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Objectives: To determine whether vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) is associated with sexual activity between women. Study Design: Cross-sectional survey of 708 new patients attending 2 sexual health clinics for lesbians and bisexual women in London, UK. Questionnaire for demographic variables, sexual history, symptoms, and sexual practice data linked with the results of Gram stain and/or culture of vaginal preparations for identification of Candida species. Results: VVC (either symptomatic or asymptomatic) was common in this sample of women who have sex with women (18.4%). Logistic regression showed that VVC was significantly associated with larger numbers of female sexual partners in the previous year [OR 2.18 (CI 1.35-3.53) for 2 female partners compared with l) or 1] but not with specific sexual practices, numbers of male partners, use of lubricants or vaginal douching. Conclusions: The increasing odds of candidiasis with greater numbers of female sexual partners raises the possibility that Candida species could be sexually transmitted between women.

A study was conducted to determine whether there is an association between recurrent vulvovaginal candida and chronic stress. The higher incidence of vulvovaginal infections in these women compared with control subjects might reflect impaired immunity that might be due to chronic stress.

Byline: Jack D. Sobel (a), Sabastian Faro (b), Rex W. Force (c), Betsy Foxman (d), William J. Ledger (e), Paul R. Nyirjesy (f), Barbara D. Reed (g), Paul R. Summers (h) Abstract: Although it is the second most common vaginal infection in North America, vulvovaginal candidiasis is a non-notifiable disease and has been excluded from the ranks of sexually transmitted diseases. Not surprisingly, vulvovaginal candidiasis has received scant attention by public health authorities, funding agencies, and researchers. Epidemiologic data on risk factors and pathogenic mechanisms remain inadequately studied. Most important, standards of care, including diagnosis and therapy, remain undefined. A conference was held in April 1996 to define and summarize what is known and supported by scientific data in the areas of epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment of vulvovaginal candidiasis; but, more important, the conference aimed at defining what is not known, poorly studied, and controversial. Guidelines for the treatment and diagnosis of the different forms of vulvovaginal candidiasis are suggested. Author Affiliation: (a) Division of Infectious Diseases, Wayne State University School of Medicine Detroit, Michigan, USA (b) Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Rush University, Chicago, Illinois, USA (c) Department of Family Medicine, Idaho State University Pocatello, Idaho, USA (d) Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA (e) Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cornell University Medical College, New York, New York, USA (f) Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA (g) Department of Family Practice, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA (h) Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA Article Note: (footnote) a This consensus conference on vulvovaginal candidiasis was underwritten through an unrestricted educational gift from Pfizer, Inc., US Pharmaceuticals Group. Presented at the consensus conference, 'Vulvovaginal Candidiasis -- A Contemporary Approach to Recognition and Management,' Orlando, Florida, April 25-26, 1996.

A 47-year-old Hispanic man was brought to the emergency department (ED) by the emergency medical service after suffering a grand mal seizure at home approximately 45 minutes before his arrival. [...]

This article examines diagnosis and treatment of candidiasis vaginitis or thrush, the common fungal infection of the vagina. Topics include causes of a candida infection, antifungal agents used to treat the infection, and preventative measures for recurrent thrush.

OTC Antifungal Drug Misuse Associated With Patient-Diagnosed Vulvovaginal Candidiasis Abstract & Commentary Synopsis: Slightly more than one half of women who purchased antifungal vaginal medications in this survey had demonstrable [...]

Differentiation of Gardnerella vaginalis, Candida albicans, and Trichomonas vaginalis Infections of the Vagina In 1914 Curtis [1] noted that knowledge of leukorrhea was unsatisfactory and incomplete: Physicians neither appreciated the [...]

PHILADELPHIA -- Vaginal yeast species can be diagnosed quickly and accurately using real-time polymerase chain reaction and pyrosequencing, an investigational technique for determining DNA sequence, Jason Trama, Ph.D., reported in [...]

Recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis often isn't. Recurrent bacterial vaginosis, genital herpes, and contact dermatitis are among the many entities that tend to be misdiagnosed as candida infections in women with recurrent [...]

ASHEVILLE, N.C. -- All that itches is not candida. In fact, most patients with vulvar itching and irritation do not have candida infections. Allergic, contact, or irritant dermatitis is more [...]

G. M. Duke-Wing M. Rowland Objective: Candida in women is diagnosed in GU clinics by direct microscopy of vaginal smears and/or culture of high vaginal swabs. A review of 100 [...]