Search

OBJECTIVE. The purpose of this article is to review the practical imaging workup and characteristic imaging appearances of intraabdominal lymphatic malformations (LMs) in the pediatric population with a brief discussion of some common differential diagnoses found in a vascular anomaly clinic. CONCLUSION. LMs are uncommon pediatric lesions. Because of their rarity among LMs overall, a tendency to present later in life than superficial LMs, and often incidental identification, intraabdominal LMs pose a particular diagnostic challenge, and pathologic entities that are more prevalent must be carefully excluded first. Although the diagnosis of most intraabdominal LMs can be reliably based on clear understanding of characteristic imaging findings, histologic correlation may be necessary in some cases.

Palpable subcutaneous masses present in various shapes and sizes in the pediatric population and, accordingly, represent a variety of underlying causes. Lymphatic and venous malformations are among the most common pediatric subcutaneous lesions. However, there are congenital and acquired, as well as benign and malignant, soft-tissue masses that can mimic them clinically and at imaging.Here, we review the natural history, wide range of clinical presentations, and varied but characteristic imaging appearance of lymphatic malformations that can pose diagnostic difficulties in children. In addition, the clinical and imaging characteristics of some pediatric soft-tissue pathologies that can mimic lymphatic malformations and clues to reach a proper diagnosis are highlighted.

OBJECTIVE. The purpose of this article is to review the unusual clinical and radiographic features of venous malformations that can give rise to diagnostic confusion. Entities that can have overlapping clinical and imaging features with venous malformations are also reviewed. CONCLUSION. Venous malformations are congenital endothelial malformations secondary to errors in vascular morphogenesis and are usually diagnosed in the first 2 decades of life. The clinical and imaging features of venous malformations often overlap those of other pathologic entities, creating diagnostic confusion. Furthermore, the clinical presentation and imaging appearance of venous malformations can vary, making the diagnosis challenging. Thorough knowledge of the various clinical and imaging features not only of venous malformations but also of the major potential mimic lesions is crucial for clinicians caring for patients with these lesions.

The purpose of this article is to describe the normal imaging appearance of cartilage and the pathophysiologic findings, imaging appearance, and surgical management of cartilage delamination.Delamination injuries of knee cartilage signify surgical lesions that can lead to significant morbidity without treatment. These injuries may present with clinical symptoms identical to those associated with meniscal injury, and arthroscopic identification can be difficult, thereby creating a role for imaging diagnosis. A low sensitivity of imaging identification of delamination injury of the knee is reported in the available literature, although vast improvements in MRI of cartilage have since been introduced.

INTRODUCTIONHerein, we present a case of an elderly gentleman who presented with an extensive intramural hematoma of the aorta which was treated with a percutaneous placement of an endovascular stent.PRESENTATION OF CASEA 79-year-old male with a history of hypertension presented to the emergency department because of sudden onset of substernal chest pain radiating to his back. A chest computerized tomography scan was performed that demonstrated a Type A aortic wall intramural hematoma involving the arch and ascending aorta dissecting both antegrade and retrograde from a penetrating ulcer located in the descending aorta, immediately distal to the left subclavian artery. No dissection flap was noted. The patient opted for an endovascular approach. He was treated with the placement of a stent just distal to the left subclavian artery, with good results noted on follow-up exam performed 3 months later.DISCUSSIONThe treatment of a Type A IMH lacks consensus, but the majority do favor surgical management. The data are limited; however, there are reports of patients with Type A intramural hematoma treated with descending aortic endograft at the site of the culprit ulcerated plaque, with satisfactory results.CONCLUSIONIn a select group of patients, an endovascular approach for the treatment of a Type A aortic wall intramural hematoma caused by an ulcerated plaque may be a viable treatment option.