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The aim of this study was to evaluate how the inclusion of a blend of essential oils in milk replacer (MR) affects different outcomes of dairy heifers. The outcomes evaluated: feed intake, performance, body development, blood cells and metabolites, insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), rumen fermentation, fecal scores, and respiratory scores. All outcomes were evaluated during pre-weaning (4?60 d of age), and carry-over effects during post-weaning (61?90 d of age) periods. The experimental units utilized were 29 newborn Holstein × Gyr crossbred dairy heifers, with genetic composition of 5/8 or more Holstein and 3/8 or less Gyr and body weight (BW) at birth of 32.2 ± 5.2 kg. Experimental units were assigned to either a control (CON, n = 15) or a blend of essential oil supplementation (BEO, n = 14) treatment, maintaining a balance of genetic composition. The BEO was supplemented in the MR with 1 g/d/calf of a blend of essential oils (Apex Calf, Adisseo, China) composed by plant extracts derived from anise, cinnamon, garlic, rosemary, and thyme. During the pre-weaning phase, all heifers were fed 5 L of MR/d reconstituted to 15% (dry matter basis), divided into two equal meals. Water and starter were provided ad libitum. During the post-weaning, animals received a maximum of 3 kg of starter/d, and ad libitum corn silage, divided into two meals. Feed intake, fecal and respiratory scores were evaluated daily. The BW was measured every three days, while body development was recorded weekly. Blood samples were collected on 0, 30, and 60 d of age for total blood cell count, weekly and on the weaning day to determinate ß-hydroxybutyrate, urea and glucose, and biweekly for IGF-1. Ruminal parameters (pH, volatile fatty acids, ammonia-N, and acetate:propionate proportion?C2:C3) were measured on days 14, 28, 42, 60, 74 and 90. A randomized complete block design with an interaction between treatment and week was the experimental method of choice to test the hypothesis of the BEO?s effect on all outcomes. An ANOVA procedure was used for continuous outcomes, and a non-parametric test was used for the ordered categorical outcomes, both adopting a CI = 95%. Results indicated that there was not enough evidence to accept the alternative hypothesis of the effect of BEO in MR on feed intake, performance, body development, and blood metabolites during both pre-weaning and post-weaning periods. However, results indicated that the inclusion of BEO in MR significantly affects the proportion of C2:C3 during pre- and post-weaning (P = 0.05). Similarly, the effect was significant for basophil (P menor igual 0.001), and platelet (P = 0.04) counts pre-weaning. The interaction between week and treatment was also significant for lymphocytes (P menor igual 0.001), revealing a cumulative effect. Lastly, fecal scores were also significant (P = 0.04) during pre-weaning, with lower values for BEO. The BEO contributed to ruminal manipulation in pre-weaning and carry-over effects in post-weaning, immunity improvement, and decreased morbidity of neonatal diarrhea in the pre-weaning phase. Made available in DSpace on 2021-08-21T02:09:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Effects-blend.pdf: 937173 bytes, checksum: f938678db848f27d30d12b82699db2aa (MD5) Previous issue date: 2021

Cattle are animals that stay in the herd for a large period of the day in the open air pasture. This daily routine leaves them exposed and susceptible to infectious diseases. One of them is the Bovine Parasitic Sadness which is considered one of the greatest cattle health problems due its high rate of mortality and morbidity. In this work preliminary results are presented from calf inoculated with anaplasmosis. Blood samples were collected and analyzed through Fourier Transform Near Infrared spectroscopy (FT-NIR). The animal was monitored for 60 days until its recovery. This exploratory work shows the potentiality of the FT-NIR in the detection, follow-up and recovery of the anaplasmosis. The possibility of prevention of this disease in the herd via a fast optical analysis may bring a great breakthrough in disease control in dairy and beef cattle. Made available in DSpace on 2021-09-24T02:11:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Use-near-infrared.pdf: 833717 bytes, checksum: fa8ec1943d91a6de82530ec1ae36f54c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2021

This study aimed to estimate energy requirements of pregnant Holstein × Gyr cows. Different planes of nutrition were established by two feeding regimens: ad libitum or maintenance. Sixty-two nonlactating cows with average body weight of 480 ± 10.1 kg and an age of 5 ± 0.5 years were used. Cows were divided into three groups: pregnant (n = 44), non-pregnant (n=12), and baseline reference (n = 6). The 56 pregnant and non-pregnant cows were randomly allocated into a feeding regimen: ad libitum or maintenance. To evaluate the effects of days of pregnancy, pregnant and non-pregnant animals were slaughtered at 140, 200, 240, and 270 days of pregnancy. Energy requirements for maintenance differed between pregnant and non-pregnant cows, thus two equations were developed. Net energy and metabolizable energy requirements for maintenance of non-pregnant cows were 82 kcal/kg empty body weight0.75/day and 132 kcal/kg empty body weight0.75/day, respectively. The efficiency of use of metabolizable energy for maintenance of non-pregnant cows was 62.4%. Net energy and metabolizable energy for maintenance of pregnant cows were 86 kcal/kg empty body weight0.75/day and 137 kcal/kg empty body weight0.75/day, respectively. Efficiency of use of metabolizable energy for maintenance of pregnant cows was 62.5%. The efficiency of use of metabolizable energy for gain was 41.9%. The efficiency of use of metabolizable energy for pregnancy was 14.1%. Furthermore, net energy requirement for pregnancy was different from zero from day 70 of pregnancy onwards. In conclusion, net energy and metabolizable energy requirements for maintenance of non-pregnant cows are different from pregnant cows. Furthermore, we believe that the proposed non-linear equations to estimate net energy requirements for pregnancy are more adequate than current NRC equation, and should be recommended for Holstein × Gyr cows. Made available in DSpace on 2021-08-12T13:01:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Energy-requirements.pdf: 2302093 bytes, checksum: 163b1a1345da2baa004350b73711a5bb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2020

The objectives of this study were: 1) to classify animals into groups of high and low feed efficiency using two feed efficiency indexes (Residual feed intake (RFI) and residual feed intake and body weight gain (RIG)), and 2) to evaluate if pre-weaning heifer calves divergent for feed efficiency indexes exhibit differences in performance, body measurements, digestibility, energy partitioning, and nitrogen partitioning. A total of 32 Gyr heifer calves were enrolled in a 63-d trial and classified into two feed efficiency (FE) groups based on RFI and RIG (mean ± 0.5 SD). The groups were classified as high efficiency (HE) RFI (HE RFI, n = 9; HE RIG, n = 10), and low efficiency (LE) RFI (LE RFI, n = 10; LE RIG, n = 11). The remaining animals were classified as intermediate (n = 13 (RFI) and n = 11 (RIG)). HE and LE calves had RFI values of?0.052 and 0.049 kg/d (P < 0.05), respectively. The HE RFI group consumed 8.9% less solid diet than the LE RFI group. HE RFI animals exhibited an increased digestibility of crude protein and ether extract and tended to have greater total dry and organic matter digestibility. LE RFI animals had greater gross energy and nitrogen intake, though greater fecal losses resulted in a tendency to reduce energy and nitrogen use efficiency. HE and LE calves had RIG values of 0.080 and -0.077kg/d (P ? 0.01), respectively. HE RIG animals exhibited greater average daily gain (9.4%), body weight (BW), and heart girth, though HE RIG group exhibited narrower hip width. HE RIG animals tended to have greater ether extract digestibility but greater methane losses (% of gross energy). HE RFI in pre-weaning heifers seems to be related to differences in digestibility. Divergent animals for RIG during the assessed phase appear to differ in body measurements, which may be related to differences in the composition of the gain. Made available in DSpace on 2020-01-13T18:15:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ArtigoPlosOneSamariniRelationship.pdf: 1512277 bytes, checksum: 1a93b88921d623ad143f3b5f3c06ef7d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2019

Made available in DSpace on 2019-12-30T18:09:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 fvets0600295.pdf: 696838 bytes, checksum: f0476dd0d4abf4e1d3001177db2cb401 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2019

Avaliou-se o padrão de fermentação de silagens do híbrido de sorgo forrageiro BR 601 com ou sem aditivos. Foram adotados os tratamentos: silagem sem aditivo (testemunha) e silagens adicionadas com 0,5% de uréia, 0,5% de carbonato de cálcio, 0,5% de uréia mais 0,5% de carbonato de cálcio e com inoculante bacteriano. Os materiais foram ensilados em silos de “PVC” e abertos com um, três, cinco, sete, 14, 28 e 56 dias de ensilagem. Determinaram-se as variações nos teores de matéria seca (MS), os teores de fibra em detergente neutro (FDN), hemicelulose, celulose, fibra em detergente ácido (FDA), lignina e a digestibilidade “in vitro” da MS (DIVMS). Adotou-se o delineamento inteiramente casualizado, em um esquema fatorial 5 x 7, sendo as médias comparadas pelo teste SNK a 5%. As silagens tratadas com a associação entre uréia e carbonato de cálcio apresentaram as maiores perdas de MS. Os aditivos não promoveram alterações nos teores de FDN, hemicelulose e celulose e na DIVMS. Ocorreu diferença entre a silagem testemunha e as silagens com aditivo, com a evolução do processo fermentativo, quanto aos teores de FDA e lignina.

Avaliaram-se quatro híbridos experimentais e duas cultivares comerciais de Sorghum bicolor cv bicolor x Sorghum bicolor cv sudanense quanto às características agronômicas: produções de matéria verde por hectare (MV/ha), matéria seca (MS/ha), altura das plantas, número de plantas/ha, taxa de rebrota e relação folha/haste. Os plantios ocorreram na transição do período seco para o período chuvoso. Os híbridos foram submetidos a três cortes sucessivos, realizados em duas épocas de plantio. Foi empregado um delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso e a comparação de médias foi efetuada pelo teste de SNK, a 5% de probabilidade. Os híbridos estudados não diferiram para a maioria das características avaliadas, com exceção da população de plantas, em que o híbrido experimental ATF 54 x CMSXS 912, com 848 mil plantas/há, foi semelhante (P>0,05) aos híbridos testemunhas (comerciais) AG2501C, com 780 mil plantas/ha, e ao BRS800, com 749 mil plantas/ha, sendo superior (P

Made available in DSpace on 2016-02-22T13:10:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Cnpgl2015CadTecVetZootNutricao.pdf: 935580 bytes, checksum: 4059c77324be5825686b4710b0c744ef (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-19

Background: The Bladder Cancer Index (BCI) is so far the only instrument applicable across all bladder cancer patients, independent of tumor infiltration or treatment applied. We developed a Spanish version of the BCI, and assessed its acceptability and metric properties. Methods: For the adaptation into Spanish we used the forward and back-translation method, expert panels, and cognitive debriefing patient interviews. For the assessment of metric properties we used data from 197 bladder cancer patients from a multi-center prospective study. The Spanish BCI and the SF-36 Health Survey were self-administered before and 12 months after treatment. Reliability was estimated by Cronbach's alpha. Construct validity was assessed through the multi-trait multi-method matrix. The magnitude of change was quantified by effect sizes to assess responsiveness. Results: Reliability coefficients ranged 0.75-0.97. The validity analysis confirmed moderate associations between the BCI function and bother subscales for urinary (r = 0.61) and bowel (r = 0.53) domains; conceptual independence among all BCI domains (r ≤ 0.3); and low correlation coefficients with the SF-36 scores, ranging 0.14-0.48. Among patients reporting global improvement at follow-up, pre-post treatment changes were statistically significant for the urinary domain and urinary bother subscale, with effect sizes of 0.38 and 0.53. Conclusions: The Spanish BCI is well accepted, reliable, valid, responsive, and similar in performance compared to the original instrument. These findings support its use, both in Spanish and international studies, as a valuable and comprehensive tool for assessing quality of life across a wide range of bladder cancer patients.

Background: The Bladder Cancer Index (BCI) is so far the only instrument applicable across all bladder cancer patients, independent of tumor infiltration or treatment applied. We developed a Spanish version of the BCI, and assessed its acceptability and metric properties. Methods: For the adaptation into Spanish we used the forward and back-translation method, expert panels, and cognitive debriefing patient interviews. For the assessment of metric properties we used data from 197 bladder cancer patients from a multi-center prospective study. The Spanish BCI and the SF-36 Health Survey were self-administered before and 12 months after treatment. Reliability was estimated by Cronbach’s alpha. Construct validity was assessed through the multi-trait multi-method matrix. The magnitude of change was quantified by effect sizes to assess responsiveness./nResults: Reliability coefficients ranged 0.75-0.97. The validity analysis confirmed moderate associations between the BCI function and bother subscales for urinary (r = 0.61) and bowel (r = 0.53) domains; conceptual independence among all BCI domains (r ≤ 0.3); and low correlation coefficients with the SF-36 scores, ranging 0.14-0.48. Among patients reporting global improvement at follow-up, pre-post treatment changes were statistically significant for the urinary domain and urinary bother subscale, with effect sizes of 0.38 and 0.53. Conclusions: The Spanish BCI is well accepted, reliable, valid, responsive, and similar in performance compared to the original instrument. These findings support its use, both in Spanish and international studies, as a valuable and comprehensive tool for assessing quality of life across a wide range of bladder cancer patients. This work was supported by grants from Instituto de Salud Carlos III FEDER(PS09/02139; PS09/01204; PS09/01619; PS09/02555; PI12/00772) and from AGAUR (2012FI_B1 00177; 2009 SGR 1095).