77 results on '"Candice C, Black"'
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2. Overcoming Educational Challenges and Impact of COVID-19 in a Pathology Residency Program
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Andres E. Mindiola Romero MD, Candice C. Black DO, and Christopher R. Jackson MD
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Pathology ,RB1-214 - Abstract
Our program in is a 4-year combined anatomic pathology (AP) and clinical pathology (CP) program located in New Hampshire. Prior to the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, double-headed sign-outs and multi-headed scope didactic conferences took place daily. On the autopsy service, cases were performed in-house under attending supervision, and forensic cases were performed at the off-site Office of the Medical Examiner. In CP, residents engaged in weekly didactic CP lectures and engaged in in-person resident-attending discussions, laboratory rounds, and direct patient contact on a daily basis. Institutional Universal Guidelines from the Emergency Order from New Hampshire were imposed at the beginning of the pandemic. These included exposure mitigation and employee screening strategies. Changes to resident rotations and didactic sessions, strategies to maintain resident wellness, and the program director perspectives are described. Amid the pandemic, digital pathology, teleconferencing platforms, and social media became important resources for pathology education. Digital platforms allowed groups of people to communicate and watch live presentations while social distancing. In AP, whole slide imaging allowed both attendings and residents to scan slides for personal learning, slide conferences, and didactic learning sessions. Following these measures, we supported the clinical needs of our medical center and learning needs of our residents while enacting social distancing and prevention guidelines early in the pandemic. Although the full impact of COVID-19 on pathology residency programs is still unknown, we incorporated new facets of communication technologies. These were immensely helpful in maintaining social distancing and helping to reduce the spread of disease.
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- 2021
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3. Rapid EGFR mutation testing in lung cancer tissue samples using a fully automated system and single-use cartridge
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M. Rabie Al-Turkmani, Michael A. Suriawinata, Sophie J. Deharvengt, Donald C. Green, Candice C. Black, Keisuke Shirai, Konstantin H. Dragnev, and Gregory J. Tsongalis
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Medicine (General) ,R5-920 ,Chemistry ,QD1-999 - Abstract
Introduction: Activating mutations in the tyrosine kinase domain of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients predicts response to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). The Idylla™ system (Biocartis, Mechelen, Belgium) is a fully integrated, cartridge-based platform that provides automated sample processing and real-time PCR-based mutation detection in a single-use cartridge. This study evaluated the Idylla™ EGFR Mutation Assay cartridges against next-generation sequencing (NGS) using formalin fixed, paraffin embedded (FFPE) lung cancer tissue samples. Methods: Thirty-four FFPE lung adenocarcinoma tissue samples were tested on the Idylla™ system. 21 had at least one mutation in EGFR and 13 had no EGFR mutation as determined by NGS analysis using the Ion AmpliSeq 50-gene Cancer Hotspot Panel v2 (Thermo Fisher Scientific). One 10 μm FFPE tissue section was used for each Idylla™ test and all cases met the Idylla™ minimum tumor content requirement (≥10%). Results: Idylla™ results were in complete agreement with those obtained by NGS for EGFR mutations targeted by the Idylla™. NGS identified two additional EGFR mutations that are not targeted by the Idylla™ in two samples (E709V and V774M). No EGFR mutations were detected by the Idylla™ in samples determined by NGS as having wild-type EGFR. Conclusion: The fully automated Idylla™ system offers rapid and reliable testing for clinically actionable mutations in EGFR directly from FFPE tissue sections. Its simplicity and ease of use compared to other available molecular techniques make it suitable for routine clinical use in a variety of settings.
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- 2020
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4. Educational Case: Aspiration Pneumonia
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Candice C. Black DO, Ryland Richards MD, and Julianna M. Czum MD
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Pathology ,RB1-214 - Abstract
The following fictional case is intended as a learning tool within the Pathology Competencies for Medical Education (PCME), a set of national standards for teaching pathology. These are divided into three basic competencies: Disease Mechanisms and Processes, Organ System Pathology, and Diagnostic Medicine and Therapeutic Pathology. For additional information, and a full list of learning objectives for all three competencies, see http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/2374289517715040 . 1
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- 2019
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5. Experiential Teaching Paradigms: Adapting the Medical Education Literature to Academic Pathology Practice
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Candice C. Black DO
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Pathology ,RB1-214 - Abstract
The medical education literature has presented many experiential teaching paradigms to help faculty teach more effectively in busy clinical settings. Three prominent teaching models are The Aunt Minnie model, the SNAPPS model, and the One-Minute Preceptor. Teaching paradigms can help faculty to develop into effective teachers. Each of these models can be adapted to a busy academic pathology practice. The Aunt Minnie model is effective in cases with high pattern recognition, such as repetitive trays of biopsies. The SNAPPS model is learner directed and is easily adapted for an advanced learner with complex cases requiring ancillary testing. The One-Minute Preceptor method is effective for teachers with groups of learners, such as multiheaded scope sessions.
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- 2019
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6. Lung malignancy in prostate cancer: A report of both metastatic and primary lung lesions
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Lael Reinstatler, Jonathan Dupuis, Jessica L. Dillon, Candice C. Black, Joseph D. Phillips, and Elias S. Hyams
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Prostate cancer ,Metastatic prostate cancer ,Pulmonary metastases ,Diseases of the genitourinary system. Urology ,RC870-923 - Published
- 2018
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7. Data from UBE1L causes lung cancer growth suppression by targeting cyclin D1
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Ethan Dmitrovsky, Konstantin Dragnev, Bret A. Hassel, Jesper B. Andersen, Vincent Memoli, Lorenzo F. Sempere, Sumit J. Shah, Fabrizio Galimberti, Candice C. Black, Xi Liu, Yongli Guo, David Sekula, and Qing Feng
- Abstract
UBE1L is the E1-like ubiquitin-activating enzyme for the IFN-stimulated gene, 15-kDa protein (ISG15). The UBE1L-ISG15 pathway was proposed previously to target lung carcinogenesis by inhibiting cyclin D1 expression. This study extends prior work by reporting that UBE1L promotes a complex between ISG15 and cyclin D1 and inhibited cyclin D1 but not other G1 cyclins. Transfection of the UBE1L-ISG15 deconjugase, ubiquitin-specific protein 18 (UBP43), antagonized UBE1L-dependent inhibition of cyclin D1 and ISG15-cyclin D1 conjugation. A lysine-less cyclin D1 species was resistant to these effects. UBE1L transfection reduced cyclin D1 protein but not mRNA expression. Cycloheximide treatment augmented this cyclin D1 protein instability. UBE1L knockdown increased cyclin D1 protein. UBE1L was independently retrovirally transduced into human bronchial epithelial and lung cancer cells. This reduced cyclin D1 expression and clonal cell growth. Treatment with the retinoid X receptor agonist bexarotene induced UBE1L and reduced cyclin D1 immunoblot expression. A proof-of-principle bexarotene clinical trial was independently examined for UBE1L, ISG15, cyclin D1, and Ki-67 immunohistochemical expression profiles in pretreatment versus post-treatment tumor biopsies. Increased UBE1L with reduced cyclin D1 and Ki-67 expression occurred in human lung cancer when a therapeutic bexarotene intratumoral level was achieved. Thus, a mechanism for UBE1L-mediated growth suppression was found by UBE1L-ISG15 preferentially inhibiting cyclin D1. Molecular therapeutic implications are discussed. [Mol Cancer Ther 2008;7(12):3780–8]
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- 2023
8. Supplementary Data from A Proof-of-Principle Clinical Trial of Bexarotene in Patients with Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer
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Ethan Dmitrovsky, James R. Rigas, Andres Negro-Vilar, Thomas Hermann, William C. Nugent, Vincent Memoli, Candice C. Black, Lionel D. Lewis, Sumit J. Shah, W. Jeffrey Petty, and Konstantin H. Dragnev
- Abstract
Supplementary Data from A Proof-of-Principle Clinical Trial of Bexarotene in Patients with Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer
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- 2023
9. Data from A Proof-of-Principle Clinical Trial of Bexarotene in Patients with Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer
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Ethan Dmitrovsky, James R. Rigas, Andres Negro-Vilar, Thomas Hermann, William C. Nugent, Vincent Memoli, Candice C. Black, Lionel D. Lewis, Sumit J. Shah, W. Jeffrey Petty, and Konstantin H. Dragnev
- Abstract
Purpose: Bexarotene is a rexinoid (selective retinoid X receptor agonist) that affects proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis in preclinical studies. The relationship between bexarotene levels and biomarker changes in tumor tissues has not been previously studied.Experimental Design: BEAS-2B human bronchial epithelial (HBE) cells, retinoid-resistant BEAS-2B-R1 cells, A427, H226, and H358 lung cancer cells were treated with bexarotene. Proliferation and biomarker expression were assessed. In a proof-of-principle clinical trial, bexarotene tumor tissue levels and intratumoral pharmacodynamic effects were assessed in patients with stages I to II non–small cell lung cancer. Bexarotene (300 mg/m2/day) was administered p.o. for 7 to 9 days before resection.Results: Bexarotene-induced dosage-dependent repression of growth, cyclin D1, cyclin D3, total epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), and phospho-EGFR expression in BEAS-2B, BEAS-2B-R1, A427, and H358, but not H226 cells. Twelve patients were enrolled, and 10 were evaluable. Bexarotene treatment was well tolerated. There was nonlinear correlation between plasma and tumor bexarotene concentrations (r2 = 0.77). Biomarker changes in tumors were observed: repression of cyclin D1, total EGFR and proliferation in one case; repression of cyclin D3, total and phospho-EGFR in another. The cases with multiple biomarker changes had high tumor bexarotene (107-159 ng/g). A single biomarker change was detected in one case with low tumor bexarotene.Conclusion: Bexarotene represses proliferation and biomarker expression in responsive, but not resistant HBE and lung cancer cells. Similar biomarker changes occur in lung tumors when therapeutic intratumoral bexarotene levels are achieved. This proof-of-principle trial approach is useful to uncover pharmacodynamic mechanisms in vivo and relate these to intratumoral pharmacokinetic effects.
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- 2023
10. Clinical Genotyping of Non–Small Cell Lung Cancers Using Targeted Next-Generation Sequencing: Utility of Identifying Rare and Co-mutations in Oncogenic Driver Genes
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Laura J. Tafe, Kirsten J. Pierce, Jason D. Peterson, Francine de Abreu, Vincent A. Memoli, Candice C. Black, Jason R. Pettus, Jonathan D. Marotti, Edward J. Gutmann, Xiaoying Liu, Keisuke Shirai, Konstantin H. Dragnev, Christopher I. Amos, and Gregory J. Tsongalis
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Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens ,RC254-282 - Abstract
Detection of somatic mutations in non–small cell lung cancers (NSCLCs), especially adenocarcinomas, is important for directing patient care when targeted therapy is available. Here, we present our experience with genotyping NSCLC using the Ion Torrent Personal Genome Machine (PGM) and the AmpliSeq Cancer Hotspot Panel v2. We tested 453 NSCLC samples from 407 individual patients using the 50 gene AmpliSeq Cancer Hotspot Panel v2 from May 2013 to July 2015. Using 10 ng of DNA, up to 11 samples were simultaneously sequenced on the Ion Torrent PGM (316 and 318 chips). We identified variants with the Ion Torrent Variant Caller Plugin, and Golden Helix's SVS software was used for annotation and prediction of the significance of the variants. Three hundred ninety-eight samples were successfully sequenced (12.1% failure rate). In all, 633 variants in 41 genes were detected with a median of 2 (range of 0 to 7) variants per sample. Mutations detected in BRAF, EGFR, ERBB2, KRAS, NRAS, and PIK3CA were considered potentially actionable and were identified in 237 samples, most commonly in KRAS (37.9%), EGFR (11.1%), BRAF (4.8%), and PIK3CA (4.3%). In our patient population, all mutations in EGFR, KRAS, and BRAF were mutually exclusive. The Ion Torrent Ampliseq technology can be utilized on small biopsy and cytology specimens, requires very little input DNA, and can be applied in clinical laboratories for genotyping of NSCLC. This targeted next-generation sequencing approach allows for detection of common and also rare mutations that are clinically actionable in multiple patients simultaneously.
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- 2016
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11. Filamentous fungal carbon catabolite repression supports metabolic plasticity and stress responses essential for disease progression.
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Sarah R Beattie, Kenneth M K Mark, Arsa Thammahong, Laure Nicolas Annick Ries, Sourabh Dhingra, Alayna K Caffrey-Carr, Chao Cheng, Candice C Black, Paul Bowyer, Michael J Bromley, Joshua J Obar, Gustavo H Goldman, and Robert A Cramer
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Immunologic diseases. Allergy ,RC581-607 ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 - Abstract
Aspergillus fumigatus is responsible for a disproportionate number of invasive mycosis cases relative to other common filamentous fungi. While many fungal factors critical for infection establishment are known, genes essential for disease persistence and progression are ill defined. We propose that fungal factors that promote navigation of the rapidly changing nutrient and structural landscape characteristic of disease progression represent untapped clinically relevant therapeutic targets. To this end, we find that A. fumigatus requires a carbon catabolite repression (CCR) mediated genetic network to support in vivo fungal fitness and disease progression. While CCR as mediated by the transcriptional repressor CreA is not required for pulmonary infection establishment, loss of CCR inhibits fungal metabolic plasticity and the ability to thrive in the dynamic infection microenvironment. Our results suggest a model whereby CCR in an environmental filamentous fungus is dispensable for initiation of pulmonary infection but essential for infection maintenance and disease progression. Conceptually, we argue these data provide a foundation for additional studies on fungal factors required to support fungal fitness and disease progression and term such genes and factors, DPFs (disease progression factors).
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- 2017
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12. Examination of the Residency Interview Process for Academic Pathology Departments
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Candice C. Black DO
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Pathology ,RB1-214 - Abstract
Annual resident recruitment is a complex undertaking that requires many departmental resources of faculty time and effort and in many cases financial investment for meals and lodging. The applicants represent the future of the profession as well as the providers of patient care in the respective training programs. Although we understand the importance of this process, as we become more and more distracted by financial, administrative, and academic duties, the demands of recruitment have not decreased and continue annually. In an attempt to find the best practices for the improvement in our methods of recruitment, a review of the literature on the employment interviews with a specific eye to pathology residency relevant information was conducted. This article reviews some of the factors proven to be important to the applicants as well as an examination of the structure of the interview and the postinterview applicant evaluation process.
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- 2016
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13. Modeling the influence of vitamin D deficiency on cigarette smoke-induced emphysema.
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Mardi A. Crane-Godreau, Candice C. Black, Andrew J. Giustini, James A. Jukowsky, Jihan eRyu, Hong-Kee eLee, Tenzin eDechen, Katherine eBessette, Nora R. Ratcliffe, John A. Kelly, P. Jack Hoopes, Steven N. Fiering, and James C. Leiter
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Emphysema ,Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1 ,Vitamin D Deficiency ,chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ,pulmonary function tests ,second hand cigarette smoke ,Physiology ,QP1-981 - Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. While the primary risk factor for COPD is cigarette smoke exposure, vitamin D deficiency has been epidemiologically implicated as a factor in the progressive development of COPD-associated emphysema. Because of difficulties inherent to studies involving multiple risk factors in the progression of COPD in humans, we developed a murine model in which to study the separate and combined effects of vitamin D deficiency and cigarette smoke exposure. During a 16 week period, mice were exposed to one of four conditions, control diet breathing room air (CD-NS), control diet with cigarette smoke exposure (CD-CSE), vitamin D deficient diet breathing room air (VDD-NS) or vitamin D deficient diet with cigarette smoke exposure (VDD-CSE). At the end of the exposure period, the lungs were examined by a pathologist and separately by morphometric analysis. In parallel experiments, mice were anesthetized for pulmonary function testing followed by sacrifice and analysis. Emphysema (determined by an increase in alveolar mean linear intercept length) was more severe in the VDD-CSE mice compared to control animals and animals exposed to VDD or CSE alone. The VDD-CSE and the CD-CSE mice had increased total lung capacity and increased static lung compliance. There was also a significant increase in the matrix metalloproteinase-9: tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 ratio in VDD-CSE mice compared with all controls. Alpha-1 antitrypsin expression was reduced in VDD-CSE mice as well. In summary, vitamin D deficiency, when combined with cigarette smoke exposure, seemed to accelerate the appearance of emphysemas, perhaps by virtue of an increased protease-antiprotease ratio in the combined VDD-CSE animals. These results support the value of our mouse model in the study of COPD.
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- 2013
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14. Synchronous Pulmonary Adenofibroma and Solitary Fibrous Tumor: Case Report and Review of the Literature
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Francine B. de Abreu, Julianna M. Czum, Konstantinos Linos, Candice C. Black, and Nicholas J. Olson
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Male ,0301 basic medicine ,Solitary fibrous tumor ,Pathology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Lung Neoplasms ,Oncogene Proteins, Fusion ,Pathology and Forensic Medicine ,Neoplasms, Multiple Primary ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Biomarkers, Tumor ,Humans ,Medicine ,Neoplasm ,Pneumonectomy ,Lung ,business.industry ,Clinical course ,Middle Aged ,respiratory system ,medicine.disease ,Single patient ,Repressor Proteins ,030104 developmental biology ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Solitary Fibrous Tumors ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,lipids (amino acids, peptides, and proteins) ,Surgery ,Anatomy ,Adenofibroma ,STAT6 Transcription Factor ,Tomography, X-Ray Computed ,business - Abstract
Pulmonary adenofibroma (PAF) is a rare neoplasm that may be related to solitary fibrous tumor (SFT). A subset of PAFs harbor the NAB2-STAT6 fusion that is typical of SFT, but a significant proportion do not. Their distinction is clinically important as SFTs can potentially have an aggressive clinical course, while there has been no report of a PAF behaving in a malignant fashion. We report a case of a 60-year-old male who developed a SFT and PAF in the same lung. The SFT harbored a NAB2-STAT6 fusion, while the PAF did not have any identifiable fusion. This case represents the first instance of a single patient with both of these tumors occurring simultaneously in the same lung.
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- 2018
15. An Examination of Advocacy Education in Residency Training
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Amy L Motta and Candice C. Black
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Medical education ,MEDLINE ,Internship and Residency ,General Medicine ,Pathology and Forensic Medicine ,Leadership ,03 medical and health sciences ,Medical Laboratory Technology ,0302 clinical medicine ,Education, Medical, Graduate ,Surveys and Questionnaires ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Pathology ,Humans ,Psychology ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Residency training - Abstract
Context.— Pathology-related advocacy is best when performed directly by pathologists. Practicing advocacy is included in the Milestones 2.0 and should be introduced during residency training. Objective.— To understand advocacy education in residency training we surveyed pathologists to ask what training they had in residency, what resources were available, and what experiences were most impressionable. Design.— Two types of inquiry were performed. First, a survey to program graduates asking about leadership and advocacy activities during training and about leadership and advocacy activities since graduation. Secondly, focused email and telephone inquiries were made to 12 pathologists—4 in practice for more than 20 years, 4 within the first 10 years of practice, and to 4 PGY4 (postgraduate year 4) residents—asking what training and experiences were available to them, and how they became motivated to become active in practice. Results.— Our results showed that resources available outside of the home program have changed through the years and more national resident groups are available that were not available in the past. These groups may educate trainees in leadership and advocacy. Internally, opportunities to shadow faculty at interdepartmental leadership meetings, as well as selection of the chief resident, are enduring tools for honing these skills. Conclusions.— Teaching advocacy in training is important and part of the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education core requirements as well as a level 5 Milestone. Education may require a balance of internal and external resources since different programs may offer different opportunities. Shadowing during real advocacy events was the most impressionable experience.
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- 2019
16. Lung malignancy in prostate cancer: A report of both metastatic and primary lung lesions
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Jessica L. Dillon, Candice C. Black, Jonathan Dupuis, Joseph D. Phillips, Lael Reinstatler, and Elias S. Hyams
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Pathology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Urology ,030232 urology & nephrology ,Disease ,Malignancy ,lcsh:RC870-923 ,03 medical and health sciences ,Prostate cancer ,Metastatic prostate cancer ,0302 clinical medicine ,Medicine ,Lung cancer ,Lung ,business.industry ,respiratory system ,medicine.disease ,lcsh:Diseases of the genitourinary system. Urology ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Oncology ,Bone lesion ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Lung malignancy ,Pulmonary metastases ,Lymph ,business - Abstract
Prostate cancer is the most common non-cutaneous malignancy diagnosed in men. When it metastasizes, it usually spreads to bone and/or lymph nodes. A handful of cases have described prostatic metastases to the lung; however, this is usually in the setting of existing bone lesions [1]. Here we describe a unique case in which a patient was found to have both metastatic prostate cancer to the lung and a primary lung cancer in the absence of any other evidence of extra-prostatic disease.
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- 2017
17. A 49-Year-Old Woman With Right Apical Thoracic Mass
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Dagmar Hoegemann Savellano, Yevgeniy A. Linnik, Candice C. Black, and Joseph D. Phillips
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0301 basic medicine ,Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Flank ,Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine ,Essential hypertension ,Mediastinal Neoplasms ,Diagnosis, Differential ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Robotic Surgical Procedures ,X ray computed ,medicine ,Humans ,Thoracic mass ,Severe pain ,Medical history ,Aching pain ,business.industry ,Thoracoscopy ,Ganglioneuroma ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,Surgery ,030104 developmental biology ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Female ,Radiography, Thoracic ,Left superior ,Tomography, X-Ray Computed ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine ,business - Abstract
A 49-year-old woman with a medical history of essential hypertension presented to the ED with severe pain in the left superior chest and dull aching pain in the upper flank, lasting for the last 2 days.
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- 2017
18. A Patient-Specific 3D-Printed Form Accurately Transfers Supine MRI-Derived Tumor Localization Information to Guide Breast-Conserving Surgery
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Timothy B. Rooney, Rebecca A. Zuurbier, Keith D. Paulsen, Christina V. Angeles, Jonathan D. Marotti, Richard J. Barth, Venkataramanan Krishnaswamy, Candice C. Black, Wendy A. Wells, and Elizabeth J. Rizzo
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medicine.medical_specialty ,Supine position ,Breast surgery ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Breast Neoplasms ,Mastectomy, Segmental ,Article ,03 medical and health sciences ,Imaging, Three-Dimensional ,0302 clinical medicine ,Breast cancer ,Surgical oncology ,Supine Position ,Carcinoma ,medicine ,Breast-conserving surgery ,Humans ,Neoplasm Invasiveness ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Neoplasm Staging ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,business.industry ,Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast ,Magnetic resonance imaging ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,Surgery ,Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating ,Surgery, Computer-Assisted ,Oncology ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Female ,Radiology ,business ,Mastectomy ,Follow-Up Studies - Abstract
Wire-localized excision of nonpalpable breast cancer is imprecise, resulting in positive margins 25-30% of the time.Patients underwent preoperative supine magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). A radiologist outlined the tumor edges on consecutive images, creating a three-dimensional (3D) view of its location. Using 3D printing, a bra-like plastic form (the Breast Cancer Locator [BCL]) was fabricated, with features that allowed a surgeon to (1) mark the edges of the tumor on the breast surface; (2) inject blue dye into the breast 1 cm from the tumor edges; and (3) place a wire in the tumor at the time of surgery.Nineteen patients with palpable cancers underwent partial mastectomy after placement of surgical cues using patient-specific BCLs. The cues were in place in5 min and no adverse events occurred. The BCL accurately localized 18/19 cancers. In the 18 accurately localized cases, all 68 blue-dye injections were outside of the tumor edges. Median distance from the blue-dye center to the pathologic tumor edge was 1.4 cm, while distance from the blue dye to the tumor edge was5 mm in 4% of injections, 0.5-2.0 cm in 72% of injections, and2 cm in 24% of injections. Median distance from the tumor center to the BCL-localized wire and to the clip placed at the time of diagnosis was similar (0.49 vs. 0.73 cm) on specimen mammograms.Information on breast cancer location and shape derived from a supine MRI can be transferred safely and accurately to patients in the operating room using a 3D-printed form.
- Published
- 2017
19. Does pTis exist in HPV-driven tonsillar carcinomas? An ultrastructural review and examination of two cases
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Christopher Ogomo and Candice C. Black
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Adult ,Male ,Tonsillar Carcinoma ,Pathology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Tonsillar Neoplasms ,Basement Membrane ,Pathology and Forensic Medicine ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Immune system ,stomatognathic system ,Predictive Value of Tests ,Structural Biology ,otorhinolaryngologic diseases ,Carcinoma ,medicine ,Humans ,Neoplasm Invasiveness ,030223 otorhinolaryngology ,Aged ,Neoplasm Staging ,Basement membrane ,Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck ,Crypt Epithelium ,business.industry ,Papillomavirus Infections ,Tonsil carcinoma ,Middle Aged ,respiratory system ,medicine.disease ,Immunohistochemistry ,Primary tumor ,Tumor Burden ,Microscopy, Electron ,Treatment Outcome ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Head and Neck Neoplasms ,Lymphatic Metastasis ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ,Ultrastructure ,Female ,business ,Carcinoma in Situ - Abstract
Many tonsillar tumors present clinically as cervical nodal metastases and the primary tumor is often difficult to find. HPV-driven tonsillar carcinoma begins in the reticulated crypt epithelium, possibly through viral integration. The basement membrane is not complete in the reticulated crypt epithelium, which may enhance the immune function. We examined the reticulated crypt epithelium in a normal case and five neoplastic tonsils with cervical metastasis as the presenting symptom to further investigate whether tonsil carcinoma in-situ exists. Our results suggest that in-situ carcinoma may need to be excluded from the future staging for human papilloma virus associated tonsillar tumors.
- Published
- 2016
20. Rapid
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M Rabie, Al-Turkmani, Michael A, Suriawinata, Sophie J, Deharvengt, Donald C, Green, Candice C, Black, Keisuke, Shirai, Konstantin H, Dragnev, and Gregory J, Tsongalis
- Subjects
Article - Abstract
Introduction Activating mutations in the tyrosine kinase domain of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients predicts response to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). The Idylla™ system (Biocartis, Mechelen, Belgium) is a fully integrated, cartridge-based platform that provides automated sample processing and real-time PCR-based mutation detection in a single-use cartridge. This study evaluated the Idylla™ EGFR Mutation Assay cartridges against next-generation sequencing (NGS) using formalin fixed, paraffin embedded (FFPE) lung cancer tissue samples. Methods Thirty-four FFPE lung adenocarcinoma tissue samples were tested on the Idylla™ system. 21 had at least one mutation in EGFR and 13 had no EGFR mutation as determined by NGS analysis using the Ion AmpliSeq 50-gene Cancer Hotspot Panel v2 (Thermo Fisher Scientific). One 10 μm FFPE tissue section was used for each Idylla™ test and all cases met the Idylla™ minimum tumor content requirement (≥10%). Results Idylla™ results were in complete agreement with those obtained by NGS for EGFR mutations targeted by the Idylla™. NGS identified two additional EGFR mutations that are not targeted by the Idylla™ in two samples (E709V and V774M). No EGFR mutations were detected by the Idylla™ in samples determined by NGS as having wild-type EGFR. Conclusion The fully automated Idylla™ system offers rapid and reliable testing for clinically actionable mutations in EGFR directly from FFPE tissue sections. Its simplicity and ease of use compared to other available molecular techniques make it suitable for routine clinical use in a variety of settings.
- Published
- 2019
21. Atypical cat-scratch disease: A radiology-pathology correlation
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Dennis Dwan, Candice C. Black, Samuel C Zhang, Rebecca A. Zuurbier, Roberta M. diFlorio-Alexander, and Catherine Baker
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medicine.medical_specialty ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,business.industry ,Ultrasound ,Cat-Scratch Disease ,Cat-scratch disease ,Breast Neoplasms ,medicine.disease ,Radiography ,Axilla ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Oncology ,Internal Medicine ,Medicine ,Mammography ,Humans ,Surgery ,Female ,Radiology ,business - Published
- 2019
22. Mediastinal Lymphangiohemangioma: A Case Report and Review of the Literature with Focus on the Ambiguous Nomenclature
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Candice C. Black, Harvinder S Jagait, Julianna M. Czum, and Jesse S Bond
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medicine.medical_specialty ,Thymoma ,business.industry ,Mediastinum ,Mediastinal mass ,Chest pain ,medicine.disease ,Resection ,Lesion ,Hemangioma ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Medicine ,Radiology ,medicine.symptom ,Differential diagnosis ,business - Abstract
The benign mediastinal vascular lesion is an area in medicine with ambiguous terminology and poor interand intra-disciplinary agreement. Lymphangiohemangioma of the mediastinum is a rare, benign entity with few previous reports in the US literature. We present a case of a 55-year-old woman with shortness of breath and chest pain who was found to have an anterior mediastinal mass on imaging. The MRI features favored a mediastinal hemangioma with a differential diagnosis that included thymoma. The multilobulated mass was surgically removed however the left phrenic nerve was sacrificed during the resection. Histologically the lesion consisted of dilated vascular spaces of varying sizes with intra-luminal, calcified phleboliths. A variety of equivocal diagnostic terms were considered for a benign, mediastinal vascular lesion. Subsequent immunohistochemistry (IHC) showed the vessel lining consisted of both vascular and lymphatic endothelium therefore the final diagnosis made was mediastinal lymphangiohemangioma.
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- 2019
23. Clinical Genotyping of Non–Small Cell Lung Cancers Using Targeted Next-Generation Sequencing: Utility of Identifying Rare and Co-mutations in Oncogenic Driver Genes
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Jason D. Peterson, Kirsten J. Pierce, Jason R. Pettus, Christopher I. Amos, Xiaoying Liu, Edward J. Gutmann, Keisuke Shirai, Jonathan D. Marotti, Konstantin H. Dragnev, Francine B. de Abreu, Gregory J. Tsongalis, Vincent A. Memoli, Laura J. Tafe, and Candice C. Black
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Neuroblastoma RAS viral oncogene homolog ,Genetics ,Cancer Research ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Ion semiconductor sequencing ,Biology ,medicine.disease_cause ,lcsh:Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens ,lcsh:RC254-282 ,DNA sequencing ,Targeted therapy ,Gene expression profiling ,03 medical and health sciences ,030104 developmental biology ,0302 clinical medicine ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,medicine ,Cancer research ,KRAS ,Genotyping ,neoplasms ,Personal genomics - Abstract
Detection of somatic mutations in non–small cell lung cancers (NSCLCs), especially adenocarcinomas, is important for directing patient care when targeted therapy is available. Here, we present our experience with genotyping NSCLC using the Ion Torrent Personal Genome Machine (PGM) and the AmpliSeq Cancer Hotspot Panel v2. We tested 453 NSCLC samples from 407 individual patients using the 50 gene AmpliSeq Cancer Hotspot Panel v2 from May 2013 to July 2015. Using 10 ng of DNA, up to 11 samples were simultaneously sequenced on the Ion Torrent PGM (316 and 318 chips). We identified variants with the Ion Torrent Variant Caller Plugin, and Golden Helix's SVS software was used for annotation and prediction of the significance of the variants. Three hundred ninety-eight samples were successfully sequenced (12.1% failure rate). In all, 633 variants in 41 genes were detected with a median of 2 (range of 0 to 7) variants per sample. Mutations detected in BRAF, EGFR, ERBB2, KRAS, NRAS, and PIK3CA were considered potentially actionable and were identified in 237 samples, most commonly in KRAS (37.9%), EGFR (11.1%), BRAF (4.8%), and PIK3CA (4.3%). In our patient population, all mutations in EGFR, KRAS, and BRAF were mutually exclusive. The Ion Torrent Ampliseq technology can be utilized on small biopsy and cytology specimens, requires very little input DNA, and can be applied in clinical laboratories for genotyping of NSCLC. This targeted next-generation sequencing approach allows for detection of common and also rare mutations that are clinically actionable in multiple patients simultaneously.
- Published
- 2016
24. Rapid EGFR mutation testing in lung cancer tissue samples using a fully automated system and single-use cartridge
- Author
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Gregory J. Tsongalis, Candice C. Black, Keisuke Shirai, M. Rabie Al-Turkmani, Michael A. Suriawinata, Konstantin H. Dragnev, Sophie J. Deharvengt, and Donald Green
- Subjects
Formalin fixed paraffin embedded ,Clinical Biochemistry ,lcsh:Chemistry ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,medicine ,Epidermal growth factor receptor ,Lung cancer ,030304 developmental biology ,lcsh:R5-920 ,0303 health sciences ,Single use ,Radiological and Ultrasound Technology ,biology ,business.industry ,medicine.disease ,3. Good health ,lcsh:QD1-999 ,Fully automated ,Egfr mutation ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Cancer research ,biology.protein ,Adenocarcinoma ,lcsh:Medicine (General) ,business ,Tyrosine kinase - Abstract
Introduction Activating mutations in the tyrosine kinase domain of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients predicts response to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). The Idylla™ system (Biocartis, Mechelen, Belgium) is a fully integrated, cartridge-based platform that provides automated sample processing and real-time PCR-based mutation detection in a single-use cartridge. This study evaluated the Idylla™ EGFR Mutation Assay cartridges against next-generation sequencing (NGS) using formalin fixed, paraffin embedded (FFPE) lung cancer tissue samples. Methods Thirty-four FFPE lung adenocarcinoma tissue samples were tested on the Idylla™ system. 21 had at least one mutation in EGFR and 13 had no EGFR mutation as determined by NGS analysis using the Ion AmpliSeq 50-gene Cancer Hotspot Panel v2 (Thermo Fisher Scientific). One 10 μm FFPE tissue section was used for each Idylla™ test and all cases met the Idylla™ minimum tumor content requirement (≥10%). Results Idylla™ results were in complete agreement with those obtained by NGS for EGFR mutations targeted by the Idylla™. NGS identified two additional EGFR mutations that are not targeted by the Idylla™ in two samples (E709V and V774M). No EGFR mutations were detected by the Idylla™ in samples determined by NGS as having wild-type EGFR. Conclusion The fully automated Idylla™ system offers rapid and reliable testing for clinically actionable mutations in EGFR directly from FFPE tissue sections. Its simplicity and ease of use compared to other available molecular techniques make it suitable for routine clinical use in a variety of settings.
- Published
- 2020
25. Enhancing the residency interview process with the inclusion of standardised questions
- Author
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Hannah Budner, Amy L Motta, and Candice C. Black
- Subjects
Semi-structured interview ,Program evaluation ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Interview ,Attitude of Health Personnel ,media_common.quotation_subject ,MEDLINE ,Interviews as Topic ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,0502 economics and business ,Medicine ,Humans ,School Admission Criteria ,Grading (education) ,Personnel Selection ,media_common ,Medical education ,business.industry ,05 social sciences ,Rubric ,Internship and Residency ,General Medicine ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Family medicine ,Structured interview ,business ,050203 business & management ,Reputation ,Program Evaluation - Abstract
With residency interview time on us, pressure is felt by faculty to balance clinical productivity with residency candidate interviews. Residency programme invites candidates for interviews after reviewing the candidate’s credentials. The interview day is designed to allow candidates to evaluate the programme and for the programme to evaluate candidates. Beyond credentials and reputation, both sides are seeking the elusive ‘right fit’. Candidate credentials, such as the personal statement, letter of recommendation and transcripts, are available in programmes such as Oriel in the UK or ERAS (electronic residency application service) in the USA. During the interview day, candidates may observe a typical academic conference and have lunch with residents. We have increased the number of faculty interviewers in order to decrease the time commitment per person, but this leads to decreased cohesion of the interview evaluation data. Some faculty are higher scorers and others lower, and the criteria used are not always apparent. A good interviewer is able to ask questions that elicit information that is aligned with the six medical competencies; professionalism, medical knowledge, communication skills, system-based practice, practice-based learning and patient care, as well as goals and aims of the programme.1 A review of the literature suggests that many interviews are poorly structured and may actually fail due to an array of reasons, including interviewers forming an opinion about applicants before the interview begins, based mainly on applicant appearance or the interviewer monopolising the conversation.2 Structured interviews have been suggested as a way to mitigate these pitfalls.3 4 A standardised question is one that is written before the interview, is used for all candidates and is graded using a standardised grading rubric. To …
- Published
- 2017
26. Examination of the Residency Interview Process for Academic Pathology Departments: How to Make the Most of a Resource-Heavy Process
- Author
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Candice C, Black
- Subjects
recruitment ,resident recruitment ,residency interview ,applicant interview ,Review Articles ,applicant attraction - Abstract
Annual resident recruitment is a complex undertaking that requires many departmental resources of faculty time and effort and in many cases financial investment for meals and lodging. The applicants represent the future of the profession as well as the providers of patient care in the respective training programs. Although we understand the importance of this process, as we become more and more distracted by financial, administrative, and academic duties, the demands of recruitment have not decreased and continue annually. In an attempt to find the best practices for the improvement in our methods of recruitment, a review of the literature on the employment interviews with a specific eye to pathology residency relevant information was conducted. This article reviews some of the factors proven to be important to the applicants as well as an examination of the structure of the interview and the postinterview applicant evaluation process.
- Published
- 2017
27. Educational Case: Aspiration Pneumonia
- Author
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Julianna M. Czum, Candice C. Black, and Ryland Richards
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,organ system pathology ,aspiration pneumonia ,education ,030206 dentistry ,Educational Case ,Aspiration pneumonia ,medicine.disease ,respiratory system ,humanities ,Pathology and Forensic Medicine ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,pulmonary pathology ,pathology competencies ,lcsh:Pathology ,medicine ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Pulmonary pathology ,Respiratory system ,Intensive care medicine ,business ,lcsh:RB1-214 - Abstract
The following fictional case is intended as a learning tool within the Pathology Competencies for Medical Education (PCME), a set of national standards for teaching pathology. These are divided into three basic competencies: Disease Mechanisms and Processes, Organ System Pathology, and Diagnostic Medicine and Therapeutic Pathology. For additional information, and a full list of learning objectives for all three competencies, see http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/2374289517715040 . 1
- Published
- 2019
28. Spatial and temporal distributions of lung cancer histopathology in the state of Maine
- Author
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Janet M. Hock, Christopher Farah, Molly Schwenn, H. Dean Hosgood, and Candice C. Black
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,Rural Population ,Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine ,Oncology ,Cancer Research ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Pathology ,Lung Neoplasms ,Adolescent ,Adenocarcinoma ,Young Adult ,Age Distribution ,Risk Factors ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Carcinoma ,Humans ,Neoplasms, Squamous Cell ,Poisson Distribution ,Maine ,Sex Distribution ,Child ,Lung cancer ,Aged ,Aged, 80 and over ,Lung ,business.industry ,Incidence ,Large cell ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,respiratory tract diseases ,Cancer registry ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Child, Preschool ,Attributable risk ,Female ,Small Cell Lung Carcinoma ,business - Abstract
Maine has among the highest rates of lung cancer in the United States (US). Maine serves as a geographical representation of US rural communities, and their associated health disparities. As the key risks of tobacco use decrease and radon abatement increases, previously obscured environmental exposures may measurably contribute to the attributable risk fraction of lung cancer. To generate hypotheses of novel environmental exposures associated with lung cancer, we investigated if there was non-random spatial distribution of lung cancer in Maine. Case data (n = 14,038) between 1995 and 2006 were obtained from the Maine Cancer Registry. Population data were obtained from the 2000 US Census. We assessed the spatial distribution of lung cancers among white cases by histopathology subtype [non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC): adenocarcinoma (n = 3680), squamous cell (n = 2801) and large cell (n = 1195); and small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) (n = 1994)], using spatial scan statistic, assuming a discrete Poisson distribution adjusted for age and population density. Because of time-dependent trends in lung cancer differential diagnostic criteria, we repeated our analyses, limiting it to 2002-2006. While SCLC rates were equivalent across the state, we identified discrete regions with elevated rates of adenocarcinoma among females and squamous cell carcinoma among males. Independent of gender, the most striking geospatial observation was elevated large cell lung cancer specifically in one of the poorest counties in the US. A selective spatial distribution of large cell lung cancer has not been previously reported. More research is needed to identify factors inducing large cell carcinoma pathology, and to determine if in rural communities health disparities are associated with increased risk for this diagnosis.
- Published
- 2013
29. The potential utility of re-mining results of somatic mutation testing: KRAS status in lung adenocarcinoma
- Author
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Francine B. de Abreu, Gregory J. Tsongalis, Candice C. Black, Anna Biernacka, Christopher I. Amos, Peter D. Tsongalis, Jason D. Peterson, Edward J. Gutmann, Laura J. Tafe, and Xiaoying Liu
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Cancer Research ,Mutation rate ,endocrine system diseases ,MAP Kinase Signaling System ,DNA Mutational Analysis ,Antineoplastic Agents ,Docetaxel ,Biology ,medicine.disease_cause ,Disease-Free Survival ,Article ,Cohort Studies ,Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras) ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Germline mutation ,Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung ,Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols ,Genetics ,medicine ,Data Mining ,Humans ,Progression-free survival ,Precision Medicine ,Lung cancer ,Molecular Biology ,neoplasms ,MEK inhibitor ,medicine.disease ,digestive system diseases ,respiratory tract diseases ,030104 developmental biology ,Drug Resistance, Neoplasm ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Selumetinib ,Cancer research ,Adenocarcinoma ,Benzimidazoles ,Taxoids ,KRAS - Abstract
KRAS mutant non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLCs) vary in clinical outcome depending on which specific KRAS mutation is present. Shorter progression free survival has been associated with KRAS variants G12C and G12V. Cell lines with these variants depend to a greater extent on the RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK signaling pathway and become more susceptible to MEK inhibition. Because different KRAS mutations may lead to altered drug sensitivity, we aimed to determine specific KRAS mutation status in a NSCLC patient cohort at our institution. A total of 502 NSCLC samples were screened for somatic mutations using the 50 gene AmpliSeq™ Cancer Hotspot Panel v2 (CHPv2). However only samples positive for variants in the KRAS gene were included in this study. Variants identified in the KRAS genes were curated using publicly available databases. The overall mutation rate in the KRAS gene was 32.7% (164/502). The most common KRAS mutations were G12C (41%), G12V (19%), and G12D (14%) along with less frequent variants. After re-mining our sequencing data, we found that more than a half of our KRAS mutant NSCLC patients could potentially benefit from the addition of a MEK inhibitor such as selumetinib to standard chemotherapeutic agents. Due to mutated KRAS, these patients will likely fail traditional anti-EGFR therapies but be eligible for newer combination therapies.
- Published
- 2015
30. Light scattering measured with spatial frequency domain imaging can predict stromal versus epithelial proportions in surgically resected breast tissue
- Author
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Brian W. Pogue, Keith D. Paulsen, David M. McClatchy, Elizabeth J. Rizzo, Wendy A. Wells, Candice C. Black, and Stephen C. Kanick
- Subjects
Paper ,optical properties ,Pathology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Stromal cell ,digitized histology ,Biomedical Engineering ,Adipose tissue ,Breast Neoplasms ,Mastectomy, Segmental ,light scattering ,Sensitivity and Specificity ,01 natural sciences ,Epithelium ,Light scattering ,breast conserving surgery ,010309 optics ,Biomaterials ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Stroma ,Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted ,0103 physical sciences ,medicine ,Humans ,Scattering, Radiation ,Breast ,Chemistry ,Optical Imaging ,Histology ,Domain imaging ,Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics ,Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials ,spatial frequency domain imaging ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Special Section on Spatial Frequency Domain Imaging ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Female ,Spatial frequency ,Algorithms - Abstract
This study aims to determine if light scatter parameters measured with spatial frequency domain imaging (SFDI) can accurately predict stromal, epithelial, and adipose fractions in freshly resected, unstained human breast specimens. An explicit model was developed to predict stromal, epithelial, and adipose fractions as a function of light scattering parameters, which was validated against a quantitative analysis of digitized histology slides for N = 31 specimens using leave-one-out cross-fold validation. Specimen mean stromal, epithelial, and adipose volume fractions predicted from light scattering parameters strongly correlated with those calculated from digitized histology slides (r = 0.90, 0.77, and 0.91, respectively, p-value
- Published
- 2018
31. Uncovering Growth-Suppressive MicroRNAs in Lung Cancer
- Author
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Yan Ma, Lorenzo F. Sempere, Sakari Kauppinen, Mads Bak, Xi Liu, Charles N. Cole, Sarah J. Freemantle, Fabrizio Galimberti, Steven Fiering, Konstantin H. Dragnev, Hua Li, Candice C. Black, Murray Korc, Vincent A. Memoli, Ethan Dmitrovsky, and James DiRenzo
- Subjects
Cancer Research ,Lung Neoplasms ,Cyclin E ,Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ,Cell growth ,Cancer ,Mice, Transgenic ,Transfection ,In situ hybridization ,Biology ,medicine.disease ,Article ,Mice ,MicroRNAs ,Oncology ,Cell Line, Tumor ,Immunology ,microRNA ,medicine ,Cancer research ,Animals ,Humans ,Gene silencing ,Lung cancer - Abstract
Purpose: MicroRNA (miRNA) expression profiles improve classification, diagnosis, and prognostic information of malignancies, including lung cancer. This study uncovered unique growth-suppressive miRNAs in lung cancer. Experimental Design: miRNA arrays were done on normal lung tissues and adenocarcinomas from wild-type and proteasome degradation-resistant cyclin E transgenic mice to reveal repressed miRNAs in lung cancer. Real-time and semiquantitative reverse transcription-PCR as well as in situ hybridization assays validated these findings. Lung cancer cell lines were derived from each transgenic line (designated as ED-1 and ED-2 cells, respectively). Each highlighted miRNA was independently transfected into these cells. Growth-suppressive mechanisms were explored. Expression of a computationally predicted miRNA target was examined. These miRNAs were studied in a paired normal-malignant human lung tissue bank. Results: miR-34c, miR-145, and miR-142-5p were repressed in transgenic lung cancers. Findings were confirmed by real-time and semiquantitative reverse transcription-PCR as well as in situ hybridization assays. Similar miRNA profiles occurred in human normal versus malignant lung tissues. Individual overexpression of miR-34c, miR-145, and miR-142-5p in ED-1 and ED-2 cells markedly repressed cell growth. Anti-miR cotransfections antagonized this inhibition. The miR-34c target, cyclin E, was repressed by miR-34c transfection and provided a mechanism for observed growth suppression. Conclusions: miR-34c, miR-145, and miR-142-5p were repressed in murine and human lung cancers. Transfection of each miRNA significantly repressed lung cancer cell growth. Thus, these miRNAs were growth suppressive and are proposed to exert antineoplastic effects in the lung.
- Published
- 2009
32. Markers of Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition and Epithelial Differentiation in Sarcomatoid Carcinoma: Utility in the Differential Diagnosis With Sarcoma
- Author
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John H. Fasig, Sandra J. Olson, Jason W. Barnes, William D. Dupont, Candice C. Black, Justin M M Cates, and Hayward S. Edmunds
- Subjects
Pathology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Histology ,Gene Expression ,Biology ,Pathology and Forensic Medicine ,Diagnosis, Differential ,Cytokeratin ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Biomarkers, Tumor ,medicine ,Carcinoma ,Humans ,Epithelial–mesenchymal transition ,Sarcomatoid carcinoma ,Carcinoma, Transitional Cell ,Cadherin ,Twist-Related Protein 1 ,Cell Differentiation ,Epithelial Cells ,Mesenchymal Stem Cells ,Sarcoma ,Epithelial cell adhesion molecule ,medicine.disease ,Immunohistochemistry ,Medical Laboratory Technology ,chemistry ,Keratins ,Snail Family Transcription Factors ,Spindle cell sarcoma ,Transcription Factors - Abstract
The distinction between sarcomatoid carcinoma (SC) and bona fide sarcoma can be difficult using conventional immunohistochemical markers. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) has been proposed as a histogenetic mechanism for the development of SC. Expression of selected markers of EMT (Twist and Slug) was compared with other markers of epithelial differentiation in SC and spindle cell sarcoma to determine the utility of these antigens in this differential diagnosis. Twenty-seven cases of SC (excluding those of gynecologic origin) were stained by immunohistochemistry for cytokeratins (AE1/AE3, 5D3, CK5/6, and 34betaE12), p63, claudin-1, claudin-7, epithelial cadherin, placental cadherin, epithelial cell adhesion molecule/epithelial-specific antigen, 14-3-3sigma, Twist, and Slug. A comparison group of 21 spindle or pleomorphic spindle cell sarcomas was also studied. Immunohistochemical stains were scored in a semiquantitative manner and subsequent exploratory analyses were performed using logistic regression and chi2 tests. Only cytokeratin AE1/AE3 specifically labeled SC in a statistically significant manner. Other epithelial-specific markers tested did not distinguish SC from sarcoma primarily owing to low sensitivity. However, when positive, immunostains such as CK5/6, membranous epithelial cadherin, and nuclear p63 may aid in the distinction of SC from sarcoma. EMT markers were expressed in most cases of both SC and sarcoma, and were not useful in making a differential diagnosis between these neoplasms.
- Published
- 2008
33. A Genotype-Phenotype Examination of Cyclin D1 on Risk and Outcome of Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck
- Author
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Carmen J. Marsit, Candice C. Black, Marshall R. Posner, and Karl T. Kelsey
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,Cancer Research ,Pathology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Genotype ,Population ,Biology ,Article ,Cyclin D1 ,Risk Factors ,medicine ,Carcinoma ,Humans ,education ,Aged ,Human papillomavirus 16 ,education.field_of_study ,Cancer ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Immunohistochemistry ,Head and neck squamous-cell carcinoma ,Phenotype ,stomatognathic diseases ,Oncology ,Head and Neck Neoplasms ,DNA, Viral ,Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ,Cancer research ,Female - Abstract
Purpose: The variant allele of CCND1 G870A encodes a splice variant of the cyclin D1 protein, which possesses an increased half-life. To confirm the phenotypic effect of the variant allele, we examined the immunohistochemical staining pattern of the protein in tumors from a case population of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) and compared it with the genotype of these individuals. We also examined how this genotype was associated with the risk of HNSCC and if this genotype-phenotype association was related to patient outcome. Experimental Design: In a population-based case-control study of 698 cases and 777 controls, we both genotyped all participants for the CCND1 gene and did immunohistochemical staining of the cyclin D1 protein in the HNSCC tumors. Results: The variant AA genotype was significantly associated with positive immunohistochemical staining (P < 0.02), and this variant genotype was associated with a significantly elevated odds ratio of 1.5 (95% confidence interval, 1.1-2.0) for HNSCC overall, with risk greatest in oral and laryngeal sites. Positive immunohistochemical staining was inversely related to human papillomavirus 16 DNA present in the tumor (P < 0.03). The AA genotype and superpositive immunohistochemical staining for cyclin D1 also had independent and significant effects on patient survival. Conclusions: These results strongly suggest that this splice variant, when present in two copies, is a significant predictor of both the occurrence of HNSCC as well as patient survival after treatment. These data further indicate that this variant protein is an important determinant of individual response to therapy for this disease.
- Published
- 2008
34. Transgenic cyclin E triggers dysplasia and multiple pulmonary adenocarcinomas
- Author
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Sarah J. Freemantle, Gregory J. Tsongalis, Xi Liu, Heather A. Bentley, Eugene Demidenko, Steven Fiering, Vincent A. Memoli, Yan Ma, Candice C. Black, Ziqiang Yuan, Ethan Dmitrovsky, and David J. Robbins
- Subjects
Lung Neoplasms ,Cyclin E ,Cyclin D ,Immunoblotting ,Cyclin B ,Mice, Transgenic ,Adenocarcinoma ,medicine.disease_cause ,Mice ,Cyclin D1 ,Cell Line, Tumor ,medicine ,Animals ,Humans ,Hedgehog Proteins ,Transgenes ,RNA, Small Interfering ,Lung cancer ,In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence ,Cell Proliferation ,Multidisciplinary ,biology ,Biological Sciences ,respiratory system ,medicine.disease ,Molecular biology ,respiratory tract diseases ,Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ,Dysplasia ,biology.protein ,Cancer research ,Carcinogenesis ,Cyclin A2 - Abstract
Cyclin E is a critical G 1 -S cell cycle regulator aberrantly expressed in bronchial premalignancy and lung cancer. Cyclin E expression negatively affects lung cancer prognosis. Its role in lung carcinogenesis was explored. Retroviral cyclin E transduction promoted pulmonary epithelial cell growth, and small interfering RNA targeting of cyclin E repressed this growth. Murine transgenic lines were engineered to mimic aberrant cyclin E expression in the lung. Wild-type and proteasome degradation-resistant human cyclin E transgenic lines were independently driven by the human surfactant C (SP-C) promoter. Chromosome instability (CIN), pulmonary dysplasia, sonic hedgehog (Shh) pathway activation, adenocarcinomas, and metastases occurred. Notably, high expression of degradation-resistant cyclin E frequently caused dysplasia and multiple lung adenocarcinomas. Thus, recapitulation of aberrant cyclin E expression as seen in human premalignant and malignant lung lesions reproduces in the mouse frequent features of lung carcinogenesis, including CIN, Shh pathway activation, dysplasia, single or multiple lung cancers, or presence of metastases. This article reports unique mouse lung cancer models that replicate many carcinogenic changes found in patients. These models provide insights into the carcinogenesis process and implicate cyclin E as a therapeutic target in the lung.
- Published
- 2007
35. Critical evaluation of frozen section margins in head and neck cancer resections
- Author
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Jonathan Marotti, Joseph A. Paydarfar, Candice C. Black, and Elena L. Zarovnaya
- Subjects
Cancer Research ,Frozen section procedure ,medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,Data Collection ,Head and neck cancer ,Cancer ,Pathology Report ,Prognosis ,medicine.disease ,Head and neck squamous-cell carcinoma ,Surgery ,Oncology ,Head and Neck Neoplasms ,Margin (machine learning) ,Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ,medicine ,Carcinoma ,Frozen Sections ,Humans ,Radiology ,business ,Head and neck - Abstract
BACKGROUND. Negative resection margins are likely the most important prognostic factor for a patient with a head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Frozen-section evaluation allows a positive margin to be corrected before surgical closure and reconstruction. A final pathology report is later issued after examination of all resected tissues. The accuracy of the final pathology report relies on accuracy in the preceding steps. The current process of margin reporting in head and neck cancer resections was studied to reveal possible waste and error in the system. METHODS. Two hundred pathologists were surveyed about their center's current process of frozen-section margin evaluation. The authors of the current study used the membership log of the North American Society of Head and Neck Pathology and the list of the top 50 US cancer centers according to US News and World Report. The authors analyzed the process of frozen-section procedure using Toyota industry principles of quality improvement. RESULTS. The majority of surgeons send small fragments of tissue from the surgical defect cavity. Many pathologists receive small unoriented tissue fragments. Many resample all or most of the margins for the final pathology report without anatomic orientation from the surgeon. Other pathologists do not sample any margins. CONCLUSIONS. Final margin reporting redundancy and waste is due mainly to lack of anatomic correlation at interdisciplinary hand-offs. Oversampling and undersampling of margins may be occurring, and the accuracy of the final pathology report may be compromised. There is currently no consensus on how to best submit tissue for frozen-section evaluation of head and neck resection margins. Cancer 2006. © 2006 American Cancer Society.
- Published
- 2006
36. Localized amyloidosis of the tongue: a review
- Author
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Candice C. Black, Kristen S Fahrner, and Benoit J. Gosselin
- Subjects
Male ,Systemic disease ,Pathology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Amyloid ,business.industry ,Amyloidosis ,Rectal biopsy ,Congo Red ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Tongue Diseases ,Congo red ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Otorhinolaryngology ,chemistry ,Localized amyloidosis ,Tongue ,medicine ,Abdominal fat ,Humans ,Coloring Agents ,business - Abstract
Amyloidosis is a disease entity defined by the presence of extracellular deposits of proteinacious material. These deposits have a characteristic apple-green birefringence with polarized light after staining with Congo red. Amyloid involvement of the tongue is almost universally secondary to systemic disease. The mean survival of patients with a systemic form of amyloidosis is between 5 to 15 months, whereas those with the localized form have an excellent prognosis. This article presents a case of the more unusual localized form. A thorough evaluation, including abdominal fat or rectal biopsy, is essential in every patient to identify any systemic involvement. The absence of systemic amyloidosis offers a much more favorable prognosis and may be treated with simple surgical excision.
- Published
- 2004
37. Proinflammatory Treg in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Tumors and Lymph Nodes
- Author
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Joseph D. Phillips, David J. Finley, Candice C. Black, Laura J. Tafe, and Timothy M. Millington
- Subjects
Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine ,Oncology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine ,medicine.disease ,Proinflammatory cytokine ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Cancer research ,Lymph ,Non small cell ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine ,business ,Lung cancer - Published
- 2017
38. Filamentous fungal carbon catabolite repression supports metabolic plasticity and stress responses essential for disease progression
- Author
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Gustavo H. Goldman, Alayna K. Caffrey-Carr, Michael Bromley, Kenneth M. K. Mark, Candice C. Black, Robert A. Cramer, Chao Cheng, Laure Nicolas Annick Ries, Sourabh Dhingra, Arsa Thammahong, Joshua J. Obar, Paul Bowyer, and Sarah R. Beattie
- Subjects
Catabolite Repression ,0301 basic medicine ,Catabolite repression ,Gene regulatory network ,Yeast and Fungal Models ,Pathology and Laboratory Medicine ,Biochemistry ,Aspergillus fumigatus ,Glucose Metabolism ,Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal ,Medicine and Health Sciences ,Gene Regulatory Networks ,Candida albicans ,lcsh:QH301-705.5 ,Candida ,Fungal Pathogens ,Regulation of gene expression ,biology ,Organic Compounds ,Monosaccharides ,Fungal Diseases ,Fungal genetics ,Animal Models ,3. Good health ,Chemistry ,Infectious Diseases ,Aspergillus ,Aspergillus Fumigatus ,Experimental Organism Systems ,Medical Microbiology ,Physical Sciences ,Disease Progression ,CARBONO ,Carbohydrate Metabolism ,Pathogens ,Research Article ,lcsh:Immunologic diseases. Allergy ,030106 microbiology ,Immunology ,Carbohydrates ,Mouse Models ,Mycology ,Research and Analysis Methods ,Models, Biological ,Microbiology ,Fungal Proteins ,03 medical and health sciences ,Model Organisms ,Stress, Physiological ,Virology ,Journal Article ,Genetics ,Aspergillosis ,Candida Albicans ,Fungal Genetics ,Microbial Pathogens ,Molecular Biology ,Gene ,Organic Chemistry ,Disease progression ,Organisms ,Fungi ,Chemical Compounds ,Biology and Life Sciences ,biology.organism_classification ,Carbon ,Molds (Fungi) ,Yeast ,Repressor Proteins ,Metabolism ,Glucose ,lcsh:Biology (General) ,Parasitology ,lcsh:RC581-607 - Abstract
Aspergillus fumigatus is responsible for a disproportionate number of invasive mycosis cases relative to other common filamentous fungi. While many fungal factors critical for infection establishment are known, genes essential for disease persistence and progression are ill defined. We propose that fungal factors that promote navigation of the rapidly changing nutrient and structural landscape characteristic of disease progression represent untapped clinically relevant therapeutic targets. To this end, we find that A. fumigatus requires a carbon catabolite repression (CCR) mediated genetic network to support in vivo fungal fitness and disease progression. While CCR as mediated by the transcriptional repressor CreA is not required for pulmonary infection establishment, loss of CCR inhibits fungal metabolic plasticity and the ability to thrive in the dynamic infection microenvironment. Our results suggest a model whereby CCR in an environmental filamentous fungus is dispensable for initiation of pulmonary infection but essential for infection maintenance and disease progression. Conceptually, we argue these data provide a foundation for additional studies on fungal factors required to support fungal fitness and disease progression and term such genes and factors, DPFs (disease progression factors)., Author summary Medical treatment advances such as organ transplants and chemotherapies that suppress the immune system have increased the number of patients susceptible to invasive fungal diseases. The most common filamentous fungus isolated from these infections is the environmental mold, Aspergillus fumigatus, the causative agent of invasive aspergillosis (IA). Despite medical intervention, mortality from IA remains high, underscoring the need to understand A. fumigatus pathogenesis mechanisms to uncover new therapeutic targets and strategies. Here, we show that regulation of central metabolism in A. fumigatus is critical for infection maintenance and progression of disease. The dysregulation of carbon catabolite repression results in reduced virulence in an animal model at later stages of the infection because of an inability to navigate infection microenvironment dynamics driven in part by oxygen depletion and alterations in nutrient availability. These results likely not only apply to IA, but are broadly applicable to other infection models stressing the need to understand spatiotemporal dynamics of individual microbial infections particularly at the level of metabolism. We propose that microbial genes which support disease progression, in contrast but not mutually exclusive to disease initiation, be termed DPFs (disease progression factors) and as such represent a novel class of antimicrobial drug targets.
- Published
- 2017
39. P1.02-080 Genomic Relationship between Lung Adenocarcinoma and Synchronous AIS/AAH Lesions in the Same Lobe
- Author
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Jason D. Peterson, Laura J. Tafe, Francine B. de Abreu, David J. Finley, and Candice C. Black
- Subjects
Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine ,Oncology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Pathology ,Lung ,business.industry ,medicine.disease ,Lobe ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Internal medicine ,Medicine ,Adenocarcinoma ,business - Published
- 2017
40. Response to Letter to the Editor: Diagnostic criteria for unicystic ameloblastoma: ameloblastic versus ameloblastomatous epithelium
- Author
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Candice C. Black
- Subjects
Pathology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Letter to the editor ,Unicystic Ameloblastoma ,business.industry ,Dermatology ,Epithelium ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Otorhinolaryngology ,Medicine ,Surgery ,Oral Surgery ,business ,General Dentistry - Published
- 2011
41. Adenocarcinoma contains more immune tolerance regulatory t-cell lymphocytes (versus squamous carcinoma) in non-small-cell lung cancer
- Author
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James R. Rigas, Candice C. Black, Konstantin H. Dragnev, and Mary Jo Turk
- Subjects
Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine ,Pathology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Lung Neoplasms ,Regulatory T cell ,chemical and pharmacologic phenomena ,Adenocarcinoma of Lung ,Adenocarcinoma ,T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory ,Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating ,Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung ,medicine ,Carcinoma ,Biomarkers, Tumor ,Tumor Microenvironment ,Humans ,Lymphocyte Count ,Lung cancer ,Tumor microenvironment ,business.industry ,FOXP3 ,Forkhead Transcription Factors ,medicine.disease ,Immunohistochemistry ,Squamous carcinoma ,Lymphatic system ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Tissue Array Analysis ,Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ,Tumor Escape ,business - Abstract
Regulatory T lymphocytes (Tregs) are known to have host-immune dampening effects in many tumors and to be associated with increased tumor recurrence. Pharmacologic therapies have been developed to target these cells and hence strengthen the host’s immune system. The FoxP3 gene is a marker of Tregs and can be visualized with immunohistochemistry (IHC). We investigated the presence and pattern of Tregs in non-small-cell lung tumors to determine possible therapeutic targets in lung cancer. We selected archival samples of primary lung carcinoma and benign inflamed lung from 32 surgical resections. We created a tissue array containing duplicate cores from the N1 and N2 nodal stations from 16 of the cases along with paired benign lung and tumor. We used whole-slide analysis for the other 16 cases. We used FoxP3 IHC to visualize Tregs in all lymphoid tissue present and to assess the quantity and pattern within the tissues. All lymphoid tissue contains Tregs, but adenocarcinoma had significantly higher levels than both inflammatory lung controls and squamous carcinomas (p ≤ 0.008). Benign N1 lymph nodes (from patients with lung cancer) showed higher numbers of Tregs for adenocarcinoma versus squamous carcinoma. These findings reveal that Tregs are present in all lung tissues examined, but with significant enrichment in adenocarcinoma. This may lead to a more permissive microenvironment for adenocarcinoma and may explain aggressive patterns of tumor spread for this histology. Lung cancer patients with adenocarcinoma histology may benefit most from Treg-targeted therapy.
- Published
- 2013
42. Use of a linear array for the detection of human papillomavirus genotypes in head and neck cancer
- Author
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Candice C. Black, Heather A. Bentley, Thomas H. Davis, and Gregory J. Tsongalis
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,Genotype ,Papillomavirus Infections ,Nucleic Acid Hybridization ,Reproducibility of Results ,General Medicine ,Middle Aged ,Microarray Analysis ,Polymerase Chain Reaction ,Pathology and Forensic Medicine ,Medical Laboratory Technology ,Molecular Diagnostic Techniques ,Head and Neck Neoplasms ,Limit of Detection ,DNA, Viral ,Humans ,Female ,DNA Probes, HPV ,Reagent Kits, Diagnostic ,Papillomaviridae ,Aged - Abstract
Context—Tumors of the head and neck commonly arise from the squamous and respiratory mucosa that lines the nasal and oral cavity, sinuses, pharynx, and larynx. The rate of oropharyngeal cancers diagnosed among Americans younger than 50 years is increasing. Infection of the oropharynx and tonsils by the human papillomavirus (HPV) has been linked to preneoplasia and cancer. Objectives—To evaluate the Roche Linear Array HPV Genotyping test kit to identify, and then specifically genotype, HPV in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues. Design—We evaluated the performance of this assay for accuracy, for intra-assay and interassay precision, and for its limit of detection, using materials with known HPV status. Sixteen tumor tissues with the following origins were evaluated: 1 ocular, 1 hypopharynx, 8 tonsil, 1 retromolar trigone, 3 tongue, 1 anal, and 1 lymph node. DNA from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tumor sections was isolated and amplified in duplicate, with positive and negative controls, using primers specific to the polymorphic L1 region of the HPV genome. Thirty-seven genotypes were tested using the linear array. The amplified product (450 base pairs) was visualized by gel electrophoresis and, if positive, reflexed to HPV genotyping. Results—Nine of the 16 tumors analyzed were HPV positive. The detected genotypes included HPV 6, 16, and 69. Conclusions—The Roche Linear Array HPV Genotyping test is an easy-to-use method for determining HPV genotype in the routine analysis of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tumors. This assay is robust and can be performed routinely in a clinical laboratory setting.
- Published
- 2010
43. Pathology quiz case 1. Basal cell adenocarcinoma (BCAC) of a minor salivary gland
- Author
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P Tate, Maddox, Joseph A, Paydarfar, Candice C, Black, and Clifford J, Eskey
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,Humans ,Adenocarcinoma ,Deglutition Disorders ,Salivary Gland Neoplasms ,Salivary Glands, Minor - Published
- 2010
44. Intraosseous ameloblastoma
- Author
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Candice C. Black, Rocco R. Addante, and Carrie A. Mohila
- Subjects
Adult ,Adolescent ,Age Factors ,Middle Aged ,Jaw Neoplasms ,Epithelium ,Patient Care Planning ,Ameloblastoma ,Mesoderm ,Young Adult ,Otorhinolaryngology ,Ameloblasts ,Humans ,Surgery ,Neoplasm Invasiveness ,Oral Surgery ,Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ,Child ,Dental Enamel ,General Dentistry - Abstract
Ameloblastomas are benign slow-growing aggressive neoplasms with a poorly understood potential for rare metastasis. They are capable of reaching large sizes with extensive local bone erosion and destruction. They are composed of a mixture of ameloblastic epithelium and mesenchyme and arise from rests of outer and inner enamel epithelium and dental lamina. Microscopically, ameloblastomas are recognizable from their recapitulation of embryologic ameloblasts and stellate reticulum. There are 3 subtypes: the conventional or solid-multicystic variant, the unicystic variant, and the desmoplastic variant. Treatment planning for a given tumor includes consideration of location, primary versus recurrent, size, presence of cortical perforation, and age and health of the patient. Complete excision is recommended for conventional and desmoplastic variants. The unicystic variant requires additional subtyping to determine the best treatment approach.
- Published
- 2009
45. Early onset of hereditary gingival fibromatosis in a 28-month-old
- Author
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Gary H, Breen, Rocco, Addante, and Candice C, Black
- Subjects
Male ,Gingival Hyperplasia ,Electrosurgery ,Maxilla ,Humans ,Infant ,Mandible ,Tooth, Deciduous ,Fibromatosis, Gingival ,Follow-Up Studies ,Gingivectomy ,Tooth Eruption - Abstract
Hereditary gingival fibromatosis (HGF) is a rare, genetically transmitted disorder that only affects approximately 1 in 750,000 people. HGF is principally transmitted as an autosomal dominant trait. Autosomal recessive transmission has been reported infrequently in the literature. HGF primarily has its onset with the eruption of the permanent dentition, but it can also occur with the eruption of the primary dentition and can on rare occasions be present at birth. The gingival enlargement can be generalized or localized, and can vary in severity. HGF can be on isolated entity or be part of a syndrome. The purpose of this case report was to describe the early onset of nonsyndromic hereditary gingival fibromatosis in a 28-month-old who had severe generalized gingival hyperplasia. Treatment consisted of surgically uncovering 16 primary teeth. Future surgical intervention will likely be required.
- Published
- 2009
46. Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition Markers in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma
- Author
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Armanda D. Tatsas, Mary Kay Washington, Candice C. Black, Robert H. Byrd, Laurel E. Fohn, and Justin M M Cates
- Subjects
Adult ,Pathology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Slug ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,Down-Regulation ,Article ,Mesoderm ,Twist transcription factor ,Endocrinology ,Antigens, CD ,Pancreatitis, Chronic ,Internal Medicine ,medicine ,Carcinoma ,Biomarkers, Tumor ,Humans ,Epithelial–mesenchymal transition ,Pancreatitis, chronic ,Aged ,Neoplasm Staging ,Aged, 80 and over ,Hepatology ,biology ,Cadherin ,Twist-Related Protein 1 ,Nuclear Proteins ,Epithelial Cells ,Middle Aged ,biology.organism_classification ,medicine.disease ,Cadherins ,Prognosis ,Immunohistochemistry ,Pancreatic Neoplasms ,Tissue Array Analysis ,embryonic structures ,Cell Transdifferentiation ,Pancreatitis ,Snail Family Transcription Factors ,Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal ,Transcription Factors - Abstract
Expression of transcription factors that mediate epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), such as Twist and Slug, is correlated with poor prognosis in many tumor types. Selected EMT markers were studied in a series of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas (PDAs) and benign pancreatic tissues to determine whether expression levels correlated with diagnosis, histologic grade, or patient outcome.Immunohistochemical stains for Twist, Slug, and N-cadherin were performed using a tissue microarray containing 68 PDAs and 38 samples of normal pancreas or chronic pancreatitis tissues.Twist and Slug were identified in both the nucleus and cytoplasm of benign pancreatic ductal epithelium, chronic pancreatitis, and PDA. Compared with normal ductal epithelium, nuclear levels of Twist are decreased in PDA. None of the other EMT markers showed significant differences in staining indices among the diagnostic groups. There were no correlations between EMT marker expression and histologic grade. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition marker expression was not associated with N-cadherin expression, patient outcome, or duration of survival.Decreased expression of nuclear Twist is observed in malignant pancreatic epithelium. However, use of Twist as a diagnostic marker is precluded because decreased expression is also seen in chronic pancreatitis. None of the markers studied were predictive of patient outcome.
- Published
- 2009
47. UBE1L Causes Lung Cancer Growth Suppression by Targeting Cyclin D1
- Author
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Fabrizio Galimberti, Qing Feng, Jesper B. Andersen, Vincent A. Memoli, Bret A. Hassel, Ethan Dmitrovsky, Lorenzo F. Sempere, Yongli Guo, Candice C. Black, Konstantin H. Dragnev, Xi Liu, David Sekula, and Sumit J. Shah
- Subjects
Cancer Research ,Lung Neoplasms ,Tetrahydronaphthalenes ,Cyclin D ,Cyclin B ,Ubiquitin-Activating Enzymes ,Biology ,medicine.disease_cause ,Models, Biological ,Article ,Cyclin D1 ,Cell Line, Tumor ,medicine ,Anticarcinogenic Agents ,Humans ,Cycloheximide ,Ubiquitins ,Cyclin ,Cell Proliferation ,Bexarotene ,Cell Cycle ,Cell cycle ,Molecular biology ,Ki-67 Antigen ,Retinoid X Receptors ,Oncology ,biology.protein ,Cancer research ,Cytokines ,Carcinogenesis ,Cyclin A2 ,medicine.drug ,Plasmids - Abstract
UBE1L is the E1-like ubiquitin-activating enzyme for the IFN-stimulated gene, 15-kDa protein (ISG15). The UBE1L-ISG15 pathway was proposed previously to target lung carcinogenesis by inhibiting cyclin D1 expression. This study extends prior work by reporting that UBE1L promotes a complex between ISG15 and cyclin D1 and inhibited cyclin D1 but not other G1 cyclins. Transfection of the UBE1L-ISG15 deconjugase, ubiquitin-specific protein 18 (UBP43), antagonized UBE1L-dependent inhibition of cyclin D1 and ISG15-cyclin D1 conjugation. A lysine-less cyclin D1 species was resistant to these effects. UBE1L transfection reduced cyclin D1 protein but not mRNA expression. Cycloheximide treatment augmented this cyclin D1 protein instability. UBE1L knockdown increased cyclin D1 protein. UBE1L was independently retrovirally transduced into human bronchial epithelial and lung cancer cells. This reduced cyclin D1 expression and clonal cell growth. Treatment with the retinoid X receptor agonist bexarotene induced UBE1L and reduced cyclin D1 immunoblot expression. A proof-of-principle bexarotene clinical trial was independently examined for UBE1L, ISG15, cyclin D1, and Ki-67 immunohistochemical expression profiles in pretreatment versus post-treatment tumor biopsies. Increased UBE1L with reduced cyclin D1 and Ki-67 expression occurred in human lung cancer when a therapeutic bexarotene intratumoral level was achieved. Thus, a mechanism for UBE1L-mediated growth suppression was found by UBE1L-ISG15 preferentially inhibiting cyclin D1. Molecular therapeutic implications are discussed. [Mol Cancer Ther 2008;7(12):3780–8]
- Published
- 2008
48. The rexinoid LG100268 and the synthetic triterpenoid CDDO-methyl amide are more potent than erlotinib for prevention of mouse lung carcinogenesis
- Author
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Charlotte R. Williams, Renee Risingsong, Mark M. Yore, Gordon W. Gribble, Thomas A. Sporn, Xi Liu, Ethan Dmitrovsky, Candice C. Black, William W. Lamph, Michael B. Sporn, Karen T. Liby, Tadashi Honda, and Darlene B. Royce
- Subjects
Cancer Research ,Lung Neoplasms ,Tetrahydronaphthalenes ,Retinoid X receptor ,medicine.disease_cause ,Article ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Erlotinib Hydrochloride ,Mice ,Cell Line, Tumor ,medicine ,Animals ,Anticarcinogenic Agents ,Epidermal growth factor receptor ,Oleanolic Acid ,Lung cancer ,Oleanolic acid ,Lung ,Protein Kinase Inhibitors ,Carcinogen ,biology ,Nicotinic Acids ,Cancer ,medicine.disease ,Oncology ,chemistry ,Immunology ,Cancer research ,biology.protein ,Quinazolines ,Female ,Erlotinib ,Carcinogenesis ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Female A/J mice injected with the carcinogen vinyl carbamate develop atypical adenomatous hyperplasias in lungs 4 weeks after injection with the carcinogen. The number and severity of tumors then increase over time, making these mice a useful model for evaluating potential chemopreventive agents. The rexinoid LG100268 (LG268), a selective ligand for the retinoid X receptor, and the methyl amide of the synthetic triterpenoid 2-cyano-3,12-dioxooleana-1,9(11)-dien-28-oic acid (CDDO) both significantly reduced the number, size, and severity of the histopathology of lung tumors in female A/J mice when fed in diet for 14 to 20 weeks. The total tumor burden was 85% to 87% lower in mice fed LG268 and CDDO-MA than in controls, and the percentage of high-grade tumors decreased from 59% in the controls to 25% or 30% with CDDO-MA and LG268. Erlotinib, which is used to treat lung cancer patients and is an inhibitor of the epidermal growth factor receptor, was less effective in this model. Immunohistochemical staining of geminin, a marker of cell cycle progression, was higher in lung sections from control mice than in mice treated with LG268. Because rexinoids and triterpenoids signal through different biological pathways, they should be tested in combination for the prevention of lung cancer. [Mol Cancer Ther 2008;7(5):1251–7]
- Published
- 2008
49. Pulmonary Lymphomas
- Author
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Candice C. Black, Norman B. Levy, and Gregory J. Tsongalis
- Published
- 2008
50. Uncovering Novel Targets for Cancer Chemoprevention
- Author
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James R. Rigas, Yan Ma, Sarah J. Freemantle, Ethan Dmitrovsky, Qing Feng, Candice C. Black, Vincent A. Memoli, Konstantin H. Dragnev, Sutisak Kitareewan, Sumit J. Shah, and William C. Nugent
- Subjects
Small interfering RNA ,Cyclin D1 ,medicine.drug_class ,GSK-3 ,Kinase ,medicine ,Cancer research ,Retinoid ,Biology ,Cyclin D3 ,Carcinogen ,Cyclin - Abstract
Tobacco carcinogen treatment of immortalized human bronchial epithelial (HBE) cells has uncovered novel targets for cancer chemoprevention. Experiments were conducted with HBE cells and independent treatments with tobacco carcinogens along with the chemopreventive agent all-trans-retinoic acid (RA). That work highlighted D-type and E-type cyclins as novel molecular pharmacologic targets of several chemopreventive agents. G1 cyclins are often aberrantly expressed in bronchial preneoplasia and lung cancers. This implicated these species as targets for clinical cancer chemoprevention. Retinoid regulation mechanisms of D-type cyclins in lung cancer chemoprevention have been comprehensively explored. Retinoid chemoprevention has been mechanistically linked to proteasomal degradation of cyclin D1 and cyclin D3. Threonine 286 mutation stabilized cyclin D1, implicating phosphorylation in this retinoid chemoprevention. Studies with a phospho-specific anti-cyclin D1 antibody confirmed this hypothesis. Glycogen synthase kinase (GSK) inhibitors established a role for this kinase in the retinoid regulation of cyclin D1, but not cyclin D3. Involvement of D-type cyclins in this chemoprevention was shown using small interfering RNAs (siRNAs). Gene profiling experiments highlighted the E1-like ubiquitin-activating enzyme (UBE1L) in the retinoid regulation of cyclin D1. Proof of principle trials have translated these studies into the clinic and established that chemopreventive agents can target D-type cyclins. These findings have been built upon with a targeted combination regimen that cooperatively affects D-type cyclins. Taken together, these preclinical and clinical findings strongly implicate these cyclins as novel molecular pharmacological targets for cancer chemoprevention.
- Published
- 2007
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