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9. Clinical profiles of people enrolling in alcohol and other drug treatment in Australia: Do youth differ from young adults and adults?

Author

Campbell, Gabrielle, Pocuca, Nina, Newland, Grace, Ellem, Rhiannon, Glasgow, Sophia, Dignan, Julie, Stokes, Holly, and Hides, Leanne

Subjects
*MENTAL illness, *YOUNG adults, *AGE groups, *SUBSTANCE abuse, *SOCIAL factors
Abstract

Introduction: To examine and compare age groups on socio‐demographic, substance use, mental health, social and risk behaviour profiles of people entering alcohol and other drug (AOD) treatment in a large non‐government organisation (NGO) in Queensland and New South Wales, Australia. Methods: Design—Cross‐sectional study; analysis of baseline routine outcome measures (ROM) and AOD minimum datasets for drug and alcohol treatment services. Setting and participants—People enrolling in Lives Lived Well, a large NGO AOD service between November 2020 and October 2022. Main outcome measures—Socio‐demographic, substance use, mental health, social factors and risk behaviours, by youth (≤24 years), young adults (25–35 years) and adults (>35 years). Results: Between November 2020 and October 2022, 9413 clients enrolled in Lives Lived Well (LLW) AOD services and completed baseline ROMs. Over one‐fifth (21.9%) were youth (n = 2066), one‐third (32.4%) were young adults (n = 3052) and just under half (45.6%) were adults >35 years (n = 4295). The most common primary drug of concern was cannabis for youth, methamphetamine for young adults and alcohol for adults >35 years. Nearly two‐thirds (61.3%) reported moderate to severe symptoms of depression and 55.0% reported moderate to severe anxiety. Just under half (47.2%) screened positive for PTSD and two‐in‐five (40.4%) reported recent suicidal ideation. Co‐occurring mental health symptoms were more common in youth compared with young adults and adults >35 years. Discussion and Conclusions: Co‐occurring mental health symptoms were high in the sample, particularly among youth. All age groups present with unique and complex socio‐demographic and clinical profiles that are important to understand to provide the most appropriate and effective treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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18. Clinical Observation, Management and Function Of low back pain Relief Therapies (COMFORT): A cluster randomised controlled trial protocol

Author

Abdel Shaheed, Christina, primary, Ivers, Rowena, additional, Vizza, Lisa, additional, McLachlan, Andrew, additional, Kelly, Patrick J, additional, Blyth, Fiona, additional, Stanaway, Fiona, additional, Clare, Philip James, additional, Thompson, Rachel, additional, Lung, Thomas, additional, Degenhardt, Louisa, additional, Reid, Sharon, additional, Martin, Bradley, additional, Wright, Michael, additional, Osman, Rawa, additional, French, Simon, additional, McCaffery, Kirsten, additional, Campbell, Gabrielle, additional, Jenkins, Hazel, additional, Mathieson, Stephanie, additional, Boogs, Monika, additional, McMaugh, Jarrod, additional, Bennett, Carol, additional, and Maher, Christopher, additional

Published
2023
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31. Commentary on Yang et al.: The need for a renewed focus on identifying and responding to chronic pain among people with substance use disorders.

Author

Campbell, Gabrielle and Larance, Briony

Subjects
*SUBSTANCE abuse, *PAIN measurement, *CHRONIC pain, *OPIOID analgesics, *PAIN management
Abstract

The authors comment on a study by J. Yang and colleagues which provided estimates of the prevalence of current pain and chronic pain among the specific group of people seeking or receiving opioid agonist treatment (OAT). Topics include association between chronic pain and a greater risk of unemployment and more severe mental health symptoms compared to people without chronic pain and barriers that are probably greater among people entering treatment for substance use disorders.

Published
2024
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37. LONGER TERM OUTCOMES FOR PHARMACEUTICAL OPIOID DEPENDENCE: 12 MONTH FINDINGS FROM AN IN-TREATMENT COHORT: Paper 30

Author

NIELSEN, SUZANNE, LARANCE, BRIONY, LINTZERIS, NICHOLAS, HOLLIDAY, SIMON, VANDERHAVEN, MICHAEL, HORDERN, ANTONIA, DUNLOP, ADRIAN, HABER, PAUL S., MURNION, BRIDIN, SILSBURY, CATHERINE, JOHNSON, JENNIFER, DEMIRKOL, APO, SADLER, CRAIG, PHUNG, NGHI, CAMPBELL, GABRIELLE, FARRELL, MICHAEL, COHEN, MILTON, BRUNO, RAIMONDO, HARDY, MARK, BROWN, AMANDA, HOUSEMAN, JENNIE, and DEGENHARDT, LOUISA

Published
2015

42. Association of Opioid Agonist Treatment With All-Cause Mortality and Specific Causes of Death Among People With Opioid Dependence

Author

Santo, Thomas, primary, Clark, Brodie, additional, Hickman, Matt, additional, Grebely, Jason, additional, Campbell, Gabrielle, additional, Sordo, Luis, additional, Chen, Aileen, additional, Tran, Lucy Thi, additional, Bharat, Chrianna, additional, Padmanathan, Prianka, additional, Cousins, Grainne, additional, Dupouy, Julie, additional, Kelty, Erin, additional, Muga, Roberto, additional, Nosyk, Bohdan, additional, Min, Jeong, additional, Pavarin, Raimondo, additional, Farrell, Michael, additional, and Degenhardt, Louisa, additional

Published
2021
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46. Crime, drugs and distress: patterns of drug use and harm among criminally involved injecting drug users in Australia

Author

Kinner, Stuart A., George, Jessica, Campbell, Gabrielle, and Degenhardt, Louisa

Subjects
Intravenous drug abuse -- Demographic aspects, Intravenous drug abuse -- Psychological aspects, Intravenous drug abuse -- Social aspects, Criminal behavior -- Research, Health
Abstract

Objective: Explore demographic characteristics, patterns of drug use and psychological distress among regular injecting drug users (IDUs) in Australia, as a function of recent criminal activity. Methods: Structured, face-to-face interviews with 909 regular IDUs recruited from every capital city in Australia, between June and August 2007, as part of the annual Illicit Drug Reporting System (IDRS). Criminal activity in the past month was assessed using the Opiate Treatment Index (OTI); psychological distress was assessed using the Kessler psychological distress scale (K10). Results: Forty-three per cent of IDUs reported recent (past month) criminal activity. Those who had committed crime recently were younger, exhibited riskier patterns of drug use, reported more drug-related problems and were more likely to exhibit significant psychological distress. In a multivariate model the most important correlates of recent criminal activity were use of more than three drug types recently (OR=2.66, 95% CI 1.96-3.61), initiation to injecting before age 18 (OR=1.93, 95% CI 1.42-2.61) and daily drug injection (OR=1.55, 95% CI 1.13-2.13). Conclusions and Implications: Criminal activity among regular IDUs in Australia is not restricted to a particular demographic group, and is a marker for riskier patterns of drug use, greater drug-related harm and psychological distress. Contact between IDUs and the criminal justice system provides opportunities for the delivery of targeted harm reduction messages, and for screening and diversion into appropriate treatment services. Key words: crime, substance abuse, intravenous, mental health, harm reduction. doi: 10.1111/j.1753-6405.2009.00379.x

Published
2009

47. Pharmaceutical Opioid Use Patterns and Indicators of Extramedical Use and Harm in Adults With Chronic Noncancer Pain, 2012-2018

Author

Degenhardt, Louisa, primary, Hungerford, Phillip, additional, Nielsen, Suzanne, additional, Bruno, Raimondo, additional, Larance, Briony, additional, Clare, Philip J., additional, Dobbins, Timothy, additional, Hall, Wayne, additional, Cohen, Milton, additional, Blyth, Fiona, additional, Lintzeris, Nicholas, additional, Farrell, Michael, additional, and Campbell, Gabrielle, additional

Published
2021
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48. Quantifying the social costs of pharmaceutical opioid misuse and illicit opioid use to Australia in 2015/16

Author

Makate, Marshall, Whetton, Steve, Tait, Robert, Chrzanowska,, Agata, Donnelly, Neil, McEntee, Alice, Muhktar, Aqif, Zahra, Emma, Campbell, Gabrielle, Degenhardt, Louisa, Dey, Tania, Halim, Suraya Abdul, Hall, Wayne, Norman, Richard, Peacok, Amy, Roche, Ann, Allsop, Steve, Makate, Marshall, Whetton, Steve, Tait, Robert, Chrzanowska,, Agata, Donnelly, Neil, McEntee, Alice, Muhktar, Aqif, Zahra, Emma, Campbell, Gabrielle, Degenhardt, Louisa, Dey, Tania, Halim, Suraya Abdul, Hall, Wayne, Norman, Richard, Peacok, Amy, Roche, Ann, and Allsop, Steve

Abstract

In recent decades the range and patterns of opioids used for extra-medical purposes have changed. The use of pharmaceutical opioids exceeds the use of heroin. In 2017, 63 percent of opioid deaths were attributed exclusively to pharmaceutical opioids, 28 percent to illicit opioids and 8 percent to both illicit and pharmaceutical opioids (aged 15-64 years). The objective of this report was to estimate the social costs arising from extra-medical opioid use in Australia for the financial year 2015/16. Due to data limitations in most cases we only estimated the costs occurring in this 12 month period. For example, on-going care of chronic conditions was not included. The exceptions to this were for certain harms which occurred in 2015/16 but which had longer-term ramifications, for example premature deaths, where discounted streams of future costs (lost economic activity and lost contributions to household chores) and partially offsetting savings (future health expenditure ’avoided’ by premature deaths) were estimated. The authors also included the long-term costs of road traffic accidents, as were the expected future costs of opioid attributable imprisonment for those sentenced in 2015/16.

Published
2020

49. Development of a Brief Patient-Administered Screening Tool for Prescription Opioid Dependence for Primary Care Settings

Author

Nielsen, Suzanne, Picco, Louisa, Campbell, Gabrielle, Lintzeris, Nicholas, Larance, Briony K, Farrell, Michael, Degenhardt, Louisa, Bruno, Raimondo, Nielsen, Suzanne, Picco, Louisa, Campbell, Gabrielle, Lintzeris, Nicholas, Larance, Briony K, Farrell, Michael, Degenhardt, Louisa, and Bruno, Raimondo

Abstract

2019 American Academy of Pain Medicine. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com. OBJECTIVE: To develop a short, patient-administered screening tool that will allow for earlier assessment of prescription opioid dependence (often referred to as addiction) in primary care settings. DESIGN AND SETTING: Cross-sectional analysis (N = 1,134) from the two-year time point of the Pain and Opioids IN Treatment (POINT) cohort was used in the scale development. SUBJECTS: Participants who completed two-year interviews in the POINT study, a prospective cohort study that followed people with chronic noncancer pain over a five-year period, and who were prescribed strong opioids for a minimum of six weeks at baseline. METHODS: An advisory committee provided advice on wording and content for screening in primary care settings. Univariate logistic regression identified individual items that were significantly associated with meeting ICD-11 criteria for prescription opioid dependence. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis (EFA and CFA) were conducted, and items were reduced to identify a small item set that were discriminative and shared a simple underlying structure. RESULTS: Sixty-four variables associated with ICD-11 criteria for prescription opioid dependence were initially identified. Four rounds of EFA were performed, resulting in five items remaining. CFA identified two possible four-item combinations, with the final combination chosen based on greater item endorsement and the results of goodness-of-fit indices. CONCLUSIONS: Addressing prescription opioid dependence is an important part of the global public health challenge surrounding rising opioid-related harm. This study addresses an important initial requisite step to develop a brief screening tool. Further studies are required to validate the tool in clinical settings.

Published
2020

50. Clinical correlates and outcomes associated with pregabalin use among people prescribed opioids for chronic non‐cancer pain: A five‐year prospective cohort study

Author

Nielsen, Suzanne, primary, Gisev, Natasa, additional, Leung, Janni, additional, Clare, Philip, additional, Bruno, Raimondo, additional, Lintzeris, Nicholas, additional, Larance, Briony, additional, Blyth, Fiona, additional, Hall, Wayne, additional, Cohen, Milton, additional, Degenhardt, Louisa, additional, Farrell, Michael, additional, and Campbell, Gabrielle, additional

Published
2021
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