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2. Marine phycotoxin levels in shellfish—14 years of data gathered along the Italian coast

Author

Accoroni, Stefano, Cangini, Monica, Angeletti, Roberto, Losasso, Carmen, Bacchiocchi, Simone, Costa, Antonella, Taranto, Aurelia Di, Escalera, Laura, Fedrizzi, Giorgio, Garzia, Angela, Longo, Francesca, Macaluso, Andrea, Melchiorre, Nunzia, Milandri, Anna, Milandri, Stefania, Montresor, Marina, Neri, Francesca, Piersanti, Arianna, Rubini, Silva, Suraci, Chiara, Susini, Francesca, Vadrucci, Maria Rosaria, Mudadu, Alessandro Graziano, Vivaldi, Barbara, Soro, Barbara, Totti, Cecilia, and Zingone, Adriana

Published
2024
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3. First Report of Pinnatoxin-G (PnTX-G) in a Marine–Coastal Area of the Adriatic Sea Associated with the Presence of the Dinoflagellate Vulcanodinium rugosum

Author

Cangini, Monica, primary, Dall’Ara, Sonia, additional, Rubini, Silva, additional, Bertasi, Barbara, additional, Rizzi, Paolo, additional, Dell’Orfano, Giovanni, additional, Milandri, Stefania, additional, Manfredini, Stefano, additional, Baldini, Erika, additional, and Vertuani, Silvia, additional

Published
2024
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5. A Year of Bio-Monitoring (2021): Presence of Algae of the Genus Alexandrium, Dinophysis, Prorocentrum and Non-Compliance for Paralytic Toxins and Lipophilic Toxins in Bivalve Mollusks Bred in Sardinia (W Mediterranean Sea)

Author

Lorenzoni, Giuseppa, primary, Bazzoni, Anna Maria, additional, Cangini, Monica, additional, Dall’Ara, Sonia, additional, Melillo, Rita, additional, Mudadu, Alessandro Graziano, additional, Cau, Simona, additional, Soro, Barbara, additional, Ledda, Salvatore, additional, Piras, Gabriella, additional, Tedde, Tiziana, additional, Salza, Sara, additional, Arras, Igor, additional, Porqueddu, Giuseppa, additional, and Meloni, Domenico, additional

Published
2022
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6. Toxic marine microalgae and associated phycotoxins in shellfish: 14 years of data from the Italian coasts

Author

Accoroni, Stefano, Cangini, Monica, Angeletti, Roberto, Arcangeli, Giuseppe, Bacchiocchi, Simone, Barile, Nadia, Contiero, Lidia, Costa, Antonella, Di Taranto, Aurelia, Escalera, Laura, Fedrizzi, Giorgio, Garzia, Angela, Longo, Francesca, Macaluso, Andrea, Melchiorre, Nunzia, Milandri, Anna, Milandri, Stefania, Montresor, Marina, Neri, Bruno, Neri, Francesca, Gallo, Pasquale, Piersanti, Arianna, Rubini, Silva, Scortichini, Giampiero, Suraci, Chiara, Susini, Francesca, Vadrucci, Maria Rosaria, Verniani, Daniela, Virgilio, Sebastiano, Vivaldi, Barbara, Vodret, Bruna, Totti, Cecilia, and Zingone, Adriana

Subjects
toxic algae, domoic acid, emerging toxins, marine lipophilic toxins, paralytic shellfish toxins
Abstract

Along the Italian coasts, toxins of algal origin in wild and cultivated shellfish have been reported since the 1970s. In this study, we used data gathered by the Veterinary Public Health Institutes and the Italian Environmental Health Protection Agencies from 2006 to 2019 to investigate toxicity events and relate them to the distribution of toxic species. Among detected toxins (OA and analogs, YTXs, PTXs, STXs, DAs, AZAs), OA and YTX were those most frequently reported in cases of seafood contamination. Levels of those toxins exceeding regulatory limits for OA were associated with high abundances of Dinophysis spp. and for YTX with blooms of Gonyaulax spinifera, Lingulodinium polyedra, and Protoceratium reticulatum. Seasonal blooms of Pseudo-nitzschia spp. occurred all along the Italian coast, but DA was only occasionally found in shellfish, at concentrations consistently below the regulatory limit. Alexandrium was recorded in many more areas than STXs, which only rarely exceeded the regulatory limit. Azadinium was sporadically recorded, and AZAs were sometimes detected in low quantities. Among the emerging toxins, PLTX-like toxins often accumulated in wild mussels and sea urchins due to the occurrences of Ostreopsis cf. ovata. Overall, Italian coastal waters harbour numerous potentially toxic species, with a few HAB hotspots related to DSP toxins. Still, rare cases of intoxications have occurred so far, reflecting the whole Mediterranean Sea conditions., Corresponding author's email: s.accoroni@univpm.it

Published
2022
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7. New records of intensive blooms of Alexandrium minutum (Dinophyceae) in the Jonian Sea, Italy

Author

Pistocchi,Rossella, Cangini,Monica, Guerrini,Franca, Pezzolesi,Laura, Casabianca,Silvia, Dall'Ara,Sonia, Pino,Fiorella, Aloi,Maria Grazia, Settineri,Letteria, Pedullà,Francesca, Tromba,Margherita, Morabito,Stefano, and Penna,Antonella

Subjects
Alexandrium minutum, harmful blooms, marine biotoxins, PSP toxins
Abstract

In Italy Alexandrium minutum is recurrently found at low concentrations in mussel farming areas, such as the Western Adriatic and the Sardinia coasts; mussels positive to PSP toxins have occasionally been detected but rarely exceeded the legal limit for commercial sale. Conversely, in South Italy, the Sicilian coast represents a hot spot of A. minutum blooms, repeatedly occurring in high densities. This study shows the presence of extensive blooms detected for the first time on the Jonian coast of Calabria at Roccella Jonica; the first bloom occurred in 2018, followed by a larger event in 2020. Both blooms occurred in March in the harbour dockyard, an area not monitored for toxic algae due to the absence of mussel farms. The blooms caused a yellow/brown water discoloration, but no PSP symptoms were reported. In order to understand if these blooms can cause harmful consequences, five Alexandrium strains were isolated from the 2018 event for molecular identification at the species level and analysis of the toxin content and profile. All strains were confirmed to belong to the A. minutum group and produce PSP toxins, with four out of five clones displaying higher toxin levels. The toxin profile displayed slight differences among strains, however, GTX 1,4 were the prevalent analogues, as previously observed in the Mediterranean region. Despite A. minutum blooms being rare events historically, intensive toxic blooms are increasing, especially on the South Italian coasts. This poses some concerns and highlights the need for better monitoring and management of the new identified spot and of nearby areas.

Published
2022
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8. A Year of Bio-Monitoring (2021): Presence of Algae of the Genus Alexandrium , Dinophysis , Prorocentrum and Non-Compliance for Paralytic Toxins and Lipophilic Toxins in Bivalve Mollusks Bred in Sardinia (W Mediterranean Sea).

Author

Lorenzoni, Giuseppa, Bazzoni, Anna Maria, Cangini, Monica, Dall'Ara, Sonia, Melillo, Rita, Mudadu, Alessandro Graziano, Cau, Simona, Soro, Barbara, Ledda, Salvatore, Piras, Gabriella, Tedde, Tiziana, Salza, Sara, Arras, Igor, Porqueddu, Giuseppa, and Meloni, Domenico

Subjects
PARALYTIC shellfish toxins, MOLLUSKS, TOXINS, ALEXANDRIUM, BIVALVES
Abstract

Bivalve mollusk production represents the principal aquaculture activity in Sardinia (40°03′ N, 9°05′ E). In 2021, 859 water samples and 1270 mollusk samples were analyzed. The species Alexandrium minutum caused the accumulation of Paralytic Shellfish Toxins (PST) in three samples of bivalve mollusks. Dinophysis acuminata complex caused the accumulation of lipophilic toxins (LTs) belonging to the okadaic acid group (OAs) in 18 samples of bivalve mollusks. The research of paralytic shellfish toxins (PSTs) in shellfish samples has been carried out with LC-FLD, as mentioned in the AOAC 2005 Official Method 2005.06. The determination of LTs was carried out by LC-MS/MS analysis. DTX2, belonging to the group of OA toxins, was detected for the first time in Sardinia, in mussels sampled in Tortolì. The presence of Dinophysis and Prorocentrum species was correlated with the accumulation of the OA toxin group in bivalve mollusks, showing a certain repeatability at certain times of the year in the areas included in the study. The results of the present study can help to plan and organize more effective bio-monitoring sampling strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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12. Phytoplankton diversity in Adriatic ports: Lessons from the port baseline survey for the management of harmful algal species

Author

Mozetič, Patricija, primary, Cangini, Monica, additional, Francé, Janja, additional, Bastianini, Mauro, additional, Bernardi Aubry, Fabrizio, additional, Bužančić, Mia, additional, Cabrini, Marina, additional, Cerino, Federica, additional, Čalić, Marijeta, additional, D'Adamo, Raffaele, additional, Drakulović, Dragana, additional, Finotto, Stefania, additional, Fornasaro, Daniela, additional, Grilli, Federica, additional, Kraus, Romina, additional, Kužat, Nataša, additional, Marić Pfannkuchen, Daniela, additional, Ninčević Gladan, Živana, additional, Pompei, Marinella, additional, Rotter, Ana, additional, Servadei, Irene, additional, and Skejić, Sanda, additional

Published
2019
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15. Ballast waters as a prominent vector for the transfer of harmful aquatic organisms: the study of phytoplankton and dinoflagellate cysts in the italian port of bari (BALMAS project)

Author

Laura Pezzolesi, Silvia Pigozzi, CANGINI, MONICA, BURATTI, SARA, Irene Servadei, Franca Guerrini, Rossella Pistocchi, and Laura Pezzolesi, Silvia Pigozzi, Monica Cangini, Sara Buratti, Irene Servadei, Franca Guerrini, Rossella Pistocchi

Subjects
Ballast waters, cysts, HARMFUL AQUATIC ORGANISMS, non-indigenous species
Published
2017

16. Phytoplankton diversity in Adriatic ports

Author

Mozetič, Patricija, Cangini, Monica, Francé, Janja, Bastianini, Mauro, Bernardi Aubry, Fabrizio, Bužančić, Mia, Cabrini, Marina, Cerino, Federica, Čalić, Marijeta, D'Adamo, Raffaele, Drakulović, Dragana, Finotto, Stefania, Fornasaro, Daniela, Grilli, Federica, Kraus, Romina, Kužat, Nataša, Marić Pfannkuchen, Daniela, Ninčević Gladan, Živana, Pompei, Marinella, Rotter, Ana, Servadei, Irene, Skejić, Sanda, Cabrini, Marina, Cataletto, Bruno, Falace, Annalisa, Honsell, Giorgio, Petrera, Francesca, and Spoto, Maurizio

Subjects
Phytoplankton, Harmful Algal Blooms, Non-indigenous species, Ports, Shipping, Adriatic Sea
Abstract

Besides being a highly sensitive ecosystem, the Adriatic Sea is also an important seaway for international and local shipping, which poses a serious risk on the transfer of harmful aquatic organisms and pathogens (HAOP) by ships. Monitoring programs and surveillance activities would be of limited efficacy if carried out on a local scale only. The first step in setting up a common Adriatic approach towards unwanted threats to the environment from the transfer of HAOP was to prepare an inventory of organisms in ports. Phytoplankton diversity was determined through the port baseline survey in twelve Adriatic ports in years 2011, 2014 and 2015. Phytoplanktonic HAOP were identified as species, either native or non-indigenous (NIS) that can trigger harmful algal blooms (HAB). A list of 689 taxa was prepared and among them 52 were classified as HAB and five as NIS. Records of toxigenic NIS (Pseudo-nitzschia multistriata, Ostreopsis species including O. cf. ovata) indicate that the intrusion of non-native invasive phytoplankton species has already occurred in some Adriatic ports. The seasonal occurrence and abundance of HAOP offers a solid baseline for a monitoring design in ports in order to prevent possible expansion of HAOP outside their native region.

Published
2017

18. Toxin Levels and Profiles in Microalgae from the North-Western Adriatic Sea—15 Years of Studies on Cultured Species

Author

Pistocchi, Rossella, primary, Guerrini, Franca, additional, Pezzolesi, Laura, additional, Riccardi, Manuela, additional, Vanucci, Silvana, additional, Ciminiello, Patrizia, additional, Dell’Aversano, Carmela, additional, Forino, Martino, additional, Fattorusso, Ernesto, additional, Tartaglione, Luciana, additional, Milandri, Anna, additional, Pompei, Marinella, additional, Cangini, Monica, additional, Pigozzi, Silvia, additional, and Riccardi, Elena, additional

Published
2012
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19. Gonyaulax spinifera from the Adriatic sea: Toxin production and phylogenetic analysis

Author

Riccardi, Manuela, primary, Guerrini, Franca, additional, Roncarati, Francesca, additional, Milandri, Anna, additional, Cangini, Monica, additional, Pigozzi, Silvia, additional, Riccardi, Elena, additional, Ceredi, Alfiero, additional, Ciminiello, Patrizia, additional, Dell’Aversano, Carmela, additional, Fattorusso, Ernesto, additional, Forino, Martino, additional, Tartaglione, Luciana, additional, and Pistocchi, Rossella, additional

Published
2009
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22. Inter-annual variations of planktonic food webs in the northern Adriatic Sea

Author

Fonda Umani, Serena, primary, Milani, Luisella, additional, Borme, Diego, additional, de Olazabal, Alessandra, additional, Parlato, Stefania, additional, Precali, Robert, additional, Kraus, Romina, additional, Lučić, Davor, additional, Njire, Jakica, additional, Totti, Cecilia, additional, Romagnoli, Tiziana, additional, Pompei, Marinella, additional, and Cangini, Monica, additional

Published
2005
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