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To evaluate the clinical performance of a 1-step self-etch dentin adhesive that was applied according to the manufacturers' recommendations, doubling the adhesive application time and layer in Class I cavities with a composite resin.A total of 39 patients aged between 14 and 43 (mean age: 19.1) years were enrolled in the study. Each patient received three restorations. In these three restorations, a 1-step self-etch adhesive was applied according to the manufacturer's recommendations (control group), by doubling the adhesive application time, and with double layers. The restorations were evaluated according to modified USPHS criteria at baseline, and 1, 2, 3, and 4-year recalls.After 4 years, the success rate was 100% for restorations with the adhesive applied according to the manufacturers' recommendations, 96.9% for restorations applied by doubling the adhesive application time, and 93.8% for restorations applied with double adhesive layers. There was no significant difference between the three application methods among all the evaluation periods regarding the evaluation criteria.The 4-year success rates of a 1-step self-etch dentin adhesive that was applied according to the manufacturers' recommendation, by doubling the adhesive application time, and with double layers were excellent.It is not recommended to double the adhesive application time nor apply a double layer of a 1-step self-etch adhesive because it does not improve the clinical performance of Class I composite restorations.

Objective: In our study, we aimed to examine the proportion of comorbidities in survivors and non-survivors and investigate the association between the comorbidities and COVID-19 related mortality.Methods: We searched Scopus, PubMed and Web of Science for articles up to January, 2021. Patients’ outcomes were selected as survived and non-survived. Comorbidities were selected as kidney disease, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, liver disease, autoimmune disease and malignancy. Odds ratios (ORs) were reported using fixed-effect and random-effect meta-analysis. The heterogeneity was assessed by the Chi-square test and Higgins' I2 test. The publication bias was examined via funnel plot and Hegger’s test.Results Our meta-analysis was conducted based on 11467 COVID-19 cases from 16 studies. Compared to the survivors, the odds of kidney disease (OR=2.30; 95% CI: 1.96-2.70; p0.05).Conclusion: Our meta-analysis suggests that the major comorbidities such kidney disease, hypertension, diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease increase the risk of death from COVID-19 disease. Our study also highlights the importance of appropriate treatment for the patients with these specific comorbidities to meet their need., Amaç: Bu çalışmada, hayatta kalan ve ölen hastalardaki ek hastalık oranları incelenerek ek hastalık varlığı ile COVID-19 kaynaklı mortalite arasındaki ilişkinin ortaya konması amaçlandı.Yöntem: Bu meta-analiz çalışması için Scopus, PubMed ve Web of Science veri tabanları üzerinde, Ocak 2021'e kadar makale taraması yapıldı. Hastalara ilişkin sonuç değişkeni olarak ölüm seçildi. Ek hastalıklar; böbrek hastalığı, hipertansiyon, diyabet, kardiyovasküler hastalık, karaciğer hastalığı, otoimmün hastalık ve malignite olarak seçildi. Odds oranlarını (OR) belirlemek için sabit etkili ve rastgele etkili meta-analiz kullanıldı. Heterojenlik varlığı Ki-kare ve Higgins I2 testleri ile değerlendirildi. Yayın yanlılığı ise huni grafiği ve Hegger testi ile incelendi.Bulgular: Bu meta-analizde 16 çalışmadan elde edilen 11467 COVID-19 hastasına ilişkin sonuçlar kullanıldı. Böbrek hastalığı varlığı (OR=2,30; %95 GA: 1,96-2,70; p0,05).Sonuç: Bu meta-analiz çalışması; böbrek hastalığı, hipertansiyon, diyabet ve kardiyovasküler hastalık gibi majör ek hastalıkların COVID-19 kaynaklı ölüm riskini artırdığını göstermektedir. Bu nedenle çalışmamızda, spesifik ek hastalığı olan hastaların ihtiyaçlarını karşılamak için uygun tedavi seçiminin ne kadar önemli olduğu vurgulanmaktadır.

Objective: Women are more vulnerable to violence during pregnancy and the postnatal period and they are more often subject to violence during these periods. The purpose of this study was to adapt the Abuse Assessment Screen (AAS) and the Tool for Intimate Partner Violence Screening (HITS), which are most frequently used in screening for violence in pregnancy, into Turkish and to examine the factor structure.Methods: This methodological and descriptive study included 259 pregnant women in a public hospital in Turkey. Data were collected using a descriptive information form, and Turkish language versions of the AAS and HITS tools. These translations were performed with usual rigor. Data were evaluated using Kendall’s W analysis, Cronbach’s alpha value coefficient and Pearson’s correlation analysis.Results: The reliability coefficient of the AAS scale was KR20=0.801 and the Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of the HITS scale was 0.86, an indication of high reliability. According to the results of the exploratory factor analysis performed to test the validity of the scales, the factor load for the AAS (77.36%) and HITS (75.12%) scales was found to be appropriate. There were found that one factor was sufficient for explaining the case according to criterion.Conclusion: AAS and HITS scales can be used as a safe tool with validity and reliability studies in different cultures to quickly, easily and effectively identify domestic violence events during pregnancy. The Turkish adaptations of the AAS and HITS scales were determined to have a high degree of validity and reliability., Amaç: Kadınlar gebelik ve doğum sonrası dönemde şiddete daha açık ve bu dönemlerde şiddete daha sık maruz kalmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, gebelikte şiddet taramasında en sık kullanılan İstismar Değerlendirme Ölçeği (İDÖ/AAS) ve Aile İçi Şiddeti Tarama Ölçeği (AİŞTÖ/ HITS) ölçeklerini Türkçe’ ye uyarlamak ve faktör yapısını incelemektir.Yöntem: Bu metodolojik ve tanımlayıcı çalışmaya Türkiye'de bir kamu hastanesinde yatan 259 gebe dâhil edildi. Veriler, iki yazar tarafından tanımlayıcı bir bilgi formu, AAS ve HITS ölçekleri kullanılarak toplandı. Veriler, içerik geçerliği için sırasıyla Kendall's W analizi, Cronbach’salpha değeri katsayısı ve Pearsonkorelasyon analizi, kullanılarak değerlendirildi.Bulgular: AAS ölçeğinin güvenirlik katsayısı KR20=0,801 ve HITS ölçeğinin Cronbach’salpha katsayısı 0,86 olup, yüksek güvenilirliğin bir göstergesidir. Ölçeklerin geçerliliğini test etmek için yapılan açıklayıcı faktör analizi sonucuna göre AAS (%77,36) ve HITS (%75,12) ölçekleri için faktör yükü uygun değerde bulundu. Olguyu ölçütlere göre açıklamak için her iki ölçekte de bir faktörün yeterli olduğu belirlendi.Sonuç: AAS ve HITS ölçeklerinin Türkçe uyarlamalarının yüksek düzeyde geçerlik ve güvenirliğe sahip olduğu belirlendi. AAS ve HITS ölçekleri, farklı kültürlerde geçerlilik ve güvenilirlik çalışmaları ile gebelikte aile içi şiddet olaylarının hızlı, kolay ve etkin bir şekilde belirlenmesinde güvenli bir araç olarak kullanılabilir.

Objective:The objective of this study is to examine the perceived sources and levels of stress reported by three different dental faculty students from Turkey. This study also aims to compare stress sources among these students with respect to the role of faculties, specific curricula and institutional differences.Methods:In total, 1,294 students participated in a survey in 2015. This survey used Modified Dental Environmental Stress questionnaire comprising 47 items that were grouped into 6 categories: academic performance; preclinical and clinical training; patient treatment; faculty administration and education staff; personal life issues; and professional identity after graduation. Responses were recorded on a four-point rating scale ranging from not stressful (1 point) to very stressful (4 points).Results:The response rate of the study was 63.3% (1,294/2,045). The “concern about failing the course or year due to the inability to finish clinical schoolwork” (clinical score) was found as the highest stress item (mean score =3.57). More than one-third of questionnaire items showed the presence of moderate-to-severe stress with mean scores between 3.57 and 3.06. The preclinical and clinical training category showed the highest mean stress score (3.09) than other categories. In most of the stress items and six stress categories, females showed significantly more stress than males. A significant difference was found among at least two or more faculties for each stress category.Conclusion:The modification of curricula, establishment of student counselling, assignment of student advisors and studentoriented programmes may be considered as stress reduction methods. However, further studies are warranted to examine the success of these methods.

Background: In the midst of the Covid-19 pandemic, healthcare workers increasingly encounter serious ethical issues that negatively affect their professionalism. Purpose: The study aims to examine the ethical sensitivity levels of physicians and nurses working in surgical units during the Covid-19 pandemic and the associating factors. Method: The sample of this cross-sectional online questionnaire–based study consists of 161 healthcare workers working at the surgical units in Turkish hospitals. The data were collected using the “Nurse Descriptive Information Form” developed by the researchers and the “Ethical Sensitivity Questionnaire.” Ethical considerations: Approval was granted by the ethics committee. Verbal and written consent was received from the healthcare workers. Results: Ethical sensitivity in the dimension of conflict was found to be higher in healthcare workers who had ethical issues during the Covid-19 pandemic, who were married, who were nurses, who worked more than 45 h, and who had a work experience of 7–10 years (p < 0.05). Healthcare workers with a family member diagnosed with Covid-19 had high ethical sensitivity in the dimension of conflict (p = 0.008), while those who reported being fully competent and ready (p = 0.038) about Covid-19 were found to have low ethical sensitivity. Besides, those who experienced inadequate supplies (p = 0.045), long working hours (p = 0.038), and problems in asepsis–sterilization (p = 0.046) during the Covid-19 pandemic were found to have low sensitivity in the holistic approach dimension. Conclusion: The study revealed that ethical issues during the Covid-19 pandemic, sociodemographic characteristics, knowledge-skills about Covid-19, and the problems encountered in the work environment during the pandemic affect the ethical sensitivity of healthcare workers in the dimensions of conflict and holistic approach. Therefore, it is recommended that governments and all healthcare workers, and stakeholders in the health system in our country and other countries take action to promote ethical sensitivity in response to the rapidly increasing epidemic by considering the factors that adversely affect ethical sensitivity.

The relationship between growth hormone (GH)/insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and glucocorticoids (GC) was examined in various studies. Long-term GC treatment was shown to decrease GH concentration and, interestingly, to increase IGF-1 concentration. We performed a retrospective study in order to examine how preoperative IGF-1 concentrations vary within the reference range and if tertiles of age- and sex-adjusted normal IGF-1 are predictive for early postoperative remission in the patients with Cushing's Disease (CD).Patients diagnosed with CD were retrospectively evaluated. After the exclusion of 67 patients, a final cohort of 250 CD patients were included. Age- and sex-adjusted normal IGF-1 levels were divided into tertiles (T1, T2 and T3). Early postoperative remission was defined as a nadir morning cortisol concentration measured within the first 3 consecutive days following surgery of less than 5 µg/dL (138 nmol/L).Early postoperative remission rate was the lowest in T1 and highest in T3; 49.1% (n = 28) versus 77.3% (n = 75),As the first study evaluating the correlation between early postoperative remission rate in patients with CD and the tertiles of normal age- and sex-adjusted IGF-1 levels, we have shown that higher IGF-1 levels could predict better outcome in CD.

Timely diagnosis and treatment of congenital pneumonia are crucial. A new hematologic parameter, immature platelet fraction, has been used to gather clinical information on the prognosis of thrombocytopenia, as well as to measure inflammatory activity in adult patients. This study aimed to compare immature platelet fraction and sepsis biomarkers in late-preterm infants diagnosed as having congenital pneumonia and to evaluate its predictive value for congenital pneumonia.Late-preterms were categorized based on infectious vs. non-infectious etiology of respiratory distress. Two sets of blood samples for markers were taken at 12-24 (sample-1) and 48-72 hours (sample-2) after birth. Immature platelet fraction was measured using a Sysmex XN-3000 analyzer.From a total of 30 non-thrombocytopenic late-preterms, 16 were included in the congenital pneumonia group and 14 comprised the transient tachypnea group. The groups were comparable in terms of gestational age, birth weight, and cesarean section rate. The proportion of prolonged membrane rupture was significantly higher in the congenital pneumonia group. Values of immature platelet fraction-1, immature platelet fraction-2, and procalcitonin-2 were significantly higher in the congenital pneumonia group than in the transient tachypnea group. No significant differences were found between the groups in other biomarkers. It was determined that an immature platelet fraction-1 cut-off value of 2.9% could predict congenital pneumonia with a sensitivity of 65%, a specificity of 71.4%, a positive predictive value of 70.5%, and negative predictive value of 63.7% (area under the curve=0.724; p=0.028).Immature platelet fraction may have an early predictive role in the diagnosis of congenital pneumonia.Konjenital pnömoninin zamanında tanı ve tedavisi önemlidir. Yeni bir hematolojik parametre olan olgunlaşmamış trombosit fraksiyonu, yetişkin hastalarda trombositopeninin seyri hakkında klinik bilgi edinmek yanında inflamatuar aktiviteyi ölçmek için de kullanılmıştır. Bu çalışmada, konjenital pnömoni tanılı geç preterm bebeklerde olgunlaşmamış trombosit fraksiyonunun bilinen sepsis biyobelirteçleri ile karşılaştırılması ve konjenital pnömoni için belirleyici değerinin araştırması amaçlanmıştır.Çalışmaya alınan geç preterm bebekler, enfeksiyöz ve enfeksiyöz olmayan solunum sıkıntısına göre kategorize edildi. Doğumdan sonraki 12–24. (örnek-1) ve 48–72. saatlerde (örnek-2) olgunlaşmamış trombosit fraksiyonu ve biyobelirteçler için kan örnekleri alındı. Olgunlaşmamış trombosit fraksiyonu, Sysmex XN-3000 ile ölçüldü. Karşılaştırma için tam kan parametreleri, C-reaktif protein ve prokalsitonin gibi sepsis biyobelirteçleri kullanıldı.Çalışmaya konjenital pnömoni grubundan 16, geçici takipne grubundan 14 olmak üzere toplamda 30 tane trombositopenik olmayan geç preterm bebek alındı. Gruplar arasında gebelik haftası, doğum ağırlığı ve sezaryen oranları açısından fark yoktu. Konjenital pnömoni grubunda uzamış membran rüptürü oranı anlamlı olarak yüksekti. Geçici takipne grubuna göre konjenital pnömoni grubunda olgunlaşmamış trombosit fraksiyonu-1, olgunlaşmamış trombosit fraksiyonu-2 ve prokalsitonin-2 değerleri anlamlı olarak daha yüksekti. Diğer biyobelirteçlerde gruplar arasında anlamlı fark bulunmadı. Olgunlaşmamış trombosit fraksiyonu-1’in %2,9 kesme değerinde %65 duyarlılık, %71,4 özgüllük, %70,5 pozitif tahmini değer ve %63,7 negatif tahmini değer ile konjenital pnömoniyi öngörebildiği belirlendi (eğrinin altındaki alan, 0,724; p=0,028).Sonuçlarımız olgunlaşmamış trombosit fraksiyonunun konjenital pnömoni tanısında erken belirleyici role sahip olabileceğini ortaya koymaktadır.

Background: The evaluation of the quality of nursing care by patients and nurses is important for improving care. Purpose: The aim was to determine patients' and nurses' perceptions of the quality of nursing care in surgical clinics and influencing factors. Methods: The sample of this cross-sectional, descriptive, and comparative study consisted of 503 surgical patients and 308 surgical nurses. The data were collected between February 2018 and June 2019. Results: Characteristics of patients such as age, gender, complications, and nursing care scores, and the characteristics of the nurses such as being satisfied with the current clinic, their work experience in the clinic, and the number of daily surgical interventions affected the perceptions of care quality. Conclusions: The study revealed that the patients' perceptions of the quality of care were lower than those of nurses, and some factors belonging to the patients and nurses negatively influenced the quality of care. Kocaeli University Scientific Research Projects Coordination UnitKocaeli University [2018/044] This work was supported by Kocaeli University Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit (Project Number: 2018/044).

Little is known about mucocutaneous involvement in critically ill patients with the multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C). The aim of our study was to describe the localisation and variety of rash and to investigate whether presenting with rash at admission alters the clinical course of MIS-C.This prospective, observational cohort study was conducted amongst children under 18 years of age who were admitted to our paediatric intensive care unit (PICU) between May 2020 and May 2021 with a possible diagnosis of MIS-C.A total of 33 children with MIS-C, 21 boys (64%), with a median age of 9.4 years (3.4-11.5) were enrolled. Twenty-four children presented with mucocutaneous symptoms (72%). Age, male gender, PICU length of stay, presenting symptoms, inotrope requirement, the existence of myocarditis or respiratory failure were higher but not significantly different in patients with rash compared to those without rash (P 0.05). The median duration of symptoms before admission and presence of cervical lymphadenopathy were significantly higher in patients than those without rash (P 0.05). Children with a rash had a significantly higher neutrophil count, CRP, procalcitonin, troponin levels and lower lymphocyte counts and albumin levels than those without rash (P 0.05). Twelve children with rash (50%) had symmetrical intertriginous distribution. Two children had erythematous lesions on the areola and the surroundings. In conclusion, intertriginous involvement, periareolar erythema and other mucocutaneous manifestations might be the first alarming symptoms of moderate to severe MIS-C. Therefore, close monitoring with a multidisciplinary approach should be considered for these patients to assess potential disease progression.

Amaç: İnmeyi takiben gelişen paralizi, kas tonus değişiklikleri, motor kontrol ve denge kayıpları fiziksel kısıtlılığın başlıca nedenleridir. Üst ekstremitenin fonksiyonel olarak kullanılamamasıyla birlikte, yürüme fonksiyonları da etkilenebilir. İnmeli hastalarda üst ekstremitenin fonksiyonel kısıtlılığı yürümeyi olumsuz etkileyen faktörlerden birisi olarak görülmektedir. Randomize kontrollü bu çalışmada, inmeli hastaların omuz ve skapula çevresi kaslarına Kinesio Tex® bandın fasilitasyon tekniği ile uygulamasının üst ekstremite fonksiyonları ve yürüme üzerine olan etkilerinin araştırılması amaçlanmıştır.Yöntem: İnmeli 36 hasta (23 çalışma, 13 kontrol) çalışmaya dahil edildi. Hastaların üst ekstremite fonksiyonları Jebsen-Taylor El Fonksiyon Testi (JTEFT) ve Kutu ve Blok Testi (KBT) kullanılarak ölçüldü. VICON bilgisayarlı yürüme analizi sistemi yürüme fonksiyonları değerlendirilmesinde kullanıldı. Değerlendirmeden sonra, çalışma grubundaki hastaların trapez kası alt ve orta kısımlarına, serratus anterior kasına, deltoid kası ön ve arka kısımlarına kinezyolojik bantlama (Kinesio Tex® tape) uygulandı. Bu uygulamadan 1 gün sonra hastaların ikinci değerlendirmeleri yapıldı.Bulgular: Tedavi öncesinde gruplar arasında demografik ve klinik parametrelerde istatistiksel olarak anlamlı fark saptanmadı (p>0,05). Bantlama sonrasında JTEFT ve KBT değerlendirmelerinde çalışma grubu lehine istatistiksel olarak anlamlı farklılık tespit edildi (tüm parametreler için p

Aim: Measurement of blood bilirubin levels is a crucial analysis because of the toxic effects of bilirubin on brain tissue, particularly in preterm neonates. The aim of this study was to investigate the consistency of the total bilirubin values obtained by the blood gas analyzer and the autoanalyzer. Material and Methods: In this study, we used total bilirubin data of 407 pediatric patients from Kocaeli University Medical Faculty Education and Research Hospital Central Laboratory System. Total bilirubin data, provided that it was measured simultaneously, was obtained from ABL 735 blood gas analyzer and Roche Cobas C8000 chemistry analyzer. Pediatric patients (neonates, infant and children under 17 years old) were selected retrospectively by year between 2015-2017. Results: Under a cut-off value (14.6 mg/dL) ABL 735 blood gas analyzer and Roche COBAS C8000 chemistry analyzer had strong correlation (r = 0.939) for total bilirubin measurements. It was found that 2-15 days old neonates give more scattered total bilirubin data by Bland Altman analysis in two measurements. Statistical analysis performed to compare whole total bilirubin data identity between two measurements: correlation coefficient was found r = 0.949 a statistically significant positive correlation (p < 0.001). Conclusion: According to our analysis which was supported by previous studies in the literature, we can say that the compatibility between the blood gas analyzer (multi-wave-length spectrophotometric technique) and the chemistry analyzer becomes weaker when the total bilirubin levels exceed 14.6 mg/dL.

The purpose of this study was to identify the prevalence and predisposing and etiologic factors of dentin hypersensitivity (DH), as well as the demographic characteristics of patients.The 1210 patients were examined. The research was based on a two-step investigation: questionnaire and clinical examination. DH was evaluated by the response of the patient to tactile and air-blast stimuli. Loss of attachment and gingival recession of sensitive teeth was measured on the buccal and lingual surfaces. Also, the tooth wear of sensitive teeth was graded on the buccal and lingual surfaces. Comparisons of nonnormally distributed continuous variables were performed using the Mann-Whitney U test and Kruskal-Wallis one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Dunn's post hoc test. Comparisons of categorical variables were performed using Pearson's chi-square, Fisher's exact chi-square, Yates's chi-square, and the Monte Carlo chi-square test.One hundred twenty-four patients reported DH, showing a prevalence for self-reported DH of 10.2%. Eight hundred forty teeth were diagnosed as having DH, giving a clinical diagnosis rate of DH of 29.4%. Females (76.8%), the 31-40 years age group (26%), housewives (36.8%), and high school education level (38%) had the highest prevalence of DH as demographic properties. A cold stimulus was the most common stimuli trigger for hypersensitivity (97.1%). Occasional pain (55.5%) showed the highest prevalence in terms of frequency of DH. A higher rate of DH was found with the use of medium brushes (47.4%) and brushing twice per day (59.4%) for 1-2 min (56.2%) with the circular method (33.8%) as oral hygiene habits. The buccal surface of the lower right central incisors (5.7%) had the highest prevalence. The most affected teeth by DH were incisors (38.4%). The buccal surfaces (86.3%) of teeth showed a higher high prevalence of DH compared with the lingual surface (52.7%), similar to gingival recession (40.9% vs. 15.7%) and loss of attachment (68.3% vs. 42.6%).Clinically diagnosed DH was more common than self-reported DH. Some factors related to patients such as sex (female), the 31-40 years age group, housewives, high school students, using medium brushes, brushing twice per day, and the circular brushing method were more likely to have a risk for DH. Also, buccal surfaces of teeth, gingival recession, and loss of attachment on the buccal surface of teeth should be considered as predisposing factors for DH.To control and prevent DH, clinicians should consider patients' demographics, predisposing factors, and etiologic factors.

Object: To investigate the effect of anxiety and hopelessness on the quality of life of healthcare workers.Methods: This cross-sectional, online questionnaire-based study was conducted between August 31 - September 30, 2020, with 729 healthcare workers in Turkey. The Sociodemographic Information Form, the Turkish version of the Shorter Version of the World Health Organization Quality of Life Instrument (WHOQOL-BREF-TR), the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-I) and the Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS) were used for data collection.Results: The study showed that hopelessness, the weekly working time, fatigue, and the workload experienced by healthcare workers negatively affected their quality of life, and those who needed knowledge on various issues to improve their skills had lower quality of life and higher anxiety and hopelessness levels. Conclusion: Protective measures should be taken for the health of healthcare workers against the adverse effects of the intense anxiety, hopelessness, and workload during the pandemic period. To achieve sustainable success in the provision of health services, healthcare workers must be psychologically healthy. Therefore, taking protective measures to improve the resilience of healthcare workers in all health-related areas should be a priority.

Introduction: The most critical intervention to control SARS-CoV-2 infection requires appropriate knowledge and attitude towards the virus. Objective: To determine the level of knowledge, attitudes and practices of students of a health services’ vocational school with regard to COVID-19. Methods: Cross-sectional study carried out between May and June 2020 in a university of the Turkish region. Data were collected through an online survey portal. Results: Four hundred and fifty-four questionnaires were completed and returned. Students of medical laboratory techniques and first aid and emergency medicine had significantly higher knowledge scores (p < 0.001). More than 43 % of the students (n = 201) used the TV as their main source of information on COVID-19. There was a positive attitude towards preventive measures such as avoiding crowded places and maintaining hand hygiene and social distance. Conclusions: Health services vocational school students have good knowledge and positive attitude towards COVID-19. The main sources of information were the TV and social media. For this reason, more attention should be given to these issues in the curriculum in order for science-based information sources to be used.

The most critical intervention to control SARS-CoV-2 infection requires appropriate knowledge and attitude towards the virus.To determine the level of knowledge, attitudes and practices of students of a health services' vocational school with regard to COVID-19.Cross-sectional study carried out between May and June 2020 in a university of the Turkish region. Data were collected through an online survey portal.Four hundred and fifty-four questionnaires were completed and returned. Students of medical laboratory techniques and first aid and emergency medicine had significantly higher knowledge scores (p0.001). More than 43 % of the students (n = 201) used the TV as their main source of information on COVID-19. There was a positive attitude towards preventive measures such as avoiding crowded places and maintaining hand hygiene and social distance.Health services vocational school students have good knowledge and positive attitude towards COVID-19. The main sources of information were the TV and social media. For this reason, more attention should be given to these issues in the curriculum in order for science-based information sources to be used.La intervención más crítica para controlar la infección por SARS-CoV-2 requiere el conocimiento y la actitud correctos hacia el virus.Determinar el conocimiento, las actitudes y las prácticas de los estudiantes de una escuela vocacional de servicios de salud respecto a COVID-19.Estudio transversal realizado entre mayo y junio de 2020 en una universidad de la región de Turquía. Los datos se recopilaron mediante un portal de encuestas en línea.Se completaron y devolvieron 454 cuestionarios. Los estudiantes de técnicas de laboratorio médico y primeros auxilios y emergencias tuvieron puntuaciones de conocimiento significativamente más altas (p0.001). Más de 43 % de los estudiantes (n = 201) usaron televisores como su principal fuente de información sobre COVID-19. Se manifestó una actitud positiva hacia las aplicaciones, así como evitar lugares concurridos y mantener la higiene de las manos y la distancia social.Los estudiantes de la escuela vocacional de servicios de salud tienen buen conocimiento y actitud positiva hacia COVID-19. Las principales fuentes de información fueron la televisión y las redes sociales, por lo que se debe prestar más atención a estos temas en el plan de estudios para utilizar fuentes de información basadas en la ciencia.

Purpose: This study aims to conduct the reliability and validity study of the Turkish version of the Nurse Stress Scale (NSS), which determines the job stress of nurses. Design and Methods: The sample of the methodological study consisted of 349 nurses. Results: The factor load of the scale was in the appropriate range (0.32-0.79), Cronbach's ? was determined as.928, and the item total score correlations ranged between 0.418 and 0.662. The test-retest reliability coefficient was determined to be r =.859. Practice Implications: The Turkish version of the NSS was evaluated and it was found that it could be used as a valid and reliable measurement tool in Turkish nurses. Health care service providers can use NSS to determine the work stress of nurses. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC

This study aims to analyze and assess the effects of three particular dentin pretreatment solutions on the bond durability of a two-step self-etch adhesive (Optibond XTR) applied to dentin after ageing for 2 years. Thirty-five third molars which were extracted (n = 5 for μTBS, n = 2 for nanoleakage) were divided into five groups: Group 1:Control (no pretreatment), Group 2:17% EDTA, Group 3:2% CHX, Group 4:17% EDTA plus 2% CHX, Group 5: Q-Mix. After the pretreatments of dentin, the dentin adhesive was applied as per the guidelines provided by the manufacturer. Half of the specimens were subjected to μTBS tests for 24 hr, while the remaining half were subjected to the tests after being kept for 2 years in water storage. Also, nanoleakage was evaluated with FE-SEM by examining silver nitrate deposits. The data obtained were evaluated using a two-way analysis of variance and Tukey Post Hoc test. The dentin pretreatments did not affect the 24 hr and 2 years μTBS values for OptiBond XTR. At 24 hr, the EDTA + CHX group (50.3 ± 4.9) showed that the highest μTBS value was obtained. Water ageing significantly reduced the μTBS results and after 2 years the highest μTBS value was obtained from the Q-Mix group (37.7 ± 5.2). Different dentin pretreatments do not alter the 24-hr μTBS and were not able to preserve the bond strength after 2 years of ageing. Q-Mix was able to slow down the regression in the strength of the dentin bond as well as nanoleakage over time.

To evaluate the clinical performance of direct posterior composite restorations with and without short glass-fiber (SGF) reinforced composite in endodontically treated teeth.Twenty-four patients (mean age 32.5 years) were included in the study and two molars of each patient received endodontic treatment. After endodontic treatment, one tooth was restored with G-aenial Bond/fiber-reinforced composite (everX Posterior GC) using a microhybrid composite (G-aenial Posterior), and the other tooth was restored with G-aenial Bond/microhybrid composite (G-aenial Posterior). The modified USPHS criteria were used to evaluate the restorations at baseline, 1-, 2-, and 3-year follow-ups.The success rate of the everX Posterior and G-aenial Posterior restorations after 3 years was 78.3% and 91.3%, respectively. Five everX Posterior restorations and two G-aenial Posterior restorations failed. Based on the criteria used in this study, no significant differences between the two restorations were found at any evaluation time.All restorations showed acceptable clinical performance regarding all evaluation criteria, apart from the failed restorations. The main cause of restoration failure was restoration fracture. The failure rate of everX Posterior restorations was higher than G-aenial Posterior restorations.

Objective: This study aims to assess the efficacy of first aid training provided to academic and administrative staff working at a state university. Materials and methods: The study sample included 318 academic and administrative staff members from a state university. Between the dates of December 15, 2017 to December 22, 2017, the study participants attended basic first aid training, the sessions of which lasted for 2 hours. Before and after the training, participants answered a 20-question survey questionnaire. Frequency, mean, Mann-Whitney U Test, Kruskal Wallis Variance Analysis, Wilcoxon T-test, McNemar chi-square analysis, and Spearman correlation for the analysis between variances, were used for the statistical assessment of data. Results: The mean age of the participants was 35.96 ± 8.96, 68.6% were female, 54.7% held a bachelor’s degree. The mean posttest score of the participants was found to be 75.0 ± 15.6, which was significantly higher than their mean pretest score of 60.0 ± 14.5 (p

SUMMARY The purpose of this study was to evaluate a nanofilled and a nanohybrid composite, in combination with manufacturer-recommended etch-and-rinse adhesives, in class IV cavities. Thirty-four patients aged 14-46 years (mean age, 27.1 years) comprised the study group. Twenty-six patients received two class IV restorations and eight patients received four class IV restorations. For each patient, half the number of restorations were performed using a nanohybrid composite (Ceram X duo) and the remaining half used a nanofilled resin composite (Filtek Supreme XT), with two- (XP Bond) and three-step (Scotchbond Multipurpose) etch-and-rinse adhesives, respectively. Two experienced examiners evaluated the restorations for retention, color match, marginal discoloration, wear/loss of anatomic form, caries formation, marginal adaptation, and surface texture to compare the baseline (after placement) and annual recalls over 5 years. The cumulative success rates for the Filtek Supreme XT and Ceram X duo restorations after five years were 86.2% and 89.7%, respectively. Four Filtek Supreme XT and three Ceram X duo restorations failed. There was no statistically significant difference between the nanofilled and nanohybrid composites at any of the evaluation periods for any of the parameters evaluated. Despite the limited number of restorations, all restorations were clinically acceptable regarding retention, color match, marginal discoloration, wear or loss of anatomic form, the formation of caries, marginal adaptation, and surface texture, except the failed restorations. Fracture was the main cause of restoration failure.

Purpose To investigate the effect of sandblasting powder particles on microtensile bond strength (μTBS) of dual-cure adhesive cement to CAD/CAM blocks. Materials and methods CAD/CAM blocks (Cerasmart, VITA, and LAVA) were cut in slabs and divided into groups: group 1, no sandblasting; group 2, sandblasted with 27-μm Al2 O3 ; group 3, sandblasted with 30-μm CoJet; group 4, sandblasted with 50-μm Al2 O3 . After sandblasting, all specimens were silanized and luted using dual-cure adhesive cement (G-CEM LinkForce). After 24 hours, bonded specimens were cut into 1 ± 0.2 mm2 sticks, and μTBS values were obtained (N = 30). Additionally, 132 CAD/CAM block sections were prepared for surface roughness testing and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) evaluations. Results were analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis One-way ANOVA and Dunn's Post Hoc Test (p Results Group 1 exhibited significantly lower μTBS than the other groups (p 0.05). For LAVA, μTBS values of specimens that were sandblasted with 50-μm Al2 O3 powder were significantly higher than 30-μm-SiO2 and 27-μm Al2 O3 (p Conclusions The sand particles investigated (27-μm Al2 O3 , 30-μm SiO2 , or 50-μm Al2 O3 ) did not significantly affect μTBS results of CAD/CAM blocks for Cerasmart and VITA, although the results changed significantly for LAVA. The ideal bond protocol for CAD/CAM blocks is specific to the material used.

Late-preterm delivery is known to be associated with potential adverse effects on lung development. Passive smoking may result in alterations of pulmonary function in infants born late-preterm. Impulse oscillometry (IOS) is a noninvasive, rapid, and practicable technique that can assess lung function. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of passive smoking on lung function tests in preschool children born late-preterm using IOS.The study population consisted of a total of 139 children between 3 and 7 years of age born late-preterm who were being followed-up at our outpatient unit at the time of study period. Late-preterms were subcategorized according to presence or absence of exposure to passive smoking (PS). Those with and without exposure to passive smoking were referred to as PS group (56.1%, n = 78) and non-PS group (43.9%, n = 61), respectively. Resistance (R5-R20), reactance (X5-X20), and resonant frequency were measured by impulse oscillometry (IOS) at 5-20 Hz.Median R5-R20 and Z5 were significantly higher and median X10 was significantly lower in PS group compared to non-PS group (p .05).This study demonstrated that passive smoking significantly increases peripheral airway resistance and seems to adversely affect lung function in children born late-preterm.

SUMMARY Purpose: To evaluate the clinical performance of water, acetone, ethanol, and ethanol-water solvent-based dentin adhesives with nanofill or nanohybrid composites in Class III restorations. Methods and Materials: A total of 22 patients aged between 14 and 48 years (mean age: 25.2 years) participated in the study. Each patient received four Class III restorations, which were performed using water (Scotchbond Multipurpose), acetone (Prime&Bond NT), ethanol (XP Bond) and ethanol-water (Xeno V) solvent-based dentin adhesive systems with a nanofill (Filtek Supreme XT) or nanohybrid composite (CeramX Duo). Two experienced examiners evaluated the restorations with regard to retention, color match, marginal discoloration, wear/loss of anatomic form, caries formation, marginal adaptation, and surface texture at baseline and at one-, two-, three-, four-, and five-year recalls. Results: The five-year survival rates were 100% for Scotchbond Multipurpose, Prime&Bond NT, and XP Bond and 81.2% for Xeno V–bonded restorations. Only three Xeno V–bonded restorations failed. With the exception of marginal discoloration, there were no statistically significant differences among the four adhesive-bonded restorations in any of the evaluation periods in terms of the evaluation criteria. Conclusions: With the exception of marginal discoloration and marginal integrity deterioration of Xeno V–bonded restorations, all four adhesive-bonded restorations exhibited good long-term results. However, adhesion strategy (such as self-etch or etch-and-rinse) is more important than the solvent content of dentin adhesive systems in the success of Class III restorations.

Sağlık bilimlerinde yapılan çalışmalarda kategorik değişkenler sıklıkla kullanılmaktadır. Bu tip verilerin analizini içeren çalışmalarda kullanılan yöntemler bazı durumlarda yetersiz kalabilmekte ve değişkenler arasındaki ilişkileri yorumlamak zorlaşmaktadır. Bu sorunu ortadan kaldırmak için kullanılan yöntemlerden biri de çoklu uyum analizidir. Analiz, kategorik değişkenlerin yorumlanmasını kolaylaştıran, kontenjans tablolarında (çapraz tablo) satır ve sütun değişkenleri arasındaki benzerlikleri, farklılıkları, ilişkileri ve bu değişkenlerin birlikte değişimlerini daha az boyutlu bir uzayda grafiksel olarak gösteren bir yöntemdir. Bu çalışmada, Kocaeli Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi 1. ve 3. sınıfındaki öğrencilerin beslenme alışkanlıkları incelenerek, öğrencilerin beslenme alışkanlıklarını etkileyen faktörler arasındaki ilişkileri ortaya koymak amaçlanmıştır. Öğrencilere anket uygulanarak veriler elde edilmiş ve çoklu uyum analizi yönteminin sonuçları tartışılmıştır. Genel olarak öğrencilerin beslenme alışkanlıklarını etkileyen faktörlere bakıldığında, beslenme bilgi düzeylerinin ve yaşadıkları yerlerin önemli olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Kız öğrencilerin erkek öğrencilere göre ve ailelerinin yanında yaşayan öğrencilerin ise diğer öğrencilere göre daha düzenli ve sağlıklı beslendiği sonucu ortaya çıkmıştır.

Aims The prevention of acute kidney injury can be lifesaving for the intensive care unit patients. However, conventional methods are not sufficient for the prediction of the risk of future acute kidney injury. In this study, the promising biomarker, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, was compared with cystatin C as an indicator for the risk of future acute kidney injury. Methods One hundred and eighty-three adult patients without chronic kidney disease or renal replacement therapy were included in this study. The plasma and urine concentrations of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin and cystatin C were assessed on the second day after intensive care unit admission and were followed for seven days to monitor the development of acute kidney injury. Acute kidney injury diagnosis was based on the risk, injury, failure, loss, end-stage renal failure criteria. Results Thirty-four per cent of the patients had acute kidney injury; 17 patients who did not fulfil criteria at the beginning, developed acute kidney injury from days 3 to 7 after admission. The mean serum creatinine on admission did not significantly differ between this and control groups (0.72 ± 0.20 and 0.83 ± 0.21; P = 0.060); however, the serum and urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin concentrations on the second day were significantly different (median: 75.69 [54.18–91.18] and 123.68 [90.89–166.31], P = 0.001; and median: 17.60 [8.56–34.04] and 61.37 [24.59–96.63], P = 0.001). Notably, the 48-h serum cystatin C concentration did not differ. Conclusion Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin concentrations in the urine and serum on the second day of intensive care unit admission could be used to predict the development of acute kidney injury in the following three to seven days in the intensive care unit; however, the cystatin C concentration did not have predictive value.

Background Hydralazine-nitrate combination is recommended for patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF)/systolic heart failure who are symptomatic despite guideline-directed medical therapy (GDMT). Use of nitrates alone for this indication is not well-established. This study aims to evaluate the effect of oral nitrates on all-cause mortality and hospitalization in HFrEF patients using GDMT. Methods and Results Nitrate prescription at discharge and its association with all-cause mortality and heart failure hospitalization were examined in a propensity-matched analysis of 648 HFrEF patients followed for a median of 56 months. A total of 269 (42%) patients died during that period. In Cox regression analysis, nitrate usage was associated with a slightly increased mortality risk compared with not using nitrates (hazard ratio 1.29; 95% confidence interval 1.01–1.65; P = .040), which continued modestly after the propensity-matched analysis (hazard ratio 1.26; 95% confidence interval 0.95–1.68; P = .102). In both prematch and propensity-matched analyses, nitrate use was not associated with risk of rehospitalization. No significant effect was detected on subgroups stratified by coronary artery disease, age, gender, and background medical therapy. Conclusions In this study, oral nitrate use alone in addition to GDMT did not affect all-cause mortality and hospitalization risk in HFrEF patients during a long-term follow-up. There was even a modest tendency for increased risk of mortality.

Objective The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of double-application coats and times on microtensile bond strength (μTBS) and adhesive-dentin interfaces created by dentin adhesive systems after 6 months of storage in water. Materials and methods Two-hundred sixteen extracted non-carious human third molars were selected for the study. Single-Bond Universal (SU) and All-Bond Universal (AU), Adper Easy One (Eo) Self-Etch adhesive and Adper Single-Bond 2 (Sb) etch-and-rinse adhesive were applied to a flat dentin surface using three methods (1): dentin adhesives were applied as recommended by the manufacturers; (2): two consecutive coats of dentin adhesives were applied before photo-polymerization; and (3): a single coat of adhesive was applied but with twice the manufacturers recommended application time. Microtensile bond strength was determined either immediately or after 6 months of water storage. Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance and Tukey's post-hoc tests. Results At 24 h, groups 1, 2, and 3 exhibited statistically similar results for all dentin adhesive systems. For AU-Er, group 3 showed significantly higher bond strength than all group of AU-Se after 6 months. Conclusion Universal adhesives seemed more stable against water degradation than traditional two-step etch-and-rinse and all-in-one systems within the 6-month period.

Aim This study aimed: (i) to identify and compare the prevalence of temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) and oral parafunctions among children living in child-protection institutions (CLCPI) with children living with their parents (CLWP); (ii) to determine whether or not there is an association between oral parafunctions and TMDs; and (iii) to examine the possible impact of stress on TMDs. Study design The study was conducted on a total of 385 children who were divided into two groups: the CLCPI group (n = 184); and the CLWP group (control, n = 201). All children 8–18 years of age and living in protective-care facilities in Kocaeli, Turkey, were included in this study in the CLCPI group. The CLWP control group comprised children of the same age as those in the CLCPI group, but those in the CLWP group were living with their families and were randomly selected from one primary school, one elementary school and one high school in Kocaeli, Turkey. Each child in the study completed a questionnaire and underwent a clinical examination. Results The overall prevalence of TMDs and oral parafunctions were higher in the CLCPI group than in the CLWP group (P < 0.05). The vast majority of participants reported at least one parafunction (CLCPI, n = 97.3%; CLWP, n = 93%). Problems related to family or friends were higher in the CLCPI group, whereas problems related to school lessons were higher in the CLWP group (P < 0.05). In both groups, positive associations were found between signs and symptoms of TMDs, oral parafunctions and stressful life events. Conclusion The prevalence of signs and symptoms of TMDs and oral parafunctions differed significantly between CLCPI and CLWP groups, with children of the CLCPI group found to be significantly more prone to TMDs and oral parafunctions than children of the CLWP group.

Background In children younger than 2 years, studies evaluating the value of skin prick tests (SPTs) and specific immunoglobulin E (sIgE) results to predict persistence or resolution of egg allergy (EA) are limited. In addition, the value of egg yolk (EY) sIgE and fresh egg (FE) SPTs has not been well characterized. Objective To investigate the optimal decision points (ODPs) for outgrowing allergy with SPTs and sIgE tests for egg allergen preparations. Methods SPTs for FE, egg white (EW), and EY, sIgE tests for EW and EY, and oral food challenges (OFCs) were performed in children with suspected EA. Reactive patients strictly avoided all dietary egg. After 1 year, EA was reevaluated with addition OFCs, SPTs, and sIgE tests. Results A total of 81 children (median age, 7 months; age range, 2-24 months) were enrolled. Notably, 4 children with a history of anaphylaxis and 60 of 77 children with a positive challenge result underwent egg elimination. The 1-year follow-up OFC test was performed on 59 children. A total of 27 reacted to egg. No persistent patient had a follow-up SPT result for FE of 4 mm or less (positive predictive values of 100% and negative predictive value of 56% for outgrowth). The diameters of the initial SPT for FE decreased 50% or more in half of the patients who outgrew EA. The ODPs for outgrowing allergy for follow-up sIgE tests for EY and EW were 2.1 kU/L or less (positive predictive value of 86.2%) and 4.0 kU/L or less (positive predictive value of 84.6%), respectively. Conclusion A SPT diameter for FE of 4 mm or less and sIgE values of 2.1 kU/L or less for EY and 4.0 kU/L or less for EW have a good positive predictive value for outgrowth of EA in children younger than 2 years.

Background: It is stated that high ethical sensitivity positively affects the quality of nursing care. However, the relationship between nursing care quality and ethical sensitivity has not been clearly demonstrated in researches. Aim: This study was carried out to determine the relationship between surgical nurses’ care behaviors and their ethical sensitivity. Method: The sample of this cross-sectional, descriptive-correlational study consists of 308 nurses who worked at the surgical departments in four Turkish hospitals. The data were collected using the “Nurse Description Form” developed by the researcher, “Caring Behaviours Inventory-24” and “Ethical Sensitivity Questionnaire.” Data were evaluated by the Mann Whitney U test, Kruskal Wallis one-way analysis of variance and Spearman correlation analysis. Ethical considerations: The study was approved by the ethics committee. Verbal and written consent was received from the nurses. Results: It was found in the study that nurses’ Caring Behaviours Inventory-24 total score median was 5.25 (4.83–5.58), nurses’ perception level of caring quality was high, median of Ethical Sensitivity Questionnaire total score was 89.00 (75.00–101.00) and nurses’ ethical sensitivity was moderate. A negative significant relation was found between nurses’ Caring Behaviours Inventory-24 total score and Ethical Sensitivity Questionnaire total score (r = -0.162; p = 0.009). A negative relation was also detected between nurses’ working period at the current clinic and providing benefit (r = -0.147; p = 0.012), holistic approach (r = -0.139; p = 0.018) and orientation (r = -0.175; p = 0.003) scores of Ethical Sensitivity Questionnaire sub-scales. Conclusion: Nurses’ perception levels of caring quality were high and their ethical sensitivity levels were moderate. It was found out that nurses’ ethical sensitivity increased together with their perception of caring quality, and as their working period at the current clinic increased, the ethical sensitivity also increased in terms of the sub-scales of providing benefit, holistic approach, and orientation. The factors that adversely affect the quality of nursing care and ethical sensitivity should be examined and attempts should be made to improve the working environment.

OBJECTIVE Breast cancer (BC) is a heterogeneous malignancy and differs widely among different patients. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the HER2/TOP2A gene aberrations and promoter methylation in RASSF1A/APC genes in patients with high-risk BC. METHODS Formalin-fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) tissue samples from primary breast tumors (n=60) were assessed. HER2/TOP2A aberrations was evaluated using FISH method. DNA was extracted from FFPE tumor tissues, and Methylation-sensitive high resolution melting (MS-HRM) analysis were performed for RASSF1A/APC genes methylation status. RESULTS HER2 amplification and TOP2A aberration were observed in 15/60 (25%) and 18/60 (30%) cases, respectively. According to the statistical analysis, HER2 amplification was associated with higher tumor grade (p=0.001), PR status (p=0.025), and TOP2A aberrations (p=0.004). RASSF1A and APC methylation were 58/60 (96.6%) and 26/60 (43.3%), respectively. There was a significant correlation between APC methylation and TOP2A aberration. APC gene methylation was significantly more frequent in tumors with TOP2A aberration (p=0.026). CONCLUSION Our results suggested that APC gene promoter hypermethylation was associated with TOP2A gene aberrations in patients with high-risk BC. This may be significant for targeted individual therapy. Additionally, it was confirmed that there was significant association of TOP2A gene aberrations with the HER2 gene amplification seen in BC. WOS:000518098600002 2-s2.0-85080872329

Background This study investigated risk factors of childhood urinary tract infection (UTI) associated with extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing bacteria (ESBL-positive UTI) and evaluated antimicrobial resistance as well as empiric treatment of childhood UTI. Methods The records of children with positive urine culture between 1 January 2008 and 31 December 2012 were evaluated. Patients with positive urine culture for ESBL-producing bacteria were defined as the ESBL-positive group, whereas patients of the same gender and similar age with positive urine culture for non-ESBL-producing bacteria were defined as the ESBL-negative group. Each ESBL-positive patient was matched with two ESBL-negative patients. Results The ESBL-positive and negative groups consisted of 154 and 308 patients, respectively. Potential risk factors for ESBL-positive UTI were identified as presence of underlying disease, clean intermittent catheterization (CIC), hospitalization, use of any antibiotic and history of infection in the last 3 months (P < 0.05). On logistic regression analysis, CIC, hospitalization and history of infection in the last 3 months were identified as independent risk factors. In the present study, 324 of 462 patients had empiric therapy. Empiric therapy was inappropriate in 90.3% of the ESBL-positive group and in 4.5% of the ESBL-negative group. Resistance to nitrofurantoin was similar between groups (5.1% vs 1.2%, P = 0.072); resistance to amikacin was low in the ESBL-positive group (2.6%) and there was no resistance in the ESBL-negative group. Conclusions Clean intermittent catheterization, hospitalization and history of infection in the last 3 months should be considered as risk factors for ESBL-positive UTI. The combination of ampicillin plus amikacin should be taken into consideration for empiric therapy in patients with acute pyelonephritis who have the risk factors for ESBL-positive UTI. Nitrofurantoin seems to be a logical choice for the empiric therapy of cystitis.

Purpose: To examine microleakage around Class-V restorations bonded with 3 current all-in-one adhesive systems in the presence or absence of surface-sealant in different evaluation groups.Materials and Methods: Clearfil S3 Bond, G-Aenial Bond, and Optibond All-in-One (AiO), were used in the Class-V cavities in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions (control group) or were additionally combined with Fortify Plus surface-sealant (surface-sealant group). The two main treatment groups of the dentin adhesives were subdivided into four different evaluation groups (24 h, 6 months, 12 months, and 12 months with two applications); the teeth were immersed in 0.5% methylene blue dye solution for 24 h. Samples were then sectioned longitudinally in a bucco-lingual direction and evaluated for microleakage under a stereomicroscope. Dye penetration was scored at the enamel (occlusal) and dentin (gingival) margins.Results: Microleakage scores were greater at the dentin margins compared with the enamel mar...

The recognition of acute kidney injury (AKI) as early as possible is important in the intensive care unit. This study proposes that serum and urine levels of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) may be used for this purpose.One hundred and seven critically ill adult patients with no previous renal failure were included. NGAL levels were measured during the first 48 hours after admission; NGAL levels were followed for 7 days and classified based on Risk, Injury, Failure, Loss, and End-Stage Renal Failure criteria.The AKI incidence was 35.5%, and serum NGAL (sNGAL) and urinary NGAL (uNGAL) levels were higher in the AKI group. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.76 (P.001) for sNGAL and 0.75 (P.001) for uNGAL. Seventy-one percent of AKI cases were observed within 48 hours, with 11 additional cases in the ensuing 7 days. The mean serum creatinine levels in the 11 patients were not different from non-AKI levels (P=.197), but the NGAL values were different, and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for sNGAL uNGAL was 1.00 (P=.014) and 0.93 (P=.02), respectively.Most AKI cases were diagnosed within the first 48 hours after admission, and NGAL was useful for predicting upcoming AKI.