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Hydrological forecasting in semi-arid and semi-arid areas is always the focus problem for hydrologists, and the watershed hydrological model is an effective tool for simulating and forecasting hydrological processes. The double excess watershed model (DEWM) was proposed by the Chinese hydrologists in Shanxi Province and was widely used in local reservoirs. Practical application of reservoirs for many years shows that there exist certain problems in the structure of model. Therefore, we modify the structure from three aspects: 1.Employ new infiltration formulas, 2.Simplify filling container structure and proposes a curve of the underground infiltration capacity, 3.Modify the evaporation simulation. Floods of Zhangfeng reservoir are used to verify the applicability of the modified model (MDEWM). Use the SCE algorithm to calibrate the model parameters, and compare the flow processes of calibration period and validation period with the measured values respectively. The flood peak pass rate are 83.3% and 91.7% in calibration period, and peak current are 50% and 100% in validation period of MDEWM, which results are better than DEWM or equal to it. The research of this article can provide a certain theoretical significance and practical value for flood forecasting, reservoir scheduling and water management in semi-arid and semi-humid areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new algorithm, parameter adaptive DE mixed algorithm, is presented based on the standard differential evolution algorithm. In the process of adjusting the scaling factor and the crossover factor, the comparison judgment of individual fitness is added into the algorithm to improve the convergence speed of the algorithm. At the same time, after the differential evolution algorithm reaches the iterative number, the optimal solution of the differential evolution algorithm is used as the starting point of the trust region reflection to perform secondary optimization andform a mixed differential evolution algorithm finally. Six standard test functions were adopted to test the performance of the parameter adaptive DE mixed algorithm. The test result shows that the new algorithm can greatly improve the convergence of the algorithm. In order to verify the solution quality of the parameter adaptive DE mixed algorithm, 18 historical floods of Zhangfeng Reservoir were taken as study case in this paper, by using this new algorithm and the commonly used SCE-UA algorithm in hydrological model parameters optimization to calibrate the parameters of hydrological model. The results show that the pass rate of the flood peak is 83.3%, and the pass rate of the peak time is 91.7% during the calibrated period, the pass rate of the flood peak and peak time are 66.7% and 83.3% during the tested period by the new algorithm. Compared with the SCE-UA algorithm, the proposed parameter adaptive DE mixed algorithm can more effectively approximate the measured flow process, it indicatesit is feasible that the algorithm can be applied to the parameters calibration of the hydrological model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dual-atom catalysts (DACs) have garnered significant interest due to their high atom utilization and synergistic catalysis. However, developing a precise synthetic method for DACs and comprehending the underlying catalytic mechanisms remain challenging. In this study, we employ a photoinduced anchoring strategy to precisely synthesize PtCo DAC on graphitic carbon nitride (CN). A Co atom was anchored on CN through the lone-pair electrons of nitrogen. Upon light irradiation, photoelectrons gathering at the Co site can anchor Pt metal ions nearby, accurately facilitating the formation of heteronuclear DACs. The PtCo DAC demonstrates a remarkably high H 2 generation rate from ammonia borane (AB) hydrolysis, with a TOF of 3130 mol H2 mol Pt -1 min -1 at 298 K. This TOF value is approximately 3.2 times higher than that of the Pt single-atom photocatalyst. Importantly, the PtCo DAC shows good stability, achieving a turnover number as high as 307,982 mol H2 mol Pt -1 at room temperature. The experimental and theoretical calculation results demonstrate that the synergy between Pt and Co optimizes the adsorption energy of AB and H 2 molecules while reducing the energy barrier of the rate-determining step, thus accelerating H 2 evolution from AB hydrolysis. Additionally, the introduced Co species stabilize the Pt active sites by enhancing the stability of the Pt-N bond, preventing leaching, aggregation, and deactivation. The excellent catalytic performance, good stability, and low cost of the catalysts in this work open new prospects for their practical application in hydrogen production.