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The aim this paper was investigate the biology of incorporation of autologous and allogeneic onlay grafts to mandible of rabbits in association or not with Platelet Rich Plama (PRP). Forty animals composed this experiment. Bones were harvested from the wing of ilium and onlay grafted bilaterally to mandible cortex. Half of the animals received fresh autologous bone and the others received allogeneic bone previously frozen under -70ºC for 120 days. On the right side of the mandible, PRP was added. Euthanasia of the animals took place after 3, 7, 14, 28 and 56 days. Histological sections were stained with hematoxilin and, eosin, toluidin blue, picro-sirius and TRAP. For immunohistochemical study, anti-CD79αcγ, anti-CD3 and anti-RAM11 antibodies were considered. At all variables studied, a superiority on the behavior of allogeneic grafts, especially in the latest periods of grafting was observed. The largest amount of macrophages was detected around allogeneic bones, despite it being the less absorbed. The presence of PRP did not modify the behavior of those variables in a statistically significant way. The frozen allogeneic bone represented a good material for the thickening of the jaw and did not induce immunological reaction. PRP was not effective in improving the healing of onlay bone grafts. El objetivo de este trabajo fue investigar la biología de la incorporación de injertos onlay autólogos y alogénicos a la mandíbula de conejos en asociación o no con Plaqueta Rica en Plaquetas (PRP). Cuarenta animales compusieron este experimento. Los huesos se extrajeron del ala del ilion y se injertaron de manera bilateral en la corteza mandibular. La mitad de los animales recibieron hueso autólogo fresco y el resto hueso alogénico previamente congelado a -70ºC durante 120 días. En el lado derecho de la mandíbula, se agregó PRP. La eutanasia de los animales tuvo lugar después de 3, 7, 14, 28 y 56 días. Las secciones histológicas se tiñeron con hematoxilina y eosina, azul de toluidina, picro-sirius y TRAP. Para el estudio inmunohistoquímico se consideraron anticuerpos anti-CD79αcγ, anti-CD3 y anti-RAM11. En todas las variables estudiadas se observó una superioridad sobre el comportamiento de los injertos alogénicos, especialmente en los últimos periodos de injerto. La mayor cantidad de macrófagos se detectó alrededor de los huesos alogénicos, a pesar de ser los menos absorbidos. La presencia de PRP no modificó el comportamiento de dichas variables de forma estadísticamente significativa. El hueso alogénico congelado representó un buen material para el engrosamiento de la mandíbula y no indujo reacción inmunológica. El PRP no fue eficaz para mejorar la cicatrización de los injertos óseos onlay. O objetivo deste trabalho foi investigar a biologia da incorporação de enxertos onlay autólogos e alogênicos em mandíbula de coelhos em associação ou não com Plama Rico em Plaquetas (PRP). Quarenta animais compuseram este experimento. Os ossos foram colhidos da asa do ílio e onlay enxertados bilateralmente no córtex da mandíbula. Metade dos animais recebeu osso autólogo fresco e os demais receberam osso alogênico previamente congelado a -70ºC por 120 dias. No lado direito da mandíbula, foi adicionado PRP. A eutanásia dos animais ocorreu após 3, 7, 14, 28 e 56 dias. Os cortes histológicos foram corados com hematoxilina e, eosina, azul de toluidina, picro-sirius e TRAP. Para o estudo imuno-histoquímico, foram considerados os anticorpos anti-CD79αcγ, anti-CD3 e anti-RAM11. Em todas as variáveis ​​estudadas, observou-se superioridade no comportamento dos enxertos alogênicos, principalmente nos períodos mais tardios de enxertia. A maior quantidade de macrófagos foi detectada ao redor dos ossos alogênicos, apesar de ser o menos absorvido. A presença do PRP não modificou o comportamento dessas variáveis de forma estatisticamente significativa. O osso alogênico congelado representou um bom material para o espessamento da mandíbula e não induziu reação imunológica. O PRP não foi eficaz em melhorar a cicatrização de enxertos ósseos onlay.

OBJECTIVES To evaluate bone height and thickness in the mandibular buccal shelf region and to compare differences between anatomical sites according to gender, side and vertical and sagittal skeletal patterns. SETTINGS AND SAMPLE POPULATION Multislice computed tomography (MSCT) images of 94 subjects (51 females and 43 males) were previously obtained as part of preoperative planning for orthognathic surgery. METHODS Measurements were performed in three different regions of the mandibular buccal shelf: mesially, towards the central groove and distally to the second molars. Bone thickness measurements were obtained perpendicularly 3, 5 and 7 mm below the bone crest towards the mandible outer cortex. Bone height was measured 3 mm away from the bone crest perpendicularly to the outer cortex of the base of mandible. RESULTS There was an increase in bone thickness in the posterior and basal directions. The increase in bone thickness ranged from 1.8 to 7.1 mm. Greater bone height was found in the anterior direction. The increase in bone height ranged from 17.5 to 22.5 mm. Hypodivergent and Class III subjects showed significantly greater bone thickness (P

Periodontal disease is one of the possible risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. Among cardiovascular diseases, atherosclerosis stands in bold relief. The endotoxin increase at periodontal tissue and/or its introduction at systemic circulation can produce atherosclerosis and start a thrombus formation. One of the possible mechanisms of this interaction can be represented by pathogenic events similar between both diseases. Periodontal prevention and treatment seems to minimize its role as risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. More studies are necessary to determine the association between periodontal disease and cardiovascular disease.

Objective: The objective of this present study was to understand how children and adolescents perceive esthetic attractiveness of a variety of orthodontic appliances. It also analyzed preferences according to patients' age, sex and socioeconomic status. Methods: A photograph album consisting of eight photographs of different orthodontic appliances and clear tray aligners placed in a consenting adult with pleasing smile was used. A sample of children or adolescents aged between 8 and 17 years old (n = 276) was asked to rate each image for its attractiveness on a visual analog scale. Comparisons between the appliances attractiveness were performed by means of nonparametric statistics with Friedman's test followed by Dunn's multiple comparison post-hoc test. Correlation between appliances and individuals' socioeconomic status, age, sex, and esthetic perception was assessed by means of Spearman's correlation analysis. Results: Attractiveness ratings of orthodontic appliances varied nonsignificantly for children in the following hierarchy: traditional metallic brackets with green elastomeric ligatures > traditional metallic brackets with gray elastomeric ligatures > sapphire esthetic brackets; and for adolescents, as follows: sapphire esthetic brackets > clear aligner without attachments > traditional metallic brackets with green elastomeric ligatures. The correlation between individuals' socioeconomic status and esthetic perception of a given appliance was negative and statistically significant for appliances such as the golden orthodontic brackets and traditional metallic brackets with green elastomeric ligatures. Conclusion: Metal appliances were considered very attractive, whereas aligners were classified as less attractive by children and adolescents. The correlation between esthetic perception and socioeconomic status revealed that individuals with a higher socioeconomic level judged esthetics as the most attractive attribute. For those with higher economic status, golden orthodontic brackets and traditional metallic brackets with green elastomeric ligatures were assessed as the worst esthetic option. RESUMO Objetivo: o objetivo do presente estudo foi compreender como crianças e adolescentes percebem a atratividade estética de uma variedade de aparelhos ortodônticos. Também foram analisadas as preferências segundo idade, sexo e nível socioeconômico. Métodos: foi utilizado um álbum de fotografias contendo oito imagens de um mesmo adulto sorrindo, utilizando diferentes aparelhos ortodônticos e alinhadores estéticos. Crianças e adolescentes, com idades entre 8 e 17 anos (n = 276), foram orientadas a classificar cada imagem em uma escala visual analógica, de acordo com a atratividade. Comparações entre a atratividade dos aparelhos foram realizadas por meio do teste estatístico não paramétrico de Friedman seguido pelo teste post-hoc de Dunn para comparações múltiplas. As correlações entre a atratividade de cada aparelho e o nível socioeconômico, idade e sexo foram avaliadas segundo o coeficiente de correlação de Spearman. Resultados: a atratividade dos aparelhos ortodônticos variou, de maneira não significativa, para as crianças na seguinte ordem: braquete metálico com ligadura verde > braquete metálico tradicional com ligadura cinza > braquete estético de safira. Para os adolescentes, variou na seguinte ordem: braquete estético de safira > alinhadores estéticos transparentes sem anexos > braquete metálico com ligadura verde. A correlação entre o nível socioeconômico e a percepção estética foi positiva e estatisticamente significativa para os alinhadores transparentes sem anexos, para os adolescentes do sexo feminino. Conclusões: os aparelhos metálicos foram considerados muito atrativos pelas crianças, enquanto o braquete estético e os alinhadores transparentes foram classificados como mais atrativos pelos adolescentes. A correlação entre a percepção estética e o nível socioeconômico revelou que o nível socioeconômico não influenciou na atratividade para crianças e adolescentes do sexo masculino. No entanto, adolescentes do sexo feminino com maior nível socioeconômico avaliaram os dispositivos estéticos como os mais atrativos.

Osteonecrosis of the jaw is a consequent condition of a variety of local and systemic factors that compromises the bone blood flow. Bisphosphonates are a class of compounds widely used for the treatment of disorders of bone metabolism, such as bone metastasis and osteoporosis. Bisphosphonates-induced osteonecrosis of the jaw is a new complication, published for the first time at 2003, and can be defined as an unexpected necrosis development on the oral cavity in patients who received bisphosphonates and were not being treated with head and neck radiotherapy. Radiographies show radiolucent zones or sclerotic bone and, in some cases, show areas with delayed or absent bone remodeling after extraction, remain the socket cavity. The treatment can be done in accordance with the condition stage, since management of 0,12% chlorhexidine and antibiotics until laser utilization, hyperbaric oxygen, surgical debridement and resection. It is important to promote more communication between physicians and dentists to guarantee dental attention during the bisphosphonate administration, establishing oral health and preventing complications, such as osteonecrosis induced by this medication.

A doença periodontal é apontada como possível fator de risco para as doenças cardiovasculares. Dentre as patologias cardíacas, destaca-se a arteriosclerose. O aumento de endotoxinas no tecido periodontal e/ou a sua introdução na circulação sistêmica pode produzir arteriosclerose e formar trombos. Um dos possíveis mecanismos desta interação pode ser representado por eventos patogênicos similares entre as duas doenças. A prevenção e tratamento da patologia periodontal parece minimizar o seu papel como fator de risco para as doenças cardiovasculares. Mais estudos são necessários para determinar a associação entre a doença periodontal e as doenças cardiovasculares.