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Glioma is a type of malignant brain tumor. Forkhead box C1 (FOXC1) is a conserved transcription factor that is involved in tumorigenesis; however, the function of FOXC1 in glioma remains unclear. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of FOXC1 silencing on the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of glioma cells. FOXC1-specific small interfering RNAs were employed to downregulate the expression levels of FOXC1 in glioma cells. The proliferation, migration and invasion of glioma cells were assessed by MTT assay, wound healing assay and Transwell assay. Western blot analysis was performed to reveal the effects of FOXC1 on EMT-associated proteins and β-catenin signaling. The results revealed that, following FOXC1 silencing, the proliferation, migration and invasion of glioma cells were decreased. The expression levels of EMT-associated proteins were also affected. Further examination demonstrated that β-catenin signaling was involved in the effects of FOXC1 on glioma cells. Previous results suggested that overexpression of β-catenin reversed the effects of FOXC1 silencing on glioma cells. The present study demonstrated that FOXC1 may regulate the EMT of glioma cells, potentially via β-catenin signaling. Therefore, FOXC1 may be a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of glioma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) has been more widely used in extranodal nasal-type natural killer/T-cell lymphoma (NKTCL) because it can maximally improve the local control rate of tumor and reduce the radiation dose received by surrounding normal tissues. However, there has been no consensus on whether IMRT can help to lower the toxic and adverse reactions caused by radiation therapy. The aim of this study is to compare skin toxicity caused by IMRT and conventional radiotherapy in Stage I-II NKTCL.Methods: A total of 93 patients with Stage I-II NKTCL, nasal-type arising in the nasal cavity were consecutively treated using curative radiotherapy between April 2005 and August 2014. These patients received radiotherapy without chemotherapy. Definitive radiotherapy was conducted using conventional radiotherapy in 33 patients and IMRT in the other sixty patients with a regional field and a total dose of 50 Gy. Dosimetric parameters of radiation treatment plans and skin toxicity were analyzed and compared between conventional radiotherapy and IMRT.Results: From the dosimetric analysis, IMRT demonstrated significantly improved dose coverage and homogeneity than conventional radiotherapy. Meanwhile, the Grade 1, 2, and 3 skin toxicity incidences in conventional radiotherapy group were 42.4%, 39.4%, and 18.2%, and in IMRT group were 25.0%, 31.7%, and 43.3%, respectively. Our data suggested that the severity of skin toxicity in IMRT group was statistically higher than that in conventional radiotherapy group.Conclusions: IMRT provided improved dose coverage than conventional radiotherapy. However, IMRT failed to lower patients' risks for skin toxicity and may have the potential to increase skin toxicity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the prognostic value of combined expression of Aurora A, Ki-67, p53 and p21 WAF1 in patients after curative resection of non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC). Methods Expressions of Aurora A, Ki-67, p53 and p21 WAF1 in 58 tumor samples from resected primary NSCLCs were detected by immunohistochemistry. The correlation of proteins, survival and clinicopathological characteristics was analyzed. Results The positive rates of Aurora A, Ki-67, p53 and p21 WAF1 expression were 89.7% (52/58), 53.4% (31/58), 46.6% (27/58) and 34.5% (20/58), respectively. Aurora A expression was positively correlated with nodal metastasis (69.2% vs. 37.8%, P = 0.045). The univariable analysis showed that the overall survival (OS) was 75.0% in patients with low Aurora A expression and 46.0% in patients with high Aurora A expression (P= 0.039). The 3-year survival rate was 40.0% in patients with positive expression of Aurora A and p53, 65.0% in the expression of Aurora A or p53, and 82.1% in the patients with negative expression of (P= 0.039). The Cox regression model showed that combined expression of Aurora and p53 is an independent factor affecting the prognosis of NSCLC patients (P= 0.015). Conclusions Our findings suggest that the positive expression of Aurora A, Ki-67 and p53 proteins is an unfavorable factor affecting the prognosis for NSCLC patients, and the overexpression of Aurora A is an independent unfavorable factor association with shorter OS in NSCLC patients. Detection of positive Aurora A and p53 expression may be a useful predictive prognostic indicator for NSCLC patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Radiotherapy resistance is the main cause of the the poor prognosis of some nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients. Yet, the exact mechanism is still elusive. In the present study, we explored the clinical and biological role of protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) in NPC. Our results revealed that PRMT5 was overexpressed in NPC tissues when compared with that in adjacent non-tumor tissues by quantitative RT-PCR and immunoblotting. High expression of PRMT5 was correlated with adverse outcomes of NPC patients as determined by the scoring of a tissue microarray. Silencing of PRMT5 promoted the radiosensitivity of 5-8F and CNE2 cells as determined by cell proliferation and colony formation assays. Furthermore, fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) was identified as one of the downstream targets of PRMT5, and the silencing of PRMT5 decreased the mRNA and protein levels of FGFR3 in the 5-8F and CNE2 cells. Silencing of FGFR3 induced similar phenotypes as the inhibition of PRMT5, and re-expression of FGFR3 in 5-8F/shPRMT5 and CNE2/shPRMT5 cells restored the proliferation and colony formation ability induced by irradiation exposure. Our results indicate that PRMT5 is a marker of poor prognosis in NPC patients. PRMT5 promoted the radioresistance of NPC cells via targeting FGFR3, at least partly if not totally. PRMT5 and its downstream effector FGFR3 may be potential targets for anticancer strategy.

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the prognostic value of combined expression of Aurora A, Ki-67, p53 and p21 WAF1 in patients after curative resection of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)., Methods: Expressions of Aurora A, Ki-67, p53 and p21 WAF1 in 58 tumor samples from resected primary NSCLCs were detected by immunohistochemistry. The correlation of proteins, survival and clinicopathological characteristics was analyzed., Results: The positive rates of Aurora A, Ki-67, p53 and p21 WAF1 expression were 89.7% (52/58), 53.4% (31/58), 46.6% (27/58) and 34.5% (20/58), respectively. Aurora A expression was positively correlated with nodal metastasis (69.2% vs. 37.8%, P = 0.045). The univariable analysis showed that the overall survival (OS) was 75.0%in patients with low Aurora A expression and 46.0% in patients with high Aurora A expression (P = 0.039). The 3-year survival rate was 40.0% in patients with positive expression of Aurora A and p53, 65.0% in the patients with positive expression of Aurora A or p53, and 82.1% in the patients with negative expression of Aurora A and p53 (P = 0.039). The Cox regression model showed that combined expression of Aurora and p53 is an independent factor affecting the prognosis of NSCLC patients (P = 0.015)., Conclusions: Our findings suggest that the positive expression of Aurora A, Ki-67 and p53 proteins is an unfavorable factor affecting the prognosis for NSCLC patients, and the overexpression of Aurora A is an independent unfavorable factor association with shorter OS in NSCLC patients. Detection of positive Aurora A and p53 expression may be a useful predictive prognostic indicator for NSCLC patients.

Epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) has an important role in the development of embryo, as well as that in the metastasis of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Recent researches have demonstrated that both morphological and phenotypic conversions emerge in cells undergoing EMT. As most of relevant studies were on other cancers, it is essential to uncover whether it is the similar mechanisms accounting for EMT in NSCLC. With the progress of the studies, EMT-related basic researches are gradually applied to predicting the prognosis of NSCLC. The aim of this article was to discuss the mechanisms related to EMT emerging in NSCLC.