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The advanced persistent threat (APT) attack was explored from two perspectives: attack methods and detection methods. First, the definitions and characteristics of APT attacks were reviewed and the development of related attack models was summarized. Based on this, a more general APT full lifecycle model was proposed, which was divided into four stages: information gathering, intrusion execution, internal network penetration, and data exfiltration. For each stage, recent research papers from the past five years were thoroughly reviewed, and the attack and detection techniques for each stage were analyzed. Finally, in light of the dynamic landscape of APT attack and defense technologies, the paper underscores the formidable challenges confronting both offense and defense and offers guidance for future research in this domain.

Objective To explore the improvement effect of green channel process optimization in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) on intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) quality in Lhasa. Methods All patients with AIS who received IVT by the stroke center of Tibet Autonomous Region from August 2019 to December 2021 were included. According to whether the stroke green channel process was optimized, they were divided into the pre-optimization group (August 2019 to June 2021) and the post-optimization group (July to December 2021). The quality of IVT and stroke prognosis were compared and analyzed between the two groups. Results A total of 34 patients with AIS who received IVT were included (an average of 1.2 patients per month), including 16 in the pre-optimization group and 18 in the post-optimization group. The National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale scores at baseline, immediately after thrombolysis, and 24 hours after thrombolysis were 6.5(3.0, 12.0), 3.0(1.0, 5.5)and 2.0(0, 6.3), respectively. The door to needle time in the post-optimization group was significantly shortened, as compared with that of the pre-optimization group[(67.1±37.8)min vs. (108.9±53.8)min, P=0.035]. Onset to needle time [(176.7±69.7)min vs. (199.1±47.8)min, P=0.065], the compliance rate of door to needle time ≤60 min (50.0% vs. 18.8%, P=0.061) and the proportion of good short-term efficacy of thrombolysis (77.8% vs. 62.5%, P=0.336) were improved, but the differences were not statistically significant. Conclusions After the process optimization of stroke green channel, the in-hospital delay of IVT for AIS in Lhasa is significantly improved, which is helpful to enhance the first-aid efficiency of early treatment of AIS.

Purpose: Gut microbiota dysbiosis significantly impacts ulcerative colitis (UC) progression and exacerbation. Probiotics show promise in UC management. This study evaluated the effects of different doses of Bacillus pumilus LV149, an aquatic-derived probiotic, on gut injury repair in male C57BL/6 mice with dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced ulcerative colitis (UC) and investigated the underlying mechanisms. Methods: UC was induced by allowing mice free access to a 3% DSS solution for 7 days, with concurrent daily oral gavage of either a low (LV149-L, 1 × 108 CFU/day/mouse) or high (LV149-H, 1 × 109 CFU/day/mouse) dose of LV149. The effects were assessed through physiological parameters, intestinal barrier integrity, inflammation, gut microbiota composition, and transcriptomic changes. Results: LV149 significantly improved pathological symptoms, including weight loss and disease activity index (DAI), and reduced colon shortening in a dose-dependent manner and inflammatory damage. The intervention also restored gut barrier function by upregulating mucins, goblet cell counts, and tight junction proteins (ZO-1, occludin, and claudin-1) in colonic tissue, along with reducing serum lipopolysaccharide (LPS) levels. Notably, only the LV149-H significantly decreased the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6, while both doses increased the expression of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 in a dose-dependent in colonic tissue. LV149 further modulated the gut microbiota, increasing beneficial bacteria and reducing pathogenic populations. Transcriptomic analysis indicated that LV149-L may exert gut repair effects via the IL-17 signaling pathway, whereas LV149-H appears to act through the JAK-STAT signaling pathway. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that LV149, particularly at a higher dose, effectively mitigated DSS-induced colonic injury by modulating gut microbiota, enhancing gut barrier integrity, and reducing inflammation. The dose-dependent effects underscored LV149-H's potential as a therapeutic agent for UC due to its stronger anti-inflammatory properties and gut-protective effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bidirectional energy storage inverters serve as crucial devices connecting distributed energy resources within microgrids to external large-scale power grids. Due to the disruptive impacts arising during the transition between grid-connected and islanded modes in bidirectional energy storage inverters, this paper proposes a smooth switching strategy based on droop control to mitigate such impacts. Firstly, this paper introduces the principle of droop control under inductive line impedance conditions, elaborating on the relevant components and the design rationale and parameter selection for the control components adopted in this study. During the transition from grid-connected to islanded mode, an improved Active Frequency Drift with Positive Feedback (AFDPF) method is introduced. Building upon the traditional AFDPF, this method optimizes the chopping coefficient by incorporating a positive feedback coefficient and a piecewise function, and proposes a tracking step size with the cube root of the frequency difference, thereby enhancing the efficiency of islanding detection while ensuring harmonic quality in the system. Conversely, during the transition from islanded to grid-connected mode, this paper proposes a composite pre-synchronization control strategy based on droop control, which enables precise tracking of the phase, amplitude, and frequency of the output voltage of the bidirectional energy storage inverter relative to the grid voltage. Finally, simulation models are established using MATLAB/Simulink(MathWorks, R2022b, U.S.), and an experimental platform with the TMS320F28378DPTPS controller built for verification. The results demonstrate that the proposed switching strategy exhibits excellent stability and achieves smooth transitions between grid-connected and islanded modes, outperforming traditional control strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Green‐emission phosphor‐sensitized OLEDs were demonstrated to achieve extremely high performance. SY‐FGD8‐based sensitized top‐emission devices achieved current efficiency of 232.8 cd/A@10 mA/cm2, LT95@50 mA/cm2, room temperature of 71 h and LT80@20 mA/cm2, 85°C of 187 h, which are greatly improved by 28%, 29%, and 65%, respectively, compared to phosphorescent devices. Notably, SY‐FGD8 exhibited excellent compatibility with different host and phosphorescent sensitizers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Maize tassel spindle length is closely related to the number of pollen grains and the duration of the flowering stage, ultimately affecting maize yield and adaptations to stress conditions. In this study, 182 maize inbred lines were included in an association population. A genome-wide association study was conducted on maize tassel spindle length using the Q + K model. With p ≤ 1.0 × 10−4 applied as the significance threshold, 240 SNPs significantly associated with tassel spindle length were detected, which were associated with 99 quantitative trait loci (QTLs), with 21 QTLs detected in two or more environments. Moreover, 51 candidate genes were detected in 21 co-localized QTLs. A KEGG enrichment analysis and candidate gene expression analysis indicated that Zm00001d042312 affects plant hormone signal transduction and is highly expressed in maize tassels. A haplotype analysis of Zm00001d042312 revealed three main haplotypes, with significant differences between Hap1 and Hap2. In conclusion, we propose that Zm00001d042312 is a gene that regulates maize tassel spindle length. This study has further elucidated the genetic basis of maize tassel spindle length, while also providing excellent genetic targets and germplasm resources for the genetic improvement of maize tassel spindle length and yield. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]