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In order to investigate the effect of Laminaria japonica polysaccharide WLP5, obtained by hot water extraction, on immune function and the growth of tumor in MCF-7 breast cancer cell-bearing mice, MCF-7 tumor-bearing nude mice were randomly divided into four groups (n = 10 each): model, positive control (doxorubicin hydrochloride, 0.4 μg/kg mb), low-dose (50 μg/kg mb) and high-dose (200 μg/kg mb) WLP5. All mice were treated by intragastric administration every other day for 50 days. The long and short diameters of tumor, tumor volume, tumor inhibition rate, hematological indicators and the concentrations of serum cytokines including interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-6, transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were determined and pathological changes of liver and tumor sections from mice in each group were observed. The results showed that the long diameter, short diameter and volume of tumor in the low- and high-dose WLP5 groups significantly decreased in comparison to the model group (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01), and the tumor inhibition rates were 36.5% and 48.9%, respectively. Compared with the model group, monocyte percentage significantly decreased (P < 0.05) and mean platelet volume significantly increased in the high-dose group (P < 0.05), but no significant differences were found in any other hematological indicators. Moreover, WLP5 at low and high doses significantly increased the release of IL-2 and IL-6 (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). The results of pathological sections suggested that the liver tissue of mice in the high-dose group was complete, while the tumor cells showed large areas of necrosis and the nuclei disappeared, indicating that WLP5 has strong antitumor effect in vivo without obvious toxicity to normal cells or tissues. The antitumor activity of WLP5 is related to the regulation of immune function.

We present a new Newton-like method for large-scale unconstrained nonconvex minimization. And a new straightforward limited memory quasi-Newton updating based on the modified quasi-Newton equation is deduced to construct the trust region subproblem, in which the information of both the function value and gradient is used to construct approximate Hessian. The global convergence of the algorithm is proved. Numerical results indicate that the proposed method is competitive and efficient on some classical large-scale nonconvex test problems.

We propose and generalize a new nonlinear conjugate gradient method for unconstrained optimization. The global convergence is proved with the Wolfe line search. Numerical experiments are reported which support the theoretical analyses and show the presented methods outperforming CGDESCENT method.

The eigenvalues of tensors become more and more important in the numerical multilinear algebra. In this paper, based on the nonmonotone technique, an accelerated Levenberg–Marquardt (LM) algorithm is presented for computing the B‐eigenvalues of symmetric tensors, in which an LM step and an accelerated LM step are computed at each iteration. We establish the global convergence of the proposed algorithm using properties of symmetric tensors and norms. Under the local error‐bound condition, the cubic convergence of the nonmonotone accelerated LM algorithm is derived. Numerical results show that this method is efficient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inflammation is generally considered a key risk factor in the progress of several chronic diseases, such as arthritis, gastritis, and hepatitis. Natural products with anti-inflammatory ability have played a great role in the process of overcoming these inflammatory diseases. In this study, we evaluated the anti-inflammatory activities of ten natural compounds derived from lotus seedpod and discovered (E)-9-octadecenoic acid ethyl ester (E9OAEE) inhibited the production of nitric oxide (NO) optimally in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW264.7 macrophages. Furthermore, we explored the effects of E9OAEE on inflammatory responses and the underlying mechanisms in LPS-induced RAW264.7 macrophages. The results indicated that E9OAEE significantly suppressed the production of NO, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and tumour necrosis factor- α (TNF α ) in a dose-dependent manner. The protein expression and mRNA levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2) were inhibited by pretreatment of E9OAEE. Furthermore, E9OAEE restrained the phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPKs) family members, ERK, P38, and JNK stimulated by LPS-treated for 30 min and prevented the nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF- κ B) prompted by LPS-treated for 6 h in RAW264.7 macrophages. Taken together, we discovered an anti-inflammatory component from lotus seedpod and identified E9OAEE attenuated the inflammatory response in LPS-induced RAW264.7 macrophages probably by regulating the activation of MAPKs and NF- κ B signalling pathways, which would provide some base for the development of new anti-inflammatory drugs., Competing Interests: The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2022 Chuanqi Xie et al.)