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Thrombotic disease refers to the disease caused by thrombosis and thromboembolism. In recent years, the global incidence and mortality rates of thromboembolic diseases has increased significantly, posing a serious threat to human life and health. Since ancient times, anticoagulant has been an important way to prevent and treat thrombotic diseases. However, anticoagulant tolerance and side effects have appeared in its clinical applications. Food-derived bioactive peptides have the advantages of high bioavailability and safety and are very promising in the prevention and treatment of thrombotic diseases. This paper summarizes the sources, preparation, purification, identification, anticoagulant activity and mechanisms of food-derived antithrombotic peptides in order to provide a reference for the future development of food-derived antithrombotic peptides and new anticoagulants.

To explore the changes in the viability and taste compounds of Crassostrea gigas at different circulation stages after harvesting, the oysters were sampled at different times of depuration, induced dormancy and waterless live storage for evaluation of viability changes in terms of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) related compounds, adenylate energy charge (AEC) and free amino acids and evaluation of flavor quality changes with respect to contents and taste activity values (TAV) of taste compounds. The results showed that the viability and taste compounds of C. gigas were significantly influenced by postharvest transportation and environmental stress. All viability indicators were significantly restored by 24 h depuration, with ATP, AEC and the content of total free amino acids being significantly higher than before depuration (P < 0.05), indicating that the viability reached new levels. During the process from induced dormancy to waterless live storage, more energy substances were required to maintain the balance of the organism under low temperature and hypoxia stress, so all viability indicators were significantly lower than before depuration (P < 0.05) and remained stable at a lower level. Among the taste compounds, the content of umami amino acids increased and the content of bitter amino acids decreased in C. gigas after depuration, and the content of taste amino acids decreased slowly as the waterless live storage time increased. The umami?nucleotides inosine 5’-monphosphate (IMP) and adenosine 5’-monophosphate (AMP) were accumulated throughout the circulation process (P < 0.05); the total amount of organic acids showed a fluctuant downward trend, with the amount of lactic acid being significantly higher after than before depuration (P < 0.05) and showing a decreasing trend from dormancy to the end of waterless live storage (P < 0.05), while the amounts of succinic acid and malic acid showed an increasing trend during waterless live storage (P < 0.05). The levels of Na+ and K+, which play an auxiliary role in the umami taste of C. gigas, were higher after 9 days of waterless live storage than before depuration. The total amount of taste substances did not change overall. The TAV of taste compounds showed that Asp, Glu, Arg, Ala, IMP, lactic acid, succinic acid, Na+ and K+ contributed significantly to the taste of C. gigas. In conclusion, the viability and taste substances of C. gigas can be maintained at a high level by depuration for 24 hours + gradient cooling to induce dormancy + ecological ice temperature waterless live storage for 9 days after harvesting.

Bedforms are complex and varied features on riverbeds created by the interaction between flow and sediment particles. Bedform evolution is crucial for understanding sediment transport, bed resistance, and the ecological environment of rivers. In this study, a series of movable-bed dune experiments were conducted utilizing advanced 3D topographic laser scanning technology to precisely measure the 2D and 3D dune bedforms under various conditions. This enabled the detailed analysis of the bedform parameters, including the dune length and height, the crest height, and the trough depth. Furthermore, this study examined the relationship between bed resistance and dune morphology and investigated how the intensity of bedload transport affects bed resistance. The findings indicate that bedload mass transport on the riverbed significantly contributes to increased bed resistance. Given the limitations of the traditional bedload transport rate formulas for dune bedforms, this research introduces a new formula derived from the experimental data. The accuracy of this formula was confirmed using the nonlinear least squares method. Our study enhances the accuracy of sediment transport predictions and provides scientific support for river management and engineering practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For thousands of years, pearl and nacre powders have been important traditional Chinese medicines known for their skin whitening effects. To prepare the enzymatic hydrolysates of Hyriopsis cumingii nacre powder (NP-HCH), complex enzymatic hydrolysis by pineapple protease and of neutral protease was carried out after the powder was pre-treated with a high-temperature and high-pressure method. The peptides were identified using LC-MS/MS and picked out through molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations. Subsequently, the tyrosinase inhibitory and antioxidant properties of novel tyrosinase inhibitory peptides were investigated in vitro. In addition, the enzymatic activity of tyrosinase in B16F10 cells as well as melanin content and antioxidant enzyme levels were also examined. The results showed that a tyosinase inhibitory peptide (Tyr-Pro-Asn-Pro-Tyr, YPNPY) with an efficient IC50 value of 0.545 ± 0.028 mM was identified. The in vitro interaction results showed that YPNPY is a reversible competitive inhibitor of tyrosinase, suggesting that it binds to the free enzyme. The B16F10 cell whitening test revealed that YPNPY can reduce the melanin content of B16F10 cells by directly inhibiting the activity of intracellular tyrosinase. Additionally, it indirectly affects melanin production by acting as an antioxidant. These results suggest that YPNPY could be widely used as a tyrosinase inhibitor in whitening foods and drugs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The inhibition of dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV) is a promising approach for regulating the blood glucose levels in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Oysters, rich in functional peptides, contain peptides capable of inhibiting DPP-IV activity. This study aims to identify the hypoglycemic peptides from oysters and investigate their potential anti-T2D targets and mechanisms. This research utilized virtual screening for the peptide selection, followed by in vitro DPP-IV activity assays to validate the chosen peptide. Network pharmacology was employed to identify the potential targets, GO terms, and KEGG pathways. Molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations were used to provide virtual confirmation. The virtual screening identified LRGFGNPPT as the most promising peptide among the screened oyster peptides. The in vitro studies confirmed its inhibitory effect on DPP-IV activity. Network pharmacology revealed that LRGFGNPPT exerts an anti-T2D effect through multiple targets and signaling pathways. The key hub targets are AKT1, ACE, and REN. Additionally, the molecular docking results showed that LRGFGNPPT exhibited a strong binding affinity with targets like AKT1, ACE, and REN, which was further confirmed by the molecular dynamics simulations showcasing a stable peptide–target interaction. This study highlights the potential of LRGFGNPPT as a natural anti-T2D peptide, providing valuable insights for potential future pharmaceutical or dietary interventions in T2D management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pearl and nacre powders have been valuable traditional Chinese medicines with whitening properties for thousands of years. We utilized a high-temperature and high-pressure method along with compound enzyme digestion to prepare the enzymatic hydrolysates of nacre powder of Pinctada martensii (NP-PMH). The peptides were identified using LC–MS/MS and screened through molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations. The interactions between peptides and tyrosinase were elucidated through enzyme kinetics, circular dichroism spectropolarimetry, and isothermal titration calorimetry. Additionally, their inhibitory effects on B16F10 cells were explored. The results showed that a tyrosinase-inhibitory peptide (Ala-His-Tyr-Tyr-Asp, AHYYD) was identified, which inhibited tyrosinase with an IC50 value of 2.012 ± 0.088 mM. The results of the in vitro interactions showed that AHYYD exhibited a mixed-type inhibition of tyrosinase and also led to a more compact enzyme structure. The binding reactions of AHYYD with tyrosinase were spontaneous, leading to the formation of a new set of binding sites on the tyrosinase. The B16F10 cell-whitening assay revealed that AHYYD could reduce the melanin content of the cells by directly inhibiting the activity of intracellular tyrosinase. Additionally, it indirectly affects melanin production by acting as an antioxidant. These results suggest that AHYYD could be widely used as a tyrosinase inhibitor in whitening foods and pharmaceuticals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Colitis causes inflammation, diarrhoea, fever, and other serious illnesses, posing a serious threat to human health and safety. Current medications for the treatment of colitis have serious side effects. Therefore, the new strategy of creating a defence barrier for immune function by adding anti-inflammatory foods to the daily diet is worth advocating for. Low-molecular weight oyster peptides (LOPs) are a natural food with anti-inflammatory activity extracted from oysters, so intervention with LOPs is likely to be an effective preventive solution. The aim of this study was to investigate the preventive effect of LOPs on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute colitis inflammation in mice and its underlying mechanism. The results showed that LOPs not only inhibited the colonic histopathy in mice induced by LPS-induced inflammation but also reduced the inflammatory response in the blood. In addition, LOPs significantly increased the number of beneficial bacteria (Alistipes, Mucispirillum, and Oscillospira), decreased the number of harmful bacteria (Coprobacillus, Acinetobater) in the intestinal microbiota, and further affected the absorption and utilisation of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in the intestinal tract. In conclusion, dietary supplementation with LOPs is a promising health-promoting dietary supplement and nutraceutical for the prevention of acute colitis by reducing the inflammatory response and modulating the intestinal microbial communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Enzymatic supramolecular assembly was applied to increase the thermal hysteresis activity (THA) of tilapia skin collagen peptides and their applicability as cryoprotectants. The THA value of the glutamine‐assembled product increased by 61.5% and its ice crystal content dropped by 33.93% compared to the collagen peptides. Following initial separation and purification, the THA of Gln‐AFPs was further elevated by 28.6%. After five freeze–thaw cycles, tilapia surimi treated with 8% Gln‐AFPs had high levels of salt‐soluble protein, total sulfhydryl content, Ca2+‐ATPase activity, and water‐holding capacity. Additionally, the cryoprotective effect of Gln‐AFPs on the surimi was found to be superior to that of commercial antifreeze. The majority of the Gln‐AFPs turns folded, according to FTIR analysis, and ‐helices were produced. After supramolecular assembly, the Gln‐AFPs structure also smoothed out. As a result, the enzymatic supramolecular assembly drastically increased the antifreeze activity of the tilapia skin‐collagen peptides, which could eventually be developed into a novel antifreeze additive in the food industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]