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1. Comprehensive analysis of the chromatin landscape in Drosophila melanogaster

Author

Kharchenko, Peter V, Alekseyenko, Artyom A, Schwartz, Yuri B, Minoda, Aki, Riddle, Nicole C, Ernst, Jason, Sabo, Peter J, Larschan, Erica, Gorchakov, Andrey A, Gu, Tingting, Linder-Basso, Daniela, Plachetka, Annette, Shanower, Gregory, Tolstorukov, Michael Y, Luquette, Lovelace J, Xi, Ruibin, Jung, Youngsook L, Park, Richard W, Bishop, Eric P, Canfield, Theresa K, Sandstrom, Richard, Thurman, Robert E, MacAlpine, David M, Stamatoyannopoulos, John A, Kellis, Manolis, Elgin, Sarah CR, Kuroda, Mitzi I, Pirrotta, Vincenzo, Karpen, Gary H, and Park, Peter J

Subjects
Biotechnology, Human Genome, Genetics, Prevention, Underpinning research, 1.1 Normal biological development and functioning, Generic health relevance, Animals, Cell Line, Chromatin, Chromatin Immunoprecipitation, Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone, Deoxyribonuclease I, Drosophila Proteins, Drosophila melanogaster, Exons, Gene Expression Regulation, Genes, Insect, Genome, Insect, Histones, Male, Molecular Sequence Annotation, Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis, Polycomb Repressive Complex 1, RNA, Sequence Analysis, Transcription, Genetic, General Science & Technology
Abstract

Chromatin is composed of DNA and a variety of modified histones and non-histone proteins, which have an impact on cell differentiation, gene regulation and other key cellular processes. Here we present a genome-wide chromatin landscape for Drosophila melanogaster based on eighteen histone modifications, summarized by nine prevalent combinatorial patterns. Integrative analysis with other data (non-histone chromatin proteins, DNase I hypersensitivity, GRO-Seq reads produced by engaged polymerase, short/long RNA products) reveals discrete characteristics of chromosomes, genes, regulatory elements and other functional domains. We find that active genes display distinct chromatin signatures that are correlated with disparate gene lengths, exon patterns, regulatory functions and genomic contexts. We also demonstrate a diversity of signatures among Polycomb targets that include a subset with paused polymerase. This systematic profiling and integrative analysis of chromatin signatures provides insights into how genomic elements are regulated, and will serve as a resource for future experimental investigations of genome structure and function.

Published
2011

5. Systematic Localization of Common Disease-Associated Variation in Regulatory DNA

Author

Maurano, Matthew T., Humbert, Richard, Rynes, Eric, Thurman, Robert E., Haugen, Eric, Wang, Hao, Reynolds, Alex P., Sandstrom, Richard, Qu, Hongzhu, Brody, Jennifer, Shafer, Anthony, Neri, Fidencio, Lee, Kristen, Kutyavin, Tanya, Stehling-Sun, Sandra, Johnson, Audra K., Canfield, Theresa K., Giste, Erika, Diegel, Morgan, Bates, Daniel, Hansen, R. Scott, Neph, Shane, Sabo, Peter J., Heimfeld, Shelly, Raubitschek, Antony, Ziegler, Steven, Cotsapas, Chris, Sotoodehnia, Nona, Glass, Ian, Sunyaev, Shamil R., Kaul, Rajinder, and Stamatoyannopoulos, John A.

Published
2012
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7. Topologically associating domains are stable units of replication-timing regulation

Author

Pope, Benjamin D., Ryba, Tyrone, Dileep, Vishnu, Yue, Feng, Wu, Weisheng, Denas, Olgert, Vera, Daniel L., Wang, Yanli, Hansen, R. Scott, Canfield, Theresa K., Thurman, Robert E., Cheng, Yong, Gulsoy, Gunhan, Dennis, Jonathan H., Snyder, Michael P., Stamatoyannopoulos, John A., Taylor, James, Hardison, Ross C., Kahveci, Tamer, Ren, Bing, and Gilbert, David M.

Subjects
Genetic research, Genetic regulation -- Research, Chromosome replication -- Research, Environmental issues, Science and technology, Zoology and wildlife conservation
Abstract

Author(s): Benjamin D. Pope [1]; Tyrone Ryba [2]; Vishnu Dileep [1]; Feng Yue [3, 4]; Weisheng Wu [5]; Olgert Denas [6]; Daniel L. Vera [1]; Yanli Wang [4]; R. Scott [...]

Published
2014
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8. Integrative analysis of 111 reference human epigenomes

Author

Consortium, Roadmap Epigenomics, Kundaje, Anshul, Meuleman, Wouter, Ernst, Jason, Bilenky, Misha, Yen, Angela, Heravi-Moussavi, Alireza, Kheradpour, Pouya, Zhang, Zhizhuo, Wang, Jianrong, Ziller, Michael J., Whitaker, John W., Ward, Lucas D., Sarkar, Abhishek, Sandstrom, Richard S., Wu, Yi-Chieh, Pfenning, Andreas R., Wang, Xinchen, Claussnitzer, Melina, Liu, Yaping, Harris, Alan R., Epstein, Charles B., Leung, Danny, Hawkins, David R., Hong, Chibo, Mungall, Andrew J., Chuah, Eric, Hansen, Scott R., Bansal, Mukul S., Dixon, Jesse R., Feizi, Soheil, Kim, Ah-Ram, Li, Daofeng, Elliott, GiNell, Neph, Shane J., Polak, Paz, Ray, Pradipta, Siebenthall, Kyle T., Thurman, Robert E., Zhou, Xin, Boyer, Laurie A., De Jager, Philip L., Fisher, Susan J., Li, Wei, McManus, Michael T., Sunyaev, Shamil, Tlsty, Thea D., Wang, Wei, Waterland, Robert A., Costello, Joseph F., Hirst, Martin, Stamatoyannopoulos, John A., Wang, Ting, Amin, Viren, Schultz, Matthew D., Quon, Gerald, Eaton, Matthew L., Pfenning, Andreas, Liu, Melina ClaussnitzerYaping, Coarfa, Cristian, Shoresh, Noam, Gjoneska, Elizabeta, Xie, Wei, Lister, Ryan, Moore, Richard, Tam, Angela, Canfield, Theresa K., Kaul, Rajinder, Sabo, Peter J., Carles, Annaick, Farh, Kai-How, Karlic, Rosa, Kulkarni, Ashwinikumar, Lowdon, Rebecca, Mercer, Tim R., Onuchic, Vitor, Rajagopal, Nisha, Sallari, Richard C., Sinnott-Armstrong, Nicholas A., Stevens, Michael, Wu, Jie, Zhang, Bo, Abdennur, Nezar, Adli, Mazhar, Akerman, Martin, Barrera, Luis, Antosiewicz-Bourget, Jessica, Ballinger, Tracy, Barnes, Michael J., Bates, Daniel, Bell, Robert J. A., Bennett, David A., Bianco, Katherine, Bock, Christoph, Boyle, Patrick, Brinchmann, Jan, Caballero-Campo, Pedro, Camahort, Raymond, Carrasco-Alfonso, Marlene J., Charnecki, Timothy, Chen, Huaming, Chen, Zhao, Cheng, Jeffrey B., Cho, Stephanie, Chu, Andy, Chung, Wen-Yu, Cowan, Chad, Deng, Qixia Athena, Deshpande, Vikram, Diegel, Morgan, Ding, Bo, Durham, Timothy, Echipare, Lorigail, Edsall, Lee, Flowers, David, Genbacev-Krtolica, Olga, Gifford, Casey, Gillespie, Shawn, Giste, Erika, Glass, Ian A., Gnirke, Andreas, Gormley, Matthew, Gu, Hongcang, Gu, Junchen, Hafler, David A., Hangauer, Matthew J., Hariharan, Manoj, Hatan, Meital, Haugen, Eric, He, Yupeng, Heimfeld, Shelly, Herlofsen, Sarah, Hou, Zhonggang, Humbert, Richard, Issner, Robbyn, Jackson, Andrew R., Jia, Haiyang, Jiang, Peng, Johnson, Audra K., Kadlecek, Theresa, Kamoh, Baljit, Kapidzic, Mirhan, Kent, Jim, Kim, Audrey, Kleinewietfeld, Markus, Klugman, Sarit, Krishnan, Jayanth, Kuan, Samantha, Kutyavin, Tanya, Lee, Ah-Young, Lee, Kristen, Li, Jian, Li, Nan, Li, Yan, Ligon, Keith L., Lin, Shin, Lin, Yiing, Liu, Jie, Liu, Yuxuan, Luckey, John C., Ma, Yussanne P., Maire, Cecile, Marson, Alexander, Mattick, John S., Mayo, Michael, McMaster, Michael, Metsky, Hayden, Mikkelsen, Tarjei, Miller, Diane, Miri, Mohammad, Mukame, Eran, Nagarajan, Raman P., Neri, Fidencio, Nery, Joseph, Nguyen, Tung, OʼGeen, Henriette, Paithankar, Sameer, Papayannopoulou, Thalia, Pelizzola, Mattia, Plettner, Patrick, Propson, Nicholas E., Raghuraman, Sriram, Raney, Brian J., Raubitschek, Anthony, Reynolds, Alex P., Richards, Hunter, Riehle, Kevin, Rinaudo, Paolo, Robinson, Joshua F., Rockweiler, Nicole B., Rosen, Evan, Rynes, Eric, Schein, Jacqueline, Sears, Renee, Sejnowski, Terrence, Shafer, Anthony, Shen, Li, Shoemaker, Robert, Sigaroudinia, Mahvash, Slukvin, Igor, Stehling-Sun, Sandra, Stewart, Ron, Subramanian, Sai Lakshmi, Suknuntha, Kran, Swanson, Scott, Tian, Shulan, Tilden, Hannah, Tsai, Linus, Urich, Mark, Vaughn, Ian, Vierstra, Jeff, Vong, Shinny, Wagner, Ulrich, Wang, Hao, Wang, Tao, Wang, Yunfei, Weiss, Arthur, Whitton, Holly, Wildberg, Andre, Witt, Heather, Won, Kyoung-Jae, Xie, Mingchao, Xing, Xiaoyun, Xu, Iris, Xuan, Zhenyu, Ye, Zhen, Yen, Chia-an, Yu, Pengzhi, Zhang, Xian, Zhang, Xiaolan, Zhao, Jianxin, Zhou, Yan, Zhu, Jiang, Zhu, Yun, Ziegler, Steven, Beaudet, Arthur E., Farnham, Peggy J., Haussler, David, Jones, Steven J. M., Marra, Marco A., Thomson, James A., Tsai, Li-Huei, Zhang, Michael Q., Chadwick, Lisa H., Bernstein, Bradley E., Ecker, Joseph R., Meissner, Alexander, Milosavljevic, Aleksandar, Ren, Bing, and Kellis, Manolis

Published
2015
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9. An integrated encyclopedia of DNA elements in the human genome

Author

Dunham, Ian, Kundaje, Anshul, Aldred, Shelley F., Collins, Patrick J., Davis, Carrie A., Doyle, Francis, Epstein, Charles B., Frietze, Seth, Harrow, Jennifer, Kaul, Rajinder, Khatun, Jainab, Lajoie, Bryan R., Landt, Stephen G., Lee, Bum-Kyu, Pauli, Florencia, Rosenbloom, Kate R., Sabo, Peter, Safi, Alexias, Sanyal, Amartya, Shoresh, Noam, Simon, Jeremy M., Song, Lingyun, Trinklein, Nathan D., Altshuler, Robert C., Birney, Ewan, Brown, James B., Cheng, Chao, Djebali, Sarah, Dong, Xianjun, Ernst, Jason, Furey, Terrence S., Gerstein, Mark, Giardine, Belinda, Greven, Melissa, Hardison, Ross C., Harris, Robert S., Herrero, Javier, Hoffman, Michael M., Iyer, Sowmya, Kellis, Manolis, Kheradpour, Pouya, Lassmann, Timo, Li, Qunhua, Lin, Xinying, Marinov, Georgi K., Merkel, Angelika, Mortazavi, Ali, Parker, Stephen C. J., Reddy, Timothy E., Rozowsky, Joel, Schlesinger, Felix, Thurman, Robert E., Wang, Jie, Ward, Lucas D., Whitfield, Troy W., Wilder, Steven P., Wu, Weisheng, Xi, Hualin S., Yip, Kevin Y., Zhuang, Jiali, Bernstein, Bradley E., Green, Eric D., Gunter, Chris, Snyder, Michael, Pazin, Michael J., Lowdon, Rebecca F., Dillon, Laura A. L., Adams, Leslie B., Kelly, Caroline J., Zhang, Julia, Wexler, Judith R., Good, Peter J., Feingold, Elise A., Crawford, Gregory E., Dekker, Job, Elnitski, Laura, Farnham, Peggy J., Giddings, Morgan C., Gingeras, Thomas R., Guigo, Roderic, Hubbard, Timothy J., Kent, W. James, Lieb, Jason D., Margulies, Elliott H., Myers, Richard M., Stamatoyannopoulos, John A., Tenenbaum, Scott A., Weng, Zhiping, White, Kevin P., Wold, Barbara, Yu, Yanbao, Wrobel, John, Risk, Brian A., Gunawardena, Harsha P., Kuiper, Heather C., Maier, Christopher W., Xie, Ling, Chen, Xian, Mikkelsen, Tarjei S., Gillespie, Shawn, Goren, Alon, Ram, Oren, Zhang, Xiaolan, Wang, Li, Issner, Robbyn, Coyne, Michael J., Durham, Timothy, Ku, Manching, Truong, Thanh, Eaton, Matthew L., Dobin, Alex, Tanzer, Andrea, Lagarde, Julien, Lin, Wei, Xue, Chenghai, Williams, Brian A., Zaleski, Chris, Roder, Maik, Kokocinski, Felix, Abdelhamid, Rehab F., Alioto, Tyler, Antoshechkin, Igor, Baer, Michael T., Batut, Philippe, Bell, Ian, Bell, Kimberly, Chakrabortty, Sudipto, Chrast, Jacqueline, Curado, Joao, Derrien, Thomas, Drenkow, Jorg, Dumais, Erica, Dumais, Jackie, Duttagupta, Radha, Fastuca, Megan, Fejes-Toth, Kata, Ferreira, Pedro, Foissac, Sylvain, Fullwood, Melissa J., Gao, Hui, Gonzalez, David, Gordon, Assaf, Howald, Cedric, Jha, Sonali, Johnson, Rory, Kapranov, Philipp, King, Brandon, Kingswood, Colin, Li, Guoliang, Luo, Oscar J., Park, Eddie, Preall, Jonathan B., Presaud, Kimberly, Ribeca, Paolo, Robyr, Daniel, Ruan, Xiaoan, Sammeth, Michael, Sandhu, Kuljeet Singh, Schaeffer, Lorain, See, Lei-Hoon, Shahab, Atif, Skancke, Jorgen, Suzuki, Ana Maria, Takahashi, Hazuki, Tilgner, Hagen, Trout, Diane, Walters, Nathalie, Wang, Huaien, Hayashizaki, Yoshihide, Reymond, Alexandre, Antonarakis, Stylianos E., Hannon, Gregory J., Ruan, Yijun, Carninci, Piero, Sloan, Cricket A., Learned, Katrina, Malladi, Venkat S., Wong, Matthew C., Barber, Galt P., Cline, Melissa S., Dreszer, Timothy R., Heitner, Steven G., Karolchik, Donna, Kirkup, Vanessa M., Meyer, Laurence R., Long, Jeffrey C., Maddren, Morgan, Raney, Brian J., Grasfeder, Linda L., Giresi, Paul G., Battenhouse, Anna, Sheffield, Nathan C., Showers, Kimberly A., London, Darin, Bhinge, Akshay A., Shestak, Christopher, Schaner, Matthew R., Ki Kim, Seul, Zhang, Zhuzhu Z., Mieczkowski, Piotr A., Mieczkowska, Joanna O., Liu, Zheng, McDaniell, Ryan M., Ni, Yunyun, Rashid, Naim U., Kim, Min Jae, Adar, Sheera, Zhang, Zhancheng, Wang, Tianyuan, Winter, Deborah, Keefe, Damian, Iyer, Vishwanath R., Zheng, Meizhen, Wang, Ping, Gertz, Jason, Vielmetter, Jost, Partridge, E., Varley, Katherine E., Gasper, Clarke, Bansal, Anita, Pepke, Shirley, Jain, Preti, Amrhein, Henry, Bowling, Kevin M., Anaya, Michael, Cross, Marie K., Muratet, Michael A., Newberry, Kimberly M., McCue, Kenneth, Nesmith, Amy S., Fisher-Aylor, Katherine I., Pusey, Barbara, DeSalvo, Gilberto, Parker, Stephanie L., Balasubramanian, Sreeram, Davis, Nicholas S., Meadows, Sarah K., Eggleston, Tracy, Newberry, J. Scott, Levy, Shawn E., Absher, Devin M., Wong, Wing H., Blow, Matthew J., Visel, Axel, Pennachio, Len A., Petrykowska, Hanna M., Abyzov, Alexej, Aken, Bronwen, Barrell, Daniel, Barson, Gemma, Berry, Andrew, Bignell, Alexandra, Boychenko, Veronika, Bussotti, Giovanni, Davidson, Claire, Despacio-Reyes, Gloria, Diekhans, Mark, Ezkurdia, Iakes, Frankish, Adam, Gilbert, James, Gonzalez, Jose Manuel, Griffiths, Ed, Harte, Rachel, Hendrix, David A., Hunt, Toby, Jungreis, Irwin, Kay, Mike, Khurana, Ekta, Leng, Jing, Lin, Michael F., Loveland, Jane, Lu, Zhi, Manthravadi, Deepa, Mariotti, Marco, Mudge, Jonathan, Mukherjee, Gaurab, Notredame, Cedric, Pei, Baikang, Rodriguez, Jose Manuel, Saunders, Gary, Sboner, Andrea, Searle, Stephen, Sisu, Cristina, Snow, Catherine, Steward, Charlie, Tapanari, Electra, Tress, Michael L., van Baren, Marijke J., Washietl, Stefan, Wilming, Laurens, Zadissa, Amonida, Zhang, Zhengdong, Brent, Michael, Haussler, David, Valencia, Alfonso, Addleman, Nick, Alexander, Roger P., Auerbach, Raymond K., Balasubramanian, Suganthi, Bettinger, Keith, Bhardwaj, Nitin, Boyle, Alan P., Cao, Alina R., Cayting, Philip, Charos, Alexandra, Cheng, Yong, Eastman, Catharine, Euskirchen, Ghia, Fleming, Joseph D., Grubert, Fabian, Habegger, Lukas, Hariharan, Manoj, Harmanci, Arif, Iyengar, Sushma, Jin, Victor X., Karczewski, Konrad J., Kasowski, Maya, Lacroute, Phil, Lam, Hugo, Lamarre-Vincent, Nathan, Lian, Jin, Lindahl-Allen, Marianne, Min, Renqiang, Miotto, Benoit, Monahan, Hannah, Moqtaderi, Zarmik, Mu, Xinmeng J., Ouyang, Zhengqing, Patacsil, Dorrelyn, Raha, Debasish, Ramirez, Lucia, Reed, Brian, Shi, Minyi, Slifer, Teri, Witt, Heather, Wu, Linfeng, Xu, Xiaoqin, Yan, Koon-Kiu, Yang, Xinqiong, Struhl, Kevin, Weissman, Sherman M., Penalva, Luiz O., Karmakar, Subhradip, Bhanvadia, Raj R., Choudhury, Alina, Domanus, Marc, Ma, Lijia, Moran, Jennifer, Victorsen, Alec, Auer, Thomas, Centanin, Lazaro, Eichenlaub, Michael, Gruhl, Franziska, Heermann, Stephan, Hoeckendorf, Burkhard, Inoue, Daigo, Kellner, Tanja, Kirchmaier, Stephan, Mueller, Claudia, Reinhardt, Robert, Schertel, Lea, Schneider, Stephanie, Sinn, Rebecca, Wittbrodt, Beate, Wittbrodt, Jochen, Partridge, E. Christopher, Jain, Gaurav, Balasundaram, Gayathri, Bates, Daniel L., Byron, Rachel, Canfield, Theresa K., Diegel, Morgan J., Dunn, Douglas, Ebersol, Abigail K., Frum, Tristan, Garg, Kavita, Gist, Erica, Hansen, R. Scott, Boatman, Lisa, Haugen, Eric, Humbert, Richard, Johnson, Audra K., Johnson, Ericka M., Kutyavin, Tattyana V., Lee, Kristen, Lotakis, Dimitra, Maurano, Matthew T., Neph, Shane J., Neri, Fiedencio V., Nguyen, Eric D., Qu, Hongzhu, Reynolds, Alex P., Roach, Vaughn, Rynes, Eric, Sanchez, Minerva E., Sandstrom, Richard S., Shafer, Anthony O., Stergachis, Andrew B., Thomas, Sean, Vernot, Benjamin, Vierstra, Jeff, Vong, Shinny, Weaver, Molly A., Yan, Yongqi, Zhang, Miaohua, Akey, Joshua M., Bender, Michael, Dorschner, Michael O., Groudine, Mark, MacCoss, Michael J., Navas, Patrick, Stamatoyannopoulos, George, Beal, Kathryn, Brazma, Alvis, Flicek, Paul, Johnson, Nathan, Lukk, Margus, Luscombe, Nicholas M., Sobral, Daniel, Vaquerizas, Juan M., Batzoglou, Serafim, Sidow, Arend, Hussami, Nadine, Kyriazopoulou-Panagiotopoulou, Sofia, Libbrecht, Max W., Schaub, Marc A., Miller, Webb, Bickel, Peter J., Banfai, Balazs, Boley, Nathan P., Huang, Haiyan, Li, Jingyi Jessica, Noble, William Stafford, Bilmes, Jeffrey A., Buske, Orion J., Sahu, Avinash D., Kharchenko, Peter V., Park, Peter J., Baker, Dannon, Taylor, James, and Lochovsky, Lucas

Subjects
Genetic research, Human genome -- Research, Genetic transcription -- Research, Environmental issues, Science and technology, Zoology and wildlife conservation
Abstract

The human genome encodes the blueprint of life, but the function of the vast majority of its nearly three billion bases is unknown. The Encyclopedia of DNA Elements (ENCODE) project has systematically mapped regions of transcription, transcription factor association, chromatin structure and histone modification. These data enabled us to assign biochemical functions for 80% of the genome, in particular outside of the well-studied protein-coding regions. Many discovered candidate regulatory elements are physically associated with one another and with expressed genes, providing new insights into the mechanisms of gene regulation. The newly identified elements also show a statistical correspondence to sequence variants linked to human disease, and can thereby guide interpretation of this variation. Overall, the project provides new insights into the organization and regulation of our genes and genome, and is an expansive resource of functional annotations for biomedical research., Author(s): The ENCODE Project Consortium; Overall coordination (data analysis coordination); Ian Dunham [2]; Anshul Kundaje [3, 82]; Data production leads (data production); Shelley F. Aldred [4]; Patrick J. Collins [4]; [...]

Published
2012
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10. The accessible chromatin landscape of the human genome

Author

Thurman, Robert E., Rynes, Eric, Humbert, Richard, Vierstra, Jeff, Maurano, Matthew T., Haugen, Eric, Sheffield, Nathan C., Stergachis, Andrew B., Vernot, Benjamin, Garg, Kavita, John, Sam, Sandstrom, Richard, Bates, Daniel, Boatman, Lisa, Canfield, Theresa K., Diegel, Morgan, Dunn, Douglas, Ebersol, Abigail K., Frum, Tristan, Giste, Erika, Johnson, Audra K., Johnson, Ericka M., Kutyavin, Tanya, Lajoie, Bryan, Lee, Bum-Kyu, Lee, Kristen, London, Darin, Lotakis, Dimitra, Neph, Shane, Neri, Fidencio, Nguyen, Eric D., Qu, Hongzhu, Reynolds, Alex P., Roach, Vaughn, Safi, Alexias, Sanchez, Minerva E., Sanyal, Amartya, Shafer, Anthony, Simon, Jeremy M., Song, Lingyun, Vong, Shinny, Weaver, Molly, Yan, Yongqi, Zhang, Zhancheng, Zhang, Zhuzhu, Lenhard, Boris, Tewari, Muneesh, Dorschner, Michael O., Hansen, R. Scott, Navas, Patrick A., Stamatoyannopoulos, George, Iyer, Vishwanath R., Lieb, Jason D., Sunyaev, Shamil R., Akey, Joshua M., Sabo, Peter J., Kaul, Rajinder, Furey, Terrence S., Dekker, Job, Crawford, Gregory E., and Stamatoyannopoulos, John A.

Subjects
Chromatin -- Physiological aspects, DNA -- Physiological aspects, Genetic research, Human genome -- Research, Environmental issues, Science and technology, Zoology and wildlife conservation
Abstract

DNase I hypersensitive sites (DHSs) are markers of regulatory DNA and have underpinned the discovery of all classes of cis-regulatory elements including enhancers, promoters, insulators, silencers and locus control regions. Here we present the first extensive map of human DHSs identified through genome-wide profiling in 125 diverse cell and tissue types. We identify [similar]2.9 million DHSs that encompass virtually all known experimentally validated cis-regulatory sequences and expose a vast trove of novel elements, most with highly cell-selective regulation. Annotating these elements using ENCODE data reveals novel relationships between chromatin accessibility, transcription, DNA methylation and regulatory factor occupancy patterns. We connect [similar]580,000 distal DHSs with their target promoters, revealing systematic pairing of different classes of distal DHSs and specific promoter types. Patterning of chromatin accessibility at many regulatory regions is organized with dozens to hundreds of co-activated elements, and the transcellular DNase I sensitivity pattern at a given region can predict cell-type-specific functional behaviours. The DHS landscape shows signatures of recent functional evolutionary constraint. However, the DHS compartment in pluripotent and immortalized cells exhibits higher mutation rates than that in highly differentiated cells, exposing an unexpected link between chromatin accessibility, proliferative potential and patterns of human variation., Author(s): Robert E. Thurman [1, 13]; Eric Rynes [1, 13]; Richard Humbert [1, 13]; Jeff Vierstra [1]; Matthew T. Maurano [1]; Eric Haugen [1]; Nathan C. Sheffield [2]; Andrew B. [...]

Published
2012
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11. Association of fragile X syndrome with delayed replication of the FMR1 gene

Author

Hansen, R. Scott, Canfield, Theresa K., Lamb, Mary M., Gartler, Stanley M., and Laird, Charles D.

Subjects
Fragile X syndrome -- Research, DNA, Nucleotide sequence -- Analysis, Biological sciences
Abstract

The probable function of X inactivation imprinting fragile X syndrome is analyzed to examine the late replication construct for fragile regions, and many other X-related loci are studied to establish whether fragile X mutations change replication timing at significant distances from FMR1. The predictions of retarded replication of alleles from affected males are confirmed. Delayed replication was evident on both sides of the CGG repeat, suggesting that the retarded timing of replication is not the immediate outcome of the sole replication fork delaying at the expanded CGG repeat.

Published
1993

12. Abnormal X : autosome ratio, but normal X chromosome inactivation in human triploid cultures

Author

Norwood Thomas H, Luo Ping, Varadarajan Kartik R, Gartler Stanley M, Canfield Theresa K, and Hansen R Scott

Subjects
Genetics, QH426-470
Abstract

Abstract Background X chromosome inactivation (XCI) is that aspect of mammalian dosage compensation that brings about equivalence of X-linked gene expression between females and males by inactivating one of the two X chromosomes (Xi) in normal female cells, leaving them with a single active X (Xa) as in male cells. In cells with more than two X's, but a diploid autosomal complement, all X's but one, Xa, are inactivated. This phenomenon is commonly thought to suggest 1) that normal development requires a ratio of one Xa per diploid autosomal set, and 2) that an early event in XCI is the marking of one X to be active, with remaining X's becoming inactivated by default. Results Triploids provide a test of these ideas because the ratio of one Xa per diploid autosomal set cannot be achieved, yet this abnormal ratio should not necessarily affect the one-Xa choice mechanism for XCI. Previous studies of XCI patterns in murine triploids support the single-Xa model, but human triploids mostly have two-Xa cells, whether they are XXX or XXY. The XCI patterns we observe in fibroblast cultures from different XXX human triploids suggest that the two-Xa pattern of XCI is selected for, and may have resulted from rare segregation errors or Xi reactivation. Conclusion The initial X inactivation pattern in human triploids, therefore, is likely to resemble the pattern that predominates in murine triploids, i.e., a single Xa, with the remaining X's inactive. Furthermore, our studies of XIST RNA accumulation and promoter methylation suggest that the basic features of XCI are normal in triploids despite the abnormal X:autosome ratio.

Published
2006
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13. Normal histone modifications on the inactive X chromosome in ICF and Rett syndrome cells: implications for methyl-CpG binding proteins

Author

Canfield Theresa K, Luo Ping, Varadarajan Kartik R, Gartler Stanley M, Traynor Jeff, Francke Uta, and Hansen R Scott

Subjects
Biology (General), QH301-705.5
Abstract

Abstract Background In mammals, there is evidence suggesting that methyl-CpG binding proteins may play a significant role in histone modification through their association with modification complexes that can deacetylate and/or methylate nucleosomes in the proximity of methylated DNA. We examined this idea for the X chromosome by studying histone modifications on the X chromosome in normal cells and in cells from patients with ICF syndrome (Immune deficiency, Centromeric region instability, and Facial anomalies syndrome). In normal cells the inactive X has characteristic silencing type histone modification patterns and the CpG islands of genes subject to X inactivation are hypermethylated. In ICF cells, however, genes subject to X inactivation are hypomethylated on the inactive X due to mutations in the DNA methyltransferase (DNMT3B) genes. Therefore, if DNA methylation is upstream of histone modification, the histones on the inactive X in ICF cells should not be modified to a silent form. In addition, we determined whether a specific methyl-CpG binding protein, MeCP2, is necessary for the inactive X histone modification pattern by studying Rett syndrome cells which are deficient in MeCP2 function. Results We show here that the inactive X in ICF cells, which appears to be hypomethylated at all CpG islands, exhibits normal histone modification patterns. In addition, in Rett cells with no functional MeCP2 methyl-CpG binding protein, the inactive X also exhibits normal histone modification patterns. Conclusions These data suggest that DNA methylation and the associated methyl-DNA binding proteins may not play a critical role in determining histone modification patterns on the mammalian inactive X chromosome at the sites analyzed.

Published
2004
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14. The accessible chromatin landscape of the human genome

Author

Dunn, Douglas, Lee, Bum-Kyu, Vierstra, Jeff, Johnson, Ericka M., Lee, Kristen, Humbert, Richard, Lotakis, Dimitra, Sandstrom, Richard, Maurano, Matthew T., Nguyen, Eric D., Johnson, Audra K., John, Sam, Boatman, Lisa, Frum, Tristan, Lajoie, Bryan, London, Darin, Diegel, Morgan, Sheffield, Nathan C., Stergachis, Andrew B., Wang, Hao, Neph, Shane, Giste, Erika, Thurman, Robert E., Canfield, Theresa K., Neri, Fidencio, Rynes, Eric, Vernot, Benjamin, Bates, Daniel, Haugen, Eric, Ebersol, Abigail K., Garg, Kavita, and Kutyavin, Tanya

Abstract

DNaseI hypersensitive sites (DHSs) are markers of regulatory DNA and have underpinned the discovery of all classes of cis-regulatory elements including enhancers, promoters, insulators, silencers, and locus control regions. Here we present the first extensive map of human DHSs identified through genome-wide profiling in 125 diverse cell and tissue types. We identify ~2.9 million DHSs that encompass virtually all known experimentally-validated cis-regulatory sequences and expose a vast trove of novel elements, most with highly cell-selective regulation. Annotating these elements using ENCODE data reveals novel relationships between chromatin accessibility, transcription, DNA methylation, and regulatory factor occupancy patterns. We connect ~580,000 distal DHSs with their target promoters, revealing systematic pairing of different classes of distal DHSs and specific promoter types. Patterning of chromatin accessibility at many regulatory regions is choreographed with dozens to hundreds of co-activated elements, and the trans-cellular DNaseI sensitivity pattern at a given region can predict cell type-specific functional behaviors. The DHS landscape shows signatures of recent functional evolutionary constraint. However, the DHS compartment in pluripotent and immortalized cells exhibits higher mutation rates than that in highly differentiated cells, exposing an unexpected link between chromatin accessibility, proliferative potential and patterns of human variation.

Published
2012
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15. Integrative analysis of 111 reference human epigenomes

Author

Roadmap Epigenomics Consortium, Kundaje, Anshul, Meuleman, Wouter, Ernst, Jason, Bilenky, Misha, Yen, Angela, Heravi-Moussavi, Alireza, Kheradpour, Pouya, Zhang, Zhizhuo, Wang, Jianrong, Ziller, Michael J., Amin, Viren, Whitaker, John W., Schultz, Matthew D., Ward, Lucas D., Sarkar, Abhishek, Quon, Gerald, Sandstrom, Richard S., Eaton, Matthew L., Wu, Yi-Chieh, Pfenning, Andreas R., Wang, Xinchen, Claussnitzer, Melina, Liu, Yaping, Coarfa, Cristian, Harris, R. Alan, Shoresh, Noam, Epstein, Charles B., Gjoneska, Elizabeta, Leung, Danny, Xie, Wei, Hawkins, R. David, Lister, Ryan, Hong, Chibo, Gascard, Philippe, Mungall, Andrew J., Moore, Richard, Chuah, Eric, Tam, Angela, Canfield, Theresa K., Hansen, R. Scott, Kaul, Rajinder, Sabo, Peter J., Bansal, Mukul S., Carles, Annaick, Dixon, Jesse R., Farh, Kai-How, Feizi, Soheil, Karlic, Rosa, Kim, Ah-Ram, Kulkarni, Ashwinikumar, Li, Daofeng, Lowdon, Rebecca, Elliott, GiNell, Mercer, Tim R., Neph, Shane J., Onuchic, Vitor, Polak, Paz, Rajagopal, Nisha, Ray, Pradipta, Sallari, Richard C., Siebenthall, Kyle T., Sinnott-Armstrong, Nicholas A., Stevens, Michael, Thurman, Robert E., Wu, Jie, Zhang, Bo, Zhou, Xin, Beaudet, Arthur E., Boyer, Laurie A., De Jager, Philip L., Farnham, Peggy J., Fisher, Susan J., Haussler, David, Jones, Steven J.M., Li, Wei, Marra, Marco A., McManus, Michael T., Sunyaev, Shamil, Thomson, James A., Tlsty, Thea D., Tsai, Li-Huei, Wang, Wei, Waterland, Robert A., Zhang, Michael Q., Chadwick, Lisa H., Bernstein, Bradley E., Costello, Joseph F., Ecker, Joseph R., Hirst, Martin, Meissner, Alexander, Milosavljevic, Aleksandar, Ren, Bing, Stamatoyannopoulos, John A., Wang, Ting, Kellis, Manolis, Roadmap Epigenomics Consortium, Kundaje, Anshul, Meuleman, Wouter, Ernst, Jason, Bilenky, Misha, Yen, Angela, Heravi-Moussavi, Alireza, Kheradpour, Pouya, Zhang, Zhizhuo, Wang, Jianrong, Ziller, Michael J., Amin, Viren, Whitaker, John W., Schultz, Matthew D., Ward, Lucas D., Sarkar, Abhishek, Quon, Gerald, Sandstrom, Richard S., Eaton, Matthew L., Wu, Yi-Chieh, Pfenning, Andreas R., Wang, Xinchen, Claussnitzer, Melina, Liu, Yaping, Coarfa, Cristian, Harris, R. Alan, Shoresh, Noam, Epstein, Charles B., Gjoneska, Elizabeta, Leung, Danny, Xie, Wei, Hawkins, R. David, Lister, Ryan, Hong, Chibo, Gascard, Philippe, Mungall, Andrew J., Moore, Richard, Chuah, Eric, Tam, Angela, Canfield, Theresa K., Hansen, R. Scott, Kaul, Rajinder, Sabo, Peter J., Bansal, Mukul S., Carles, Annaick, Dixon, Jesse R., Farh, Kai-How, Feizi, Soheil, Karlic, Rosa, Kim, Ah-Ram, Kulkarni, Ashwinikumar, Li, Daofeng, Lowdon, Rebecca, Elliott, GiNell, Mercer, Tim R., Neph, Shane J., Onuchic, Vitor, Polak, Paz, Rajagopal, Nisha, Ray, Pradipta, Sallari, Richard C., Siebenthall, Kyle T., Sinnott-Armstrong, Nicholas A., Stevens, Michael, Thurman, Robert E., Wu, Jie, Zhang, Bo, Zhou, Xin, Beaudet, Arthur E., Boyer, Laurie A., De Jager, Philip L., Farnham, Peggy J., Fisher, Susan J., Haussler, David, Jones, Steven J.M., Li, Wei, Marra, Marco A., McManus, Michael T., Sunyaev, Shamil, Thomson, James A., Tlsty, Thea D., Tsai, Li-Huei, Wang, Wei, Waterland, Robert A., Zhang, Michael Q., Chadwick, Lisa H., Bernstein, Bradley E., Costello, Joseph F., Ecker, Joseph R., Hirst, Martin, Meissner, Alexander, Milosavljevic, Aleksandar, Ren, Bing, Stamatoyannopoulos, John A., Wang, Ting, and Kellis, Manolis

Abstract

The reference human genome sequence set the stage for studies of genetic variation and its association with human disease, but epigenomic studies lack a similar reference. To address this need, the NIH Roadmap Epigenomics Consortium generated the largest collection so far of human epigenomes for primary cells and tissues. Here we describe the integrative analysis of 111 reference human epigenomes generated as part of the programme, profiled for histone modification patterns, DNA accessibility, DNA methylation and RNA expression. We establish global maps of regulatory elements, define regulatory modules of coordinated activity, and their likely activators and repressors. We show that disease-and trait-associated genetic variants are enriched in tissue-specific epigenomic marks, revealing biologically relevant cell types for diverse human traits, and providing a resource for interpreting the molecular basis of human disease. Our results demonstrate the central role of epigenomic information for understanding gene regulation, cellular differentiation and human disease. © 2015 Macmillan Publishers Limited.

Published
2015

16. DNase I hypersensitivity analysis of the mouse brain and retina identifies region-specific regulatory elements

Author

Wilken, Matthew S, primary, Brzezinski, Joseph A, additional, La Torre, Anna, additional, Siebenthall, Kyle, additional, Thurman, Robert, additional, Sabo, Peter, additional, Sandstrom, Richard S, additional, Vierstra, Jeff, additional, Canfield, Theresa K, additional, Hansen, R Scott, additional, Bender, Michael A, additional, Stamatoyannopoulos, John, additional, and Reh, Thomas A, additional

Published
2015
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17. Genome-Scale Mapping of DNase I Hypersensitivity

Author

John, Sam, primary, Sabo, Peter J., additional, Canfield, Theresa K., additional, Lee, Kristen, additional, Vong, Shinny, additional, Weaver, Molly, additional, Wang, Hao, additional, Vierstra, Jeff, additional, Reynolds, Alex P., additional, Thurman, Robert E., additional, and Stamatoyannopoulos, John A., additional

Published
2013
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19. Comprehensive analysis of the chromatin landscape in Drosophila melanogaster

Author

Kharchenko, Peter V., primary, Alekseyenko, Artyom A., additional, Schwartz, Yuri B., additional, Minoda, Aki, additional, Riddle, Nicole C., additional, Ernst, Jason, additional, Sabo, Peter J., additional, Larschan, Erica, additional, Gorchakov, Andrey A., additional, Gu, Tingting, additional, Linder-Basso, Daniela, additional, Plachetka, Annette, additional, Shanower, Gregory, additional, Tolstorukov, Michael Y., additional, Luquette, Lovelace J., additional, Xi, Ruibin, additional, Jung, Youngsook L., additional, Park, Richard W., additional, Bishop, Eric P., additional, Canfield, Theresa K., additional, Sandstrom, Richard, additional, Thurman, Robert E., additional, MacAlpine, David M., additional, Stamatoyannopoulos, John A., additional, Kellis, Manolis, additional, Elgin, Sarah C. R., additional, Kuroda, Mitzi I., additional, Pirrotta, Vincenzo, additional, Karpen, Gary H., additional, and Park, Peter J., additional

Published
2010
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22. Normal histone modifications on the inactive X chromosome in ICF and Rett syndrome cells: implications for methyl-CpG binding proteins.

Author

Gartler, Stanley M., Varadarajan, Kartik R., Ping Luo, Canfield, Theresa K., Traynor, Jeff, Francke, Uta, and Hansen, R. Scott

Subjects
HISTONES, X chromosome, CELLS, IMMUNOLOGICAL deficiency syndromes, RETT syndrome, METHYLTRANSFERASES, METHYLATION, CARRIER proteins
Abstract

Background: In mammals, there is evidence suggesting that methyl-CpG binding proteins may play a significant role in histone modification through their association with modification complexes that can deacetylate and/or methylate nucleosomes in the proximity of methylated DNA. We examined this idea for the X chromosome by studying histone modifications on the X chromosome in normal cells and in cells from patients with ICF syndrome (I̠mmune deficiency, ̲entromeric region instability, and Facial anomalies syndrome). In normal cells the inactive X has characteristic silencing type histone modification patterns and the CpG islands of genes subject to X inactivation are hypermethylated. In ICF cells, however, genes subject to X inactivation are hypomethylated on the inactive X due to mutations in the DNA methyltransferase (DNMT3B) genes. Therefore, if DNA methylation is upstream of histone modification, the histones on the inactive X in ICF cells should not be modified to a silent form. In addition, we determined whether a specific methyl-CpG binding protein, MeCP2, is necessary for the inactive X histone modification pattern by studying Rett syndrome cells which are deficient in MeCP2 function. Results: We show here that the inactive X in ICF cells, which appears to be hypomethylated at all CpG islands, exhibits normal histone modification patterns. In addition, in Rett cells with no functional MeCP2 methyl-CpG binding protein, the inactive X also exhibits normal histone modification patterns. Conclusions: These data suggest that DNA methylation and the associated methyl-DNA binding proteins may not play a critical role in determining histone modification patterns on the mammalian inactive X chromosome at the sites analyzed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2004
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23. Integrative analysis of 111 reference human epigenomes

Author

Kundaje, Anshul, Meuleman, Wouter, Ernst, Jason, Bilenky, Misha, Yen, Angela, Kheradpour, Pouya, Zhang, Zhizhuo, Heravi-Moussavi, Alireza, Liu, Yaping, Amin, Viren, Ziller, Michael J, Whitaker, John W, Schultz, Matthew D, Sandstrom, Richard S, Eaton, Matthew L, Wu, Yi-Chieh, Wang, Jianrong, Ward, Lucas D, Sarkar, Abhishek, Quon, Gerald, Pfenning, Andreas, Wang, Xinchen, Claussnitzer, Melina, Coarfa, Cristian, Harris, R Alan, Shoresh, Noam, Epstein, Charles B, Gjoneska, Elizabeta, Leung, Danny, Xie, Wei, Hawkins, R David, Lister, Ryan, Hong, Chibo, Gascard, Philippe, Mungall, Andrew J, Moore, Richard, Chuah, Eric, Tam, Angela, Canfield, Theresa K, Hansen, R Scott, Kaul, Rajinder, Sabo, Peter J, Bansal, Mukul S, Carles, Annaick, Dixon, Jesse R, Farh, Kai-How, Feizi, Soheil, Karlic, Rosa, Kim, Ah-Ram, Kulkarni, Ashwinikumar, Li, Daofeng, Lowdon, Rebecca, Mercer, Tim R, Neph, Shane J, Onuchic, Vitor, Polak, Paz, Rajagopal, Nisha, Ray, Pradipta, Sallari, Richard C, Siebenthall, Kyle T, Sinnott-Armstrong, Nicholas, Stevens, Michael, Thurman, Robert E, Wu, Jie, Zhang, Bo, Zhou, Xin, Beaudet, Arthur E, Boyer, Laurie A, De Jager, Philip, Farnham, Peggy J, Fisher, Susan J, Haussler, David, Jones, Steven, Li, Wei, Marra, Marco, McManus, Michael T, Sunyaev, Shamil, Thomson, James A, Tlsty, Thea D, Tsai, Li-Huei, Wang, Wei, Waterland, Robert A, Zhang, Michael, Chadwick, Lisa H, Bernstein, Bradley E, Costello, Joseph F, Ecker, Joseph R, Hirst, Martin, Meissner, Alexander, Milosavljevic, Aleksandar, Ren, Bing, Stamatoyannopoulos, John A, Wang, Ting, and Kellis, Manolis

Abstract

The reference human genome sequence set the stage for studies of genetic variation and its association with human disease, but a similar reference has lacked for epigenomic studies. To address this need, the NIH Roadmap Epigenomics Consortium generated the largest collection to-date of human epigenomes for primary cells and tissues. Here, we describe the integrative analysis of 111 reference human epigenomes generated as part of the program, profiled for histone modification patterns, DNA accessibility, DNA methylation, and RNA expression. We establish global maps of regulatory elements, define regulatory modules of coordinated activity, and their likely activators and repressors. We show that disease and trait-associated genetic variants are enriched in tissue-specific epigenomic marks, revealing biologically-relevant cell types for diverse human traits, and providing a resource for interpreting the molecular basis of human disease. Our results demonstrate the central role of epigenomic information for understanding gene regulation, cellular differentiation, and human disease.

Published
2015
Full Text
View/download PDF

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