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5. Vertical HIV-1 transmission correlates with a high maternal viral load at delivery

Author

Coll, O., Hernandez, M., Boucher, C.A.B., Fortuny, C., De Tejada, B.M., Canet, Y., Caragol, I., Tijnagel, J., Bertran, J.M., and Espanol, T.

Subjects
HIV infection in pregnancy, Viremia -- Measurement, HIV (Viruses) -- Measurement, Health
Abstract

High blood levels of HIV-1 in pregnant women at delivery appears to be the greatest risk factor for transmitting the virus to the newborn infant. Researchers took blood samples taken from 67 pregnant women at delivery and tested the samples for HIV-1 RNA and the viral antigen p24. The 69 infants were followed up to the age of 18 months. The transmission rate in the group was 25%. Women with high viral RNA counts and low CD4 counts were more likely to transmit the virus. High viral counts are probably the most important risk factor, since zidovudine can reduce the transmission rate.

Published
1997

6. Duration of ruptured membranes and vertical transmission of HIV-1: a meta-analysis from 15 prospective cohort studies

Author

Bulterys, M. B., Fowler, M. G., Hanson, I. C., Lemay, M., Mayaux, M. J., Mofenson, L., Newell, M. -L., Peavy, H., Peckham, C., Read, J. S., Rother, C., Simpson, B. J., Van Dyke, R. B., Harris, D. R., Peavy, H. H., Easley, K., Khammy, A., Nugent, R. P., Mitchell, R., Owen, W., Van Dyke, R., Widmayer, S., Bardeguez, A., Hanson, C., Wiznia, A., Luzuriaga, K., Viscarello, R., Ho, D., Koup, R., Chen, I., Krogstad, P., Mullins, J., Wolinsky, S., Korber, B., Walker, B., Ammann, A., Clapp, S., Mcdonald, D., Lapointe, N., Boucher, M., Fauvel, M., Hankins, C., Samson, J., Newell, M. L., Peckham, C. S., Thorne, C. N., Giaquinto, C., Ruga, E., De Rossi, A., Truscia, D., Grosch-Worner, I., Schafer, A., Mok, J., Johnstone, F., Jiminez, J., de Alba, C., Garcia Rodriguez, M. C., Bates, I., de Josee, I., Hawkins, F., Martinez Zapico, R., Pena, J. M., Gonzalez Garcia, J., Arribas Lopez, J. R., Asensi-Botet, F., Otero, M. C., Peerez-Tamarit, D., Moya, A., Galbis, M. J., Scherpbier, H., Boer, K., Bohlin, A. B., Lindgren, S., Anzen, B., Belfrage, E., Lidin-Jansson, G., Levy, J., Barlow, P., Hainaut, M., Peltier, A., Ferrazin, A., De Maria, A., Gotta, C., Mur, A., Vinolas, M., Paya, A., Loepez-Vilchez, M. A., Coll, O., Fortuny, C., Boguna, J., Casellas Caro, M., Canet, Y., Pardi, G., Ravizza, M., Semprini, E., Castagna, C., Fiore, S., Guerra, B., Lanari, M., Bianchi, S., Bovicelli, L., Prati, E., Zanelli, S., Duse, M., Soresina, A., Scaravelli, G., Stegagno, M., De Santis, M., Muggiasca, M. L., Vigano, A., Spinillo, A., Ravagni Probizer, F., Bucceri, A., Rancilio, L., Taylor, G. P., Lyall, H., Penn, Z., Blott, M., Valerius, N. H., Martinelli, P., Buffolano, W., Tibaldi, C., Ziarati, N., Semprini, A., Della Torre, M., Parazzini, F., Dallacasa, P., Bianchi, U., Pachi, A., Mancuso, S., Villa, P., Conti, M., Principi, N., Muggiasca, M., Marchisio, P., Zara, C., Ravagni, F., Vignali, M., Rossi, G., Selvaggi, L., Greco, P., Vimercati, A., Massi, G., Innocenti, T., Fiscella, A., Sansone, M., Benedetto, C., Tadrist, B., Thevenieau, D., Gondry, J., Paulard, B., Alisy, C., Brault, D., Tordjeman, N., Mamou, J., Rozan, M., Colombani, D., Pincemaille, O., Salvetti, A., Chabanier, C., Hernandorena, X., Leroy, J., Schaal, J., Balde, P., Faucher, P., Lachassinne, E., Benoit, S., Douard, D., Hocke, C., Barjot, P., Brouard, J., Delattre, P., Stien, L., Audibert, F., Labrune, P., Vial, M., Mazy, F., Sitbon, D., Crenn-Hebert, C., Floch-Tudal, C., Akakpo, R., Daveau, C., Leblanc, A., Cesbron, P., Duval-Arnould, M., Huraux-Rendu, C., Lemerle, S., Touboul, C., Guerin, M., Maingueneau, C., Reynaud, I., Rousseau, T., Ercoil, V., Lanza, M., Denavit, M., Garnier, J., Lahsinat, K., Pia, P., Allouche, C., Nardou, M., Grall, F., May, A., Dallot, M., Lhuillier, P., Cecile, W., Mezin, R., Bech, A., Lobut, J., Algava, G., Chalvon Dermesay, A., Busuttil, R., Jacquemot, M., Bader-Meunier, B., Fridman, S., Codaccioni, X., Maxingue, F., Thomas, D., Alain, J., De Lumley, L., Tabaste, J., Bailly Salin, P., Seaume, H., Guichard, A., Kebaill, K., Roussouly, C., Botto, C., De Lanete, A., Wipff, P., Cravello, L., De Boisse, P., Leclaire, M., Michel, G., Crumiere, C., Lefevre, V., Le Lorier, B., Pauly, I., Robichez, B., Seguy, D., Delhinger, M., Rideau, F., Talon, P., Benos, P., Huret, C., Nicolas, J., Heller-Roussin, B., Saint-Leger, S., Delaporte, M., Hubert, C., De Sarcus, B., Karoubi, P., Mechinaud, F., Bertcrottiere, D., Bongain, A., Monpoux, F., De Gennes, C., Devianne, F., Nisand, I., Rousset, M., Mouchnino, G., Muray, J., Munzer, M., Quereux, C., Brossard, V., Clavier, B., Allemon, M., Rotten, D., Stephan, J., Varlet, M., Guyot, B., Narcy, P., Bardinet, F., De Caunes, F., Jeny, R., Robin, M., Raison Boulley, A., Savey, L., Berrebi, A., Tricoire, J., Borderon, J., Fignon, A., Guillot, F., Maria, B., Broyard, A., Chitrit, Y., Firtion, G., Mandelbrot, L., Lafay Pillet, M., Parat, S., Boissinot, C., Garec, N., Levine, M., Ottenwalter, A., Schaller, F., Vilmer, E., Courpotin, C., Brunner, C., Ciraru-Vigneron, N., Hatem-Gantzer, G., Fritel, X., Wallet, A., Bouille, J., Milliez, J., Bensaid Mrejen, D., Dermer, E., Noseda, G., Bardou, D., Cressaty, J., Francoual, C., Carlus Moncomble, C., Cohen, H., Blanche, S., Bastion, H., Benifla, J., Benkhatar, F., Berkane, N., Hervee, F., Ronzier, M., Mayaux, Mj., de Martino, M., Tovo, P. -A., Galli, L., Gabiano, C., Ferraris, G., Garetto, S., Palomba, E., Riva, C., Vierucci, A., de Luca, M., Farina, S., Fundaro, C., Genovese, O., Mereu, G., Forni, G. L., Casadei, A., Zuccotti, G. V., Riva, E., Cellini, M., Baraldi, C., Consolini, R., Palla, G., Ruggeri, M., Ciccimarra, F., Guarino, A., Osimani, P., Benaglia, G., Romano, A., De Mattia, D., Caselli, D., Boni, S., Dell'Erba, G., Bassanetti, F., Sticca, M., Timpano, C., Magnani, C., Salvatore, C., Lipreri, R., Tornaghi, R., Pinzani, R., Cecchi, M. T., Bezzi, T., Battisti, L., Bresciani, E., Castelli Gattinara, G., Nasi, C., Pellegatta, A., Mazza, A., Baldi, F., Altobelli, R., Deiana, M., Colnaghi, C., Tarallo, L., Tondo, U., Anastasio, E., Chiriaco, P. G., Ruggeri, C., Scott, G., Hutto, C., O'Sullivan, M., Malmsberry, A., Willoughby, A., Burns, D., Goedert, J., Landesman, S., Minkoff, H., Mendez, H., Holman, S., Rubinstein, A., Durako, S., Muenz, L., Goodwin, S., Bryson, Y., Dillon, M., Nielsen, K., Boyer, P., Liao, D., Keller, M., Deveikis, A., Nesheim, S., Lindsay, M., Lee, F., Nahmias, A., Sawyer, M., Vink, P., Farley, J., Alger, L., Abrams, E., Bamji, M., Lambert, G., Schoenbaum, E., Thomas, P., Weedon, J., Palumbo, P., Denny, T., Oleske, J., Bulterys, M., Simonds, R., Ethier-Ives, J., Rogers, M., Schluchter, M., Kutner, M., Kaplan, S., Kattan, M., Lipshultz, S., Mellins, R., Shearer, W., Sopko, G., Sloand, E., Wu, M., Kind, C., Nadal, D., Rudin, C., Siegrist, C. -A., Wyler, C. -A., Cheseaux, J. -J., Aebi, C., Gnehm, H., Schubiger, G., Klingler, J., Hunziker, U., Kuchler, H., Gianinazzi, M., Buhlmann, U., Biedermann, K., Lauper, U., Irion, O., Brunelli, A., Spoletini, G., Schreyer, A., Hosli, I., Saurenmann, E., Drack, G., Isenschmid, M., Poorbeik, M., Schupbach, J., Perrin, L., Erb, P., Joller, H., Kovacs, A., Stek, A., Chan, L., Khoury, M., Diaz, C., Pacheco-Acosta, E., Tuomala, R., Cooper, E., Mesthene, D., Pitt, J., Higgins, A., Moroso, G., Rich, K., Turpin, D., Cooper, N., Davenny, K., Thompson, B., Andiman, W., Simpson, J., THE INTERNATIONAL PERINATAL HIV, Group, Martinelli, Pasquale, Bulterys M.B., Fowler M.G., Hanson I.C., Lemay M., Mayaux M.J., Mofenson L., Newell M.-L., Peavy H., Peckham C., Read J.S., Rother C., Simpson B.J., Van Dyke R.B., Harris D.R., Peavy H.H., Easley K., Khammy A., Nugent R.P., Mitchell R., Owen W., Van Dyke R., Widmayer S., Bardeguez A., Hanson C., Wiznia A., Luzuriaga K., Viscarello R., Ho D., Koup R., Chen I., Krogstad P., Mullins J., Wolinsky S., Korber B., Walker B., Ammann A., Clapp S., McDonald D., Lapointe N., Boucher M., Fauvel M., Hankins C., Samson J., Newell M.L., Peckham C.S., Thorne C.N., Giaquinto C., Ruga E., De Rossi A., Truscia D., Grosch-Worner I., Schafer A., Mok J., Johnstone F., Jiminez J., de Alba C., Garcia Rodriguez M.C., Bates I., de Josee I., Hawkins F., Martinez Zapico R., Pena J.M., Gonzalez Garcia J., Arribas Lopez J.R., Asensi-Botet F., Otero M.C., Peerez-Tamarit D., Moya A., Galbis M.J., Scherpbier H., Boer K., Bohlin A.B., Lindgren S., Anzen B., Belfrage E., Lidin-Jansson G., Levy J., Barlow P., Hainaut M., Peltier A., Ferrazin A., De Maria A., Gotta C., Mur A., Vinolas M., Paya A., Loepez-Vilchez M.A., Coll O., Fortuny C., Boguna J., Casellas Caro M., Canet Y., Pardi G., Ravizza M., Semprini E., Castagna C., Fiore S., Guerra B., Lanari M., Bianchi S., Bovicelli L., Prati E., Zanelli S., Duse M., Soresina A., Scaravelli G., Stegagno M., De Santis M., Muggiasca M.L., Vigano A., Spinillo A., Ravagni Probizer F., Bucceri A., Rancilio L., Taylor G.P., Lyall H., Penn Z., Blott M., Valerius N.H., Martinelli P., Buffolano W., Tibaldi C., Ziarati N., Semprini A., Della Torre M., Parazzini F., Dallacasa P., Bianchi U., Pachi A., Mancuso S., Villa P., Conti M., Principi N., Muggiasca M., Marchisio P., Zara C., Ravagni F., Vignali M., Rossi G., Selvaggi L., Greco P., Vimercati A., Massi G., Innocenti T., Fiscella A., Sansone M., Benedetto C., Tadrist B., Thevenieau D., Gondry J., Paulard B., Alisy C., Brault D., Tordjeman N., Mamou J., Rozan M., Colombani D., Pincemaille O., Salvetti A., Chabanier C., Hernandorena X., Leroy J., Schaal J., Balde P., Faucher P., Lachassinne E., Benoit S., Douard D., Hocke C., Barjot P., Brouard J., Delattre P., Stien L., Audibert F., Labrune P., Vial M., Mazy F., Sitbon D., Crenn-Hebert C., Floch-Tudal C., Akakpo R., Daveau C., Leblanc A., Cesbron P., Duval-Arnould M., Huraux-Rendu C., Lemerle S., Touboul C., Guerin M., Maingueneau C., Reynaud I., Rousseau T., Ercoil V., Lanza M., Denavit M., Garnier J., Lahsinat K., Pia P., Allouche C., Nardou M., Grall F., May A., Dallot M., Lhuillier P., Cecile W., Mezin R., Bech A., Lobut J., Algava G., Chalvon Dermesay A., Busuttil R., Jacquemot M., Bader-Meunier B., Fridman S., Codaccioni X., Maxingue F., Thomas D., Alain J., De Lumley L., Tabaste J., Bailly Salin P., Seaume H., Guichard A., Kebaill K., Roussouly C., Botto C., De Lanete A., Wipff P., Cravello L., De Boisse P., Leclaire M., Michel G., Crumiere C., Lefevre V., Le Lorier B., Pauly I., Robichez B., Seguy D., Delhinger M., Rideau F., Talon P., Benos P., Huret C., Nicolas J., Heller-Roussin B., Saint-Leger S., Delaporte M., Hubert C., De Sarcus B., Karoubi P., Mechinaud F., Bertcrottiere D., Bongain A., Monpoux F., De Gennes C., Devianne F., Nisand I., Rousset M., Mouchnino G., Muray J., Munzer M., Quereux C., Brossard V., Clavier B., Allemon M., Rotten D., Stephan J., Varlet M., Guyot B., Narcy P., Bardinet F., De Caunes F., Jeny R., Robin M., Raison Boulley A., Savey L., Berrebi A., Tricoire J., Borderon J., Fignon A., Guillot F., Maria B., Broyard A., Chitrit Y., Firtion G., Mandelbrot L., Lafay Pillet M., Parat S., Boissinot C., Garec N., Levine M., Ottenwalter A., Schaller F., Vilmer E., Courpotin C., Brunner C., Ciraru-Vigneron N., Hatem-Gantzer G., Fritel X., Wallet A., Bouille J., Milliez J., Bensaid Mrejen D., Dermer E., Noseda G., Bardou D., Cressaty J., Francoual C., Carlus Moncomble C., Cohen H., Blanche S., Bastion H., Benifla J., Benkhatar F., Berkane N., Hervee F., Ronzier M., Mayaux MJ., de Martino M., Tovo P.-A., Galli L., Gabiano C., Ferraris G., Garetto S., Palomba E., Riva C., Vierucci A., de Luca M., Farina S., Fundaro C., Genovese O., Mereu G., Forni G.L., Casadei A., Zuccotti G.V., Riva E., Cellini M., Baraldi C., Consolini R., Palla G., Ruggeri M., Ciccimarra F., Guarino A., Osimani P., Benaglia G., Romano A., De Mattia D., Caselli D., Boni S., Dell'Erba G., Bassanetti F., Sticca M., Timpano C., Magnani C., Salvatore C., Lipreri R., Tornaghi R., Pinzani R., Cecchi M.T., Bezzi T., Battisti L., Bresciani E., Castelli Gattinara G., Nasi C., Pellegatta A., Mazza A., Baldi F., Altobelli R., Deiana M., Colnaghi C., Tarallo L., Tondo U., Anastasio E., Chiriaco P.G., Ruggeri C., Scott G., Hutto C., O'Sullivan M., Malmsberry A., Willoughby A., Burns D., Goedert J., Landesman S., Minkoff H., Mendez H., Holman S., Rubinstein A., Durako S., Muenz L., Goodwin S., Bryson Y., Dillon M., Nielsen K., Boyer P., Liao D., Keller M., Deveikis A., Nesheim S., Lindsay M., Lee F., Nahmias A., Sawyer M., Vink P., Farley J., Alger L., Abrams E., Bamji M., Lambert G., Schoenbaum E., Thomas P., Weedon J., Palumbo P., Denny T., Oleske J., Bulterys M., Simonds R., Ethier-Ives J., Rogers M., Schluchter M., Kutner M., Kaplan S., Kattan M., Lipshultz S., Mellins R., Shearer W., Sopko G., Sloand E., Wu M., Kind C., Nadal D., Rudin C., Siegrist C.-A., Wyler C.-A., Cheseaux J.-J., Aebi C., Gnehm H., Schubiger G., Klingler J., Hunziker U., Kuchler H., Gianinazzi M., Buhlmann U., Biedermann K., Lauper U., Irion O., Brunelli A., Spoletini G., Schreyer A., Hosli I., Saurenmann E., Drack G., Isenschmid M., Poorbeik M., Schupbach J., Perrin L., Erb P., Joller H., Kovacs A., Stek A., Chan L., Khoury M., Diaz C., Pacheco-Acosta E., Tuomala R., Cooper E., Mesthene D., Pitt J., Higgins A., Moroso G., Rich K., Turpin D., Cooper N., Davenny K., Thompson B., Andiman W., and Simpson J.

Subjects
Time Factors, Epidemiology, Infectious Disease Transmission, Prevention of perinatal transmission, Extraembryonic Membranes, Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), HIV Infections, medicine.disease_cause, Cohort Studies, Pregnancy, Risk Factors, INFECTION, Vertical, Immunology and Allergy, HIV Infection, MOTHER-TO-CHILD, Pregnancy Complications, Infectious, Prospective cohort study, prevention of perinatal transmission, vertical transmission, obstetrics/gynaecology, epidemiology, Obstetrics, Transmission (medicine), Infectious, HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS, MOTHER-TO-CHILD, ZIDOVUDINE PROPHYLAXIS, RISK-FACTORS, TYPE-1, PREGNANCY, INFECTION, TRIAL, PREVENTION, Breast Feeding, Infectious Diseases, Meta-analysis, HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS, Vertical transmission, Regression Analysis, TRIAL, Female, Delivery, Obstetrics gynaecology, Human, medicine.medical_specialty, Time Factor, Ruptured membranes, Immunology, Regression Analysi, NO, ZIDOVUDINE PROPHYLAXIS, Extraembryonic Membrane, medicine, Humans, TYPE-1, business.industry, Risk Factor, Infant, Newborn, Infant, Obstetric, Delivery, Obstetric, Newborn, PREVENTION, Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical, Pregnancy Complications, Obstetrics/gynaecology, RISK-FACTORS, Cohort Studie, business
Abstract

Objective: To test the a priori hypothesis that longer duration of ruptured membranes is associated with increased risk of vertical transmission of HIV. Design: The relationship between duration of ruptured membranes and vertical transmission of HIV was evaluated in an individual patient data meta-analysis. Methods: Eligible studies were prospective cohort studies including at least 100 mother-child pairs, from regions where HIV-infected women are counselled not to breastfeed. Analyses were restricted to vaginal deliveries and non-elective Cesarean sections; elective Cesarean section deliveries (those performed before onset of labour and before rupture of membranes) were excluded. Results: The primary analysis included 4721 deliveries with duration of ruptured membranes ≤ 24 h. After adjusting for other factors known to be associated with vertical transmission using logistic regression analysis to assess the strength of the relationship, the risk of vertical HIV transmission increased approximately 2% with an increase of 1 h in the duration of ruptured membranes [adjusted odds ratio, 1.02; 95% confidence interval, 1.01-1.04; for each 1 h increment]. There were no significant interactions of duration of ruptured membranes with study cohort or with any of the covariates, except maternal AIDS. Among women diagnosed with AIDS, the estimated probability of transmission increased from 8% to 31% with duration of ruptured membranes of 2 h and 24 h respectively (P < 0.01). Conclusions: These results support the importance of duration of ruptured membranes as a risk factor for vertical transmission of HIV and suggest that a diagnosis of AIDS in the mother at the time of delivery may potentiate the effect of duration of ruptured membranes. © 2001 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.

Published
2001
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7. Combination antiretroviral therapy and duration of pregnancy

Author

Aebi, C, Battegay, M, Bernasconi, E, Biedermann, K, Cheseaux, JJ, Drack, G, Erb, P, Flepp, M, Francioli, P, Furrer, HJ, Gianinazzi, MP, Gyr, T, Hirschel, B, Hosli, I, Hug, I, Irion, O, Keller, K, Kind, C, Laubereau, B, Lauper, U, Lorenzi, P, Matter, L, Nadal, D, Perrin, L, Rickenbach, M, Rudin, C, Schreyer, A, Schupbach, J, Telenti, A, Vernazza, P, Wolf, K, Wunder, D, Wyler, CA, Giaquinto, C, Ruga, E, De Rossi, A, Grosch-Worner, I, Seel, K, Schafer, A, Mok, J, Johnstone, F, Jimenez, J, Garcia-Rodriguez, MC, Bates, I, de Jose, I, Hawkins, F, de Gevara, CL, Pena, JM, Garcia, JG, Lopez, JRA, Asensi-Botet, F, Otero, MC, Perez-Tamarit, D, Ridaura, S, Gregori, P, de la Torre, R, Scherpbier, H, Kreyenbroek, M, Boer, K, Bohlin, AB, Lindgren, S, Ehrnst, A, Belfrage, E, Lidman, K, Christensson, B, Levy, J, Hainaut, M, Peltier, A, Barlow, P, Wibaut, S, Lecroart, MC, Ferrazin, A, Bassetti, D, De Maria, A, Gotta, C, Mur, A, Paya, A, Vinolas, M, Lopez-Vilchez, MA, Martinez-Gomez, P, Carreras, R, Coll, O, Fortuny-Guasch C, Boguna, J, Caro, MC, Canet, Y, Pardi, G, Ravizza, M, Guerra, B, Lanari, M, Bianchi, S, Bovicelli, L, Prati, E, Duse, M, Scaravelli, G, Stegagno, M, De Santis, M, Semprini, AE, Savasi, V, Vigano, A, Probizer, FR, Maccabruni, A, Bucceri, A, Rancilio, L, Taylor, GP, Lyall, H, Penn, Z, Valerius, NH, Martinelli, P, Buffolano, W, Sansone, M, Tibaldi, C, Ziarati, N, Benedetto, C, Niemiec, T, Horban, A, Newell M.-L., Aebi C., Battegay M., Bernasconi E., Biedermann K., Cheseaux J.-J., Drack G., Erb P., Flepp M., Francioli P., Furrer H.J., Gianinazzi M.-P., Gyr T., Hirschel B., Hosli I., Hug I., Irion O., Keller K., Kind C., Laubereau B., Lauper U., Lorenzi P., Matter L., Naddal D., Perrin L., Rickenbach M., Rudin C., Schreyer A., Schupbach J., Telenti A., Vernazza P., Wolf K., Wunder D., Wyler C.-A., Giaquinto C., Ruga E., De Rossi A., Grosh-Worner I., Seel K., Schafer A., Mok J., Johnstone F., Jimenez J., Garcia-Rodriguez M.C., Bates I., De Jose I., Hawkins F., Ladron de Gevara C., Ma Pena J., Gonzalez Garcia J., Arribas Lopez J.R., Asensi-Botet F., Otero M.C., Perez-Tamarit D., Ridaura S., Gregori P., De la Torre R., Scherpbier H., Kreyenbroek M., Boer K., Bohlin A.B., Lindgren S., Ehrnst A., Belfrage E., Lidman K., Christensson B., Levy J., Hainaut M., Peltier A., Barlow P., Wibaut S., Lecroart M.C., Ferrazin A., Bassetti D., De Maria A., Gotta C., Mur A., Paya A., Vinolas M., Lopez-Vilchez M.A., Martinez-Gomez P., Carreras R., Coll O., Fortuny C., Boguna J., Casellas Caro M., Canet Y., Pardi G., Ravizza M., Guerra B., Lanari M., Bianchi S., Bovicelli L., Prati E., Duse M., Scaravelli G., Stegagno M., De Santis M., and Semprini A.E.

Subjects
Epidemiology, HIV Infections, Substance Abuse, Intravenou, Cohort Studies, Pregnancy, Immunology and Allergy, Medicine, HIV Infection, Prospective Studies, Pregnancy Complications, Infectious, Substance Abuse, Intravenous, Prospective cohort study, Obstetrics, Infectious, Substance Abuse, Pregnancy Outcome, Gestational age, Viral Load, Antiretroviral therapy, Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor, Infectious Diseases, Combination, Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors, Drug Therapy, Combination, Female, Intravenous, Prematurity, Delivery, Zidovudine, Viral load, Infant, Premature, Human, Cohort study, medicine.drug, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Combination therapy, Anti-HIV Agents, Immunology, CD4 Lymphocyte Count, Delivery, Obstetric, Gestational Age, HIV-1, Humans, Infant, Newborn, Drug Therapy, antiretroviral therapy, combination therapy, epidemiology, pregnancy, prematurity, Premature, business.industry, Infant, Anti-HIV Agent, Obstetric, Odds ratio, Newborn, medicine.disease, Surgery, Pregnancy Complications, Prospective Studie, Pregnancy Complications, Infectiou, Cohort Studie, business
Abstract

Objective: To assess the association between type and timing of initiation of antiretroviral therapy in pregnancy and duration of pregnancy. Design: Prospective study. Methods: Data on 3920 mother child pairs were examined (3015 mother-child pairs from the European Collaborative Study and 905 from the Swiss Mother + Child HIV Cohort Study). Factors examined included gestational age, antiretroviral therapy during pregnancy, maternal CD4 count, viral load, illicit drug use (IDU) and mode of delivery. Deliveries at less than 37 weeks were defined as premature. Results: The prematurity rate was 17% and median gestational age 39 weeks. Twenty-three per cent (896 of 3920) of women received antiretroviral therapy during pregnancy: 64% (573 of 896) zidovudine monotherapy, 24% (215) combination therapy without protease inhibitors (PI) and 12% (108) combination therapy with PI. In multivariate analysis, adjusted for maternal CD4 count and IDU, odds ratio (OR) of prematurity was 2.60 195% confidence interval (CI), 1.43-4.751 and 1.82 (95% CI, 1.13-2.92) for infants exposed to combination therapy with and without a Pl, respectively, compared to no treatment. Exposure to monotherapy was not associated with prematurity, but severe immunosuppression and IDU in pregnancy were. Women on combination therapy from before pregnancy were twice as likely to deliver prematurely as those starting therapy in the third trimester (OR, 2.17 95% CI, 1.03-4.58). Conclusions: Pregnancy issues should be discussed when making decisions about initiation of combination antiretroviral therapy for HIV-infected women. Elective caesarean section to reduce vertical transmission at 36 weeks rather than 38 weeks may be advisable in women on combination therapy with PI. © 2000 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.

Published
2000
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8. The Mode of Delivery and the Risk of Vertical Transmission of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 — A Meta-Analysis of 15 Prospective Cohort Studies

Author

Andiman, W., Boucher, M., Burns, D., Bryson, Y., Farley, J., Fowler, H., Gabiano, C., Galli, L., Hutto, C., Kind, C., Korber, B., Kovacs, A., Krogstad, P., Landesman, S., Lapointe, N., Lemay, M., Lew, J., Mandelbrot, L., Mayaux, Mj, Mellins, R., Minkoff, H., Mofenson, L., Nielsen, K., Newell, Ml, Pardi, G., Peavy, H., Peckham, C., Read, J., Rother, C., Rudin, C., Scott, G., Semprini, A., Shearer, W., Simonds, R., Simpson, B., Stek, A., Tovo, Pa, Tuomala, R., Dyke, R., Weedon, J., Martino, M., Lindsay, M., Belair, S., Chan, L., Harris, D., Kalish, L., Muenz, L., Nugent, R., Schluchter, M., Durako, S., Goodwin, S., Mitchell, R., Nourjah, P., Owen, W., Widmayer, S., Bardeguez, A., Hanson, C., Wiznia, A., Luzuriaga, K., Viscarello, R., Ho, D., Koup, R., Chen, I., Mullins, J., Wolinsky, S., Walker, B., Ammann, A., Clapp, S., Mcdonald, D., Fauvel, M., Hankins, C., Samson, J., Bailey, A., Giaquinto, C., Ruga, E., Rossi, A., Truscia, D., Grosch-Worner, I., Schafer, A., Mok, J., Johnstone, F., Jiminez, J., Alba, C., Garcia-Rodriguez, M., Bates, I., Jose, I., Hawkins, F., Zapico, Rm, Asensi-Botet, F., Otero, M., Perez-Tamarit, D., Moya, A., Galbis, M., Scherpbier, H., Boer, K., Bohlin, A., Lindgren, S., Ehrnst, A., Anzen, B., Belfrage, E., Levy, J., Alimenti, A., Barlow, P., Ferrazin, A., Maria, A., Gotta, C., Maritati, V., Mur, A., Rovira, M., Paya, A., Coll, O., Fortuny, C., Boguna, J., Caro, Mc, Canet, Y., Ravizza, M., Castagna, C., Fiore, S., Guerra, B., Lanari, M., Bianchi, S., Bovicelli, L., Prati, E., Duse, M., Soresina, A., Scaravelli, G., Santis, M., Muggiasca, M., Vigano, A., Marchisio, P., Iasci, A., Spinillo, A., Bucceri, A., Grossi, E., Rancilio, L., Della Torre, M., Dallacasa, P., Pachi, A., Principi, N., Zara, C., Vignali, M., Rossi, G., Selvaggi, L., Greco, P., Vimercati, A., Massi, G., Innocenti, T., Fiscella, A., Sansone, M., Benedetto, C., Tibaldi, C., Ziarati, N., Tadrist, B., Thevenicau, D., Gondry, J., Paulard, B., Alisy, C., Brault, D., Tordjeman, P., Mamou, J., Rozan, M., Colombani, D., Pincemaille, O., Salvetti, A., Chabanier, C., Hernandorena, X., Leroy, J., Schaal, J., Balde, P., Faucher, P., Lachassinne, E., Benoit, S., Douard, D., Hocke, C., Barjot, P., Brouard, J., Delattre, P., Stien, L., Audibert, F., Labrune, P., Vial, M., Mazy, F., Sitbon, D., Crenn-Hebert, C., Floch-Tudal, C., Akakpo, R., Daveau, C., Leblanc, A., Cesbron, P., Duval-Arnould, H., Huraux-Rendu, C., Lemerle, S., Touboul, C., Guerin, M., Maingueneau, C., Reynaud, I., Rousseau, T., Ercoil, V., Lanza, M., Denavit, M., Garnier, J., Lahsinat, K., Pia, R., Allouche, C., Nardou, M., Grall, F., May, A., Dallot, M., Lhuillier, P., Cecile, W., Mezin, R., Bech, A., Lobut, J., Algava, G., Dermesay, Ac, Busuttil, R., Jacquemot, M., Bader-Meunier, B., Fridman, S., Codaccioni, X., Maxingue, F., Thomas, D., Alain, J., Lumley, L., Tabaste, J., Salin, Pb, Seaume, H., Guichard, A., Kebaili, K., Roussouly, C., Botto, C., Lanete, A., Wipff, P., Cravello, L., Boisse, P., Leclaire, M., Michel, G., Crumiere, C., Lefevre, V., Le Lorier, B., Pauly, I., Robichez, B., Seguy, D., Dehlinger, M., Rideau, F., Talon, P., Benos, P., Huret, C., Nicolas, J., Heller-Roussin, B., Saint-Leger, S., Delaporte, M., Hubert, C., Sarcus, B., Karoubi, P., Mechinaud, F., Bertcrottiere, D., Bongain, A., Monpoux, F., Gennes, C., Devianne, F., Nisand, I., Rousset, M., Mouchnino, G., Muray, J., Munzer, M., Quereux, C., Brossard, V., Clavier, B., Allemon, M., Rotten, D., Stephan, J., Varlet, M., Guyot, B., Narey, P., Bardinet, F., Caunes, F., Jeny, R., Robin, M., Bouley, Ar, Savey, L., Berrebi, A., Tricoire, J., Borderon, J., Fignon, A., Guillot, F., Maria, B., Broyard, A., Chitrit, Y., Firtion, G., Pillet, Ml, Parat, S., Boissinot, C., Garec, N., Levine, M., Ottenwalter, A., Schaller, F., Vilmer, B., Courpotin, C., Brunner, C., Ciraru-Vigneron, N., Hatem-Gantzer, G., Xavier FRITEL, Wallet, A., Bouille, J., Milliez, J., Mrejen, Db, Dermer, E., Noseda, G., Bardou, D., Cressaty, J., Francoual, C., Moncomble, Cc, Cohen, H., Blanche, S., Bastion, H., Benifla, J., Benkhatar, F., Berkane, N., Herve, F., Ronzier, M., Ferraris, G., Rancillo, L., Tulisso, S., Scolfaro, C., Riva, C., Vierucci, A., Luca, M., Farina, S., Fundaro, C., Genovese, O., Mercu, G., Forni, G., Stegagno, M., Falconieri, P., Zuccotti, G., Riva, E., Cellini, M., Baraldi, C., Consolini, R., Palla, G., Ruggeri, M., Pignata, C., Guarino, A., Osimani, P., Metri, A., Antonellini, A., Benaglia, G., Romano, A., Mattia, D., Caselli, D., Boni, S., Erba, G., Bassanetti, F., Sticca, M., Timpano, C., Magnani, C., Salvatore, C., Gambaretto, G., Lipreri, R., Tornaghi, R., Pinzani, R., Cecchi, M., Bezzi, T., Battisti, L., Bresciani, E., Gattinara, G., Berrino, R., Pellegatta, A., Mazza, A., Baldi, F., Micheletti, E., Altobelli, R., Deiana, M., Colnaghi, C., Tarallo, L., Tondo, U., Anastasio, E., Chiriaco, P., Contardi, I., Ruggeri, C., Ibba, P., O Sullivan, M., Malmsberry, A., Willoughby, A., Goedert, J., Mendez, H., Holman, S., Rubinstein, A., Nesheim, S., Clark, S., Lee, F., Nahmias, A., Sawyer, M., Vink, P., Alger, L., Abrams, E., Bamji, M., Lambert, G., Schoenbaum, E., Thea, D., Thomas, P., Palumbo, P., Denny, T., Oleske, J., Orloff, S., Ethier-Ives, J., Rogers, M., Kutner, M., Kaplan, S., Kattan, M., Lipshultz, S., Sopko, G., Sloand, E., Wu, M., Nadal, D., Siegrist, Ca, Wyler, Ca, Cheseaux, Jj, Aebi, C., Gnehm, H., Schubiger, G., Klingler, J., Hunziker, U., Kuchler, H., Gianinazzi, M., Buhlmann, U., Biedermann, K., Lauper, U., Irion, O., Brunelli, A., Spoletini, G., Schreyer, A., Hosli, I., Saurenmann, E., Drack, G., Isenschmid, M., Poorbeik, M., Schupbach, J., Perrin, L., Erb, P., Joller, H., Dillon, M., Nielsen, R., Boyer, P., Liao, D., Keller, M., Deveikis, A., Khoury, M., Diaz, C., Pacheco-Acosta, E., Cooper, E., Mesthene, D., Pitt, J., Higgins, A., Moroso, G., Rich, K., Turpin, D., Cooper, N., Fowler, M., Smeriglio, V., Mckinlay, S., and Ellis, S.

Subjects
Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Multivariate analysis, Anti-HIV Agents, Birth weight, HIV Infections, Cohort Studies, Pregnancy, Risk Factors, medicine, Birth Weight, Humans, Rupture of membranes, Pregnancy Complications, Infectious, Prospective cohort study, Cesarean Section, Obstetrics, business.industry, Infant, Newborn, General Medicine, Odds ratio, Delivery, Obstetric, medicine.disease, Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical, Confidence interval, Logistic Models, Multivariate Analysis, Immunology, HIV-1, Female, business, Zidovudine, Cohort study
Abstract

Background To evaluate the relation between elective cesarean section and vertical transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), we performed a meta-analysis using data on individual patients from 15 prospective cohort studies. Methods North American and European studies of at least 100 mother-child pairs were included in the meta-analysis. Uniform definitions of modes of delivery were used. Elective cesarean sections were defined as those performed before onset of labor and rupture of membranes. Multivariate logistic-regression analysis was used to adjust for other factors known to be associated with vertical transmission. Results The primary analysis included data on 8533 mother-child pairs. After adjustment for receipt of antiretroviral therapy, maternal stage of disease, and infant birth weight, the likelihood of vertical transmission of HIV-1 was decreased by approximately 50 percent with elective cesarean section, as compared with other modes of delivery (adjusted odds ratio, 0.43; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.33 to 0.56). The results were similar when the study population was limited to those with rupture of membranes shortly before delivery. The likelihood of transmission was reduced by approximately 87 percent with both elective cesarean section and receipt of antiretroviral therapy during the prenatal, intrapartum, and neonatal periods, as compared with other modes of delivery and the absence of therapy (adjusted odds ratio, 0.13; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.09 to 0.19). Among mother-child pairs receiving antiretroviral therapy during the prenatal, intrapartum, and neonatal periods, rates of vertical transmission were 2.0 percent among the 196 mothers who underwent elective cesarean section and 7.3 percent among the 1255 mothers with other modes of delivery. Conclusions The results of this meta-analysis suggest that elective cesarean section reduces the risk of transmission of HIV-1 from mother to child independently of the effects of treatment with zidovudine.

Published
1999
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9. De Novo Urgency: A Review of the Literature

Author

Aguilo O, M. Mestre, J. Lleberia, Serra L, Canet Y, and J. Pubill

Subjects
Anamnesis, medicine.medical_specialty, medicine.diagnostic_test, Urinalysis, Urge urinary incontinence, business.industry, Incidence (epidemiology), Physical examination, Omics, Surgery, Bladder outlet obstruction, medicine, Urodynamic testing, business
Abstract

De novo urgency can be defined as the appearance of urge urinary incontinence after an anti-incontinence surgery that persists after six months. This term can only be used when the patient did not have any urgency preoperative symptoms. The incidence of de novo urgency varies between 3.1% and 25.9% and although its pathophysiology is unclear, it is suggested that an obstruction (absolute or relative) is caused during the procedure that induces a reaction in the detrussor muscle. The evaluation of de novo urgency includes a thorough anamnesis, physical examination, residual urine evaluation, urinalysis, and urodynamic testing. When there is evidence of a bladder outlet obstruction, its treatment is urethrolysis or urethral dilatation. For patients without obstruction, a more conservative approach including pelvic floor exercises and antimuscarinics is recommended. A meticulous surgical technique is the key to try preventing this pathology. As excellent practise for incontinence techniques cannot prevent all cases must continue deepen their study of anatomical and functional factors.

Published
2013
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10. The mode of delivery and the risk of vertical transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1--a meta-analysis of 15 prospective cohort studies. The International Perinatal HIV Group

Author

Andiman W., Boucher M., Burns D., Bryson Y., Farley J., Fowler H., Gabiano C., Galli L., Hutto C., Kind C., Korber B., Kovacs A., Krogstad P., Landesman S., Lapointe N., Lemay M., Lew J., Mandelbrot L., Mayaux M.J., Mellins R., Minkoff H., Mofenson L., Nielsen K., Newell M.L., Pardi G., Peavy H., Peckham C., Read J., Rother C., Rudin C., Scott G., Semprini A., Shearer W., Simonds R., Simpson B., Stek A., Tovo P.A., Tuomala R., Van Dyke R., Weedon J., de Martino M., Lindsay M., Belair S., Chan L., Harris D., Kalish L., Muenz L., Nugent R., Schluchter M., Durako S., Goodwin S., Mitchell R., Nourjah P., Owen W., Widmayer S., Bardeguez A., Hanson C., Wiznia A., Luzuriaga K., Viscarello R., Ho D., Koup R., Chen I., Mullins J., Wolinsky S., Walker B., Ammann A., Clapp S., McDonald D., Fauvel M., Hankins C., Samson J., Bailey A., Giaquinto C., Ruga E., De Rossi A., Truscia D., Grosch Worner I., Schafer A., Mok J., Johnstone F., Jiminez J., de Alba C., Garcia Rodriguez M., Bates I., de Jose I., Hawkins F., Zapico R.M., Asensi Botet F., Otero M., Perez Tamarit D., Moya A., Galbis M., Scherpbier H., Boer K., Bohlin A., Lindgren S., Ehrnst A., Anzen B., Belfrage E., Levy J., Alimenti A., Barlow P., Ferrazin A., De Maria A., Gotta C., Maritati V., Mur A., Rovira M., Paya A., Coll O., Fortuny C., Boguna J., Caro M.C., Canet Y., Ravizza M., Castagna C., Fiore S., Guerra B., Lanari M., Bianchi S., Bovicelli L., Prati E., Duse M., Soresina A., Scaravelli G., De Santis M., Muggiasca M., Vigano A., Marchisio P., Iasci A., Spinillo A., Bucceri A., Grossi E., Rancilio L., Della Torre M., Dallacasa P., Pachi A., Principi N., Zara C., Vignali M., Rossi G., Selvaggi L., Greco P., Vimercati A., Massi G., Innocenti T., Fiscella A., Sansone M., Benedetto C., Tibaldi C., Ziarati N., Tadrist B., Thevenicau D., Gondry J., Paulard B., Alisy C., Brault D., Tordjeman P., Mamou J., Rozan M., Colombani D., Pincemaille O., Salvetti A., Chabanier C., Hernandorena X., Leroy J., Schaal J., Balde P., Faucher P., Lachassinne E., Benoit S., Douard D., Hocke C., Barjot P., Brouard J, Delattre P, Stien L, Audibert F, Labrune P, Vial M, Mazy F, Sitbon D, Crenn Hebert C, Floch Tudal C, Akakpo R, Daveau C, Leblanc A, Cesbron P, Duval Arnould H, Huraux Rendu C, Lemerle S, Touboul C, Guerin M, Maingueneau C, Reynaud I, Rousseau T, Ercoil V, Lanza M, Denavit M, Garnier J, Lahsinat K, Pia R, Allouche C, Nardou M, Grall F, May A, Dallot M, Lhuillier P, Cecile W, Mezin R, Balde P, Bech A, Lobut J, Algava G, Dermesay AC, Busuttil R, Jacquemot M, Bader Meunier B, Fridman S, Codaccioni X, Maxingue F, Thomas D, Alain J, De Lumley L, Tabaste J, Salin PB, Seaume H, Guichard A, Kebaili K, Roussouly C, Botto C, De Lanete A, Wipff P, Cravello L, De Boisse P, Leclaire M, Michel G, Crumiere C, Lefevre V, Le Lorier B, Pauly I, Robichez B, Seguy D, Dehlinger M, Rideau F, Talon P, Benos P, Huret C, Nicolas J, Heller Roussin B, Saint Leger S, Delaporte M, Hubert C, De Sarcus B, Karoubi P, Mechinaud F, Bertcrottiere D, Bongain A, Monpoux F, De Gennes C, Devianne F, Nisand I, Rousset M, Mouchnino G, Muray J, Munzer M, Quereux C, Brossard V, Clavier B, Allemon M, Rotten D, Stephan J, Varlet M, Guyot B, Narey P, Bardinet F, De Caunes F, Jeny R, Robin M, Bouley AR, Savey L, Berrebi A, Tricoire J, Borderon J, Fignon A, Guillot F, Maria B, Broyard A, Chitrit Y, Firtion G, Mandelbrot L, Pillet ML, Parat S, Boissinot C, Garec N, Levine M, Ottenwalter A, Schaller F, Vilmer B, Courpotin C, Brunner C, Ciraru Vigneron N, Hatem Gantzer G, Fritel X, Wallet A, Bouille J, Milliez J, Mrejen DB, Dermer E, Noseda G, Bardou D, Cressaty J, Francoual C, Moncomble CC, Cohen H, Blanche S, Bastion H, Benifla J, Benkhatar F, Berkane N, Herve F, Ronzier M, Mayaux MJ, de Martino M, Tovo PA, Galli L, Gabiano C, Ferraris G, Rancillo L, Bucceri A, Tulisso S, Scolfaro C, Riva C, Vierucci A, de Luca M, Farina S, Fundaro C, Genovese O, Mercu G, Forni G, Stegagno M, Falconieri P, Zuccotti G, Riva E, Cellini M, Baraldi C, Consolini R, Palla G, Ruggeri M, Osimani P, Metri A, Antonellini A, Benaglia G, Romano A, Dallacasa P, De Mattia D, Caselli D, Boni S, Dell'Erba G, Bassanetti F, Sticca M, Timpano C, Magnani C, Salvatore C, Gambaretto G, Lipreri R, Tornaghi R, Pinzani R, Cecchi M, Bezzi T, Battisti L, Bresciani E, Gattinara G, Berrino R, Pellegatta A, Mazza A, Baldi F, Micheletti E, Ruga E, Altobelli R, Deiana M, Colnaghi C, Tarallo L, Tondo U, Anastasio E, Duse M, Chiriaco P, Contardi I, Ruggeri C, Ibba P, Scott G, Hutto C, O'Sullivan M, Malmsberry A, Willoughby A, Burns D, Goedert J, Landesman S, Minkoff H, Mendez H, Holman S, Rubinstein A, Durako S, Muenz L, Goodwin S, Nesheim S, Lindsay M, Clark S, Lee F, Nahmias A, Sawyer M, Vink P, Farley J, Alger L, Abrams E, Bamji M, Lambert G, Schoenbaum E, Thea D, Thomas P, Weedon J, Palumbo P, Bardeguez A, Denny T, Oleske J, Simonds R, Orloff S, Ethier Ives J, Rogers M, Schluchter M, Kutner M, Kaplan S, Kattan M, Lipshultz S, Mellins R, Shearer W, Peavy H, Sopko G, Sloand E, Wu M, Kind C, Nadal D, Rudin C, Siegrist CA, Wyler CA, Cheseaux JJ, Aebi C, Gnehm H, Schubiger G, Klingler J, Hunziker U, Kuchler H, Gianinazzi M, Buhlmann U, Biedermann K, Lauper U, Irion O, Brunelli A, Spoletini G, Schreyer A, Hosli I, Saurenmann E, Drack G, Isenschmid M, Poorbeik M, Schupbach J, Perrin L, Erb P, Joller H, Bryson Y, Dillon M, Nielsen R, Boyer P, Liao D, Keller M, Deveikis A, Kovacs A, Stek A, Chan L, Rother C, Khoury M, Diaz C, Pacheco Acosta E, Tuomala R, Cooper E, Mesthene D, Pitt J, Higgins A, Moroso G, Rich K, Turpin D, Cooper N, Fowler M, Nugent R, Smeriglio V, McKinlay S, Kalish L, Ellis S, Andiman W, PIGNATA, CLAUDIO, GUARINO, ALFREDO, Andiman, W., Boucher, M., Burns, D., Bryson, Y., Farley, J., Fowler, H., Gabiano, C., Galli, L., Hutto, C., Kind, C., Korber, B., Kovacs, A., Krogstad, P., Landesman, S., Lapointe, N., Lemay, M., Lew, J., Mandelbrot, L., Mayaux, M. J., Mellins, R., Minkoff, H., Mofenson, L., Nielsen, K., Newell, M. L., Pardi, G., Peavy, H., Peckham, C., Read, J., Rother, C., Rudin, C., Scott, G., Semprini, A., Shearer, W., Simonds, R., Simpson, B., Stek, A., Tovo, P. A., Tuomala, R., Van Dyke, R., Weedon, J., de Martino, M., Lindsay, M., Belair, S., Chan, L., Harris, D., Kalish, L., Muenz, L., Nugent, R., Schluchter, M., Durako, S., Goodwin, S., Mitchell, R., Nourjah, P., Owen, W., Widmayer, S., Bardeguez, A., Hanson, C., Wiznia, A., Luzuriaga, K., Viscarello, R., Ho, D., Koup, R., Chen, I., Mullins, J., Wolinsky, S., Walker, B., Ammann, A., Clapp, S., Mcdonald, D., Fauvel, M., Hankins, C., Samson, J., Bailey, A., Giaquinto, C., Ruga, E., De Rossi, A., Truscia, D., Grosch Worner, I., Schafer, A., Mok, J., Johnstone, F., Jiminez, J., de Alba, C., Garcia Rodriguez, M., Bates, I., de Jose, I., Hawkins, F., Zapico, R. M., Asensi Botet, F., Otero, M., Perez Tamarit, D., Moya, A., Galbis, M., Scherpbier, H., Boer, K., Bohlin, A., Lindgren, S., Ehrnst, A., Anzen, B., Belfrage, E., Levy, J., Alimenti, A., Barlow, P., Ferrazin, A., De Maria, A., Gotta, C., Maritati, V., Mur, A., Rovira, M., Paya, A., Coll, O., Fortuny, C., Boguna, J., Caro, M. C., Canet, Y., Ravizza, M., Castagna, C., Fiore, S., Guerra, B., Lanari, M., Bianchi, S., Bovicelli, L., Prati, E., Duse, M., Soresina, A., Scaravelli, G., De Santis, M., Muggiasca, M., Vigano, A., Marchisio, P., Iasci, A., Spinillo, A., Bucceri, A., Grossi, E., Rancilio, L., Della Torre, M., Dallacasa, P., Pachi, A., Principi, N., Zara, C., Vignali, M., Rossi, G., Selvaggi, L., Greco, P., Vimercati, A., Massi, G., Innocenti, T., Fiscella, A., Sansone, M., Benedetto, C., Tibaldi, C., Ziarati, N., Tadrist, B., Thevenicau, D., Gondry, J., Paulard, B., Alisy, C., Brault, D., Tordjeman, P., Mamou, J., Rozan, M., Colombani, D., Pincemaille, O., Salvetti, A., Chabanier, C., Hernandorena, X., Leroy, J., Schaal, J., Balde, P., Faucher, P., Lachassinne, E., Benoit, S., Douard, D., Hocke, C., Barjot, P., Brouard, J, Delattre, P, Stien, L, Audibert, F, Labrune, P, Vial, M, Mazy, F, Sitbon, D, Crenn Hebert, C, Floch Tudal, C, Akakpo, R, Daveau, C, Leblanc, A, Cesbron, P, Duval Arnould, H, Huraux Rendu, C, Lemerle, S, Touboul, C, Guerin, M, Maingueneau, C, Reynaud, I, Rousseau, T, Ercoil, V, Lanza, M, Denavit, M, Garnier, J, Lahsinat, K, Pia, R, Allouche, C, Nardou, M, Grall, F, May, A, Dallot, M, Lhuillier, P, Cecile, W, Mezin, R, Balde, P, Bech, A, Lobut, J, Algava, G, Dermesay, Ac, Busuttil, R, Jacquemot, M, Bader Meunier, B, Fridman, S, Codaccioni, X, Maxingue, F, Thomas, D, Alain, J, De Lumley, L, Tabaste, J, Salin, Pb, Seaume, H, Guichard, A, Kebaili, K, Roussouly, C, Botto, C, De Lanete, A, Wipff, P, Cravello, L, De Boisse, P, Leclaire, M, Michel, G, Crumiere, C, Lefevre, V, Le Lorier, B, Pauly, I, Robichez, B, Seguy, D, Dehlinger, M, Rideau, F, Talon, P, Benos, P, Huret, C, Nicolas, J, Heller Roussin, B, Saint Leger, S, Delaporte, M, Hubert, C, De Sarcus, B, Karoubi, P, Mechinaud, F, Bertcrottiere, D, Bongain, A, Monpoux, F, De Gennes, C, Devianne, F, Nisand, I, Rousset, M, Mouchnino, G, Muray, J, Munzer, M, Quereux, C, Brossard, V, Clavier, B, Allemon, M, Rotten, D, Stephan, J, Varlet, M, Guyot, B, Narey, P, Bardinet, F, De Caunes, F, Jeny, R, Robin, M, Bouley, Ar, Savey, L, Berrebi, A, Tricoire, J, Borderon, J, Fignon, A, Guillot, F, Maria, B, Broyard, A, Chitrit, Y, Firtion, G, Mandelbrot, L, Pillet, Ml, Parat, S, Boissinot, C, Garec, N, Levine, M, Ottenwalter, A, Schaller, F, Vilmer, B, Courpotin, C, Brunner, C, Ciraru Vigneron, N, Hatem Gantzer, G, Fritel, X, Wallet, A, Bouille, J, Milliez, J, Mrejen, Db, Dermer, E, Noseda, G, Bardou, D, Cressaty, J, Francoual, C, Moncomble, Cc, Cohen, H, Blanche, S, Bastion, H, Benifla, J, Benkhatar, F, Berkane, N, Herve, F, Ronzier, M, Mayaux, Mj, de Martino, M, Tovo, Pa, Galli, L, Gabiano, C, Ferraris, G, Rancillo, L, Bucceri, A, Tulisso, S, Scolfaro, C, Riva, C, Vierucci, A, de Luca, M, Farina, S, Fundaro, C, Genovese, O, Mercu, G, Forni, G, Stegagno, M, Falconieri, P, Zuccotti, G, Riva, E, Cellini, M, Baraldi, C, Consolini, R, Palla, G, Ruggeri, M, Pignata, Claudio, Guarino, Alfredo, Osimani, P, Metri, A, Antonellini, A, Benaglia, G, Romano, A, Dallacasa, P, De Mattia, D, Caselli, D, Boni, S, Dell'Erba, G, Bassanetti, F, Sticca, M, Timpano, C, Magnani, C, Salvatore, C, Gambaretto, G, Lipreri, R, Tornaghi, R, Pinzani, R, Cecchi, M, Bezzi, T, Battisti, L, Bresciani, E, Gattinara, G, Berrino, R, Pellegatta, A, Mazza, A, Baldi, F, Micheletti, E, Ruga, E, Altobelli, R, Deiana, M, Colnaghi, C, Tarallo, L, Tondo, U, Anastasio, E, Duse, M, Chiriaco, P, Contardi, I, Ruggeri, C, Ibba, P, Scott, G, Hutto, C, O'Sullivan, M, Malmsberry, A, Willoughby, A, Burns, D, Goedert, J, Landesman, S, Minkoff, H, Mendez, H, Holman, S, Rubinstein, A, Durako, S, Muenz, L, Goodwin, S, Nesheim, S, Lindsay, M, Clark, S, Lee, F, Nahmias, A, Sawyer, M, Vink, P, Farley, J, Alger, L, Abrams, E, Bamji, M, Lambert, G, Schoenbaum, E, Thea, D, Thomas, P, Weedon, J, Palumbo, P, Bardeguez, A, Denny, T, Oleske, J, Simonds, R, Orloff, S, Ethier Ives, J, Rogers, M, Schluchter, M, Kutner, M, Kaplan, S, Kattan, M, Lipshultz, S, Mellins, R, Shearer, W, Peavy, H, Sopko, G, Sloand, E, Wu, M, Kind, C, Nadal, D, Rudin, C, Siegrist, Ca, Wyler, Ca, Cheseaux, Jj, Aebi, C, Gnehm, H, Schubiger, G, Klingler, J, Hunziker, U, Kuchler, H, Gianinazzi, M, Buhlmann, U, Biedermann, K, Lauper, U, Irion, O, Brunelli, A, Spoletini, G, Schreyer, A, Hosli, I, Saurenmann, E, Drack, G, Isenschmid, M, Poorbeik, M, Schupbach, J, Perrin, L, Erb, P, Joller, H, Bryson, Y, Dillon, M, Nielsen, R, Boyer, P, Liao, D, Keller, M, Deveikis, A, Kovacs, A, Stek, A, Chan, L, Rother, C, Khoury, M, Diaz, C, Pacheco Acosta, E, Tuomala, R, Cooper, E, Mesthene, D, Pitt, J, Higgins, A, Moroso, G, Rich, K, Turpin, D, Cooper, N, Fowler, M, Nugent, R, Smeriglio, V, Mckinlay, S, Kalish, L, Ellis, S, and Andiman, W

Abstract

To evaluate the relation between elective cesarean section and vertical transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), we performed a meta-analysis using data on individual patients from 15 prospective cohort studies. North American and European studies of at least 100 mother-child pairs were included in the meta-analysis. Uniform definitions of modes of delivery were used. Elective cesarean sections were defined as those performed before onset of labor and rupture of membranes. Multivariate logistic-regression analysis was used to adjust for other factors known to be associated with vertical transmission. The primary analysis included data on 8533 mother-child pairs. After adjustment for receipt of antiretroviral therapy, maternal stage of disease, and infant birth weight, the likelihood of vertical transmission of HIV-1 was decreased by approximately 50 percent with elective cesarean section, as compared with other modes of delivery (adjusted odds ratio, 0.43; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.33 to 0.56). The results were similar when the study population was limited to those with rupture of membranes shortly before delivery. The likelihood of transmission was reduced by approximately 87 percent with both elective cesarean section and receipt of antiretroviral therapy during the prenatal, intrapartum, and neonatal periods, as compared with other modes of delivery and the absence of therapy (adjusted odds ratio, 0.13; 95 percent confidence interval, 0.09 to 0.19). Among mother-child pairs receiving antiretroviral therapy during the prenatal, intrapartum, and neonatal periods, rates of vertical transmission were 2.0 percent among the 196 mothers who underwent elective cesarean section and 7.3 percent among the 1255 mothers with other modes of delivery. The results of this meta-analysis suggest that elective cesarean section reduces the risk of transmission of HIV-1 from mother to child independently of the effects of treatment with zidovudine.

Published
1999

11. Use of neonatal antiretroviral prophylaxis for prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV is decreasing in Western Europe

Author

England, K., Thorne, C., Giaquinto, C., Rampon, O., D’Elia, R., De Rossi, A., Grosch Wörner, I., Mok, J., de José, I., Laaru ́, A., Bates, I., Salas, A., Ma Peña, J., Gonzalez Garcia, J., Arribas Lo pez, J. R., Garcia Rodriguez, M. C., Asensi Botet, F., Otero, M. C., Pérez Tamarit, D., Scherpbier, H. J., Kreyenbroek, M., Godfried, M. H., Nellen, F. J. B., Boer, K., Bohlin, A. B., Lindgren, S., Anzén, B., Lidman, K., Elfgren, K., Gyllensten, K., Pehrson, P. O., Levy, J., Barlow, P., Manigart, Y., Hainaut, M., Peltier, A., Goetghebuer, T., Ferrazin, A., DE MARIA, Andrea, Bentivoglio, Giorgio, Ferrero, Simone, Gotta, C., Mur, A., Paya, A., López Vilchez, M. A., Carreras, R., Valerius, N. H., Rosenfeldt, V., Jimenez, J., Coll, O., Suy, A., Perez, J. M., Fortuny, C., Boguña, J., Canet, Y., Pardi, G., Ravizza, M., Guerra, B., Lanari, M., Bianchi, S., Bovicelli, L., Prati, E., Duse, M., Scaravelli, G., Stegagno, M., De Santis, M., Savasi, V., Fiore, S., Cri velli, M., Ferrazzi, E., Vigano`, A., Giacomet, V., Frasca, D., Zuccotti, G., Ravagni Probizer, F., Maccabruni, A., Bucceri, A., Rancilio, L., Alberico, S., Rabusin, M., Bernardon, M., Taylor, G. P., Lyall, E. G. H., Penn, Z., Buffolano, W., Tiseo, R., Martinelli, P., Sansone, M., Maruotti, G., Agangi, A., Tibaldi, C., Marini, S., Masuelli, G., Benedetto, C., Marczynska, T. Niemiec ̧ M., Dobosz, S., Popielska, J., and Oldakowska, A.

Subjects
Microbiology (medical), Cart, Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, antiretroviral therapy, HIV Infections, Chemoprevention, Article, Zidovudine, Pregnancy, Medicine, Humans, HIV, pregnancy, Maternal Transmission, business.industry, Infant, Newborn, medicine.disease, Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical, Europe, Infectious Diseases, Chemoprophylaxis, Cohort, Observational study, Female, business, Viral load, medicine.drug
Abstract

To the Editor: Since the ACTG076 trial results were published in 1994 [1], antiretroviral prophylaxis for the neonate as well as during pregnancy and delivery has been the cornerstone of prevention of mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of HIV. In the second decade of the combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) era, around 90% of pregnant HIV-infected women in Western Europe receive antenatal cART, for their own health and/or for prevention of MTCT (PMTCT) [2-4]. The rationale for including neonatal prophylaxis in the ACTG076 trial included uncertainty regarding timing of MTCT and the desire to boost the infant’s in utero and intrapartum antiretroviral drug exposure with 6 weeks zidovudine prophylaxis, as a post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) for newborns not infected with HIV in utero. Observational studies and trials subsequently demonstrated effectiveness of neonatal PEP for infants whose mothers received no antiretroviral drugs [5-7]. No trial data exist comparing the efficacy of different neonatal prophylaxis regimens for infants of women on cART. We investigated trends in neonatal prophylaxis use in the cART era in Western European sites of the European Collaborative Study, a cohort of HIV-infected pregnant women and their children; full methods are described elsewhere [4]. Logistic regression was used to investigate factors associated with receipt of neonatal prophylaxis. Variables considered in the multivariable model were antenatal antiretroviral use, mode of delivery, country and year of delivery, prematurity (

Published
2009

12. The mother-to-child HIV transmission epidemic in Europe: evolving in the East and established in the West

Author

Giaquinto, C, Rampon, O, D'Elia, R, De Rossi, A, Grosch Worner, I, Feiterna Sperling, C, Schmitz, T, Casteleyn, S, Mok, J., de Jose, I, Bates, I, Larru, B, Pena, Jm, Garcia, Jg, Lopez, Jra, Garcia Rodriguez MC, Asensi Botet, F, Otero, Mc, Perez Tamarit, D, Suarez, G, Scherpbier, H, Kreyenbroek, M, Godfried, Mh, Nellen, Fj, Boer, K, Bohlin, Ab, Lindgren, S, Belfrage, E, Naver, L, Anzen, B, Lidman, K, Levy, J, Hainaut, M, Goetghebuer, T, Manigart, Y, Barlow, P, Ferrazin, A, Bassetti, D, De Maria, A, Bentivoglio, G, Ferrero, S, Gotta, C, Mur, A, Paya, A, Lopez Vilchez MA, Carreras, R, Valerius, Nh, Jimenez, J, Coll, O, Suy, A, Perez, Jm, Fortuny, C, Boguna, J, Caro, Mc, Canet, Y, Pardi, G, Ravizza, M, Guerra, B, Lanari, M, Bianchi, S, Bovicelli, L, Prati, E, Duse, Marzia, Scaravelli, G, Stegagno, M, De Santis, M, Savasi, V, Ferrazzi, E, Vigano, A, Giacomet, V, Probizer, Fr, Maccabruni, A, Bucceri, A, Rancilio, L, Alberico, S, Rabusin, M, Bernardon, M, Taylor, Gp, Lyall, Egh, Penn, Z, Buffolano, W, Tiseo, R, Martinelli, P, Sansone, M, Agangi, A, Tibaldi, C, and Marini, S.

Published
2006

13. Increasing likelihood of further live births in HIV-infected women in recent years

Author

Giaquinto, Carlo, Ruga, EZIA MARIA, DE ROSSI, Anita, GROSCH WORNER, I, Mok, J, DE JOSE, I, Bates, I, Hawkins, F, DE GUEVARA CL, Pena, Jm, Garcia, Jg, Lopez, Jra, GARCIA RODRIGUEZ MC, ASENSI BOTET, F, Otero, Mc, PEREZ TAMARIT, D, Suarez, G, Scherpbier, H, Kreyenbroek, M, Boer, K, Bohlin, Ab, Lindgren, S, Belfrage, E, Naver, L, Anzen, B, Lidman, K, Levy, J, Barlow, P, Hainaut, M, Peltier, A, Goetghebuer, T, Ferrazin, A, Bassetti, D, DE MARIA, A, Gotta, C, Mur, A, Paya, A, LOPEZ VILCHEZ MA, Carreras, R, Valerius, Nh, Jimenez, J, Coll, O, Suy, A, Perez, Jm, Fortuny, C, Boguna, J, Caro, Mc, Canet, Y, Pardi, G, Ravizza, M, Guerra, B, Lanari, M, Bianchi, S, Bovicelli, L, Prati, E, Duse, M, Scaravelli, G, Stegagno, M, DE SANTIS, M, Semprini, Ae, Savasi, V, Vigano, A, Probizer, Fr, Maccabruni, A, Bucceri, A, Rancilio, L, Alberico, S, Rabusin, M, Bernardon, M, Taylor, Gp, Lyall, Egh, Penn, Z, Buffolano, Dw, Tiseo, R, Martinelli, P, Sansone, M, Tibaldi, C, Marini, S, Masuelli, G, Benedetto, C, Niemiec, T, Marczynska, M, Horban, A., Agangi, A., theEUROPEAN COLLABORATIVE, Study, and Martinelli, Pasquale

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Time Factors, Population, HIV Infections, Logistic regression, ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY, Pregnancy, Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active, Hiv infected, medicine, Humans, Pregnancy Complications, Infectious, Prospective cohort study, education, Reproductive History, VERTICAL TRANSMISSION, Gynecology, education.field_of_study, business.industry, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Odds ratio, IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-1, IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-1, ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY, VERTICAL TRANSMISSION, Confidence interval, Parity, Female, Epidemiologic Methods, business, Live birth, Parity (mathematics), Maternal Age, Demography
Abstract

OBJECTIVE To examine how the subsequent childbearing of HIV-infected mothers enrolled in the European Collaborative Study (ECS) has changed over time and identify factors predictive of further childbearing. DESIGN Prospective cohort study. SETTING Centres in nine European countries included in the ECS, enrolled between end 1986 and November 2003. POPULATION HIV-infected women (3911): 3693 with only one and 218 with subsequent live births. METHODS Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses to obtain odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Kaplan-Meier (KM) analyses to estimate cumulative proportions of women having a subsequent live birth. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Subsequent live birth. RESULTS In multivariable analysis adjusting for time period, ethnicity, maternal age and parity, black women were more likely [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 2.45; 95% CI, 1.75-3.43], and women >30 years less likely (AOR 0.54, 0.37-0.80), to have a subsequent live birth. Time to subsequent live birth significantly shortened over time, with an estimated 2% of women having a subsequent live birth within 24 months of enrollment pre-1989 versus 14% in 2000-2003 (P < 0.001). Estimated time to subsequent live birth was shorter for black than for white women (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The likelihood of subsequent live births substantially increased after 1995 and birth intervals were shorter in women on HAART and among black women. Numbers are currently too small to address the issue of advantages and disadvantages in the management of subsequent deliveries.

Published
2005

14. Mother-to-child transmission of HIV infection in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy

Author

Giaquinto, Carlo, Ruga, EZIA MARIA, DE ROSSI, Anita, GROSCH WORNER, I, Mok, J, DE JOSE, I, Bates, I, Hawkins, F, DE GUEVARA CL, Pena, Jm, Garcia, Jg, Lopez, Jra, GARCIA RODRIGUEZ MC, ASENSI BOTET, F, Otero, Mc, PEREZ TAMARIT DP, Suarez, G, Scherpbier, H, Kreyenbroek, M, Boer, K, Bohlin, Ab, Lindgren, S, Ehrnst, A, Belfrage, E, Naver, L, Lidman, K, Anzen, B, Levy, J, Barlow, P, Hainaut, M, Peltier, A, Goetghebuer, T, Ferrazin, A, Bassetti, D, DE MARIA, A, Gotta, C, Mur, A, Paya, A, Vinolas, M, LOPEZ VILCHEZ MA, Rovira, Carreras, R, Valerius, Nh, Jimenez, J, Coll, O, Suy, A, Perez, Jm, Fortuny, C, Caro, Mc, Canet, Y, Savasi, V, Vigano, A, Ferrazi, E, Alberico, S, Rabusin, M, Bernardon, M, Taylor, Gp, Lyall, Egh, Penn, Z, Buffolano, W, Tiseo, R, Martinelli, P, Agangi, A, Sansone, M, Tibaldi, C, and Et, Al

Subjects
PERINATAL TRANSMISSION, HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS, RNA LEVELS, VERTICAL TRANSMISSION, CESAREAN DELIVERY, PREGNANT-WOMEN, PERINATAL TRANSMISSION, HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS, CESAREAN DELIVERY, RNA LEVELS, VERTICAL TRANSMISSION, PREGNANT-WOMEN
Published
2005

15. Vertical transmission of HIV-1: maternal immune status and obstetric factors. The European Collaborative Study

Author

Newell, ML, Dunn, DT, Peckham, CS, Semprini, AE, Pardi, G, Giaquinto, C, Ruga, E, DeRossi, A, Truscia, D, GroschWorner, I, Shafer, A, Mok, J, Johnstone, F, Teres, FO, Jiminez, J, deAlba, C, GarciaRodriguez, MC, Bates, I, deJose, I, Hawkins, F, Zapico, RM, Canosa, CA, Galbis, G, Scherpbier, H, Boer, K, Bohlin, AB, Lindgren, S, Ehrnst, A, Anzen, B, Belfrage, E, Levy, J, Alimenti, A, Barlow, P, Ferrazin, A, DeMaria, A, Gotta, C, Maritati, Mur, A, Gris, J, Puges, MTR, Coll, O, Fortuny-Guasch C, Boguna, J, Caro, MC, Canet, Y, Ravizza, M, Castagna, C, Fiore, S, Guerra, B, Dallacasa, P, Bianchi, S, Bovicelli, L, Prati, E, Zanelli, S, Duse, M, Soresina, A, Scaravelli, G, Stegagno, M, DeSantis, M, Muggiasca, ML, Marchisio, P, Iasci, A, Spinillo, A, Bucceri, A, Grossi, E, and Rancilio, L

Abstract

To estimate the effect of maternal factors and events around the time of delivery on HIV-1 vertical transmission risk.

Published
1996

17. Levels and patterns of HIV RNA viral load in untreated pregnant women

Author

Patel, D, Thorne, C, Newell, Ml, CORTINA BORJA, M, Giaquinto, Carlo, Rampon, O, D'Elia, R, DE ROSSI, Anita, GROSCH WORNER, I, Mok, J, DE JOSE MI, Martinez, Bl, Pena, Jm, Garcia, Jg, Lopez, Jra, GARCIA RODRIGUEZ, J, ASENSI BOTET, F, Otero, Mc, PEREZ TAMARIT, D, Scherpbier, Hj, Kreyenbroek, M, Godfried, Mh, Nellen, Fjb, Boer, K, Ehrnst, A, Bohlin, Ab, Lindgren, S, Anzen, B, Lidman, K, Levy, J, Barlow, P, Manigart, Y, Hainaut, M, Goetghebuer, T, Ferrazin, A, Viscoli, C, DE MARIA, A, Bentivoglio, G, Ferrero, S, Gotta, C, Mur, A, Paya, A, LOPEZ VILCHEZ MA, Carreras, R, Valerius, Nh, Rosenfeldt, V, Jimenez, J, Coll, O, Suy, A, Perez, Jm, Fortuny, C, Boguna, J, Caro, Mc, Canet, Y, Ravizza, M, Guerra, B, Lanari, M, Bianchi, S, Bovicelli, L, Prati, E, Duse, M, Scaravelli, G, Stegagno, M, DE SANTIS, M, Savasi, V, Fiore, S, Crivelli, M, Ferrazzi, E, Vigano, A, Giacomet, V, Cerini, C, Raimondi, C, Zuccotti, G, Probizer, Fr, Maccabruni, A, Bucceri, A, Rancilio, L, Alberico, S, Rabusin, M, Bernardon, M, Taylor, Gp, Lyall, Egh, Penn, Z, Buffolano, W, Tiseo, R, Martinelli, A, Sansone, M, Maruotti, G, Agangi, A, Tibaldi, C, Marini, S, Masuelli, G, Benedetto, C, Niemiec, T, Marczynska, M, Dobosz, S, Popielska, J, Oldakowska, A, Malyuta, R, Semenenko, I, Pilipenko, T, Posokhova, S, Kaleeva, T, Stelmah, A, Kiseleva, G., European Collaborative Study, Patel D, Thorne C, Newell ML, Cortina-Borja M [, Guerra B, Lanari M ], Amsterdam institute for Infection and Immunity, Paediatric Infectious Diseases / Rheumatology / Immunology, General Internal Medicine, Infectious diseases, Other Research, and Obstetrics and Gynaecology

Subjects
Microbiology (medical), Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Race, Adolescent, Black People, Gestational Age, HIV Infections, Disease, White People, HIV, Pregnancy, HIV RNA viral load, ART-naïve, Young Adult, Asian People, pregnancy, Medicine, Humans, Young adult, Pregnancy Complications, Infectious, business.industry, Obstetrics, Confounding, RNA, Gestational age, General Medicine, Viral Load, medicine.disease, CD4 Lymphocyte Count, hiv, art-naïve, hiv rna viral load, race, art-naive, Infectious Diseases, Immunology, HIV-1, RNA, Viral, Female, Sample collection, business, Viral load
Abstract

Objective: To assess pregnancy levels and patterns of HIV RNA in the absence of antiretroviral therapy, while appropriately adjusting for potential confounders, including maternal immune status and race. Methods: Data on >= 1 antenatal HIV RNA measurements were available for 333 untreated HIV-infected pregnant women enrolled in the European Collaborative Study. CD4 counts and HIV RNA measurements were routinely collected from 1992 and 1998, respectively. Linear mixed effects models based on 246 women for whom complete data were available examined changes in HIV RNA levels over pregnancy, with a nested random effects term accounting for measurement variability within women and period of sample collection. Results: The change in HIV RNA over pregnancy varied significantly by race (p = 0.005): from the second trimester until delivery, HIV RNA decreased significantly by an estimated 0.019 log(10) copies/ml/week in white women (95% Cl -0.03, -0.007); in black women the estimated 0.016 log(10) copies/ml/week increase (95% Cl -0.005, 0.037) was not statistically significant. At delivery, HIV RNA levels in black women were 0.45 log(10) copies/ml higher (95% Cl 0.08, 0.83) than in white women. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that HIV RNA dynamics over pregnancy differ by race, although other interpretations cannot be excluded, due to potential for unmeasured confounding. (C) 2008 International Society for Infectious Diseases. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

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23. Informe de Mariano Canet por la Comisión nombrada para estudiar la solicitud presentada el 10 de diciembre de 1805, por Mariano Bielsa, fabricante de pañuelos grandes de seda, pidiendo un premio. Dicho informe es favorable a la concesión del premio

Author

Bielsa, Mariano and Canet y Longas, Mariano

Subjects
Industria y Artes
Abstract

Informe de Mariano Canet por la Comisión nombrada para estudiar la solicitud presentada el 10 de diciembre de 1805, por Mariano Bielsa, fabricante de pañuelos grandes de seda, pidiendo un premio. Dicho informe es favorable a la concesión del premio.

Published
1806

26. Mariano Canet y Longas comunica haber recibido, procedente del legado de D. Vícente Blasco, la carta orden original del Consejo en que S.M. aprobaba los Estatutos de la Sociedad. Remite dicho documento

Author

Canet y Longas, Mariano, Blaco, Vicente, and Sociedad Económica de Amigos del País. Valencia

Subjects
Varios
Abstract

Mariano Canet y Longas comunica haber recibido, procedente del legado de D. Vícente Blasco, la carta orden original del Consejo en que S.M. aprobaba los Estatutos de la Sociedad. Remite dicho documento.

Published
1814

28. Carta del Conde de Contamina, Director de la Sociedad, al priorr de la 71 Cartuja de Prtaceli, Fray Jaime Roig, preguntándole si es cierto que en su distrito hay minas de cobre y respuesta del mismo

Author

Roig y Benet, Jaime (O. Cart), Canet y Longas, Mariano, and Contamina. Conde de

Subjects
Varios
Abstract

Carta del Conde de Contamina, Director de la Sociedad, al priorr de la 71 Cartuja de Prtaceli, Fray Jaime Roig, preguntándole si es cierto que en su distrito hay minas de cobre y respuesta del mismo.

Published
1792

30. Memorial de D. Isidro Blanco, e informe de D. Joaquín Lacroix y D. Mariano Canet sobre el establecimiento de una fábrica de canutillos, ojuelas y otros géneros de cobre plateado y dorado

Author

Blanco, Isidoro, Canet y Longas, Mariano, and Croix y Vidal, Joaquín de la

Subjects
Industria y Artes
Abstract

Memorial de D. Isidro Blanco, e informe de D. Joaquín Lacroix y D. Mariano Canet sobre el establecimiento de una fábrica de canutillos, ojuelas y otros géneros de cobre plateado y dorado.

Published
1801

32. Mother-to-child transmission of HIV infection in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy

Author

Giaquinto, C., Ruga, E., Anita De Rossi, Grosch-Worner, I., Mok, J., Jose, I., Bates, I., Hawkins, F., Guevara, C. L., Pena, J. M., Garcia, J. G., Lopez, J. R. A., Garcia-Rodriguez, M. C., Asensi-Botet, F., Otero, M. C., Perez-Tamarit, D. P., Suarez, G., Scherpbier, H., Kreyenbroek, M., Boer, K., Bohlin, A. B., Lindgren, S., Ehrnst, A., Belfrage, E., Naver, L., Lidman, K., Anzen, B., Levy, J., Barlow, P., Hainaut, M., Peltier, A., Goetghebuer, T., Ferrazin, A., Bassetti, D., Maria, A., Gotta, C., Mur, A., Paya, A., Vinolas, M., Lopez-Vilchez, M. A., Rovira, Carreras, R., Valerius, N. H., Jimenez, J., Coll, O., Suy, A., Perez, J. M., Fortuny, C., Caro, M. C., Canet, Y., Savasi, V., Vigano, A., Ferrazi, E., Alberico, S., Rabusin, M., Bernardon, M., Taylor, G. P., Lyall, E. G. H., Penn, Z., Buffolano, W., Tiseo, R., Martinelli, P., Agangi, A., Sansone, M., Tibaldi, C., Marini, S., Masuelli, G., Benedetto, C., Niemiec, T., Marczynska, M., Horban, A., and European Collaborative, Study

33. The mother-to-child HIV transmission epidemic in Europe: evolving in the East and established in the West

Author

Giaquinto, C., Rampon, O., D Elia, R., Anita De Rossi, Grosch-Woerner, I., Feiterna-Sperling, C., Schmitz, T., Casteleyn, S., Mok, J., Jose, I., Bates, I., Larru, B., Pena, J. M., Garcia, J. Gonzalez, Lopez, J. R. Arribas, Garcia-Rodriguez, M. C., Asensi-Botet, F., Otero, M. C., Perez-Tamarit, D., Suarez, G., Scherpbier, H., Kreyenbroek, M., Godfried, M. H., Nellen, F. J., Boer, K., Bohlin, A. B., Lindgren, S., Belfrage, E., Naver, L., Anzen, B., Lidman, K., Levy, J., Hainaut, M., Goetghebuer, T., Manigart, Y., Barlow, P., Ferrazin, A., Bassetti, D., Maria, A., Bentivoglio, G., Ferrero, S., Gotta, C., Mur, A., Paya, A., Lopez-Vilchez, M. A., Carreras, R., Valerius, N. H., Jimenez, J., Coll, O., Suy, A., Perez, J. M., Fortuny, C., Boguna, J., Caro, M. Casellas, Canet, Y., Pardi, G., Ravizza, M., Guerra, B., Lanari, M., Bianchi, S., Bovicelli, L., Prati, E., Duse, M., Scaravelli, G., Stegagno, M., Santis, M., Savasi, V., Ferrazzi, E., Vigano, A., Giacomet, V., Probizer, F. Ravagni, Maccabruni, A., Bucceri, A., Rancilio, L., Alberico, S., Rabusin, M., Bernardon, M., Taylor, G. P., Lyall, E. G. H., Penn, Z., Buffolano, W., Tiseo, R., Martinelli, P., Sansone, M., Agangi, A., Tibaldi, C., Marini, S., Masuelli, G., Benedetto, C., Niemiec, T., Marczynska, M., Oldakowska, A., Kaflik, M., Posokhova, S., Kaleeva, T., Stelmah, A., Kiseleva, G., and European Collaborative, Study

34. Institutiones filosoficae

Author

Guimera, Francisco, Canet y Longas, Estanislao, Guimera, Francisco, and Canet y Longas, Estanislao

Abstract

Incipit : "Nihil antiquires hab, amantissimi auditores,", Colofón., Enc. perg., Anotación mss : "Logica de Stanislao Canet y Longas", Explicit : "... cognoscantur quam eorum causal. [colofón]", 9 h. de grab. calc. de diversos Santos.

35. Cicular impresa remitida y firmada por Luis Torrens, de Tarragona, pidiendo a la Sociedad su apoyo para vender los tejidos de algodón fabricados bajo su dirección para dar trabajo y evitar la mendicidad. El 28 de octubre, Mariano Canet y Francisco Peyroló

Author

Torrens, Luis, Canet y Longas, Mariano, Peyrolón, Francisco, Torrens, Luis, Canet y Longas, Mariano, and Peyrolón, Francisco

Abstract

Cicular impresa remitida y firmada por Luis Torrens, de Tarragona, pidiendo a la Sociedad su apoyo para vender los tejidos de algodón fabricados bajo su dirección para dar trabajo y evitar la mendicidad. El 28 de octubre, Mariano Canet y Francisco Peyrolón, emiten su opinión de que estos tejidos se vendrían poco por su elevado precio.

38. Carta del Conde de Contamina, Director de la Sociedad, al priorr de la 71 Cartuja de Prtaceli, Fray Jaime Roig, preguntándole si es cierto que en su distrito hay minas de cobre y respuesta del mismo

Author

Roig y Benet, Jaime (O. Cart), Canet y Longas, Mariano, Contamina. Conde de, Roig y Benet, Jaime (O. Cart), Canet y Longas, Mariano, and Contamina. Conde de

Abstract

Carta del Conde de Contamina, Director de la Sociedad, al priorr de la 71 Cartuja de Prtaceli, Fray Jaime Roig, preguntándole si es cierto que en su distrito hay minas de cobre y respuesta del mismo.

41. Memorial de D. Isidro Blanco, e informe de D. Joaquín Lacroix y D. Mariano Canet sobre el establecimiento de una fábrica de canutillos, ojuelas y otros géneros de cobre plateado y dorado

Author

Blanco, Isidoro, Canet y Longas, Mariano, Croix y Vidal, Joaquín de la, Blanco, Isidoro, Canet y Longas, Mariano, and Croix y Vidal, Joaquín de la

Abstract

Memorial de D. Isidro Blanco, e informe de D. Joaquín Lacroix y D. Mariano Canet sobre el establecimiento de una fábrica de canutillos, ojuelas y otros géneros de cobre plateado y dorado.

46. Informe de Mariano Canet por la Comisión nombrada para estudiar la solicitud presentada el 10 de diciembre de 1805, por Mariano Bielsa, fabricante de pañuelos grandes de seda, pidiendo un premio. Dicho informe es favorable a la concesión del premio

Author

Bielsa, Mariano, Canet y Longas, Mariano, Bielsa, Mariano, and Canet y Longas, Mariano

Abstract

Informe de Mariano Canet por la Comisión nombrada para estudiar la solicitud presentada el 10 de diciembre de 1805, por Mariano Bielsa, fabricante de pañuelos grandes de seda, pidiendo un premio. Dicho informe es favorable a la concesión del premio.

48. Mariano Canet y Longas comunica haber recibido, procedente del legado de D. Vícente Blasco, la carta orden original del Consejo en que S.M. aprobaba los Estatutos de la Sociedad. Remite dicho documento

Author

Canet y Longas, Mariano, Blaco, Vicente, Sociedad Económica de Amigos del País. Valencia, Canet y Longas, Mariano, Blaco, Vicente, and Sociedad Económica de Amigos del País. Valencia

Abstract

Mariano Canet y Longas comunica haber recibido, procedente del legado de D. Vícente Blasco, la carta orden original del Consejo en que S.M. aprobaba los Estatutos de la Sociedad. Remite dicho documento.

50. Cicular impresa remitida y firmada por Luis Torrens, de Tarragona, pidiendo a la Sociedad su apoyo para vender los tejidos de algodón fabricados bajo su dirección para dar trabajo y evitar la mendicidad. El 28 de octubre, Mariano Canet y Francisco Peyroló

Author

Torrens, Luis, Canet y Longas, Mariano, Peyrolón, Francisco, Torrens, Luis, Canet y Longas, Mariano, and Peyrolón, Francisco

Abstract

Cicular impresa remitida y firmada por Luis Torrens, de Tarragona, pidiendo a la Sociedad su apoyo para vender los tejidos de algodón fabricados bajo su dirección para dar trabajo y evitar la mendicidad. El 28 de octubre, Mariano Canet y Francisco Peyrolón, emiten su opinión de que estos tejidos se vendrían poco por su elevado precio.

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