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To arrive at the dynamic anti-plane characteristics of bi-material structures with an interfacial V-notch, a virtual domain decomposition technique in conjunction with Graf's addition theorem is employed. External force systems are then appropriately solved using the Green's function technique and the "conjunction" method. Thereafter, the displacement amplitude of the interfacial V-notch is analytically derived. In continuing, some parametric studies are conducted and the plotted results are methodically explained and discussed. The obtained results reveal that the dynamic response in the interfacial V-notch structure could become significant for small levels of the shear modulus ratio and the wavenumber ratio. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This toxicology study was conducted to assess the impact of formaldehyde, a common air pollutant found in Chinese gymnasiums, on the brain function of athletes. In this research, a total of 24 Balb/c male mice of SPF-grade were divided into four groups, each consisting of six mice. The mice were exposed to formaldehyde at different concentrations, including 0 mg/m3, 0.5 mg/m3, 3.0 mg/m3, and 3.0 mg/m3 in combination with an injection of L-NMMA (NG-monomethyl-L-arginine), which is a nitric oxide synthase antagonist. Following a one-week test period (8 h per day, over 7 days), measurements of biomarkers related to the nitric oxide (NO)/cGMP-cAMP signaling pathway were carried out on the experimental animals post-treatment. The study found that: (1) Exposure to formaldehyde can lead to brain cell apoptosis and neurotoxicity; (2) Additionally, formaldehyde exposure was found to alter the biomarkers of the NO/cGMP-cAMP signaling pathway, with some changes being statistically significant (p < 0.05 or p < 0.01); (3) The use of L-NMMA, an antagonist of the NO/cGMP-cAMP signaling pathway, was found to prevent these biomarker changes and had a protective effect on brain cells. The study suggests that the negative impact of formaldehyde on the brain function of mice is linked to the regulation of the NO/cGMP-cAMP signaling pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to explore whether formaldehyde have an effect on the metabolic regulation of hematopoietic system through the signalling pathway, SPF grade Balb/c male mice were selected as the target in this study. After a 7 day(8 h/d) dynamic and inhalational exposure to gaseous formaldehyde with three different concentrations (0.5 mg/m³, 1.0 mg/m³ and 3.0 mg/m³, respectively), the concentrations of cAMP in brain, plasma and bone marrow issue of mice were determined. The contents of cAMP in brain tissue did not change under different concentrations of formaldehyde compared wtth the control group. The contents of cAMP in pasma of mice all changed compared wtth the control group, the 0.5, 3.0 mg/m³ group appeared extremely significant diffennce (P < 0.01), the 1.0 mg/m³ group appeared signilicant difference (P < 0.05). The contents of cAMP in the bone marrow of all the experimental groups had significant difference compared with that of control group (P < 0.05). The results indicated that the toxicity of formaldehyde on mouse hematopoeitc system is related to intracellular cAMP signaling pathways. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cell-2 (TREM2) is a transmembrane receptor which is specifically expressed on myeloid cells. To date, TREM2 has been confirmed as a key factor in many pathologies, such as Alzheimer's disease, obesity-related metabolic syndrome, fatty liver and atherosclerosis. However, the role of TREM2 in tumors remains poorly understood. TREM2 is highly expressed in more than 200 primary and metastatic tumors, a feature that makes TREM2 a potential clinical target for tumor immunotherapy. The tumor microenvironment (TME) is the "soil" which tumors survive on and exhibits immunosuppressive characteristics. During the development of a tumor, TME will secrete various chemotactic factors to recruit myeloid cells. It is clear now that cancer progression and metastasis depend on the interactions between cancer cells and myeloid cell infiltration in TME. As an important receptor involved in inflammatory suppression signaling pathways, TREM2 may play an important role in immune escape by the tumor. Recently, several studies have illustrated that TREM2 expressed on tumor infiltrated myeloid cells acts as a crucial regulator of the antitumor immune response. In this review, we systematically summarize recent publications about the latest advances in knowledge of TREM2 in cancer, especially focusing on its role in tumor associated myeloid cells and tumor immunotherapy., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2022 Termedia.)

Out of the frying pan: A ZnPW nanotube catalyst containing Brønsted and Lewis double acid sites promotes the conversion of waste cooking oil into biodiesel. The catalytic activity of the ZnPW nanotubes is stable to the presence of free fatty acids or water in the feedstock. The high catalytic activity of the ZnPW nanotubes is attributed to the synergistic effect of Lewis acid sites and Brønsted acid sites.Zinc dodecatungstophosphate (Zn(1.2)H(0.6)PW(12)O(40); ZnPW) nanotubes, which feature Lewis acid and Brønsted acid sites, were prepared using cellulose fibers as templates. The structure, acid properties, and catalytic activity of the nanotubes as heterogeneous catalysts for biodiesel production were then studied in detail. The ZnPW nanocatalyst exhibited higher catalytic activities for the simultaneous esterification and transesterification of palmitic acid than the parent acid catalyst 12-tungstophosphoric acid (H(3)PW(12)O(40)). Moreover, the doubly acidic nanotubes led to markedly enhanced yields of methyl esters in the conversion of waste cooking oil (containing 26.89 wt % free fatty acids and 1 % moisture) to biodiesel. The catalyst could be recycled and reused with negligible loss in activity over five cycles. The ZnPW nanocatalyst is acid- and water-tolerant and is an environmentally benign heterogeneous catalyst for the production of biodiesel from low-quality feedstocks.