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L'actualité en oncologie radiothérapie est marquée par les résultats d'essais stratégiques particulièrement pour les cancers de l'œsophage et du rectum. Pour l'adénocarcinome de l'œsophage, en situation préopératoire, les résultats de l'étude ESOPEC ont montré un bénéfice de survie de la chimiothérapie périopératoire par 5-fluoro-uracile, leucovorine oxaliplatine, taxotère en comparaison à la chimioradiothérapie (irradiation de 41,4 Gy avec une chimiothérapie concomitante par carboplatine/paclitaxel). En situation exclusive, l'étude CONCORDE n'a pas montré de bénéfice de l'escalade de dose et la dose standard reste 50 Gy. Pour le cancer du pancréas opérable, l'étude NRG/RTOG0848 qui comparait la chimiothérapie adjuvante avec ou sans chimioradiothérapie complémentaire a retrouvé une augmentation significative de la probabilité de survie sans maladie à 5 ans dans le sous-groupe de patients sans atteinte ganglionnaire. Pour les cancers du rectum, l'actualisation à 7 ans des résultats de l'étude PRODIGE 23 a confirmé le bénéfice non seulement en termes de survie sans récidive mais également de survie globale d'une chimiothérapie néoadjuvante par 5-fluoro-uracile, acide folinique, irinotécan et oxalipalatine avant la chimioradiothérapie, alors que l'actualisation de l'étude RAPIDO a montré un taux de rechute locale inacceptable dans le bras expérimental. L'actualisation de l'étude OPRA a montré un taux de survie avec conservation d'organe à 5 ans significativement supérieur en faveur du bras chimioradiothérapie suivie de la chimiothérapie en comparaison à la chimiothérapie d'induction première suivie de chimioradiothérapie. Une étude de phase 2 incluant 41 patients atteints d'un cancer du rectum localement avancé avec défaillance du système de réparation de l'ADN, a montré qu'un traitement exclusif par immunothérapie anti-PDL1 (dostarlimab) pendant 6 mois permettait une réponse clinique complète sans recours à un traitement complémentaire (ni radiothérapie, ni chirurgie). Pour le carcinome épidermoïde du canal anal, la survie et les profils de toxicité des patients inclus dans la cohorte anabase traités pour une tumeur de petit stade (T1 ou T2) ont été comparés selon qu'ils aient reçu exclusivement de la radiothérapie ou de la chimioradiothérapie. L'ajout d'une chimiothérapie à la radiothérapie ne montrait pas de bénéfice mais augmentait la toxicité et le risque d'allongement du traitement en raison d'interruption. Current events in radiotherapy oncology are marked by the results of strategic trials, particularly for esophageal and rectal cancers. For resectable esophageal adenocarcinoma, results of the ESOPEC study showed a benefit in overall survival from the perioperative chemotherapy with fluorouracil plus leucovorin, oxaliplatin and docetaxel compared to chemoradiotherapy (41.4 Gy radiotherapy and carboplatin/paclitaxel chemotherapy). In definitive setting, the CONCORDE study did not show any benefit from dose escalation and the standard dose remains 50 Gy. For resectable pancreatic cancer, the NRG/RTOG0848 study that compared adjuvant chemotherapy with or without chemoradiotherapy found a significant increase of the 5-year disease-free survival rate in the subgroup of node-negative patients. For rectal cancers, the 7-year update of PRODIGE 23 study confirmed the benefit in disease-free- and overall survival of neoadjuvant folinic acid, fluorouracil, irinotecan and oxaliplatin chemotherapy before chemoradiotherapy of T3, T4 or N+ adenocarcinoma, while the update of the RAPIDO study revealed an unacceptable local recurrence rate in the experimental arm. The update of the OPRA study shows a significantly higher 5-year organ preservation rate in favor of the chemoradiotherapy arm followed by consolidation chemotherapy compared to induction chemotherapy followed by CRT. A phase 2 study, including 41 patients with mismatch repair deficient, locally advanced rectal cancer reported that exclusive treatment with anti-PDL1 immunotherapy (dostarlimab) for 6 months resulted in complete clinical response without the need of additional treatment (neither radiotherapy nor surgery). For anal carcinoma, the analysis of survival and toxicity profiles of patients treated for a small stage T1 or T2 tumor were compared depending on whether they received exclusive radiotherapy or chemoradiotherapy. The addition of chemotherapy to radiotherapy did not show any survival benefit but significantly increased toxicity and the risk of radiotherapy disruption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

La estenosis del canal anal es una forma infrecuente de malformación anorrectal, representando el 1%. Existen pocos casos registrados sobre esta patología. Se trata de una entidad donde el ano presenta una estenosis de longitud variable, se encuentra normo-implantado, de apariencia normal,rodeado de complejo esfinteriano adecuado. Se debe descartar la presencia de malformaciones asociadas, cardiovasculares, renales, osteoarticulares, y especialmente se debe evaluar la presencia demasa pre-sacra, pudiendo presentarse teratomas, mielomeningocele anterior, entre otras. El tratamiento quirúrgico consiste en resecar el sector estenótico, realizar anoplastia respetando el complejo esfinteriano mediante un abordaje posterior, sin disección de la cara anterior del recto Debido a la presencia de un complejo esfinteriano circundante normal, el pronóstico funcional intestinal de estos pacientes es excelente. Presentamos el primer caso clínico en nuestro paísde un paciente con estenosis del canal anal, su forma de presentación, tratamiento quirúrgico y evolución.

Metastatic gastrointestinal cancer is not an uncommon situation, especially for pancreatic, gastric, and colorectal cancers. In this setting, few data are available on the impact of the treatment of the primary tumour. Oligometastatic disease is associated with longer survival in comparison with more advanced disease. Metastasis-directed therapy, such as stereotactic body radiotherapy, seems related to better outcomes, but the level of evidence is low. In most tumour locations, prospective data are very scarce and inclusion in ongoing trials is strongly recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de Gastroenterología del Perú is the property of Sociedad de Gastroenterologia del Peru and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: Anorectal melanoma is an infrequent tumor characterized by aggressive and poor prognosis; it constitutes 1 % among colorectal malignancies. It is more frequent in female patients over 50 years of age and reaches a maximum peak in the eighth decade of life. Objective: To present the clinical characteristics of a patient with melanoma of the anorectal canal. Clinical case: A 61-year-old female patient was studied, who came to the gastroenterology department for constipation of several months of evolution, associated with rectal tenesmus, anorexia, asthenia and rapid and progressive weight loss. He was diagnosed with anorectal melanoma, in advanced stage of the disease, for which he had poor evolution. Conclusions: With a thorough anamnesis and physical examination, associated with the use of the available diagnostic means and a high index of suspicion, it is achieved with the patient, that the study and diagnosis were made promptly and thus impose treatment.

Las fístulas anales son una de las formas más comunes de enfermedad anorrectal benigna, donde existe una conexión patológica entre el canal anal y la piel perianal, más del 90% de las fístulas anorrectales se desarrollan a partir de un absceso criptoglandular que conduce a la supuración y la constitución aberrante del tracto. La fístula resultante puede permanecer crónica o evolucionar hacia un absceso perianal. La enfermedad fistulosa perianal tiene implicaciones significativas para la calidad de vida del paciente. La edad de la primera presentación es a los 40 años y el sexo masculino se asocia con un mayor riesgo de presentar la enfermedad y se ha demostrado que fumar aumenta las tendencias de fístulas. Las fístulas anales se clasifican en 4 tipos y cada una de ellas tiene diferentes recorridos anatómicos, estas son: interesfinteriana, transesfinteriana, supraesfinteriana y extraesfinteriana, de estos recorridos dependerá su tratamiento, que se basa principalmente en la cirugía. Uno de los mayores desafíos del tratamiento continúa siendo la alta tasa de recurrencia, que es de aproximadamente 19% en pacientes sometidos a cirugía.

El objetivo es establecer si es necesaria la micción postoperatoria previo al egreso en cirugía anorrectal ambulatoria electivos en patología benigna. Este es un estudio experimental de tipo ensayo clínico aleatorizado de centro único (Centro Médico Docente La Trinidad), en pacientes sometidos a cirugía ambulatoria electiva por la unidad de coloproctologia con patología anorrectal benigna en el período comprendido entre agosto 2021 y octubre 2022. Se incluyen para el estudio un total de 39 pacientes que fueron asignados de forma aleatoria en 2 grupos, un grupo experimental conformado por 20 pacientes y un grupo control conformado por 19 pacientes. Desde el punto de vista epidemiológico (edad y sexo) ambos grupos de estudio fueron comparables p=0,4. La tasa global de retención urinaria aguda fue de 2,6% (n=1), el cual surgió en el grupo control, lo cual no representó significancia estadística p=0,47. La mediana de estancia postoperatoria fue menor en el grupo experimental obteniéndose una mediana de 130 minutos (120-160 min) en contraste con el grupo control que experimentó estancias más largas 220 min (150-360 min). Este estudio logró demostrar que la micción postoperatoria no es necesaria para el egreso en cirugía anorrectal electiva por patología benigna, en pacientes seleccionados utilizando analgesia multimodal, restricción de líquidos perioperatorios y con anestesia general obteniendo una tasa baja de retención urinaria aguda postoperatoria.

Current events in radiotherapy oncology are marked by the results of strategic trials, particularly for esophageal and rectal cancers. For resectable esophageal adenocarcinoma, results of the ESOPEC study showed a benefit in overall survival from the perioperative chemotherapy with fluorouracil plus leucovorin, oxaliplatin and docetaxel compared to chemoradiotherapy (41.4Gy radiotherapy and carboplatin/paclitaxel chemotherapy). In definitive setting, the CONCORDE study did not show any benefit from dose escalation and the standard dose remains 50Gy. For resectable pancreatic cancer, the NRG/RTOG0848 study that compared adjuvant chemotherapy with or without chemoradiotherapy found a significant increase of the 5-year disease-free survival rate in the subgroup of node-negative patients. For rectal cancers, the 7-year update of PRODIGE 23 study confirmed the benefit in disease-free- and overall survival of neoadjuvant folinic acid, fluorouracil, irinotecan and oxaliplatin chemotherapy before chemoradiotherapy of T3, T4 or N+ adenocarcinoma, while the update of the RAPIDO study revealed an unacceptable local recurrence rate in the experimental arm. The update of the OPRA study shows a significantly higher 5-year organ preservation rate in favor of the chemoradiotherapy arm followed by consolidation chemotherapy compared to induction chemotherapy followed by CRT. A phase 2 study, including 41 patients with mismatch repair deficient, locally advanced rectal cancer reported that exclusive treatment with anti-PDL1 immunotherapy (dostarlimab) for 6 months resulted in complete clinical response without the need of additional treatment (neither radiotherapy nor surgery). For anal carcinoma, the analysis of survival and toxicity profiles of patients treated for a small stage T1 or T2 tumor were compared depending on whether they received exclusive radiotherapy or chemoradiotherapy. The addition of chemotherapy to radiotherapy did not show any survival benefit but significantly increased toxicity and the risk of radiotherapy disruption., (Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS.)

Background: High-grade anal intraepithelial squamous lesion is significantly prevalent among men who have sex with men and are infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). This condition-the precursor to anal cancer-significantly increases the risk of developing it. Conversely, low-grade anal intraepithelial squamous typically follow a benign course and usually regress spontaneously., Materials and Methods: To describe a population of men who have sex with men living with HIV followed in a specialized anal cancer screening unit we conducted an observational, retrospective, and single-center study., Results: Ninety-four patients were analyzed, with a mean age of 39±9 years, and a 87% positivity rate for high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV). At the initial visit, 47% presented with low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions. The progression rate to high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion was 37.2 per 100,000 patients/year. None of the patients developed anal cancer. Tobacco and alcohol consumption were associated with this progression., Discussion: In this series, longer duration of HIV infection, tobacco and alcohol use and the presence of HR-HPV were significantly associated with the occurrence of high-grade intraepithelial lesions. A lower risk of progression was seen in patients with higher education., Conclusion: In men who have sex with men living with HIV, the association of factors such as smoking, alcohol, the presence of HR-HPV and an increased burden of human papillomavirus disease makes these patients more susceptible to develop high-grade anal squamous lesions., (Copyright © 2024. Publicado por Elsevier España, S.L.U.)

Background: squamous cell carcinoma of the anal canal constitutes a health problem of great magnitude, due to its high morbidity and mortality. The risk of suffering from this disease differs between individuals according to their modes and lifestyles.Objective: to characterize the patients diagnosed with squamous cell carcinoma of the anal canal in the Cienfuegos province from January the 1st, 2017 to December 31st, 2019.Methods: descriptive and prospective study on patients diagnosed with squamous cell carcinoma of the anal canal. The data were obtained from the medical records and the minutes of the deceased committee. The variables were analyzed: age, sex, skin color, associated diseases, clinical stages, form of presentation, classification of surgery, type of treatment, surgical technique used, cancer treatment, among others. The data obtained were processed using the SPSS version 21 statistical program; the results were showed in tables using absolute numbers and percentage.Results: female patients between 50 and 70 years old predominated; rectal bleeding and anal pain were the fundamental symptoms, accompanied or not by changes in bowel habit, straining and tenesmus; human papillomavirus was the most observed personal pathological history; the colostomy was the most widely used surgical technique.Conclusions: squamous cell carcinoma of the anal canal constitutes a health problem, associated with unprotected sexual life and sexually transmitted diseases; early diagnosis allows a better study and staging and therefore the use of more conservative surgical techniques.

Objetivo: Realizar uma revisão bibliográfica sobre melanoma de canal anal e relatar um caso deste tumor maligno raro e agressivo. Metodologia: Realizado acompanhamento médico e revisão de prontuário, de forma descritiva, analítica e retrospectiva, envolvendo paciente único, com discussão do caso e revisão detalhada da literatura utilizando base de dados científicas reconhecidas. Relato de caso: F.C.N., 42 anos, sexo masculino, diagnosticado com melanoma anal, sendo submetido à ressecção cirúrgica ampla, com margens cirúrgicas livres de neoplasia, tendo evoluído com recidiva após 11 meses de forma mais agressiva e metastática. Prosseguiu com quimioterapia paliativa e evoluiu com óbito após 26 meses do diagnóstico. Conclusão: Melanoma anorretal representa 0,05% das neoplasias malignas colorretais, de prognóstico reservado com cerca de 6% de taxa de sobrevida em 5 anos, a despeito do tratamento. Trata-se de uma patologia agressiva e pode ser um achado incidental durante procedimentos proctológicos. Diagnóstico precoce e abordagem cirúrgica adequada é primordial para o sucesso dos casos.

Objectives: The most common disease of anus is hemorrhoids. The definition of external hemorrhoids suggests the acute phase, often characterized by thrombosis or edema. External thrombosed hemorrhoid is a specific complication. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of different platelet parameters in the presence of internal or external thrombosed hemorrhoids. Methods: Patients examined were divided into two groups: Group 1: Thrombosed hemorrhoids group (THG), Group 2: Hemorrhoidectomy group (HG). Demographic and clinical data were identified. In terms of laboratory findings, preoperative hemoglobin, hematocrit and all platelet parameters were recorded. Main results: Fifty-two patients in THG, and 75 patients in HG were included in the study. In female sex and young age group, the risk of developing thrombosed hemorrhoids was statistically significant (p = 0.029, p = 0.039, respectively). When the platelet parameters were evaluated; while PDW was higher in THG (p = 0.008), any significant difference could not found in all other values (p > 0.05). Thrombosed hemorrhoids were mostly (59.25%) found to be located in the left laterodorsal part of anus. Conclusion: Internal hemorrhoids are frequently seen in the ages of 45–65 with similar rates in both sexes, while external thrombosed hemorrhoids occur at a younger age ( 0,05). A maioria das hemorróidas trombosadas (59,25%) localizava-se na região lateral-dorsal esquerda do ânus. Conclusão: As hemorróidas internas são frequentemente vistas nas idades de 45 a 65 anos com taxas semelhantes em ambos os sexos, enquanto as hemorróidas externas trombosadas ocorrem em uma idade mais jovem (

Background: High-grade anal intraepithelial squamous lesion is significantly prevalent among men who have sex with men and are infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). This condition-the precursor to anal cancer-significantly increases the risk of developing it. Conversely, low-grade anal intraepithelial squamous typically follow a benign course and usually regress spontaneously., Materials and Methods: To describe a population of men who have sex with men living with HIV followed in a specialized anal cancer screening unit we conducted an observational, retrospective, and single-center study., Results: Ninety-four patients were analyzed, with a mean age of 39±9 years, and a 87% positivity rate for high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV). At the initial visit, 47% presented with low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions. The progression rate to high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion was 37.2 per 100,000 patients/year. None of the patients developed anal cancer. Tobacco and alcohol consumption were associated with this progression., Discussion: In this series, longer duration of HIV infection, tobacco and alcohol use and the presence of HR-HPV were significantly associated with the occurrence of high-grade intraepithelial lesions. A lower risk of progression was seen in patients with higher education., Conclusion: In men who have sex with men living with HIV, the association of factors such as smoking, alcohol, the presence of HR-HPV and an increased burden of human papillomavirus disease makes these patients more susceptible to develop high-grade anal squamous lesions., (Copyright © 2024. Publicado por Elsevier España, S.L.U.)

Résumé: Le cancer de l'anus est rare, un peu plus de 2 000 cas par an en France. Toutefois, son incidence est en constante augmentation, 3 à 6 % par an. Le carcinome épidermoïde est le type histologique le plus fréquent. Une infection persistante par un ou plusieurs papillomavirus humains oncogènes est responsable de la majorité des carcinomes épidermoïdes de l'anus. Les génotypes 16 et 18 sont les plus fréquemment impliqués. L'immunosuppression, les rapports anaux et les antécédents de lésions précancéreuses ou de cancers viro-induits sont des facteurs de risque importants. Les symptômes sont aspécifiques, ce qui peut retarder le diagnostic. Le bilan pré-thérapeutique repose principalement sur le scanner thoraco-abdomino-pelvien, l'IRM pelvienne et la TEP-18-FDG. L'association d'une radiothérapie et d'une chimiothérapie associant classiquement la mitomycine C et le 5-fluorouracile est le traitement de référence du carcinome épidermoïde de l'anus pour les tumeurs T2 avec ou sans adénopathies et sans métastases à distance. Pour les tumeurs T1N0, une radiothérapie exclusive est habituellement proposée. La chirurgie est rarement nécessaire pour ce type de tumeurs habituellement très sensibles à la radiochimiothérapie. L'amputation abdominopérinéale est actuellement réservée aux situations de non-réponse, de poursuite évolutive et de rechute locale après radiochimiothérapie. Pour les formes très localisées, l'exérèse chirurgicale locale peut être considérée comme une option thérapeutique pour certaines tumeurs T1N0 du canal anal de moins d'1 cm pour lesquelles le diagnostic de cancer a été posé fortuitement à l'examen histologique de la pièce opératoire. Certaines données récentes de la littérature ont montré de bons résultats pour l'exérèse chirurgicale des tumeurs T1 avec une survie à moyen terme supérieure à 80 % et un risque de complication faible. Cependant, en l'absence d'études prospectives, randomisées et contrôlées, le niveau de preuve est faible et la place de l'exérèse locale en traitement de première ligne doit encore être évaluée par des études dédiées. Anal cancer is rare, about 2,000 cases/year in France. However, the incidence is increasing, 3 to 6% per year. Squamous cell carcinoma is the most common histologic type. Persistent infection with one or more oncogenic human papillomavirus is the main risk factor. Genotypes 16 and 18 are the most frequently involved. Immunosuppression, anal intercourse, and a history of precancerous lesions or virus-induced cancers are important risk factors too. Symptoms are nonspecific and diagnosis can be delayed. Evaluation of tumor extension is based mainly on the CT of chest, abdomen and pelvis, pelvic MRI and PET/CT. Primary chemoradiotherapy with mitomycin C and 5-fluorouracil is the current standard of care for squamous cell carcinoma of the anus classified T2 with or without lymphadenopathy and without metastases in the anus. distance. For T1N0 tumors, exclusive radiotherapy is usually offered. Surgery is rarely necessary for this type of tumor with good response to cheradiomotherapy. Abdomino-perineal resection is recommended for situations of non-response, progressive continuation and local relapse after chemoradiotherapy. For small tumors, local surgical excision may be considered as a curative treatment for T1N0 tumors of the anal canal of less than 1 cm for which the diagnosis of cancer was made incidentally on histological examination of the surgical specimen. Recent data from the literature have shown good results for surgical excision of T1 tumors with a medium-term survival over 80% and low risk of complications. However, in the absence of prospective, randomized, controlled studies, the level of evidence is low. The role of local excision in front-line treatment has yet to be assessed by dedicated studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Se analizó una comparación entre la resección anterior y la resección abdominoperineal para el tratamiento de! cáncer del recto, en términos de recurrencia local y sobrevida a 5 años; igualmente se compararon en el grupo de la primera técnica mencionada, los casos de anastomosis manuales y mecánicas.

Introducción: el cáncer de canal anal representa aproximadamente un 2% a 3% de todas las neoplasias digestivas. Nigro describió el tratamiento conservador del cáncer de canal anal utilizando radioterapia y quimioterapia con 5-fluorouracilo (5-FU) y mitomicina C (MMC), desde entonces este tratamiento es estándar. Objetivo: describir la técnica utilizada en nuestro servicio y los resultados en el control locorregional del cáncer de canal anal. Método: descriptivo, longitudinal, retrospectivo. Se analizaron historias de 72 pacientes consecutivos sin exclusiones, portadores de cáncer de canal anal, entre 1988 y 2016. El 67% recibió radioquimioterapia y el 33% de los pacientes radioterapia exclusiva por presentar contraindicaciones médicas específicas y fueron analizados en su conjunto. No se planificaron interrupciones en los tratamientos. Las interrupciones obligatorias fueron de 1 a 17 días con una media de 3 días. Las reacciones agudas fueron moderadas y no se comprobaron complicaciones tardías. Todos recibieron radioterapia locorregional. Resultados: el control local en N0 fue de 86% en T1 y T2 versus 42% en T3 y T4 a seis años, p=0,01 significativo. Conclusiones: la radioterapia con la técnica utilizada en nuestro servicio es efectiva en el tratamiento del cáncer de canal anal. La recidiva local ha sido la causa principal de persistencia lesional o recidiva. La curabilidad de la enfermedad está en relación directa con la extensión clínica/imagenológica de la lesión local.

Background: squamous cell carcinoma of the anal canal constitutes a health problem of great magnitude, due to its high morbidity and mortality. The risk of suffering from this disease differs between individuals according to their modes and lifestyles. Objective: to characterize the patients diagnosed with squamous cell carcinoma of the anal canal in the Cienfuegos province from January the 1st, 2017 to December 31st, 2019. Methods: descriptive and prospective study on patients diagnosed with squamous cell carcinoma of the anal canal. The data were obtained from the medical records and the minutes of the deceased committee. The variables were analyzed: age, sex, skin color, associated diseases, clinical stages, form of presentation, classification of surgery, type of treatment, surgical technique used, cancer treatment, among others. The data obtained were processed using the SPSS version 21 statistical program; the results were showed in tables using absolute numbers and percentage. Results: female patients between 50 and 70 years old predominated; rectal bleeding and anal pain were the fundamental symptoms, accompanied or not by changes in bowel habit, straining and tenesmus; human papillomavirus was the most observed personal pathological history; the colostomy was the most widely used surgical technique. Conclusions: squamous cell carcinoma of the anal canal constitutes a health problem, associated with unprotected sexual life and sexually transmitted diseases; early diagnosis allows a better study and staging and therefore the use of more conservative surgical techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objetivo: establecer la prevalencia de infección anal por virus de papiloma humano de alto riesgo (VPH- AR) y citología anal anormal en mujeres con displasia cervical confirmada. Materiales y métodos: estudio de corte transversal que incluyó pacientes entre 30 y 65 años con diagnóstico nuevo de displasia cervical por histopatología, en dos unidades de colposcopia y patología del tracto genital inferior (una de carácter público y otra privada) entre diciembre de 2017 y abril de 2019. Se excluyeron mujeres con infección por virus de inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH), inmuno-compromiso (uso de esteroides, trasplante, quimioterapia), en embarazo o con malformaciones anorrectales. Muestreo consecutivo. Se evaluaron variables sociodemográficas, tipo de relaciones sexuales, el grado de displasia cervical, resultado positivo de prueba de reacción en cadena de la polimerasa para VPH de alto riesgo en canal anal y tipo de VPH-AR identificado (16-18 u otro). Se utilizó estadística descriptiva. Resultados: de 188 candidatas a ingresar se incluyeron 100 pacientes en el análisis, se encontró una prevalencia de 32 % de infección por VPH de alto riesgo y de 2,8% de citología anal anormal (ASCUS) en el canal anal. El 68,8% de las infecciones por VPH-AR en el canal anal correspondió a genotipos de VPH-AR diferentes a 16 o 18. Conclusiones: la prevalencia de infección anal por VPH-AR en mujeres con displasia cervical fue del 32%. Es importante determinar la utilidad del tamizaje del compromiso de la mucosa anal por virus VPH de alto riesgo de cáncer en mujeres con displasia cervical. Se requieren estudios sobre el pronóstico de la infección anal por VPH-AR en las mujeres con displasia cervical.

O prolapso retal é uma protrusão ou eversão da mucosa retal sendo mais relatada em animais jovens, geralmente sendo uma consequência de distúrbios subjacentes que causam esforço intestinal e persistente, dentre outras causas. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi relatar o caso de um felino sem raça definida, com 2 meses de idade, atendido no Hospital Veterinário Metropolitano, Caucaia, Ceará, Brasil, apresentando anorexia, prostração e prolapso do reto com necrose. Foram realizados exames laboratoriais para avaliar funções biológicas do paciente. O tratamento cirúrgico eleito consistiu na aplicação de âncoras transversais e ressecção da massa prolapsada e aplicação de suturas únicas separadas para fazer a anastomose. O paciente foi acompanhado nas semanas seguintes e mostrou um retorno às funções fisiológicas normais da defecação, sem complicações de incontinência fecal. Conclui-se que a amputação retal pode ser uma alternativa para o tratamento cirúrgico do prolapso retal em felinos.

Objective: To determine the prevalence of anal infection caused by high-risk human papilloma virus (HR-HPV) and of abnormal anal cytology in women with confirmed cervical dysplasia. Materials and methods: Cross-sectional study that included patients between 30 and 65 years of age with a new diagnosis of cervical dysplasia by histopathology attended in two lower genital tract colposcopy and pathology units (one public and one private institution), conducted between December 2017 and April 2019. Women with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, immune compromise (use of steroids, transplant, chemotherapy), pregnancy or anorectal malformations were excluded. Consecutive sampling. Sociodemographic variables, intercourse type, degree of cervical dysplasia, positive results of HR HPV Polymerase Chain Reaction test in anal canal and HR - HPV type indentified (16-18 or others) were evaluated. Descriptive statistics were used. Results: Of 188 candidates, 100 were included in the analysis. A 32 % prevalence of high-risk HPV infection and a 2.8 % prevalence of abnormal cytology in the anal canal (ASCUS) were found. Of the HR-HPV infections in the anal canal, 68.8 % corresponded to HR-HPV genotypes different from 16 or 18. Conclusions: Prevalence of HR HPV infection in women with lower genital tract dysplasia was 32%. It is important to determine the usefulness of screening for anal mucosa compromise by HPV virus associated with a high risk of cancer in women with cervical dysplasia. Studies are needed on the prognosis of anal HR-HPV infection in women with cervical dysplasia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Las fístulas perianales constituyen una problemática frecuente en la consulta médica actual, con un gran impacto en la morbilidad. Su tratamiento no está exento de complicaciones, como la recurrencia local y la incontinencia fecal. La resonancia magnética (RM) cumple un rol fundamental en la planificación preoperatoria de estos casos, ya que la notable resolución espacial de los equipos de última generación permite generar un mapa de la anatomía de la pelvis menor, señalando el número y la relación de los trayectos con el esfínter anal. El objetivo del presente trabajo es identificar los distintos tipos de fístulas en base a sus características por RM, haciendo énfasis en la anatomía de la región y la técnica de estudio de esta entidad.

El carcinoma del canal anal es responsable de hasta el 4% de los casos de cáncer de colon, recto y ano; el tipo histológico más común es el carcinoma escamocelular. Una proporción no despreciable de pacientes se presenta con enfermedad metastásica al momento del diagnóstico. En estos estadios, el pronóstico es pobre y su tratamiento usualmente se basa en quimioterapia paliativa con cisplatino y 5-fluorouracilo, con tasas de supervivencia que no superan el 30% a 5 años. Algunos estudios recientes han sugerido que el tratamiento multidisciplinario con quimiorradiación, que se brinda en estadios más tempranos de la enfermedad, podría mejorar la supervivencia en un grupo seleccionado de pacientes. A continuación, presentamos el caso de un paciente masculino de 54 años con carcinoma escamocelular del canal anal con compromiso metastásico extenso y con VIH atendido en una institución especializada en el manejo de cáncer, en el cual se logró remisión completa de la enfermedad luego del manejo con quimiorradioterapia concomitante con mitomicina C y 5-fluorouracilo y se mantiene en remisión después de cerca de 4 años de haberse suspendido el tratamiento. Se discute el caso y se revisa la literatura al respecto.

Anal canal carcinoma is responsible for up to 4% of all cases of colon, rectum and anus cancer. The most common histological type is squamous cell carcinoma. A non-negligible proportion of patients have metastasized by the time of diagnosis. In these stages the prognosis is poor, and treatment is usually based on palliative chemotherapy with cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil. Five year survival rates do not exceed 30%. Some recent studies have suggested that multidisciplinary chemoradiotherapy (chemotherapy combined with radiation therapy) in earlier stages of the disease could improve survival for a select group of patients. We present the case of a 54-year-old male patient with squamous cell carcinoma of the anal canal with extensive metastasis who also had HIV. He was treated at an institution specializing in cancer treatment where complete remission of the disease was achieved after treatment with chemoradiotherapy with Mitomycin C and 5-fluorouracil. He remains in remission four years after discontinuation of treatment. We discuss the case and review the literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Homem de 29 anos, referenciado por lesões cutâneas perianais com cinco meses de evolução. Medicado an-teriormente com vários fármacos tópicos e sistémicos sem sucesso. Ex-toxicodependente de heroína e cocaí-na, homem que faz sexo com homens, portador de vírus da imunodeficiência adquirida (VIH) e vírus da hepatite C (VHC) desde 1995; seguido em infeciologia e medicado com efavirenz, emtricitabina, tenofovir disoproxil, cotrimoxazol e metadona, que tomava irregularmente.

Background and Objectives - The aim of this study was to evaluate the result of posterior myectomy in children with chronic constipation who underwent to this surgery. Methods - Forty eight children with chronic constipation who did not respond to diet, laxative, or enema were included. Children with abnormal barium enema showing transitional zone were excluded. Children with documented metabolic disease diabetes, and hypothyroidism were also excluded. All patients underwent posterior myectomy. Children were followed during 1 year after surgery regarding frequency of fecal evacuation, fecal consistency, straining during defecation, and diameter of feces. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 13.0 (Chicago, IL, USA). Results - Of 48 cases that underwent surgery, 21 were male and 27 were female. Age range was 1.5 to 11 years old. Mean duration of constipation before surgery was 22.79±17.08 (range 6-48 months). Mean duration of medical treatment was 14.90±10.31 (range= 6-48 months). Fecal consistency, feces diameter, number of bowel movements and straining during defecation were compared before and after surgery. The results were statistically significant ( P

Objective. Describe the natural history of anal HPV among men. Materials and methods. Prospective study among men 18-70 years (n=665), from Cuernavaca, Mexico who completed questionnaires and provided specimens (HPV genotyped) at enrollment and 1+ follow-up visit. HPV prevalence and incidence were estimated. Prevalence ratios were calculated with Poisson regression using robust variance estimation. Person-time for incident HPV infection was estimated using number of events modeled as Poisson variable for total person-months. Results. Anal infection prevalence: any HPV type=15%, high-risk=8.4%, HPV16=1.4%, tetravalent vaccine types (4vHPV)=4.4%, nonavalent vaccine types (9vHPV)=6.3%. Factors associated with prevalence: 50+ lifetime female sex partners (adjusted prevalence ratio, a PR=3.25, 95% CI:1.12-9.47), 10+ lifetime male sex partners (aPR=3.06, 95%CI:1.4-6.68), and 1+ recent male anal sex partners (aPR=2.28, 95%CI:1.15-4.5). Anal incidence rate: high-risk HPV=7.8/1000 person-months (95%CI:6.0-10.1), HPV16=1.8/1000 personmonths (95%CI:1.1-2.9),4vHPV=3.4/1000 person-months (95%CI:2.3-4.9) and 9vHPV=5.5/1000 person-months (95%CI:4.1-7.5). Conclusions. Implementation of universal HPV vaccination programs, including men, is a public health priority. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Les fistules scrotales sont rares, et souvent secondaires à des lésions de tuberculose. Les adénocarcinomes mucineux sont des tumeurs qui renferment au moins 50% de mucus extracellulaire, et siègent préférentiellement sur le recto sigmoïde, la localisation scrotale est inhabituelle. Nous rapportons un cas d'adénocarcinome mucineux secondaire du scrotum révélé par des fistules scrotales, chez un patient âgé de 54 ans, sans antécédents pathologiques notables, qui présente depuis deux ans des fistules scrotales à répétition, sans autres signes associés. L'examen trouve de multiples fistules scrotales avec issue de pus épais, le toucher rectal est normal. Les explorations urologiques (UIV, UCRM, Cystoscopie, ) sont normales, le bilan infectieux ainsi que la recherche de BK dans les urines et le crachat sont négatives. La biopsie de la peau scrotale est revenue en faveur d'un adénocarcinome mucineux moyennement différencié, dont l'étude immune histochimique est en faveur d'une origine primitive colorectale. L'évolution a été marqué par l'apparition de fistules anales complexes, ayant a l'IRM une caractéristique active, alimentant plusieurs collections pelvi périnéales comportant des bourgeons charnus. Sur le plan thérapeutique et vu la rareté de ce cancer, il n'y a pas de consensus. La résection chirurgicale reste le traitement de choix pour cette affection. La radio chimiothérapie pré opératoire est préconisée pour ce type de cancer mais son rôle n'est pas bien établi. Chez notre patient on a opté pour une radio chimiothérapie néo adjuvante première, avant la réalisation d'une amputation abdomino- périnéale.

OBJECTIVE: To verify whether the eradication of anal condylomata acuminata was effective for local control of HPV infection using anal colposcopy and anal brush cytology. METHODS: We evaluated 147 patients treated for anal margin and/or anal canal condyloma, with 108 HIV-positive and 39 HIV-negative individuals. The average age for males was 40 years for HIV-positive and 27.5 for HIV-negative. In females, the mean age was 37.5 years for HIV-positive and 31.5 for HIV-negative. RESULTS: Twenty-four patients (16.3%) had normal cytology and anal colposcopy, 16 (10.9%) normal cytology and altered anal colposcopy, 52 (35.4%) normal anal colposcopy and altered cytology, and 55 (37.4%) had altered cytology and anal colposcopy. CONCLUSION: the eradication of clinical lesions failed to locally control HPV infection.

Scrotales fistulas are rare and often represent secondary lesions of tuberculosis. Mucinous adenocarcinomas are tumors containing at least 50% of extracellular mucus. They occur most commonly in the rectosigmoid; scrotal location is rare. We report the case of a 54-year old patient, with no particular past medical history, with secondary mucinous adenocarcinoma of the scrotum revealed by scrotal fistulas. The patient had suffered from recurrent scrotal fistulas for two years, with no other associated signs. Clinical examination showed multiple scrotal fistulas with discharge of thick pus. Rectal examination was normal. Urological examinations (IVU, UCRM, cystoscopy, ...) were normal, the assessment of infectious diseases as well as the detection of BK virus in urine and sputum were negative. Biopsy of sample of scrotal tissue was in favor of moderately differentiated mucinous adenocarcinoma. Immunohistochemical examination was in favor of primary colorectal cancer. Patient's evolution was marked by the occurrence of complex anal fistulas, which appeared on MRI as active, supplying several pelvic peritoneal collections resulting in fleshy buds. There is no consensus on the therapeutic approach due to the rarity of this cancer. Surgical resection is the treatment of choice for this disease. Preoperative chemotherapy and radiation therapy are recommended for this type of cancer, but their role is not well established. The patient underwent primary neoadjuvant chemotherapy and radiation therapy, before abdominoperineal excision. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

La endosonografía anorrectal permite diagnosticar múltiples patologías del canal anal y del recto. En Colombia se realiza en pocos sitios y es escaso el personal entrenado para ello. Un grupo de docentes de gastroenterología clínica quirúrgica de la Universidad de Caldas recibió entrenamiento en endosonografía anorrectal en Chile y España, después de lo cual inició su trayectoria, ya de 4 años. Con los datos del último año se realizó un estudio descriptivo en una cohorte prospectiva, tomando la información de los pacientes a quienes se les realizó endosonografía anorrectal entre octubre de 2014 y septiembre de 2015. Se obtuvieron datos de 136 pacientes, predominando el género femenino (72,05%); el 20,6% de los pacientes procedían de departamentos diferentes a Caldas. La principal indicación fue incontinencia fecal en 44 pacientes (32,35%), siendo 86% mujeres; otras indicaciones fueron neoplasia maligna rectal (23,5%), fístula perianal (12,5%), proctalgia (11,03%), endometriosis (7,35%) y absceso perianal (6,62%). El diagnóstico final más frecuente fue defecto de los esfínteres en 40 pacientes (29,41%), seguido por neoplasia maligna rectal (13,24%), fístula perianal (11,76%), absceso perianal (8,82%) y neoplasia benigna rectal (6,62%). Los resultados están en congruencia con la literatura mundial, donde la principal indicación es la incontinencia fecal en relación con el diagnóstico final, que es defectos de los esfínteres por alteraciones obstétricas. La endosonografía anorrectal es de gran importancia como método diagnóstico único o de apoyo para otros, con centros de referencia como el nuestro, donde se realiza en un volumen importante y siguiendo las pautas internacionales recomendadas.

OBJETIVO: analisar através de biologia molecular a diversidade da microbiota da junção ileocecal antes e após a ressecção da válvula ileocecal e reconstrução do trânsito com e sem a criação de "neoesfíncter". MÉTODOS: Os animais foram distribuídos em dois grupos: Grupo A (n=7) com ressecção da válvula ileocecal e anastomose ileocólica término-terminal em plano único, e Grupo B (n=7) com ressecção da válvula ileocecal e anastomose ileocólica término-terminal em plano único e confecção do esfíncter artificial. Reoperados com 20 dias coletou-se novamente conteúdo intraluminar do íleo e do cólon. Das amostras coletadas, extraiu-se DNA para reação de PCR-DGGE. Os padrões de bandas eletroforéticas , gerados na reação, foram submetidos ao programa Bionumerics para análise da similaridade e da diversidade da microbiota. RESULTADOS: a diversidade da microbiota foi maior e em mais amostras do íleo do que as do cólon. O grupo com a válvula apresentou os maiores valores e variações no cólon de 2,11 a 2,93. Em três animais de cada grupo estabeleceu-se comparação da similaridade e não se assemelharam ao controle. CONCLUSÃO: a ressecção da válvula ileocecal levou à mudanças da microbiota ileal e, com a criação de novo esfíncter, as variações foram maiores.OBJECTIVE: To analyze, through molecular biology, the diversity of the intestinal microbiota before and after resection of the ileocecal junction and reconstruction of intestinal transit with and without the creation of a neosphincter. METHODS: Fourteen Wistar rats were divided into two groups: Group A (n = 7), submitted to resection of the ileocecal valve and end-to-end, single-layer ileocolic anastomosis; and Group B (n = 7) with resection of the ileocecal valve and end-to-end, single-layer ileocolic anastomosis followed by construction of an artificial sphincter. Intraluminal contents were collected from both groups. The animals were reoperated 20 days after the first procedure, with new collection of intraluminal contents of the ileum and colon. From the samples collected, DNA was extracted for PCR-DGGE. The electrophoretic banding patterns generated in the reaction were analyzed for similarities and diversities of the microbiota. RESULTS: The diversity of microorganisms was larger and in more samples when collected from the ileum than from the colon. The group with the neosphincter showed the highest variation in the colon, from 2.11 to 2.93. In three animals from each group was established comparing the similarity and not resembled the control. CONCLUSION: ileocecal resection led to changes in ileal microbiota and, with the creation of new sphincter, the changes were even greater.

PURPOSE: To investigate the differences in Langerhans cells (LCs) populations between HIV-positive and negative anal squamous cell carcinomas patients. METHODS: Twenty five patients (14 HIV-positive and 11 HIV-negative) were evaluated. Paraffin-block transversal thin sections from biopsies of anal squamous cell carcinomas (ASCC) were stained using the anti-CD1A antibody that identifies activated LCs. LCs counts were performed using histometry at 20 different sites, at baseline in the ASCC cases. These were then compared with LCs counts in anal canal specimens from HIV-negative and positive patients without ASCC (controls groups). RESULTS: In patients with ASCC, the LC count was greater among HIV-negative individuals than among HIV-positive individuals (pOBJETIVO: Comparar a quantidade de células de Langerhans (CL) em pacientes portadores do carcinoma espinocelular (CEC) do canal anal HIV-positivo e negativo. MÉTODOS: Avaliamos 25 pacientes, sendo 11 HIV-negativo e 14 HIV-positivo portadores do CEC do canal anal. Realizamos estudo com a coloração imunoistoquímica anti-CD1A para avaliar as CL ativadas. Utilizamos as lâminas coradas e pelo método da histometria contamos em 20 campos diferentes as células coradas na camada basal da lâmina própria, onde era evidente a disseminação tumoral. Realizamos dois grupos controles compostos por pacientes submetidos à biopsia anal sem neoplasia (sete pacientes HIV-negativo e quatro HIV-positivo). Comparamos as contagens de CL. RESULTADOS: A quantidade de CL foi superior nos pacientes portadores do CEC do canal anal soronegativo para o HIV, em relação aos soropositivos (p

Anorectal Melanoma is a rare and very aggressive tumor that should be part of the range of differential diagnoses of colorectal diseases. Today, the main discussion on the topic is about the best treatment, whether it should be more conservative or more aggressive. In order to review the main points on the subject, the authors report a case of a patient treated at the Coloproctology Service at the São Lucas Hospital, PUCRS.O melanoma anorretal é uma patologia de baixa frequência, porém de agressividade expressiva, devendo fazer parte da gama de diagnósticos diferenciais do Coloproctologista. A principal discussão sobre o tema versa hoje sobre a melhor forma de tratamento, seja mais invasivo ou mais conservador. A fim de revisar os principais pontos sobre o assunto, relataremos o caso de uma paciente atendida no Serviço de Coloproctologia do Hospital São Lucas da PUCRS.

Purpose: To investigate the prevalence of anal squamous intraepithelial lesions (ASIL) or anal cancer in patients attended at the Tropical Medicine Foundation of Amazonas. Methods: 344 patients consecutively attended at the institution, in 2007/2008, were distributed in the following strata according to presence/abscense of at risk conditions for anal cancer: Group 1 _ HIV-positive men-who-have-sex-with-men (101); Group 2 _ HIV-positive females (49); Group 3 _ patients without any at risk condition for anal cancer (53); Group 4 _ HIV-positive heterosexual men (38); Group 5 _ HIV-negative patients, without anoreceptive sexual habits, but with other at risk conditions for anal cancer (45); Group 6 _ HIV-negative men-who-have-sex-with-men (26); and Group 7 _ HIV-negative anoreceptive females (32). The histopathological results of biopsies guided by high-resolution anoscopy were analyzed by frequentist and bayesian statistics in order to calculate the point-prevalence of ASIL/cancer and observe any eventual preponderance of one group over the other. Results: The point-prevalence of ASIL for all the patients studied was 93/344 (27%), the difference between HIV-positive and negative patients being statistically significant (38.3% versus 13.5%; p < 0.0001). The prevalence of ASIL for each one of the groups studied was: Group 1 = 49.5%, Group 2 = 28.6%, Group 3 = 3.8%, Group 4 = 21.1%, Group 5 = 11.1%, Group 6 = 30.8% and Group 7 = 18.8%. Standard residual analysis demonstrated that ASIL was significantly prevalent in patients of Group 1 and high-grade ASIL in patients of Group 2. The odds for ASIL of Group 1 was significantly higher in comparison to Groups 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7 (p < 0.03). The odds for ASIL of Groups 2, 4 and 6 were significantly higher in comparison to Group 3 (p < 0.03). Conclusions: In the patients studied, ASIL (low and/or high-grade) tended to be significantly more prevalent in HIV-positive patients. Nonetheless, HIV-negative anoreceptive patients also presented great probability to have anal cancer precursor lesions, mainly those of the male gender.Objetivo: Investigar a prevalência de lesões intraepiteliais escamosas anais (ASIL) ou câncer anal em pacientes atendidos na Fundação de Medicina Tropical do Amazonas. Métodos: 344 pacientes consecutivamente atendidos na instituição, em 2007/2008, foram distribuídos nos seguintes estratos conforme a presença/ausência de fatores de risco para o câncer anal: Grupo 1 _ homens-que-fazem-sexo-com-homens HIV-positivos (101); Grupo 2 _ mulheres HIV-positivas (49); Grupo 3 _ pacientes sem condição de risco para o câncer anal (53); Grupo 4 _ homens heterossexuais HIV-positivos (38); Grupo 5 _ pacientes HIV-negativos, sem hábitos sexuais anorreceptivos, mas com outras condições de risco para o câncer anal (45); Grupo 6 _ homens-que-fazem-sexo-com-homens HIV-negativos (26); e Grupo 7 _ mulheres HIV-negativas, com hábitos sexuais anorreceptivos (32). Os resultados histopatológicos das biópsias anais dirigidas pela colposcopia anal foram analisados por meio de estatística frequentista e bayesiana para a determinação da prevalência-ponto de ASIL/câncer e verificar eventual preponderância estatística de um grupo sobre o outro. Resultados: A prevalência-ponto de ASIL para todos os pacientes estudados foi de 93/344 (27%), sendo significativa a diferença entre HIV-positivos e negativos (38,3% versus 13,5%; p < 0,0001). A prevalência de ASIL para cada um dos grupos estudados foi: Grupo 1 = 49,5%, Grupo 2 = 28,6%, Grupo 3 = 3,8%, Grupo 4 = 21,1%, Grupo 5 = 11,1%, Grupo 6 = 30,8% e Grupo 7 = 18,8%. A análise de resíduos demonstrou prevalência significante de ASIL para o Grupo 1 e de ASIL de alto-grau para o Grupo 2. A razão-de-chances do Grupo 1 para ASIL foi significantemente maior em comparação com os Grupos 2, 3, 4, 5 e 7 (p < 0,03). A razão-de-chances para ASIL dos Grupos 2, 4 e 6 foi significantemente maior em comparação com o Grupo 3 (p < 0.03). Conclusões: Nos pacientes estudados, ASIL (baixo e/ou alto-grau) foi significantemente mais prevalente em pacientes HIV-positivos. Entretanto, pacientes HIV-negativos anorreceptivos também apresentaram grande probabilidade de possuir as lesões, especialmente os do gênero masculino.

A incontinência fecal é uma patologia que atinge uma parcela significativa da população, principalmente os idosos. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar os possíveis fatores que levaram ao desenvolvimento da incontinência fecal em idosos do município de Rio Piracicaba, MG. Tratou-se de pesquisa quantitativa do tipo descritiva, realizada em 2009 com 23 idosos, mediante aplicação dos questionários sócio-demográficos, seguindo o Fecal Incontinence Severity Index - FISI e da avaliação do Mini-exame do Estado Mental. Verificou-se que 52,10% são do gênero feminino; 52,20% têm mais de 80 anos; 73,90% são analfabetos; 95,65% têm renda mensal de um salário mínimo; 73,90% têm menos de três problemas associados; 73,90% apresentam a incontinência por um período de até 60 meses e 95,65% não fazem tratamento para incontinência fecal. Encontrou-se uma associação relevante entre gênero, causa da doença e problemas associados ao acidente vascular encefálico. Os dados mostraram a necessidade de implementação de ações educativas visando propiciar informações sobre a doença, tratamento e sua prevenção.

RACIONAL: Atualmente cerca de 90% das operações anorretais podem ser realizadas em regime ambulatorial. A técnica anestésica é fator fundamental na busca de menor tempo de internamento e redução de custos nestes procedimentos. Não há consenso na literatura sobre qual o melhor tipo de anestesia para essas operações. OBJETIVO: Comparar os custos da técnica de raquianestesia com bupivacaína 0,5% isobárica com a técnica de anestesia venosa com propofol associada ao bloqueio perianal local com lidocaína a 2% e bupivacaína 0,5% (anestesia combinada) em pacientes submetidos a operações anorretais. MÉTODOS: Foram analisados dados de 99 pacientes submetidos à operações anorretais, divididos em dois grupos: grupo I (raquianestesia), composto por 50 pacientes e grupo II (anestesia combinada), composto por 49 pacientes. Foram estudados os procedimentos cirúrgicos, tempo de procedimento anestésico-cirúrgico, tempo de internamento e custos globais de cada paciente. RESULTADOS: Não houve diferença estatística significativa entre os grupos estudados em relação ao tipo de procedimento cirúrgico, sexo, idade e complicações. O tempo médio do procedimento anestésico-cirúrgico, no grupo I foi de 53,1 minutos e de 44,08 minutos no grupo II (P=0,034). O tempo médio de internamento foi de 19,68 horas no grupo I e de 7,08 horas no grupo II (PBACKGROUND: Approximately ninety percent of anorectal surgical procedures are performed in ambulatory basis. The choice of a proper anesthetic technique is important to achieve shorter hospital stay and low costs. There's no evidence in the literature that an ideal type of anesthesia for these procedures exists. AIM: To compare the costs of patients operated with spinal anesthesia (0,5% bupivacaine) with combined anesthesia (propofol and local perineal block with 2% lidocaine and 0,5% bupivacaine) in anorectal surgical procedures. METHODS: Data from 99 patients submitted to anorectal operations were retrospectively analyzed. They were divided in two groups: 50 patients were operated with spinal anesthesia (group I) and 49 with combined anesthesia (group II). The type of operation, the time of hospital stay, the time of anesthetic and surgical procedure and the costs were analyzed. RESULTS: There were no significant differences between the studied groups regarding the type of operation, gender, age and complications. The time of anesthetic and surgical procedures was 53,1 minutes in group I and 44,08 minutes in group II (P=0,034). The average time of hospital stay was 19,68 hours in group I and 7,08 hours in group II (P

BACKGROUND: Rectoanal inhibitory reflex is not always evident in patients with chagasic megacolon. This may be due to insufficient volumes of air used during insufflation for the manometric examination. AIMS: To identify the volume of air necessary to induce rectoanal inhibitory reflex in patients with chagasic megacolon and to observe its prevalence in these individuals. METHODS: Rectoanal inhibitory reflex in 39 patient with chagasic megacolon was studied by means of anorectal manometry using the balloon method. The balloon was insufflated using sequential volumes up to 300 mL to induce reflex. RESULTS: Rectoanal inhibitory reflex was identified in 43.6% of the patients using a mean volume of 196 mL of insufflated air (standard error = 13.5). CONCLUSION: Rectoanal inhibitory reflex can be induced in patients with chagasic megacolon when greater volumes of air are used.RACIONAL: O reflexo inibitório retoanal nem sempre é evidente nos pacientes com megacólon chagásico. Acredita-se que isso ocorra devido à utilização de volumes insuficientes de insuflação de ar, ao exame manométrico, para induzi-lo. OBJETIVO: Quantificar a média de volume de ar necessário para induzir o reflexo inibitório retoanal em pacientes com megacólon chagásico e verificar sua prevalência. MÉTODOS: Estudou-se o reflexo inibitório retoanal em 39 pacientes com megacólon chagásico por meio da manometria anorretal, utilizando-se o método do balão. Para indução do reflexo foram insuflados volumes seqüenciais de até 300 mL de ar. RESULTADOS: O reflexo inibitório retoanal foi encontrado em 43,6% dos pacientes, com média de ar insuflado de 196 mL (erro padrão = 13,5). CONCLUSÃO: O reflexo inibitório retoanal pode ser induzido em pacientes com megacólon chagásico, quando utilizados maiores volumes de insuflação de ar.

OBJETIVO: analisar pacientes com candidíase vulvovaginal quanto a sintomatologia, fatores de risco e resultados da cultura anal, identificar a freqüência de Candida albicans e não C. albicans e correlacionar as colonizações anal e vaginal. MÉTODOS: foram incluídas 99 pacientes com suspeita clínica de candidiase vulvovaginal, procedentes de Natal, RN, atendidas entre maio de 2003 e maio de 2005, perfazendo-se o total de 294 coletas. O material clínico, colhido por zaragatoas, foi semeado em CHROMagar Candida®. As leveduras foram identificadas pelo método clássico, além da prova de crescimento a 42 e 45ºC e da prova do caldo Sabouraud hipertônico. A sintomatologia, fatores de risco e colonização anal foram analisados de acordo com a positividade ou negatividade para Candida spp. As culturas positivas para C. albicans nos dois sítios foram comparadas com outros resultados encontrados. Para análise estatística utilizou-se o teste do chi2, com correção de Yates e o teste exato de Fisher. RESULTADOS: a espécie mais frequente foi C. albicans em 69% dos casos. Uso de roupas íntimas justas e/ou sintéticas, presença de doenças alérgicas, ocorrência de prurido, leucorréia e hiperemia apresentaram associação com a positividade vaginal para Candida spp. A chance de uma paciente com colonização anal positiva de apresentar positividade vaginal concomitante foi 2,8 e 4,9 vezes maior, respectivamente, para Candida spp e C. albicans. A chance de uma paciente com cultura anal positiva para C. albicans de apresentar resultado vaginal positivo foi 3,7 vezes maior quando comparada a espécies não C. albicans. CONCLUSÕES: C. albicans foi a espécie mais comum, tendo sido observada associação da positividade vaginal para Candida spp com uso de roupas justas e/ou sintéticas, doenças alérgicas, prurido, leucorréia e eritema (pPURPOSE: to analyze patients with vulvovaginal candidiasis with respect to risk factors, symptomatology and results of anal culture, to identify the frequency of species of Candida albicans and non-C. albicans, and to correlate anal and vaginal colonization. METHODS: a total of 99 patients were included with suspected vulvovaginal candidiasis, from Natal, Brazil, between May 2003 and May 2005, totalling 294 collections. The clinical material, obtained by vaginal and anal swabs, was seeded on CHROMagar Candida®. The yeasts were identified using the classic method, in addition to the growth test at 42º and 45ºC and the Hypertonic Saboraud broth test. Symptomatology, risk factors and anal colonization were assessed according to positive or negative culture for Candida spp. The cultures positive for C. albicans at the two sites were compared with other results encountered. Yates’ chi2 test and Fisher’s exact test were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: the most frequent was C. albicans in 69% of the cases. Wearing tight and/or synthetic underclothing, the presence of allergic diseases, the occurrence of itching, leukorrhea and hyperemia showed a significant association with positive culture for Candida spp in the vagina. The chance of a patient with positive anal colonization to present with concomitant positive vaginal colonization was 2.8 and 4.9 times greater for Candida spp and C. albicans, respectively. The risk of a patient with anal culture positive for C. albicans to present with positive vaginal colonization was 3.7 times greater when compared to non-C. albicans species. CONCLUSIONS: the most common species was C. albicans, and a relevant association between vaginal cultures positive for Candida spp and the use of tight and/or synthetic underclothing, allergic diseases, the occurrence of pruritus, leukorrhea and erythema was observed (p

Introducción. En 2000 se diagnosticaron 3.400 casos nuevos de cáncer anal en Estados Unidos; es el cuarto cáncer más común en VIH positivos. Objetivo. Determinar la prevalencia de cambios citológicos anales en una población de pacientes de Medellín, positivos para VIH, buscando la relación con distintas variables. Materiales y métodos. Se trata de un estudio descriptivo con exploración de variables, que incluyó pacientes de Medellín positivos para VIH. Se les aplicó una encuesta epidemiológica y se les realizó la citología anal según Bethesda. Resultados. Se estudiaron 91 pacientes, 66 de ellos con información completa. El 45,5% presentó alguna alteración en la citología anal. Se encontró que en aquellos con antecedentes de otras infecciones de transmisión sexual, 44,7% presentaba cambios citológicos (p = 0,8426); en aquéllos con más de 21 parejas, 60,9% presentaba cambios citológicos (p = 0,1791); en aquéllos que habían iniciado la vida sexual entre los 9 y 20 años, 43,3% presentaba cambios citológicos (p = 0,8125); en aquéllos con CD4Background. In the year 2000, around 3,400 new cases of anal cancer were diagnosed in the USA, and now is the fourth most common cancer in HIVpositive population. Objectives. To determinate the prevalence of anal cytological changes, in an HIV-positive population from Medellín; and its relationship with different variables. Methods. This is a descriptive variable exploration study, which included HIV-positive patients from Medellín. We used an epidemiological survey and an anal cytology was done according to Bethesda recommendations. Results. We included 91 patients, 66 with the whole information. The 45,5% showed abnormal anal cytology. We found that in patients with past history of sexual transmitted diseases, 44,7% showed cytological changes (p = 0,8426); in patients with more than 21 sexual partners, 60,9% showed cytological changes (p = 0,1791); in those who started his active sexual life between 9 and 20 years of age, 43,3% showed cytological changes (p = 0,8125); in those with CD4>200 cells/ mL, 50% showed cytological changes (p = 0,8832). Besides, we found a tendency for increasing risk of abnormal anal cytology in patients who used preservatives sometimes or never, compared with those who said that always used it (p = 0,1665). Conclusions. Anal cytology is a simple and cost-effective test, which allows to screen populations at risk, preventing the development of anal cancer. We did not found any statistical association between cytology changes and the variables evaluated. We suggest including anal cytology as one of the Plan Obligatorio de Salud tests for HIV-positive patients whith anal intercourse practices.

Anorectal endosonography can diagnose many diseases of the anal canal and rectum. In Colombia, the procedure is performed in only a few medical centers because of the scarcity of trained personnel. Four years ago, a group of teachers from the gastroenterological surgery clinical at the University of Caldas received training in endoluminal ultrasonography in Chile and Spain and have been practicing these procedures ever since. This is a descriptive study of a prospective cohort using data from patients who underwent endoluminal ultrasonography between October 2014 and September 2015. Data were obtained from 136 patients, of whom 72.05% were women. 20.6% of the patients came from departments other than Caldas. Fecal incontinence was the reason for the procedure for 44 patients (32.35%, 86% of whom were women). Other indications were rectal malignancies (23.5%), perianal fistulas (12.5%), anal pain (11.03%), endometriosis (7.35%), and perianal abscesses (6.62%). The most common final diagnoses were defective sphincters in 40 patients (29.41%), rectal malignancy in 13.24% of the patients, perianal fistulas in 11.76% of the patients, perianal abscesses in 8.82% of the patients, and benign rectal neoplasms in 6.62% of the patients . The results are consistent with those found in the international literature where the most common final diagnoses reported for the reason for fecal incontinence are sphincter defects and obstetric disorders. Anorectal endosonography is of great importance when used alone or to support other diagnostic tools. It is recommended that this procedure be done in a referral center such as ours which performs a large volume of these procedures and which follows international guidelines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]