Search

BACKGROUND Tolerance of baked milk indicates a good prognosis in IgE-mediated cow's milk allergy. OBJECTIVE The present study aims to investigate the predictors of baked milk tolerance, particularly the amount of milk tolerated in the first oral food challenge (OFC) test, in children with IgE-mediated cow's milk allergy. METHODS The study included 35 cases who were diagnosed with IgE-mediated cow's milk allergy upon open OFC testing in the Pediatric Allergy Clinic. Four weeks after the diagnosis, skin prick test (SPT) and OFC were performed with baked milk. Cases who did and did not develop reactions during OFC with baked milk were compared regarding clinical and laboratory parameters. RESULTS Twelve cases (33.3%) did not develop a reaction during OFC with baked milk. Those who had low levels of casein sIgE, β-lactoglobulin sIgE, and β-lactoalbumin sIgE; small SPT wheal diameter for baked milk and β-lactoalbumin; and a large amount of unheated milk tolerated in the first OFC were found to be tolerant to baked milk (p < 0.05). For predicting baked milk tolerance, a cut-off level of the amount of unheated milk tolerated in OFC was calculated as 620 mg [with the area under the curve (AUC) 0.88 (95% confidence interval 0.77-0.99) in ROC curve analysis]. CONCLUSIONS If a child with cow's milk allergy is able to tolerate more than 620 mg of milk protein during challenge with unheated milk, this may show that this child will tolerate baked milk, meaning that the child will be able to tolerate cow's milk in the future.

Background Drug allergies are reactions within the context of drug hypersensitivity reactions, which are caused by immunological mechanisms due to a previously sensitising drug. Beta-lactam antibiotics (BLA) are the leading agents causing drug hypersensitivity reactions in children. The aim of this study is to evaluate the diagnostic importance of in vivo and in vitro diagnostic tests in children with suspected immediate-type BLA hypersensitivity and to investigate the frequency of their use for the final diagnosis. Methods Patients admitted to the Outpatient Clinic of Division of Paediatric Allergy and Immunology with suspicion of immediate-type BLA hypersensitivity between December 2014 and December 2018 were investigated. Patients with a history of immediate reactions to BLA were examined by performing drug specific IgE, skin prick tests, intradermal tests and drug provocation tests (DPT). Results During the study period, 148 patients were admitted to our clinic with suspected immediate-type BLA hypersensitivity. Forty-eight patients completed all assessment steps and were enrolled in the study. It has been shown that 27 patients did not have drug allergy. BLA hypersensitivity was proven in 21 patients by using in vivo test algorithm. More than half of the patients were diagnosed via skin tests with culprit drug. Conclusion Allergy work-up should be performed in patients with immediate reactions to BLA. A skin test can demonstrate BLA hypersensitivity in most patients. Thus, skin tests should be performed prior to the drug provocation test.

Objective: To evaluate the prevalence and the risk factors of allergic rhinitis in a particular area. Methods: The main study group consisted of all school children in Kemalpasa district aged 13-14 years. Children with current rhinitis based on responses given in ISAAC questionnaire survey were further evaluated for confirmation. Parents responded to a more detailed questionnaire about allergic diseases and risk factors. Then peak nasal inspiratory flow (PNIF) was evaluated to objectively assess nasal patency. Skin-prick test was performed for ten common allergens. Results: The questionnaire was answered by 90.8% (1373) of children. The prevalence of physician-diagnosed AR was 11.1%. Current rhinitis was found to be 31.3%. Of this group, 55.0% were admitted for the parent questionnaire and tests. Precisely, 90.3% of children accepted PNIF evaluation, and %10.1 of them had a nasal obstruction. Skin-prick tests revealed allergy for at least 1 allergen in 16.6% of children. The present study showed that the children with maternal allergic rhinitis history had 2,18 fold, and the children with seasonal allergic rhinitis had 2,11 fold higher possibility of sensitization to an allergen. The probability of perennial allergic rhinitis was 3,1 fold higher in the children who had siblings with allergic rhinitis. Conclusion: We included all children in a specific age group living in an area in our survey. As well as we found the prevalence of current rhinitis with the ISAAC questionnaire; we also evaluated peak nasal inspiratory flow and used skin-prick tests that yielded objective results.

Can, Demet (Balikesir Author), Objective: Asthma is one of the most common chronic diseases of childhood. Many studies have shown that education positively affects asthma control and patients’ quality of life. In this study, it was aimed to measure the awareness levels of children who have been under observation for a long time and who underwent Allergen Specific Immunotherapy (AIT). Methods: Patients with asthma, asthma & allergic rhinitis and/or rhinoconjunctivitis who received subcutaneous AIT between July 2019 and December 2019 were included in our prospective case-control study. A questionnaire was applied to each patient, in which both the levels of awareness related to their disease and AIT, as well as their knowledge of the allergens and prevention measures they were sensitive to were measured. The results were examined. Age, gender, type of allergic diseases, allergen type, AIT time were evaluated statistically. Results: 82 cases (48 boys and 34 girls) were included in the study. The number of patients who know the name of the disease correctly is 68 (82.9%); The number of patients who knew allergens to be sensitive was found to be 47 (57.3%). It was observed that 15%-72% of the cases had information about asthma disease. Age, gender and diseases of the patients were not statistically different. Conclusion: In our study, it was observed that our children were highly aware of especially about sports and environmental protection methods. It is essential to raise awareness of patients and parents for increase treatment success and control the asthma., Amaç: Astım çocukluk çağının en sık görülen kronik hastalıklarından biridir. Yapılan birçok çalışmada eğitimin, astım kontrolünü ve hastaların yaşam kalitesini olumlu yönde etkilediği gösterilmiştir. Bu çalışmada uzun süredir izlem altında olan ve Alerjen Spesifik İmmünoterapi (AIT) programı nedeniyle sık sık bir araya gelinen çocukların hem hastalıkları ve AIT ile ilişkili farkındalık düzeylerinin ölçülmesi hedeflenmiştir. Yöntem: Prospektif, olgu kontrol çalışmamıza, Çocuk Alerji Polikliniği’ne Temmuz 2019-Aralık 2019 tarihleri arasında subkutan AIT uygulanan astım, astım&alerjik rinit ve/veya rinokonjonktivitli hastalar dahil edildi. Her hastaya hem hastalıkları ve AIT ile ilişkili farkındalık düzeylerinin, hem de duyarlı oldukları alerjenler ve korunma önlemleri ile ilgili bilgilerinin ölçüldüğü bir anket uygulandı. Anket sonuçları üzerinde yaşın, cinsin, alerjik hastalık tipinin, uygulanan alerjen tipinin, AIT süresinin etkisi olup olmadığı araştırıldı. Bulgular: Çalışmaya toplam 82 olgu (48 erkek ve 34 kız) alındı. Hastalığının tam olarak adını bilen olgu sayısı 68 (%82.9), duyarlı olduğu alerjeni bilen olgu sayısı ise 47 (%57.3) olarak saptandı. Olguların %15-72’sinin astım hastalığı ile ilgili bilgi sahibi olduğu görüldü. Hastalara ait yaş cinsiyet ve sahip olduğu hastalıklar arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı fark saptanmadı. Sonuç: Araştırmamızda özellikle spor ve çevresel korunma yöntemlerini içeren konular hakkında çocuklarımızın farkındalığının yüksek olduğu görülmüştür. Astım semptomlarının azaltılması ve kontrolünün sağlanması için tedavi uygulamaları ile beraber, tedaviye uyumu arttırmak için hasta ve ailelerin bilinçlendirilmesi ve bu eğitimin devamlılığının sağlanması esastır.

Background The diagnostic values for the skin prick test (SPT) diameters and egg white-specific IgE (EW-sIgE) levels that will allow us to predict the result of the oral food challenge test (OFC) in the diagnosis of egg white allergy vary by the community where the study is carried out. Objective This study aimed to determine the diagnostic values of SPT and EW-sIgE levels in the diagnosis of egg white allergy. Methods 59 patients followed with the diagnosis of egg allergy September 2013 to September 2015 were included in our retrospective cross-sectional study. The patients were investigated in terms of egg and anaphylaxis history or the requirement of the OFC positivity. The demographic, clinical and laboratory findings of the cases were recorded, and they were compared with the patients with the suspected egg allergy but negative OFC (n = 47). Results In the study, for all age groups, the value of 5 mm in SPT was found to be significant at 96.4% positive predictive value (PPV) and 97.8% specificity and the value of 5.27 kU/L for EW-sIgE was found to be significant at 76% PPV and 86.6% specificity for egg white. The diagnostic power of the SPT for egg white (AUC: 72.2%) was determined to be significantly higher compared to the diagnostic power of the EW-sIgE (AUC: 52.3%) (p Conclusion Along with the determination of the diagnostic values of communities, the rapid and accurate diagnosis of the children with a food allergy will be ensured, and the patient follow-up will be made easier.

Cutaneous mastocytosis is one of the diseases that will be considered in the differential diagnosis of patients presenting with urticarial plaques and common bullae. Its differential diagnosis should be made among other potential conditions such as bullous impetigo, bullous pemphigoid or eczematous eruptions accompanying immune deficiencies. The close follow up of evolution of specific lesions with detailed anamnesis, and physical examination the diagnosis of cutanous mastocytosis should be considered in priority. Detection of Darier’s sign is also helpful during examination. Definitive diagnosis can only be established after performing a skin biopsy. Here, we present a 2.5 month-old infant with cutanous mastocytosis and discuss differential diagnosis and therapeutic features in light of current literature.

Yazıcı, Selçuk (Balikesir Author), Aim: Allergic sensitization in infancy generally develops against food allergens. We aimed to investigate the frequency of aero-allergens sensitization at older ages in infants with food allergy. Material and Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted in Dr. Behcet Uz Children's Allergy Clinic. Infants with confirmed IgE-mediated food allergy between January 1st, 2004, and December 31st, 2016, were evaluated for aero-allergen sensitivities through skin prick tests (SPT) after at least two years after diagnosis, and the data were compared with a healthy control group. Results: A total of 187 cases, 87 of which were patients, were included in the study. The cause of food allergies was cow's milk only in 24 (27.6%) cases, egg only in 26 (29.9%) cases, both cow's milk and egg in 33 (37.9%) cases, fish only in two cases (2.3%), and both fish and egg in two (2.3%) cases. The mean age at which the aero-allergen SPT was performed was 65 (46-180) months in the patient group and 72 (48-132) months in the healthy control group. In the patient group, 39 (44.8%) had aero-allergen sensitization, whereas, in the healthy control group, five (5%) had aero-allergen sensitization. Aero-allergen sensitization was more frequent in the patient group (p0.05). Conclusion: In infants with food allergies, sensitization may develop with aero-allergens at an early age. Clinical follow-up of these patients may be important in terms of allergic respiratory diseases., Amaç: İnfant dönemde alerjik duyarlanma genellikle besin alerjenlerine karşı gelişir. Amacımız besin alerjisi olan infantlarda ileri yaşlarda aero-allerjenlere duyarlılık gelişimini araştırmaktır. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Geriye dönük kesitsel bu çalışmada Dr. Behçet Uz Çocuk Hastanesi Çocuk Alerji Kliniği’mizde 01.01.2004 ile 31.12.2016 tarihleri arasında başvuran IgE aracılı besin alerjisi tanısı doğrulanan infantlar en az 2 yıl sonra deri prick testi ile aero-alerjen duyarlanmaları değerlendirildi. Aero-alerjen duyarlılıkları sağlıklı kontrol grubu ile karşılaştırıldı. Bulgular: Çalışmaya 87’si hasta olmak üzere toplam 187 olgu alındı. Olguların 24’ü (%27,6) sadece süt, 26’sı (%29,9) sadece yumurta, 33’ü (%37,9) süt ve yumurta, 2’si (%2,3) balık, 2’si (%2,3) balık ve yumurta alerjisi saptanmıştı. Aero-alerjen deri prick testin yapıldığı ortalama yaş hasta grubunda 65 (46–180) ay, kontrol grubunda 72 (48–132) ay saptandı. Hasta grubunda 39 (%44,8) olguda aero-alerjen duyarlılığı saptanırken kontrol grubunda 5 (%5) olguda aero-alerjen duyarlılığı saptandı. Aero-alerjen duyarlılık hasta grubunda daha sık saptandı (p0,05). Çıkarımlar: Besin alerjisi olan infantlarda erken yaşlarda aero-alerjenlerle duyarlanma gelişebilmektedir. Gelişebilecek alerjik solunum yolu hastalıkları açısından bu hastaların klinik izlemi önemlidir.

Introduction: Environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) is thought to increase the severity and number of attacks in wheezy children. Objective assessments are needed to change the behavior of families to reduce the exposure of wheezy children to ETS. Aim: To determine whether informing families about their children’s urinary cotinine levels curtailed the exposure of children to ETS. Material and methods: A survey was used to determine the ETS exposure level, and the urinary cotinine level of each patient was tested. Children with positive urinary cotinine levels were included in the second part of the study. The families were randomly divided into two groups: an intervention group that was advised about urinary cotinine levels by telephone and a non-intervention group that was not so advised. The groups were followed-up 2 months later, and urinary cotinine levels were measured once again. Results: The intervention group contained 65 children of average age of 24.4 ±8.9 months, of whom 46 (70.8%) were male. The non-intervention group contained 69 children of average age of 25.3 ±9.8 months (p > 0.05), of whom 52 (75.4%) were male. The urinary cotinine levels at the time of the second interview were lower in both groups. The number of cigarettes that fathers smoked at home decreased in the intervention group (p = 0.037). Conclusions: Presenting objective evidence on ETS exposure to families draws attention to their smoking habits. Measurement of cotinine levels is cheap, practical, and noninvasive. Combined with education, creating awareness by measuring cotinine levels may be beneficial.

Introduction : Platelets play important roles in airway inflammation and are activated in inflammatory lung diseases, including asthma. Aim :We evaluated the mean platelet volume (MPV), used as a marker of platelet activation, in asthmatic patients during asymptomatic periods and exacerbations compared to healthy controls to determine whether MPV can be used as an indicator of inflammation. Material and methods :Our patient group consisted of95 children with exacerbation of asthma who were admitted to our allergy clinic. The control group consisted of 100 healthy children matched for age, gender, and ethnicity. Mean platelet volume values of the patient group obtained during exacerbation of asthma were compared to those of the same group during the asymptomatic period and with the control group. We investigated factors that can affect the MPV values of asthma patients, including infection, atopy, immunotherapy treatment, and severity of asthma exacerbation. Results :The patient group consisted of 50 (52.6%) boys and 45 (47.4%) girls with a mean age of 125 ±38 months old. Mean MPV values in the exacerbation period, the healthy period, and in the control group were 8.1 ±0.8 fl, 8.1 ±1.06 fl, and 8.2 ±0.9 fl, respectively; there were no significant differences between groups (p > 0.05). The severity of asthma, severity of asthma exacerbation, immunotherapy, coinfection, eosinophil count, and IgE level also had no effect on MPV (p > 0.05). Conclusions : Although platelets play a rolein the pathophysiology of asthma, MPV measurement is insufficient to detect inflammation through platelets

Objectives Even though allergen immunotherapy is an effective treatment method that has been used on rhinitis, asthma and venom anaphylaxis for over 100 years, systemic reactions (SRs) limit the use of this treatment method. We classified SRs associated with subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT) according to the World Allergy Organization Subcutaneous Immunotherapy Systemic Reaction Grading System. Risk factors for the SRs were assessed. Methods In this study 67,758 injections to 1350 children with allergic rhinitis and/or asthma were analyzed throughout January 1999–December 2014. Results A total of 51 systemic reactions were observed in 39 patients (0.075% per injection, %3 per patient). Mean age of SRs observed patients was 13 ± 2.6 years (range 9.5–16 years) and 64.1% were male, 35.9% were female. 51.3% of SRs were grade 1, 38.5% grade 2, 7.7% grade 3 and 2.6% grade 4. SRs were early onset in 41% of the patients and delayed onset in 59%. 76.9% of SRs were seen during maintenance therapy and 56.4% during peak pollen season. In 28.2% of cases previous local reactions and in 30.8% previous grade 1 reactions were determined. There was no fatal outcome from any of the SRs. Conclusion SCIT related SRs are generally of mild severity. Although only 10% of the SRs were grade 3 or 4, there is a still a small risk of severe reactions. 76.9% of SRs were observed during maintenance therapy. Delayed-onset SRs rate in our study is 59%. So both clinicians and parents should be alert about the delayed reactions after SCIT.

Background Local and especially systemic reactions are important problems in subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT). Local and systemic reactions develop in 0.7% to 4% and 0.2% of all injections, respectively. Objective To evaluate the frequency of and risk factors for reactions developing in pediatric patients undergoing SCIT. Methods Local and systemic reactions developing after 14,308 injections between 2003 and 2013 were retrospectively evaluated in the current study using the Subcutaneous Immunotherapy Systemic Reaction Grading System, as recommended by the World Allergy Organization. The type of allergic disease, allergens producing a sensitivity, allergen immunotherapy content, adjuvant content, and the effects of treatment phase on the frequency of adverse effects were investigated. Results Of 319 patients, local reactions occurred in 11.9%, wide local reactions occurred in 5%, and systemic reactions occurred in 4.7%. A local reaction was observed in 0.38% of all injections, whereas a systemic reaction was observed in 0.1% of all injections. Local reactions were most frequent in the build-up phase, and systemic reactions were most frequent in the maintenance phase ( P = .01). Side reactions were more common in patients undergoing SCIT with multiple allergens ( P = .002) and house dust mite ( P = .001). No statistically significant difference was found between adjuvant content and adverse effect frequency ( P = .32). Conclusions The frequencies of local and wide local reactions during SCIT were lower than expected. Although systemic reactions were frequently seen, no fatal reaction was observed in the current study. House dust mite SCIT and multiple allergen use increased the risk of reaction.

Background: There is no consensus as to whether allergic rhinitis (AR) is a cause of adenoid hypertrophy (AH). This study evaluated the role of allergy in AH, and it explored the role of nasal endoscopy and the history of diagnosing AR in children empirically. Materials and methods: This study enrolled 155 children consecutively in İzmir Behcet Uz Children`s Hospital between January and September 2013. Results: Of the patients, 101 (65.2%) had a positive skin prick test. Multiple allergen sensitivity was identified in 76 (75.2%) of these patients. The history items of itching and sneezing had predictive value for empirically diagnosing AR in children. Of the nasal examination findings, only the nasal secretion characteristics had significant predictive value. AH and AR had a significant negative correlation. Conclusion: In this study, AH and AR were inversely related. The characteristics of the nasal secretions, itching, sneezing, were predictors of AR in children.

Ozet Akut infantil hemorajik odem (AIHO), genellikle 2 yas alti cocuklarda gorulen kutanoz lokositoklastik vaskulitin selim seyirli bir formudur. Etiyolojisi bilinmemekle birlikte genellikle enfeksiyon, ilac tedavisi ya da asilamayi takiben gelisir. Baslangici genellikle gurultulu olup ozellikle ekstremite, yuz ve kulaklarda petesi, ekimoz ve annuler ya da hedef tarzindaki purpurik lezyonlar seklinde gorulur. Burada asiya bagli gelistigini dusundugumuz bir AIHO olgusu sunulmaktadir. (J Pediatr Inf 2013; 7: 000-000) Anahtar kelimeler: Akut infantil hemorajik odem, lokositoklastik vaskulit, asilama Abstract Acute infantile hemorrhagic edema (AIHE) is a benign form of cutaneous leukocytoclastic vasculitis that usually occurs in children younger than 2 years of age. Although the etiology is unknown, AIHE often follows infections, drug treatment, or vaccination. The onset of AIHE is often dramatic with petechiae, ecchymoses, and annular, nummular or targetoid purpuric lesions usually appearing on the extremities, face, or ears. In this report we aimed to present a case with AIHE in whomvaccination was considered the etiologic cause. (J Pediatr Inf 2013; 7: 000-000)

Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) is a genetically heterogeneous primary immunodeficiency that is characterized by recurrent and life-threatening infections resulting from defects in phagocyte nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase system and granuloma formation due to increased inflammatory response. The most commonly involved organs are the lungs, skin, lymph nodes, and liver due to infection. It may present with recurrent pneumonia, hilar lymphadenopathy, empyema, abscess, reticulonodular patterns, and granulomas due to lung involvement. In recent years, mycobacterial disease susceptibility has been reported in CGD cases. This article presents two male cases, one of whom is aged 18 months and the other is aged 5 years, who were diagnosed with CGD and tuberculosis during examination due to extended pneumonia. This report is presented because CGD should be considered not only in the presence of skin abscesses and Aspergillus infections, but also in the differential diagnosis for cases with BCG-itis and/or tuberculosis. It should be kept in mind that mycobacterial infections can occur during the course of the disease.

Neutrophils are known to play a role in airway inflammation and are activated in inflammatory lung diseases such as asthma. In adult studies the neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR) was found to be a possible biomarker for both airway and systemic inflammation. However, there is a limited understanding regarding NLR in the pediatric age group. To assess NLR as a biomarker for inflammation in pediatric asthma, 54 children admitted to hospital with exacerbation of asthma between March and October 2013 were enrolled into our study. Complete blood counts were obtained during both exacerbation and an asymptomatic period covering at least 3 months after exacerbation. NLRs of the study group during both exacerbation and the asymptomatic period were compared and these two datasets were then compared with the control group. The study group comprised 27 boys (50%) and 27 girls (50%) with a mean age of 120 ± 36 months. Of the total number of patients, 3.7% had mild, 94.4% had moderate, and 1.9% had severe exacerbation of asthma. The NLRs of the study group were found to be significantly higher during exacerbation compared with both the asymptomatic period and the control group ( P = 0.017, P = 0.003). Our study suggests that NLR may be effective and usable measurable biomarker for determining inflammation in cases of pediatric asthma during acute exacerbation period. However, a broad analysis of dependent and independent variables in further prospective studies, is still required. Trial registration: Not applicable.

Eosinophilic cellulitis (Wells’ syndrome) is an uncommon condition of unknown etiology. Wells’ syndrome is usually seen in adulthood but very rare in childhood. Although pathogenesis of the disease is not very clear, it is a hypersensitivity reaction developing against a variety of exogenous and endogenous antigenic stimuli. Paraphenylenediamine is a strong allergen frequently used as a temporary henna tattoo, which makes the color darker. Here, a 9-year-old male patient with Wells’ syndrome is presented, which developed following a temporary henna tattoo and shown by the patch test sensitivity to paraphenylenediamine.

Acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis (AGEP) is a rare cutaneous rash characterized by the abrupt onset of a generalized pustular rash often accompanied by fever. There is a history of drug use in 90% of the cases. Here we have reported a 15-year-old male patient with sickle cell anemia who developed AGEP after the use of ceftriaxone. Our patient was hospitalized because of vaso-occlusive crisis and on the third day of ceftriaxone treatment, erythematous pustular lesions accompanied with fever were observed on the body and extremities. Resolution of symptoms followed discontinuation of ceftriaxone. Sensitivity to ceftriaxone was shown with a patch test. The AGEP was considered due to clinical and histopathological findings. This is the first pediatric case of AGEP due to ceftriaxone.

WOS: 000390310600023, PubMed ID: 27399025, Hydrocarbon aspiration (HA) can cause significant lung disease by inducing an inflammatory response, hemorrhagic exudative alveolitis, and loss of surfactant function. The most serious side effect of HA is aspiration pneumonia. Pneumothorax, pneumatocele, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), pulmonary abscess, bronchopleural fistula, bilateral hemorrhagic pleural effusion and pyopneumothorax were previously reported. Hereby we report a patient hospitalized due to aspiration pneumonia who developed pleurisy and pneumothorax after drinking paint thinner. It is presented as it was seldom reported in children to cause distinct pulmonary complications. Patients with complaints associated with hydrocarbon poisoning must be fully evaluated. They must not be discharged from the hospital early and must be followed for at least 48 hours even if they don't have respiratory symptoms. It should be kept in mind that severe pulmonary complications can develop in patients with chemical pneumonia.

Background: Leukotriene receptor antagonists (LTRAs) are drugs which have been widely used more than ten years. As the use of LTRAs increases, our knowledge with respect to their side effects increases as well. Objectives: The objective of our study was to evaluat the observed side effects of LTRAs used in patients with astma. Patients and Methods: 1024 patients treated only with LTRAs owing to asthma or early wheezing were included in the study for a five-year period. The observed side effects of LTRAs in these patients were retrospectively investigated. The side effects were divided into two parts as psychiatric and non-psychiatric. Results: Among the 1024 cases included in the study, 67.5% of the patients out of 41 with side effects were male, 32.5% were female and the average age was 6.5 years. The rate of patients with asthma was 63.41% and 36.58% of the patients had early wheezing. It was determined that sex, age and diagnosis (early wheezing or asthma) of the patients were ineffective in the emergence of side effects. The average period for the emergence of side effects was the first month. It was observed that hyperactivity was the most frequently observed psychiatric side effect and that abdominal pain was the non-psychiatric side effect. Conclusions: The side effects of LTRAs were common in children. Therefore, patients must be informed at the beginning of the treatment and they must be evaluated at certain intervals.

Aim: The lifestyle and environmental changes associated with industrialization and urbanization are crucial factors in determining the prevalence of allergic diseases. Material and Methods: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of asthma and other allergic disorders in an industrial town.Study Design: Prospective, Cross-sectional study. This cross-sectional population-based study was conducted in Kemalpasa, Ýzmir, Turkey, which is an industrial town. Using the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC), the questionnaire was carried out on 1511 school-children aged between 13-14 years living in the district center. Results: The ISAAC Phase One questionnaire was answered by 1373 (90.87%) students. Six hundred ninety two (50.5%) of the children were girls and 681 (49.5%) were boys. The frequency of ever wheezing was 34%,that of current wheezing was 31.1% and that of physician-diagnosed asthma was 4.1%. The frequency of ever rhinitis was 36.6%, current rhinitis was 31.3%, current allergic rhino-conjunctivitis was 22.1% and physician-diagnosed allergic rhinitis was 11.1%. The frequency of ever eczema was 11.3% and that of physician-diagnosed eczema was 3.6%. Conclusion: The prevalence of asthma was found to be significantly higher, although there was no significant difference in allergic rhinitis and eczema compared with non-industrial neighboring states. The incidence of asthma was higher than other provinces which may be explained by the risk factors associated with this industrialized area. The fact that only children of the same age group and residence were evaluated contributed to the epidemiological value of our study.

WOS: 000370844800008, PubMed ID: 29404084, Chilaiditi syndrome is a rare syndrome known hepatodiaphramatic interposition of as colon or small intestine. As this pathology is usually asymptomatic, it is incidentally identified in adults and rarely reported in children. Herein, two children cases are presented with respiratory distress, who were diagnosed as Chilaiditi syndrome by chest radiography.

Objectives: The objective of our study was to evaluat the observed side effects of LTRAs used in patients with astma. Patients and Methods: 1024 patients treated only with LTRAs owing to asthma or early wheezing were included in the study for a five-year period. The observed side effects of LTRAs in these patients were retrospectively investigated. The side effects were divided into two parts as psychiatric and non-psychiatric. Results: Among the 1024 cases included in the study, 67.5% of the patients out of 41 with side effects were male, 32.5% were female and the average age was 6.5 years. The rate of patients with asthma was 63.41% and 36.58% of the patients had early wheezing. It was determined that sex, age and diagnosis (early wheezing or asthma) of the patients were ineffective in the emergence of side effects. The average period for the emergence of side effects was the first month. It was observed that hyperactivity was the most frequently observed psychiatric side effect and that abdominal pain was the non-psychiatric side effect. Conclusions: The side effects of LTRAs were common in children. Therefore, patients must be informed at the beginning of the treatment and they must be evaluated at certain intervals.