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PD‐1/PD‐L1 inhibitors have emerged as standard treatments for advanced solid tumors; however, challenges such as a low overall response rate and systemic side effects impede their implementation. Hypoxia drives the remodeling of the tumor microenvironment, which is a leading reason for the failure of immunotherapies. Despite some reported strategies to alleviate hypoxia, their individual limitations constrain further improvements. Herein, a novel two‐pronged strategy is presented to efficiently address hypoxia by simultaneously adopting atovaquone (ATO, inhibiting oxygen consumption) and oxyhemoglobin (HbO2, directly supplementing oxygen) within a multifunctional aggregate termed NPs‐aPD‐1/HbO2/ATO. In addition to eliminating hypoxia with these two components, this smart aggregate also includes albumin and an ROS‐responsive cross‐linker as a controlled release scaffold, along with PD‐1 antibody (aPD‐1) for immunotherapy. Intriguingly, NPs‐aPD‐1/HbO2/ATO demonstrates exceptional tumor targeting in vivo, exhibiting ≈4.2 fold higher accumulation in tumors than in the liver. Consequently, this aggregate not only effectively mitigates hypoxia and significantly assists aPD‐1 immunotherapy but also simultaneously resolves the targeting and systemic toxicity issues associated with individual administration of each component. This study proposes substantial implications for drug‐targeted delivery, addressing tumor hypoxia and advancing immunotherapy, providing valuable insights for advancing cancer treatment strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Before steel can be utilized, pickling is necessary to remove surface oxidation products. However, as the ferrous ion concentration in the pickling solution increases, the pickling rate significantly diminishes, necessitating the treatment of spent pickling solution (SPS) to mitigate its hazardous effects prior to disposal. Current industrial methods predominantly rely on neutralization and precipitation techniques, which are cost-prohibitive and generate substantial by-products, thus failing to meet environmental protection standards. In this study, a new method, which is based on the formation of FeC2O4·2H2O precipitate in a strong acid solution, is proposed to treat the SPS. Initially, the SPS undergoes a two-step impurity removal process, followed by the controlled addition of oxalic acid dihydrate (H2C2O4·2H2O) to precipitate iron. The resulting precipitate is filtered, washed, and vacuum-dried, and the regenerated acid is recycled back into the pickling tank. When 1 g/10 mL of H2C2O4·2H2O is used, the iron removal rate achieves 60%, and the acidity of the regenerated acid increases by 11.3%. X-ray diffraction pattern (XRD) and thermogravimetric–differential scanning calorimetry (TG-DSC) characterization showed that the precipitate was α-FeC2O4·2H2O, with an average particle size of about 3.19 μm and a purity of 95.24%. This process innovatively achieves efficient recycling of acid and iron resources, offering a potential solution to the industrial challenge of difficult SPS treatment in the steel industry and meeting the urgent need for sustainable development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present study, we explored the perceptual span of typically developing Chinese children in Grade 3 (G3) during their reading of age-appropriate sentences, utilizing the gaze contingent moving window paradigm. Overall, these Chinese children had a smaller perceptual span than adults, covering only one character leftward and two characters rightward of the currently fixated one. In addition, individual differences in reading ability (i.e., number of characters correctly read aloud per minute) influenced the size of the perceptual span. Fluent readers' reading and eye-movement parameters benefited from previewing the third upcoming characters, whereas non-fluent readers reached their asymptotic performances in a smaller window revealing rightwards by only two characters. These results suggest that the perceptual span is modulated dynamically by reading ability. Non-fluent readers need to focus their attention on foveal words, leading to narrowed perceptual span and reduced parafoveal processing.

The corrosion of steel materials has become a global issue, causing significant socio-economic losses and safety concerns. Hot-dip galvanizing is currently one of the most widely used steel anti-corrosion processes. With the rapid advancement of science and technology and emerging industries, the performance of pure galvanized products struggles to meet the demands of practical applications in various environments. Consequently, researchers have begun introducing various metals into the zinc solution to form high-performance alloy coatings. This article primarily explains the process flow of hot-dip galvanizing and the impact of metal elements such as Al, Mg, Sn, and Bi on the coating, as well as outlining the major issues currently faced by the hot-dip galvanizing process. The objective is to offer a more comprehensive introduction to those new to the field of hot-dip galvanizing and to provide theoretical insights for addressing production issues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Purpose/Significance] The global rise of the Open Science Movement has greatly promoted the academic dissemination and the uptakes of scientific research results. As an important means of advancing the Movement of Open Science, openness and sharing is key to promoting the development of global agricultural science and technology. By reviewing the practice of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) for opening up and sharing global agricultural scientific and technological information resources under an open environment, it provides reference for promoting the opening-up and sharing of agricultural scientific and technological information resources and the conversion and utilization of scientific research results in China.[Method/Process] Through a multi-dimensional review of the practice progress of FAO in promoting the opening-up and sharing of international agricultural scientific and technological information resources, the main steps are to take the lead in the construction and active implementation of Agricultural Information Management Standards (AIMS) and multi-channel openness and sharing of multilingual thesaurus AGROVOC, and elaboration on the construction and operation of the International System for Agricultural Science and Technology (AGRIS). [Results/Conclusions] Based on the experience gained by FAO to promote the opening-up and sharing of international agricultural scientific and technological information resources, we summarize some useful suggestions for improving the openness and sharing of agricultural scientific and technological information resources in China from the aspects of the establishment of a standardized management system, improvement of the capability development and promotion of international cooperation.

Background: Hyperlipidemia is characterized by abnormally elevated blood lipids. Quinoa saponins (QS) have multiple pharmacological activities, including antitumor, bactericidal and immune‐enhancing effects. However, the lipid‐lowering effect and mechanisms of QS in vivo have been scarcely reported. Methods: The effect of QS against hyperlipidemia induced by high‐fat diet in rats was explored based on gut microbiota and serum non‐targeted metabolomics. Results: The study demonstrated that the supplementation of QS could reduce serum lipids, body weight, liver injury and inflammation. 16S rRNA sequencing demonstrated that QS mildly increased alpha‐diversity, altered the overall structure of intestinal flora, decreased the relative richness of Firmicutes, the ratio of Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes (P < 0.05) and increased the relative richness of Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Bifidobacterium, Roseburia and Coprococcus (P < 0.05). Simultaneously, metabolomics analysis showed that QS altered serum functional metabolites with respect to bile acid biosynthesis, arachidonic acid metabolism and taurine and hypotaurine metabolism, which were closely related to bile acid metabolism and fatty acid β‐oxidation. Furthermore, QS increased protein levels of farnesoid X receptor, peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor α and carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1, which were related to the screened metabolic pathways. Spearman correlation analysis showed that there was a correlation between gut microbiota and differential metabolites. Conclusion: QS could prevent lipid metabolism disorders in hyperlipidemic rats, which may be closely associated with the regulation of the gut microbiota and multiple metabolic pathways. This study may provide new evidence for QS as natural active substances for the prevention of hyperlipidemia. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The cantilever beam is a well-known mechanical model among science and engineering students. In general physics experiments, the light spot deflection method serves as an optical amplification technique for measuring small rotations. In this study, a method for measuring the angular deformation of a cantilever beam using the light spot deflection method is proposed and applied to weight measurement. Furthermore, we replaced the scaleplate in the traditional light spot deflection method with charge-coupled device (CCD). By employing the linear arrangement of CCD pixels and the digital speckle algorithm, the convenience and accuracy of the spot movement measurement have been greatly improved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]