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Abstract The establishment of industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) fields near row crops has raised concerns about the potential adverse effects of herbicide drift on hemp production. This study examined hemp susceptibility to drift of herbicides registered for use in corn and/or soybeans. Herbicide solutions (2,4-D, dicamba, glufosinate, glyphosate, imazethapyr, lactofen, mesotrione) were applied separately in the wind tunnel (3.6 m s−1 airspeed), simulating drift scenarios, with conventional TP95015EVS (TP) and air inclusion AI95015EVS (AI) flat fan nozzles calibrated to deliver 140 L ha−1 carrier volume at 230 kPa. Mylar cards and hemp plants (20–25 cm tall) were placed downwind up to 12 m. Spray deposition from mylar cards was quantified using fluorometry and hemp biomass was collected 21 post application. Results indicated the nozzle design influenced downwind deposition; 5% of spray deposits from the TP nozzle reached 5.9 m downwind versus 2.0 m for the AI nozzle. Glyphosate, glufosinate, and mesotrione caused the highest biomass reductions, with 50% reductions observed at 19.3 (inferred), 8.7, and 9.3 m downwind for TP nozzle, and 4.1, 4.0, and 2.9 m for AI nozzle. These findings suggest herbicide applications at airspeeds of 3.6 m s−1 or greater present a risk to nearby hemp fields.

Abstract The recent surge in the plant-based protein market has resulted in high demands for soybean genotypes with improved grain yield, seed protein and oil content, and essential amino acids (EAAs). Given the quantitative nature of these traits, complex interactions among seed components, as well as between seed components and environmental factors and management practices, add complexity to the development of desired genotypes. In this study, the across-environment seed protein stability of 449 genetically diverse plant introductions was assessed, revealing that genotypes may display varying sensitivities to such environmental stimuli. The EAAs valine, phenylalanine, and threonine showed the highest variable importance toward the variation in stability, while both seed protein and oil contents were among the explanatory variables with the lowest importance. In addition, 56 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers were significantly associated with various seed components. Despite the strong phenotypic Pearson’s correlation observed among most seed components, many independent genomic regions associated with one or few seed components were identified. These findings provide insights for improving the seed concentration of specific EAAs and reducing the negative correlation between seed protein and oil contents.

The designation of type material is a crucial step in taxonomy. It enables the establishment of a strong morphological reference for plant species description and identification. In the current work, we investigated the MUSE-preserved collections to trace back the original study material employed by Francesco Facchini to describe Sempervivum dolomiticum Facchini. This chasmophyte is an Italian endemic occurring in the eastern Dolomites. A lectotype and an isotype have been designated.

The availability of high-dimensional genomic data and advancements in genome-based prediction models (GP) have revolutionized and contributed to accelerated genetic gains in soybean breeding programs. GP-based sparse testing is a promising concept that allows increasing the testing capacity of genotypes in environments, of genotypes or environments at a fixed cost, or a substantial reduction of costs at a fixed testing capacity. This study represents the first attempt to implement GP-based sparse testing in soybeans by evaluating different training set compositions going from non-overlapped RILs until almost the other extreme of having same set of genotypes observed across environments for different training set sizes. A total of 1,755 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) tested in nine environments were used in this study. RILs were derived from 39 bi-parental populations of the Soybean Nested Association Mapping (NAM) project. The predictive abilities of various models and training set sizes and compositions were investigated. Training compositions included a range of ratios of overlapping (O-RILs) and non-overlapping (NO-RILs) RILs across environments, as well as a methodology to maximize or minimize the genetic diversity in a fixed-size sample. Reducing the training set size compromised predictive ability in most training set compositions. Overall, maximizing the genetic diversity within the training set and the inclusion of O-RILs increased prediction accuracy given a fixed training set size; however, the most complex model was less affected by these factors. More testing environments in the early stages of the breeding pipeline can provide a more comprehensive assessment of genotype stability and adaptation which are fundamental for the precise selection of superior genotypes adapted to a wide range of environments.

Il numero apre, in via sperimentale, a una riflessione sul Monumento memoriale attraverso il coinvolgimento operativo, in un concorso di progettazione, dei dottorandi in architettura con la partecipazione vincolante di uno scultore. Il progetto di un memoriale celebrativo in cinque contesti di singolare valore ha visto un’iniziale selezione degli elaborati di primo grado (abstract, bozzetto, modello), da parte di una giuria presieduta da Paolo Icaro, maestro scultore, con Carmen Andriani, ordinario in composizione architettonica. Una giuria d’eccezione, quindi, che ha saputo riprendere certe costanti di impegno morale presenti in alcuni straordinari concorsi nazionali di progettazione tra gli anni Sessanta e Settanta del Novecento. Questo scritto si discosta pertanto da un editoriale in senso tradizionale cercando, seppur con molte incertezze, di proporre un ragionamento oscillante tra scultura e architettura, tra tensione plastica e elementi del comporre, tra carattere “domestico” e “monumento di memoria”, tra “tensione al rientro” e critica militante.

With the growth of the digital games market, the occurrence of bugs in games has a significant impact and generates dissatisfaction among users. Therefore, conducting tests is necessary to avoid these events and ensure the quality of the distributed product. Among the tests that are performed in games, one that is particularly effective in identifying bugs from the user's perspective is exploratory testing, but this is little covered in game testing literature, not providing new testers with guides or paths to be used for specific occasions. This paper reports an experience of applying exploratory testing strategies in 2D and 3D platform games. We selected seven well-known strategies of exploratory testing and conducted a study that involved the definition of a game testing procedure and proper adaptations for the games under test. By applying the game testing procedure, several bugs with low, medium and high severity were uncovered. The lessons learned and routines carried out in this study can be used by new testers in games of the same category, in an attempt to obtain better results.

Abstract Background Chronic migraine (CM) is a disabling condition with high prevalence in the general population. Until the recent approval of monoclonal antibodies targeting the calcitonin gene-related peptide (Anti-CGRP mAbs), OnabotulinumtoxinA (BoNT-A) was the only treatment specifically approved for CM prophylaxis. Direct comparisons between the two treatments are not available so far. Methods We performed an observational, retrospective, multicenter study in Italy to compare the real-world effectiveness of Anti-CGRP mAbs and BoNT-A. Patients with CM who had received either treatment according to Italian prescribing regulations were extracted from available clinical databases. Efficacy outcomes included the change from baseline in monthly headache days (MHD), MIgraine Disability ASsessment test (MIDAS), and monthly acute medications (MAM) evaluated at 6 and 12 months of follow-up. The primary outcome was MHD change from baseline at 12 months. Safety outcomes included serious adverse events (SAE) and treatment discontinuation. Unadjusted and adjusted models were used for the analyses. Results Two hundred sixteen potentially eligible patients were screened; 183 (86 Anti-CGRP mAbs; 97 BoNT-A) were included. One hundred seventy-one (80 Anti-CGRP mAbs; 91 BoNT-A) and 154 (69 Anti-CGRP mAbs; 85 BoNT-A) patients were included in the efficacy analysis at 6 and 12 months of follow-up, respectively. Anti-CGRP mAbs and BoNT-A both resulted in a mean MHD reduction at 6 (-11.5 and -7.2 days, respectively; unadjusted mean difference -4.3; 95%CI -6.6 to -2.0; p = 0.0003) and 12 months (-11.9 and -7.6, respectively; unadjusted mean difference -4.4; 95%CI -6.8 to -2.0; p = 0.0002) of follow-up. Similar results were observed after adjusting for baseline confounders. Anti-CGRP mAbs showed a significant MIDAS (-31.7 and -19.2 points, p = 0.0001 and p = 0.0296, respectively) and MAM reduction (-5.1 and -3.1 administrations, p = 0.0023 and p = 0.0574, respectively) compared to BoNT-A at 6 and 12 months. No SAEs were reported. One patient receiving fremanezumab discontinued treatment due to arthralgia. Treatment discontinuations, mainly for inefficacy, were comparable. Conclusion Both Anti-CGRP mAbs and BoNT-A were effective in CM patients with Anti-CGRP mAbs presenting higher effect magnitude, with comparable safety. Still, BoNT-A remains a valuable option for CM patients with contraindications to Anti-CGRP mAbs or for frail categories who are candidates to local therapy with limited risk of systemic administration. Graphical Abstract

Abstract Objective: To analyse the purchase of food for school feeding, according to the extent and purpose of industrial processing and variety, exploring the feasibility of achieving the requirements and recommendations of the Brazilian School Feeding Programme, and the variety of unprocessed or minimally processed foods according to the purchase of ultra-processed foods. Design: Secondary data from 2016 from the Accountability Management System of the National Fund for Educational Development, concerning the food items purchased, were used to explore the feasibility of the requirements and recommendations. The foods were grouped according to the NOVA classification system. Variety was assessed by counting different types of unprocessed or minimally processed foods. Setting: Brazil. Participants: 3698 Brazilian municipalities. Results: Energy share from unprocessed or minimally processed foods was 44·1 % while that of ultra-processed foods was 29·9 %. The average of unprocessed or minimally processed food types purchased annually was 33·8 items. Of the municipalities, 35·8 % were within the limit established for the expenditure of funds for the purchase of processed and ultra-processed foods, while 8·7 % followed the recommendation for variety. The proportion of ultra-processed foods did not influence the variety of food items purchased. Conclusions: The results showed the feasibility of achieving the requirements and recommendations and underscored the importance of continued efforts to promote the inclusion of unprocessed or minimally processed foods in the school feeding programme while addressing the challenges associated with expenditure limits of processed and ultra-processed foods and enhancing variety, which is strategic to promote adequate and healthy meals.

ABSTRACT Background: Musculoskeletal inflammatory lesions in chronic Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) infection have not been thoroughly assessed using whole-body magnetic resonance imaging (WBMRI). This study aimed to determine the prevalence of these lesions in such patients. Methods: From September 2018 to February 2019, patients with positive Chikungunya-specific serology (Immunoglobulin M/Immunoglobulin G anti-CHIKV), with a history of polyarthralgia for > 6 months prior to MRI with no pre-existing rheumatic disorders, underwent 3T WBMRI and localized MRI. The evaluation focused on musculoskeletal inflammatory lesions correlated with chronic CHIKV infection. Pain levels were assessed using a visual analogue scale on the same day as WBMRI. Results: The study included 86 patients of whom 26 met the inclusion criteria. All patients reported pain and most (92.3%) categorized it as moderate or severe. The most common finding across joints was effusion, particularly in the tibiotalar joint (57.7%) and bursitis, with the retrocalcaneal bursa most affected (48.0%). Tenosynovitis was prevalent in the flexor compartment of the hands (44.2%), while Kager fat pad and soleus edema were also observed. Bone marrow edema-like signals were frequently seen in the sacroiliac joints (19.2%). Most WBMRI findings were classified as mild. Conclusions: This study represents the first utilization of 3T WBMRI to assess musculoskeletal inflammatory disorders in chronic CHIKV infection. The aim was to identify the most affected joints and prevalent lesions, providing valuable insights for future research and clinical management of this condition regarding understanding disease pathophysiology, developing targeted treatment strategies, and using advanced imaging techniques in the assessment of musculoskeletal manifestations.

Background Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis disease (ALS) is also called the disease of a thousand farewells. Consequently, it is important to offer supportive care interventions that can be applied continuously during the whole course of the disease. People with ALS are interested in complementary and integrative medicine. Due to ALS’ progressive nature, digital solutions might be most feasible and accessible for people with ALS in the long-term. Objectives In our study, we explored with stakeholders which digital complementary and integrative medicine interventions and formats are considered as supportive for people with ALS, and which settings are needed by the people with ALS to incorporate the interventions in everyday life. Methods We used a participatory research approach and conducted a stakeholder engagement process, applying a design thinking process with qualitative research methods (interviews, workshops). Results Due to the unpredictable course of the disease on their loss of abilities, people with ALS welcome online settings because they are accessible and easy to implement in their daily life. Stakeholders considered the following implementation factors for a complementary and integrative medicine intervention as essential: short-term realization of planned interventions, short duration of interventions, and user-friendliness in terms of accessibility and applicability. Concerning the complementary and integrative medicine interventions, the people with ALS preferred mind body medicine interventions, such as breathing, mindfulness and relaxation exercises. Conclusions Short-term treatment intervals and short online mind body medicine interventions align with the needs of people with ALS. The complementary and integrative medicine interventions as well as the digital infrastructure must meet the special accessibility and applicability needs of people with ALS.

Abstract Objective To present the update of the recommendations of the Brazilian College of Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging, the Brazilian Society of Mastology and the Brazilian Federation of Associations of Gynecology and Obstetrics for breast cancer screening in Brazil. Methods Scientific evidence published in Medline, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, EBSCO, CINAHL and Lilacs databases between January 2012 and July 2022 was searched. Recommendations were based on this evidence by consensus of the expert committee of the three entities. Recommendations Annual mammography screening is recommended for women at usual risk aged 40–74 years. Above 75 years, it should be reserved for those with a life expectancy greater than seven years. Women at higher than usual risk, including those with dense breasts, with a personal history of atypical lobular hyperplasia, classic lobular carcinoma in situ, atypical ductal hyperplasia, treatment for breast cancer or chest irradiation before age 30, or even, carriers of a genetic mutation or with a strong family history, benefit from complementary screening, and should be considered individually. Tomosynthesis is a form of mammography and should be considered in screening whenever accessible and available.

Abstract Objective: To map the scientific research on food environments in Brazil, based on the following questions: How many studies have addressed food environments?; What study designs and methodological approaches were applied?; What is the geographic scope of the studies?; What scenarios and dimensions of food environments were studied?; Which population groups were studied?; How were food environments conceptualised?; What are the main limitations of the studies? Design: Scoping review conducted in four databases, from January 2005 to December 2022, using different food environment-related terms to cover the main types and dimensions proposed in the literature. The studies were independently selected by two authors. A narrative synthesis was used to summarise the findings. Setting: Brazil. Participants: 130 articles. Results: Scientific research on Brazilian food environments has been increasing. The analytical quantitative approach and the cross-sectional design were the most frequently used. Most articles were published in English. The majority of studies evaluated the community food environment, addressed aspects of the physical dimension, sampled the adult population, had food consumption as an outcome, used primary data, and were carried out in capital cities in the Southeast region. Furthermore, in most articles, no conceptual model was explicitly adopted. Conclusions: Gaps in literature are related to the need for conducting studies in the Brazilian countryside, the support for the formulation of research questions based on conceptual models, the use of valid and reliable instruments to collect primary data, in addition to the need for a greater number of longitudinal, intervention and qualitative studies.

Particle drift happens during herbicide application when droplets travel outside the intended site. Different nozzles produce various range of droplets, so they play a very important role in coverage and drift occasions. When nozzles produce small droplets, the potential for off-target movement is very high. Another important factor determining particle drift is the distance between crops. Wind velocity gives the energy to herbicide particles to move away from the target place. Therefore, a drift simulation of herbicide (mesotrione and rimsulfuron plus thifensulfuron-methyl mixture) was done in a wind tunnel, using different nozzles Extended Range (XR) and Turbo TeeJet Induction (TTI). The wind speed was set at 4.4 m/s, representing the least favourable conditions where applications are possible. In the wind tunnel, eight crops (cantaloupe, cotton, green bean, pumpkin, soybean, sunflower, wheat, and watermelon) were positioned at 4, 6, 9, and 12 m downwind distances from the nozzle, and drift was simulated. Following treatments, plants were returned to a greenhouse for 28 days, and biomass reduction was recorded. Artificial collectors (Mylar cards) and water sensitive cards were positioned alongside plants. According to obtained results, spraying with XR nozzle influences higher injuries than TTI nozzle. Tracer deposition was higher at all distances when XR nozzle was used. Accordingly, droplet numbers, covered area, Volume Median Diameter (VMD), and deposition were higher on water sensitive cards when spraying were done using XR nozzle. As a consequence, higher biomass reduction occurred using the XR nozzle. The most sensitive crops were cantaloupe, pumpkin and sunflower, while the most tolerant were soybean and wheat.

Abstract Background Many oncology physicians are confronted with the topic of complementary and integrative medicine (CIM) by cancer patients. This study examined whether a blended learning (e-learning and a workshop) to train oncology physicians in providing advice on CIM therapies to their cancer patients, in addition to distributing an information leaflet about reputable CIM websites, had different effects on physician-reported outcomes in regard to consultations compared with only distributing the leaflet. Methods In a multicenter, cluster-randomized trial, 48 oncology physicians were randomly allocated to an intervention group (CIM consultation and an information leaflet) or a control group (information leaflet only). After the training, the oncology physicians conducted 297 consultations with their cancer patients. Measurements were assessed at oncology physician, physician–patient-interaction (measured by external reviewers), and patient levels. This analysis focused on the physician outcomes of stress reaction and perceived consultation skill competency. In addition, qualitative interviews were conducted with a subsample of oncology physicians who experienced both, the intervention and control condition. Results The oncology physicians in the intervention group showed a lower stress reaction in all measured dimensions after CIM consultations than those in the control group. There was no significant difference between oncology physicians in the intervention and control groups regarding the perceived consultation skill competency (overburden: intervention 1.4 [95% CI: 0.7;2.1]; control 2.1 [95% CI: 1.4;2.7], tension: 1.3 [95% CI: 0.7;2.0] vs. 1.9 [95% CI: 1.3;2.5], and discomfort with consultation situations: 1.0 [95% CI: 0.4;1.7]; vs. 1.7 [95% CI: 1.2;2.3]). The qualitative data showed that only providing the leaflet seemed impersonal to oncology physicians, while the training made them feel well prepared to conduct a full conversation about CIM and provide the information leaflet. Conclusions In our exploratory study providing structured CIM consultations showed positive effects on the perceived stress of oncology physicians, and the training was subjectively experienced as an approach that improved physician preparation for advising cancer patients about CIM, however no effects regarding perceived consultation skill competency were found. Trial registration The trial registration number of the KOKON-KTO study is DRKS00012704 in the German Clinical Trials Register (Date of registration: 28.08.2017).

Genebanks, other than their pivotal role as diversity conservation repositories, regenerate part of their collection every year to maintain their material in optimal conditions. During regeneration cycles, morpho-physiological data are collected, contributing to the creation of large datasets that offer a valuable resource of information. In Italy, rice cultivation has been documented since the second half of the 15th century, and nowadays, Italy contributes more than 50% of the total European rice production. The ex situ collection of rice (mainly Oryza sativa L. subgroup japonica) held at the Research Center for Cereal and Industrial Crops (CREA-CI) of Vercelli is quite unique in Italy and its establishment dates back to the beginning of the 20th century. The collection is hereby presented through the analysis of 21 years of historic data, from 2001 to 2022, in 17 different locations in Northern Italy, for a total of 6592 entries, 677 genotypes analyzed and 9 phenotypic traits under investigation. An R script has been developed to analyze the dataset. The BLUEs calculation, heritability, PCA and correlation with weather data provided a comprehensive overview of the germplasm stored in the genebank. The great variability and phenotypic diversity were assessed, key aspects from the perspective of breeding programs. This work starts a re-evaluation of historic data, historic cultivars, and represents the first step toward the shift of the genebank to a bio-digital resource center.

Abstract The evolution in imaging evaluation of musculoskeletal sarcomas contributed to a significant improvement in the prognosis and survival of patients with these neoplasms. The precise characterization of these lesions, using the most appropriate imaging modalities to each clinical condition presented, is of paramount importance in the design of the therapeutic approach to be instituted, with a direct impact on clinical outcomes. The present article seeks to update the reader regarding imaging methodologies in the context of local and systemic evaluation of bone sarcomas and soft tissues.

Abstract The NOVA classification system categorizes foods according to the extent and purpose of industrial processing. Ultra-processed food products (UPF) are frequently composed of excessive amounts of sugars, salt, oils, and fats, and cosmetic additives designed to make them palatable and/or appealing. We aimed to describe the presence of critical nutrients in excess and cosmetic additives in packaged foods and beverages and to evaluate the proportion of UPF that can be correctly identified through the presence of critical nutrients in excess or the presence of cosmetic additives in food products. A total of 9851 items available in Brazilian supermarkets containing lists of ingredients and nutrition facts panels were analyzed. Cosmetic additives and critical nutrients in excess, according to Pan American Health Organization (PAHO)’s nutrient profile model, were assessed. All food items were categorized into the four NOVA classification groups. Relative frequencies of items with at least one critical nutrient in excess and one type of cosmetic additive were estimated. For UPF, 82.1% had some cosmetic additive, and 98.8% had some cosmetic additive or a nutrient in excess. This combined criterion allowed the identification of 100.0% of sweet cookies, salted biscuits, margarine, cakes and sweet pies, chocolate, dairy beverages, and ice cream. Combining the presence of cosmetic additives and the PAHO’s nutrient profile model contributes to the identification of UPF.

Abstract Background Cancer patients often search for information about their health conditions online. Cancer patient narratives have established themselves as a way of providing information and education but also as an effective approach to improving coping with the disease. Objective We investigated how people affected by cancer perceive cancer patient narratives and whether such stories can potentially improve coping during their own cancer journeys. Additionally, we reflected on whether our co‐creative citizen science approach can contribute to gaining knowledge about cancer survival stories and providing peer support. Design, Setting and Stakeholders We applied a co‐creative citizen science approach by using quantitative and qualitative research methods with stakeholders (i.e., cancer patients, their relatives, friends and health professionals). Main Outcome Measures Understandability and perceived benefits of cancer survival stories, coping, emotional reactions to the stories and helpful characteristics of the stories. Results Cancer survival stories were considered intelligible and beneficial, and they potentially support positive emotions and coping in people affected by cancer. Together with the stakeholders, we identified four main characteristics that evoked positive emotions and that were considered especially helpful: (1) positive attitudes towards life, (2) encouraging cancer journeys, (3) individual coping strategies for everyday challenges and (4) openly shared vulnerabilities. Conclusions Cancer survival stories potentially support positive emotions and coping in people affected by cancer. A citizen science approach is suitable for identifying relevant characteristics of cancer survival stories and may become a helpful educational peer support resource for people coping with cancer. Patient or Public Contributions We adopted a co‐creative citizen science approach, wherein citizens and researchers were equally involved throughout the entire project.