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To analyze the effectiveness of the "Xinjiang Model" for tuberculosis prevention and control in Kashgar Prefecture, Xinjiang, and to explore the determinants of the policy implementation effect. Methods: The registration data of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) patients in Kashgar Prefecture from 2012 to 2021 were collected to describe the temporal trend of registered incidence. A questionnaire survey was conducted among PTB patients registered and treated in the tuberculosis management information system in Zepu and Shache Counties from January 2022 to July 2023 to collect and analyze "Xinjiang model" determinants of effectiveness. Results: The PTB registered incidence in Kashgar Prefecture showed a significant increasing trend from 2012 to 2018 (APC=18.7%) and a significant decreasing trend from 2018– 2021 (APC=− 28.8%). Among the Kashgar Prefecture, compared with average registered incidence in 2012– 2017, registered incidence in 2021 in Shufu, Maigaiti, and Zepu Counties had a greater decline rate of 58.68%, 57.16%, and 54.02%, respectively, while the registered incidence in 2021 in Shache County increased by 6.32%. According to the comprehensive analysis of the factors affecting the effect of policy implementation, the proportion of PTB patients in Zepu County whose health status has now significantly improved compared with that before treatment was significantly greater than that in Shache County (P< 0.05); patients in Shache County were significantly less aware than those in Zepu County of how to take tuberculosis drugs, precautions, adverse reactions, and regular reviews during treatment; the factors that accounted for the greater proportion of heavy treatment burden in both Shache and Zepu Counties were discomfort caused by taking or injecting drugs, accounting for 12.8% and 8.7%, respectively. Conclusion: The "Xinjiang model" can effectively control the epidemic situation of tuberculosis in Kashgar, and the knowledge of tuberculosis treatment, adverse reactions to tuberculosis drugs, and treatment costs were the determinants of the effectiveness of policy implementation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Early recognition and treatment of latent tuberculosis infection(LTBI) is key to tuberculosis(TB) prevention. However, the emergence of LTBI is influenced by a combination of factors, of which the role of individual immune cytokines remains controversial. The aim of this study is to explore the influencing factors of LTBI and their effects with cytokines on LTBI. Patients and Methods: Close contacts of tuberculosis in Urumqi City from 2021 to 2022 were selected for the study to conduct a field survey. It used logistic regression model to analyse the influencing factors of LTBI, principal component analysis to extract a composite indicators of cytokines, and structural equation modelling to explore the direct and indirect effects of cytokines and influencing factors on LTBI. Results: LTBI infection rate of 33.3% among 288 TB close contacts. A multifactorial Logistic model showed that factors influencing LTBI included education, daily contact hours, eating animal liver, and drinking coffee (P< 0.05); After controlling for confounding factors and extracting composite indicators of cytokines using principal component analysis, CXCL5 and IFN-γ is a protective factor for LTBI(OR=0.572, P=0.047), IL-10 and TNF-α is a risk factor for LTBI(OR=2.119, P=0.010); Structural equation modelling shows drinking coffee, eating animal liver, daily contact hours, and IL-10 and TNF-α had direct effects on LTBI and educations had indirect effects on LTBI(P< 0.05). Conclusion: IL-10 and TNF-α are involved in the immune response and are directly related to LTBI. By monitoring the cytokine levels of TB close contacts and paying attention to their dietary habits and exposure, we can detect and intervene in LTBI at an early stage and control their progression to TB. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]