248 results on '"Campbell, BJ"'
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2. System-driven gaps in information transfer for residents of aged care : a mixed method document analysis
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Campbell, BJ
- Abstract
Due to our ageing population, emergency departments (ED) in acute care facilities are dealing with increased transfers of residents from Residential Aged Care Facilities (RACF). These patients are at risk of acts of provision of unwanted treatments, omission of care, and adverse outcomes including increased mortality directly associated with gaps in transfer information. For at least 30 years, research has attempted to address this frequency of information gaps, which in general are thought to be stemming from RACFs. Research to date has largely focused on identifying and quantifying gaps to highlight the magnitude of the problem, and on developing localised transitional minimum datasets. Further attempts have been made to define the appropriateness of transfer and the subsequent impacts of transfer on ED length of stay. As a result, numerous paper and electronic information transfer tools have been introduced. New transfer forms and formats have led to some success in improving the amount of documentation transferred with residents to ED. However, this has not been sustained over time, and there has been little agreement toward developing a uniform mandated transitional minimum dataset. Despite the focus on transfer documents and information gaps there is a dearth of research looking at clinician authorship or clinician documentation practices during transfer, and few studies include ambulance services and their role in information transfer. The aim of this study is to identify practice contributing to the stubbornness of information gaps in the transfer of aged residents from RACF to ED via ambulance. This study examined documents and clinician documentation practices as implemented across transfer from RACF via ambulance to emergency. A pragmatic approach guided the research design. Retrospective document review was used to examine the connection between documents, document content, the sites of practice and the practices of clinicians undertaking transfer of RACF residents. This approach acknowledged documents as collectively social products that represent organisations and users, and therefore also organisational work and work-practice complexities. Electronically scanned documents used across transfer by RACFs, the ambulance service and emergency triage were accessed via the study hospital’s digital medical record system. The digital medical record provided easy access to information from all three groups of interest. Collection of transfer documents and transfer narratives from the same sources and transfer episodes facilitated examination of the relationship of documents to documentation and vice versa, as well as of the trackability of episodic transfer information across organisations. Samples were drawn from 89 transfers undertaken between 1 December 2013 and 31 January 2014. Eighty of these cases met the selection criteria. Data samples collected were: all transfer document types sent from RACFs, all electronic ambulance case records, and all ED triage documents, resulting in 240 cross-facility transfer episodes. From these, 199 verbatim free-text narratives authored by clinicians facilitating each transfer were collected. In addition, 48 yellow transfer envelopes used for transfer by RACFs (not available in the digital medical record) were also collected. A mixed method convergent parallel study design was employed in which quantitative and qualitative data are collected in parallel, analysed separately and then brought together in discussion. Practice Theory was selected as the primary lens for qualitative analysis, applying the concepts of doings, sayings and teleoaffectivity with the concepts of zooming in and zooming out to the overall interconnected web of transfer. Transfer narratives were quantitatively examined for standardisation of salient information using a common handover mnemonic, SBAR (Situation, Background, Assessment, Recommendation or Request). Results identified the foci of information and the presence or absence of salient information in transfer narratives, enabling theorisation of how information is cued by the design of tools and situational context in each of the three groups of interest. The findings showed that consistency, availability and predictability of information were negatively affected by a lack of standardisation of RACF transfer information, despite ambulance and ED triage documents being reasonably standardised. The different contextual perspectives of the three organisations gave rise to different information foci: RACF staff focused on access to resources; ambulance staff focused on identifying a primary physiological concern; and ED triage staff focused on aligning physiological issues with numerical scales of urgency. This thesis makes a novel contribution to understanding why information gaps from RACF to ED persist. All of the transfer tools in use were found to be predominately designed as records of care/event, rather than as information sharing tools that accommodate complex information. The results also show that socio-contextual practices narrowly focus narratives on the activities of the author, or on the context of the situation, to the exclusion of other relevant information. Information intended to avert risk is reliant on experiential prediction and subsequent experiential interpretation of the narrative. Transfers fitting the popular expectations of acute ED services are carried out with surprisingly little transfer information, often relying on implicit mutuality. However, resourcerelated transfers that have limited mutual consensus or underlying agreement pre-condition extensive justifications from RACFs to legitimise transfer, because the usual accepted services of the ED are pre-emptively broadened or strained. The detail of the narrative has little bearing on the type, completeness or availability of additional documents sent by RACF in transfer. Because each of these practices (mutuality and extensive narration and argument) work (i.e. the goal of transfer is successfully enacted) there is little incentive for RACFs to standardise practice. Ambulance case narratives implied on-site verbal exchanges between RACFs and paramedics, and generated content capable of filling some information gaps. This finding substantiated the value of the ambulance document and narrative and suggests that it may be a starting point on which to base an interdisciplinary information bridging tool. This study concludes that current transfer tools used by RACF, ambulance services and ED triage generate site-oriented information with little incentive for collaboration or social exchange. The results of this study have the potential to reduce information gaps common across transfer at the clinical, policy and system design levels. More importantly, these findings have the potential to improve continuity and safety for RACF residents transferred to ED.
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- 2018
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3. Quality Standards of Laser Grading for Border Check Irrigation
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Conference on Agricultural Engineering (1984 : Bundaberg, Qld.), Campbell, BJ, Elliot, PJ, and Rendell, RJ
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- 1984
4. MUCOSA-ASSOCIATED E. COLI ISOLATES FROM INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE AND COLORECTAL CANCER PATIENTS ACTIVATE WNT/BETA-CATENIN SIGNALLING IN VITRO AND IN VIVO
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Meehan, B, Campbell, BJ, and Rhodes, JM
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- 2016
5. INFLUENCE OF IRON SUPPLEMENTATION ON THE NATURAL HISTORY OF COLITIS
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Mahalhal, A, Campbell, BJ, Pritchard, DM, and Probert, CS
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- 2016
6. CROHN'S DISEASE MUCOSA-ASSOCIATED E. COLI SHOW BETTER TOLERANCE OF A SUPEROXIDATIVE STRESS ENVIRONMENT, THAT MIMICS CONDITIONS INSIDE MACROPHAGE PHAGOLYSOSOMES
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Tawfik, AT, Rhodes, JM, and Campbell, BJ
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- 2016
7. OC-044 Mucosa-Associated E.coli Isolates from Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Colorectal Cancer Patients Activate Wnt/Beta-Catenin Signalling in vitro and in vivo
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Meehan, B, primary, Campbell, BJ, additional, and Rhodes, JM, additional
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- 2016
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8. PWE-002 Crohn’s Disease Mucosa-Associated E. Coli Show Better Tolerance of A Superoxidative Stress Environment, that Mimics Conditions Inside Macrophage Phagolysosomes
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Tawfik, AT, primary, Rhodes, JM, additional, and Campbell, BJ, additional
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- 2016
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9. PTU-047 Anti-CD3 Antibody Induces T-Cell Mediated Apoptosis and Shedding of Murine Small Intestinal Epithelial Cells
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Elramli, AH, primary, Duckworth, CA, additional, Campbell, BJ, additional, and Pritchard, DM, additional
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- 2016
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10. PTH-051 Influence of Iron Supplementation on The Natural History of Colitis
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Mahalhal, A, primary, Campbell, BJ, additional, Pritchard, DM, additional, and Probert, CS, additional
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- 2016
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11. PTU-062 Crohn’s Disease-associated Escherichia Coli Can Tolerate Low Nutrient, Low Ph And High Chemical Stress Environments Encountered Within The Phagolysosome Of Mucosal Macrophages
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Tawfik, A, primary, Rhodes, JM, additional, and Campbell, BJ, additional
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- 2014
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12. PTH-140 Soluble Plantain Fibre Inhibits The Epithelial Adhesion Of Diarrhoeal Pathogens Clostridium Difficile, Salmonella And Enterotoxigenic E. Coli (etec) Through Interaction With The Intestinal Epithelium
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Simpson, H, primary, Keita, Å. V., additional, Söderholm, JD, additional, Rhodes, JM, additional, and Campbell, BJ, additional
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- 2014
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13. PWE-091 Crohn’s Disease Monocyte-derived Macrophages Exhibit Equivalent Responses To Intramacrophage Bacterial Infection Relative To Healthy Controls
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Flanagan, PK, primary, Subramanian, S, additional, Campbell, BJ, additional, and Rhodes, JM, additional
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- 2014
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14. Characterization of a novel simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) from L'Hoest monkeys (Cercopithecus l'hoesti):Implications for the origins of SIVmnd and other primate lentiviruses
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Hirsch, VM, Campbell, BJ, Bailes, E, Goeken, R, Brown, C, Elkins, WR, Axthelm, M, Murphey-Corb, M, and Sharp, PM
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PROVIRAL DNA ,SYKES MONKEYS ,SOOTY MANGABEYS ,animal diseases ,virus diseases ,GENETIC DIVERSITY ,AFRICAN-GREEN MONKEYS ,TANTALUS MONKEYS ,CROSS-SPECIES TRANSMISSION ,HIGHLY DIVERGENT ,SEQUENCE ,WILD-CAPTURED CHIMPANZEE - Abstract
The human immunodeficiency virus types 1 and 2 (HIV-1 and HIV-2) appear to have originated by cross-species transmission of simian immunodeficiency virus (SN) from asymptomatically infected African primates. Few of the SIVs characterized to date efficiently infect human primary lymphocytes. Interesting, two of the three identified to infect such cultures (SIVsm and SIVcpz) have appeared in human populations as genetically related HIVs. In the present study, we characterized a novel SIV isolate from an East African monkey of the Cercopithecus genus, the l'hoest monkey (C. l'hoesti), which we designated SIVlhoest. This SN isolate efficiently infected both human and macaque lymphocytes and resulted in a persistent infection of macaques, characterized by high primary virus load and a progressive decline in circulating CD4 lymphocytes, consistent with progression to AIDS. Phylogenetic analyses showed that SIVIhoest is genetically distinct from other previously characterized primate lentiviruses but clusters in the same major lineage as SIV from mandrills (SIVmnd), a West African primate species. Given the geographic distance between the ranges of l'hoest monkeys and mandrills, this may indicate that SIVmnd arose through cross-species transmission from close relatives of l'hoest monkeys that are sympatric with mandrills. These observations lend support to the hypothesis that the primate lentiviruses originated and coevolved within monkeys of the Cercopithecus genus. Regarded in this light, lentivirus infections of primates not belonging to the Cercopithecus genus may have resulted from cross-species transmission in the not-too-distant past.
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- 1999
15. Temporal changes in bacterial rRNA and rRNA genes in Delaware (USA) coastal waters
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Campbell, BJ, primary, Yu, L, additional, Straza, TRA, additional, and Kirchman, DL, additional
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- 2009
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16. Tnf-α Decreases the Sulphation of Mucins and CD44 in Human Colonic Epithelial Cells; an Effect which May Explain the Low Mucosal Sulphation Seen in Inflammatory Bowel Disease
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Oxley, C, primary, Singh, R, additional, Rhodes, JM, additional, and Campbell, BJ, additional
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- 2000
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17. Identification of peanut lectin in peripheral venous blood after peanut ingestion
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Wang, Q, primary, Yu, LG, additional, Campbell, BJ, additional, Milton, JD, additional, and Rhodes, JM, additional
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- 1998
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18. Identification of Lewisx-Binding Lectin on Gastric AGS Cells Relevant to Helicobacter Pylori-Binding
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Rogerson, K, primary, Sunderland, D, additional, Campbell, BJ, additional, and Rhodes, JM, additional
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- 1998
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19. Regulated expression of GATA-6 transcription factor in gastric endocrine cells
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Dimaline, R, primary, Campbell, BJ, additional, Watson, F, additional, Sandvik, AK, additional, Struthers, J, additional, and Noble, PJ, additional
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- 1997
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20. Demonstration of a fMLP-Receptor and the Stimulation of Mucin Synthesis by fMLP in the Methotrexate-Differentiated Colorectal Cell-line, HT29-MTX
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Jenkinson, MD, primary, Yu, L-G, additional, Rhodes, JM, additional, and Campbell, BJ, additional
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- 1997
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21. Evaluation of the potential for pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic drug interactions between selegiline transdermal system and two sympathomimetic agents (pseudoephedrine and phenlypropanolamine) in healthy volunteers.
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Azzaro AJ, VanDenBerg CM, Ziemniak J, Kemper EM, Blob LF, and Campbell BJ
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Selegiline transdermal system is a recently approved monoamine oxidase inhibitor antidepressant. Medications that inhibit monoamine oxidase type A can augment the pressor effects of sympathomimetic amines, increasing the potential for hypertensive crisis. This study examined the potential for drug-drug interactions during treatment with selegiline transdermal system and pseudoephedrine or phenylpropanolamine. Two studies were conducted with 25 healthy volunteers to assess changes in blood pressure and heart rate during administration of pseudoephedrine or phenylpropanolamine alone or together with selegiline transdermal system. No significant differences in mean maximum changes in vital signs occurred with pseudoephedrine. No significant differences were found in mean maximum changes in systolic heart rate with phenylpropanolamine; however, 4 of 12 subjects each experienced 1 isolated protocol-defined minimal pressor response without concurrent adverse effects (1 with phenylpropanolamine alone; 3 with phenylpropanolamine + selegiline transdermal system). Pharmacokinetic parameters obtained following selegiline transdermal system and pseudoephedrine or phenylpropanolamine were unremarkable. The results suggest that selegiline transdermal system 6 mg/24 h does not significantly alter the pharmacodynamics or pharmacokinetics of either pseudoephedrine or phenylpropanolamine when administered to healthy volunteers; however, it is prudent to avoid coadministration of selegiline transdermal system and sympathomimetics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2007
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22. Selegiline Transdermal System: An Examination of the Potential for CYP450-Dependent Pharmacokinetic Interactions With 3 Psychotropic Medications.
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Azzaro AJ, Ziemniak J, Kemper E, Campbell BJ, and Vandenberg C
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Selegiline transdermal system (STS) is a recently approved monoamine oxidase inhibitor antidepressant. This article reports results from 3 studies examining the potential for cytochrome P450-dependent pharmacokinetic interactions between STS and 3 psychotropic medications that might be coadministered. Three open-label, randomized, Latin square, 3-sequence crossover design studies were conducted with healthy volunteers to determine the pharmacokinetic parameters of STS 6 mg/24 h and test drug (alprazolam, olanzapine, or risperidone) when administered alone and concomitantly. All pharmacokinetic parameters of interest were unaltered following selegiline or test drug monotherapy when compared to concomitant therapy. This was confirmed by least squares mean ratios and their 90% confidence intervals of log(e)-transformed C(max) and AUC(tau) values, using either standard bioequivalence criteria of 80% to 125% or study-defined 70% to 143% boundary criteria. These results demonstrate that STS 6 mg/24 h may provide an antidepressant option that is unlikely to result in CYP450-mediated pharmacokinetic drug-drug interactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2007
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23. Bacteria in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease.
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Subramanian S, Campbell BJ, and Rhodes JM
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- 2006
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24. Tyramine Pressor Sensitivity During Treatment With the Selegiline Transdermal System 6 mg/24 h in Healthy Subjects.
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Azzaro AJ, Vandenberg CM, Blob LF, Kemper EM, Sharoky M, Oren DA, and Campbell BJ
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The oral tyramine pressor test was administered to healthy males during treatment with a selegiline transdermal system (STS; 6 mg/24 h). The tyramine sensitivity factor (TSF) was calculated from the ratio of baseline and on-treatment tyramine pressor doses. The tyramine sensitivity factor value following 9 days of treatment with the selegiline transdermal system was 1.85 +/- 0.10. Extended treatment, 33 days, produced a small, clinically nonmeaningful increase in this value. The tyramine sensitivity factor for the selegiline transdermal system was similar to that following treatment with 10 mg/d of oral selegiline capsules but more than 20 times less than observed during tranylcypromine treatment. A larger increase in the tyramine sensitivity factor was observed following extended selegiline transdermal system treatment at a higher dose (12 mg/24 h), which was significantly decreased following coadministration of tyramine capsules with a meal. These results suggest a wide tyramine safety margin for the selegiline transdermal system and provide evidence that the 6-mg/24-h selegiline transdermal system can be administered safely without dietary tyramine restrictions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2006
25. Oxygen tolerance of human intestinal anaerobes
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Rolfe, RD, primary, Hentges, DJ, additional, Barrett, JT, additional, and Campbell, BJ, additional
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- 1977
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26. Tnf-a Decreases the Sulphation of Mucins and CD44 in Human Colonic Epithelial Cells; an Effect which May Explain the Low Mucosal Sulphation Seen in Inflammatory Bowel Disease
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Oxley, C, Singh, R, Rhodes, JM, and Campbell, BJ
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- 2000
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27. Characterising molecular mechanisms of Crohn���s disease-associated Escherichia coli that enable their survival and replication within macrophages
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Tawfik, AT, Campbell, BJ, and Rhodes, JM
- Abstract
Mucosa-associated adherent, invasive Escherichia coli (AIEC), found in increased number in Crohn���s disease (CD) ileal and colonic mucosae, can survive and replicate within underlying host immune competent cells (e.g. macrophages and dendritic cells) without triggering host cell death. The intra-macrophage environment plays an essential role in bacterial killing where engulfed bacteria are exposed to a hostile environment of low pH, high levels of proteolytic/lysosomal enzymes, high nitrosative and high oxidative stress, and the activation of a respiratory burst with generation of superoxide ions. Although a few stress response genes have been identified that likely support the paradigm ileal AIEC isolate LF82 to survive and replicate within the macrophage, the key molecular mechanisms involved in supporting Crohn���s disease (CD) mucosa-associated AIEC to resist killing by host mucosal macrophages within harsh environment of the phagolysosome still remains largely unclear. Here we aimed to compare the ability of a number of E. coli strains to survive and replicate inside macrophages, including a number of clinical isolates (from CD, colorectal cancer (CRC) and ulcerative colitis (UC) patients and other infective or non-inflamed sources), and this to toleration of growth in chemical-induced stress conditions mimicking the intra-phagolysosome environment. In addition, a focus was to further understand the molecular mechanisms responsible for acid tolerance of the paradigm CD isolates and examine their replication within macrophages defective in NF-��B pathway signalling. Finally, to also assess whether CD AIEC possess ability to alter host oxidative stress response gene expression in macrophages to support their survival/replication. Both ileal and colonic CD isolates (AIEC) were found to possess ability to either survive and/or replicate within murine macrophages (i.e. J774-A1 cell-line and wild-type (WT) C57BL/6 bone marrow derived macrophages [BMDM]) and to tolerate all stress conditions mimicking those within the phagolysosome, e.g. low nutrient, high acid, high nitrosative, high oxidative stress including exposure to superoxide ions. Interestingly pathogenic E. coli isolates from urinary tract infection (UTI) and some healthy-mucosa associated E. coli strains behaved similarly. Crohn���s AIEC were unable to survive and replicate inside Nf��b1-/- and Nf��b2-/- BMDM, whilst they survived/replicated within WT and c-Rel-/- BMDM. Thus Crohn���s AIEC survival and replication appears dependent on host NF��B signalling within the macrophage. Conversely, all CRC and UC isolates tested and the majority of laboratory E. coli strains studied were unable to survive inside murine J774-A1 macrophage phagolysosomes and they were also intolerant to most stress conditions, in particular superoxidative stress. Colonic CD AIEC isolate HM605 showed higher initial levels of expression of acid response genes gadA and gadB that may support adaptation to the intra-macrophage phagolysosome niche. Adaptation to an intra-macrophage lifestyle appeared not to be through any ability to alter host macrophage oxidative stress response to infection as no differential changes were observed in the expression of 84 host genes related to oxidative stress to that seen with non-replicating laboratory E. coli strain. Overall this study provides new insight into how CD mucosa-associated E. coli isolates resist killing by mucosal macrophages through adaptation to the acidic, high oxidative environment within the macrophage phagolysosome. The data may support future development of new therapeutic strategies that target the fundamental pathology of CD, in particular support a reduction in bacterial persistence/increased killing of intra-macrophage E. coli in CD patient mucosae.
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- 2017
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28. Bacteria-Macrophage interactions in the Pathogenesis of Crohn���s Disease
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Flanagan, PK, rhodes, JM, and campbell, BJ
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- 2017
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29. Bacteria-induced Wnt signalling as a mechanism for malignant development in the intestinal epithelium
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Meehan, B, Campbell, BJ, Rhodes, J, and Winstanley, C
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- 2017
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30. The Role of Soluble Plant Fibres (Non-Starch Polysaccharides, NSP) in the Maintenance of Intestinal Health and Prevention of Diarrhoeal Disease
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Simpson, H, Campbell, BJ, and Rhodes, JM
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It has long been proposed that a high intake of dietary fibre promotes good intestinal health. Work performed previously by our research group suggests that soluble dietary fibre might have a particularly beneficial impact on intestinal health via its ability to inhibit potentially harmful interactions between bacterial pathogens and the gut epithelium. The aims of this thesis were to evaluate soluble plantain NSP for its ability to disrupt the epithelial interactions of diarrhoeal pathogens C. difficile and Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC), as well as other bacterial components implicated in diarrhoeal disease. Work was also performed to characterise the specific inhibitory fraction of plantain NSP, and in addition, to establish the molecular mechanism underlying its inhibitory activity. A range of soluble dietary fibres were shown to significantly inhibit the in vitro epithelial adhesion of C. difficile and ETEC, but out of all the fibres tested, soluble plantain NSP exhibited the highest efficacy. Plantain NSP also significantly inhibited the epithelial adhesion of eleven C. difficile clinical isolates, irrespective of their toxin expression or ribotype status. Furthermore, plantain NSP blocked the epithelial interactions of five purified C. difficile spore preparations. In addition to its anti-adhesive effects, soluble plantain NSP significantly down-regulated the pro-inflammatory, cytotoxicity and apoptotic response induced by C. difficile and its toxins. Similar effects were also found with respect to mucosally-associated E. coli isolated from ulcerative colitis (UC) patients, as well as bacterial components such as flagellin and LPS. Results demonstrated that the inhibitory activity of plantain NSP was mediated by its acidic polysaccharide fraction, which is mainly composed of pectic material. In addition, it was shown that soluble plantain disrupted bacterial-epithelial interactions via an interaction with the intestinal epithelium. Whilst plantain NSP induced increased cellular chloride secretion, this mechanism was not responsible for inhibitory activity. It was also hypothesised that plantain NSP might mimic intestinal MUC2 glycans by interacting with cell-surface galectin-3, with consequent nuclear localisation of β-catenin and down-regulation of inflammatory cytokines. Whilst plantain NSP was shown to induce activation of β-catenin, the knockdown of surface galectin-3 expression had no effect on inhibitory activity. Thus, the specific mechanism underlying the inhibitory activity of plantain NSP requires further investigation. This work supports the hypothesis that soluble plantain fibre can inhibit harmful interactions between bacteria and the human intestinal epithelium. Indeed, these studies provide convincing evidence to suggest that soluble plantain fibre, acting as a ‘contrabiotic’, could be developed as a potential prophylaxis or treatment against C. difficile and ETEC, which represent the main cause of antibiotic-associated diarrhoea and traveller’s diarrhoea, respectively. In addition, dietary supplementation with soluble plantain NSP may also confer a therapeutic benefit in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).
- Published
- 2016
31. Guidelines for communicating commensurate magnetic structures. A report of the International Union of Crystallography Commission on Magnetic Structures.
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Perez-Mato JM, Campbell BJ, Garlea VO, Damay F, Aurelio G, Avdeev M, Fernández-Díaz MT, Henriques MS, Khalyavin D, Lee S, Pomjakushin V, Terada N, Zaharko O, Campo J, Fabelo O, Litvin DB, Petricek V, Rayaprol S, Rodriguez-Carvajal J, and Von Dreele R
- Abstract
A report from the International Union of Crystallography Commission on Magnetic Structures outlining the recommendations for communicating commensurate magnetic structures.
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- 2024
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32. Chiral multiferroicity in two-dimensional hybrid organic-inorganic perovskites.
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Zheng H, Ghosh A, Swamynadhan MJ, Zhang Q, Wong WPD, Wu Z, Zhang R, Chen J, Cimpoesu F, Ghosh S, Campbell BJ, Wang K, Stroppa A, Mahendiran R, and Loh KP
- Abstract
Chiral multiferroics offer remarkable capabilities for controlling quantum devices at multiple levels. However, these materials are rare due to the competing requirements of long-range orders and strict symmetry constraints. In this study, we present experimental evidence that the coexistence of ferroelectric, magnetic orders, and crystallographic chirality is achievable in hybrid organic-inorganic perovskites [(R/S)-β-methylphenethylamine]
2 CuCl4 . By employing Landau symmetry mode analysis, we investigate the interplay between chirality and ferroic orders and propose a novel mechanism for chirality transfer in hybrid systems. This mechanism involves the coupling of non-chiral distortions, characterized by defining a pseudo-scalar quantity, ξ = p ⋅ r ( p represents the ferroelectric displacement vector and r denotes the ferro-rotational vector), which distinguishes between (R)- and (S)-chirality based on its sign. Moreover, the reversal of this descriptor's sign can be associated with coordinated transitions in ferroelectric distortions, Jahn-Teller antiferro-distortions, and Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya vectors, indicating the mediating role of crystallographic chirality in magnetoelectric correlations., (© 2024. The Author(s).)- Published
- 2024
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33. Computational Screening and Stabilization of Boron-Substituted Type-I and Type-II Carbon Clathrates.
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Bi T, Eggers BT, Cohen RE, Campbell BJ, and Strobel T
- Abstract
Boron substitution represents a promising approach to stabilize carbon clathrate structures, but no thermodynamically stable substitution schemes have been identified for frameworks other than the type-VII (sodalite) structure type. To investigate the possibility for additional tetrahedral carbon-based clathrate networks, more than 5000 unique boron decoration schemes were investigated computationally for type-I and type-II carbon clathrates with a range of guest elements including Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Mg, Ca, Sr, and Ba. Density functional theory calculations were performed at 10 and 50 GPa, and the stability and impact of boron substitution were evaluated. The results indicate that the boron-substituted carbon clathrates are stabilized under high-pressure conditions. Full cage occupancies of intermediate-sized guest atoms (e.g., Na, Ca, and Sr) are the most favorable energetically. Clathrate stability is maximized when the boron atoms are substituted within the hexagonal rings of the large [5
12 62 ]/[512 64 ] cages. Several structures with favorable formation enthalpies <-200 meV/atom were predicted, and type-I Ca8 B16 C30 is on the convex hull at 50 GPa. This structure represents the first thermodynamically stable type-I clathrate identified and suggests that boron-substituted carbon clathrates may represent a large family of diamond-like framework materials with a range of structure types and guest/framework substitutions.- Published
- 2024
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34. Electron Spin Decoherence Dynamics in Magnetic Manganese Hybrid Organic-Inorganic Crystals: The Effect of Lattice Dimensionality.
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Zheng H, Ghosh A, Swamynadhan MJ, Wang G, Zhang Q, Wu X, Abdelwahab I, Wong WPD, Xu QH, Ghosh S, Chen J, Campbell BJ, Stroppa A, Lin J, Mahendiran R, and Loh KP
- Abstract
Organic-inorganic metal hybrids with their tailorable lattice dimensionality and intrinsic spin-splitting properties are interesting material platforms for spintronic applications. While the spin decoherence process is extensively studied in lead- and tin-based hybrids, these systems generally show short spin decoherence lifetimes, and their correlation with the lattice framework is still not well-understood. Herein, we synthesized magnetic manganese hybrid single crystals of (4-fluorobenzylamine)
2 MnCl4 , (( R )-3-fluoropyrrolidinium)MnCl3 , and (pyrrolidinium)2 MnCl4 , which represent a change in lattice dimensionality from 2D and 1D to 0D, and studied their spin decoherence processes using continuous-wave electron spin resonance spectroscopy. All manganese hybrids exhibit nanosecond-scale spin decoherence time τ2 dominated by the symmetry-directed spin exchange interaction strengths of Mn2+ -Mn2+ pairs, which is much longer than lead- and tin-based metal hybrids. In contrast to the similar temperature variation laws of τ2 in 2D and 0D structures, which first increase and gradually drop afterward, the 1D structure presents a monotonous rise of τ2 with the temperatures, indicating the strong correlation of spin decoherence with the lattice rigidity of the inorganic framework. This is also rationalized on the basis that the spin decoherence is governed by the competitive contributions from motional narrowing (prolonging the τ2 ) and electron-phonon coupling interaction (shortening the τ2 ), both of which are thermally activated, with the difference that the former is more pronounced in rigid crystalline lattices.- Published
- 2023
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35. Gut bacteria of adult and larval Cotinis nitida Linnaeus (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) demonstrate community differences according to respective life stage and gut region.
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Kucuk RA, Campbell BJ, Lyon NJ, Shelby EA, and Caterino MS
- Abstract
The close association between bacteria and insect hosts has played an indispensable role in insect diversity and ecology. Thus, continued characterization of such insect-associated-microbial communities is imperative, especially those of saprophagous scarab beetles. The bacterial community of the digestive tract of adults and larvae of the cetoniine scarab species Cotinis nitida is characterized according to life stage, gut structure, and sex via high-throughput 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. Through permutational ANOVAs of the resulting sequences, bacterial communities of the digestive system are shown to differ significantly between adults and larvae in taxon richness, evenness and relatedness. Significant bacterial community-level differences are also observed between the midgut and hindgut in adult beetles, while no significant host-sex differences are observed. The partitioning between bacterial communities in the larval digestive system is shown through significant differences in two distinct hindgut regions, the ileum and the expanded paunch, but not between the midgut and ileum portion of the hindgut region. These data further corroborate the hypothesis of strong community partitioning in the gut of members of the Scarabaeoidea, suggest hypotheses of physiological-digestive association, and also demonstrate the presence of a seemingly unusual non-scarab-associated taxon. These findings contribute to a general portrait of scarabaeoid digestive tract bacterial communities while illuminating the microbiome of a common new world cetoniine of the Gymnetini-a tribe largely neglected in scarab and beetle microbiome and symbiosis literature., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2023 Kucuk, Campbell, Lyon, Shelby and Caterino.)
- Published
- 2023
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36. Effect of Probiotics in Breast Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
- Author
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Thu MS, Ondee T, Nopsopon T, Farzana IAK, Fothergill JL, Hirankarn N, Campbell BJ, and Pongpirul K
- Abstract
Probiotics may have the potential to protect against breast cancer, partly through systemic immunomodulatory action and active impact upon intestinal microbiota. Given a few clinical studies on their curative role, we conducted a systematic review of the potential effects of probiotics in breast cancer patients and survivors of breast cancer, aiming to support further clinical studies. A literature search was performed using PubMed, Embase, and the CENTRAL databases from inception through to March 2022. A total of eight randomized clinical trials were identified from thirteen articles published between 2004 and 2022. We evaluated quality-of-life measures, observed bacterial species and diversity indices, probiotic-related metabolites, inflammatory biomarkers, and other responses in breast cancer patients and survivors. Results were synthesized qualitatively and quantitatively using random-effects meta-analysis. Different probiotics supplements utilized included Lactobacillus species alone (Lacto), with or without estriol; probiotic combinations of Lactobacillus with Bifidobacterium (ProLB), with or without prebiotic fructooligosaccharides (FOS); ProLB plus Streptococcus and FOS (ProLBS + FOS); and ProLB plus Enterococcus (ProLBE). We found that use of ProLBS with FOS in breast cancer patients and use of ProLBE in survivors of breast cancer show potential benefits in countering obesity and dyslipidemia. ProLBS with FOS use decreases pro-inflammatory TNF-α in breast cancer survivors and improves quality of life in those with breast-cancer-associated lymphedema. Supplementing probiotics capsules (10
9 CFU) with a prebiotic and using an intake duration of 10 weeks could provide a better approach than probiotics alone., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest.- Published
- 2023
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37. Interleukin-10 Deficiency Impacts on TNF-Induced NFκB Regulated Responses In Vivo.
- Author
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Papoutsopoulou S, Pollock L, Williams JM, Abdul-Mahdi MMLF, Dobbash R, Duckworth CA, and Campbell BJ
- Abstract
Interleukin-10 (IL-10) is an anti-inflammatory cytokine that has a major protective role against intestinal inflammation. We recently revealed that intestinal epithelial cells in vitro regulate NFκB-driven transcriptional responses to TNF via an autocrine mechanism dependent on IL-10 secretion. Here in this study, we investigated the impact of IL-10 deficiency on the NFκB pathway and its downstream targets in the small intestinal mucosa in vivo. We observed dysregulation of TNF, IκBα, and A20 gene and protein expression in the small intestine of steady-state or TNF-injected Il10
-/- mice, compared to wild-type C57BL6/J counterparts. Upon TNF injection, tissue from the small intestine showed upregulation of NFκB p65[RelA] activity, which was totally diminished in Il10-/- mice and correlated with reduced levels of TNF, IκBα, and A20 expression. In serum, whilst IgA levels were noted to be markedly downregulated in IL-10-deficient- mice, normal levels of mucosal IgA were seen in intestine mucosa. Importantly, dysregulated cytokine/chemokine levels were observed in both serum and intestinal tissue lysates from naïve, as well as TNF-injected Il10-/- mice. These data further support the importance of the IL-10-canonical NFκB signaling pathway axis in regulating intestinal mucosa homeostasis and response to inflammatory triggers in vivo.- Published
- 2022
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38. Cross-inoculation of rhizobiome from a congeneric ruderal plant imparts drought tolerance in maize (Zea mays) through changes in root morphology and proteome.
- Author
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Zhang Z, Jatana BS, Campbell BJ, Gill J, Suseela V, and Tharayil N
- Subjects
- Crops, Agricultural metabolism, Endoplasmic Reticulum-Associated Degradation, Proteome metabolism, Stress, Physiological, Droughts, Zea mays metabolism
- Abstract
Rhizobiome confer stress tolerance to ruderal plants, yet their ability to alleviate stress in crops is widely debated, and the associated mechanisms are poorly understood. We monitored the drought tolerance of maize (Zea mays) as influenced by the cross-inoculation of rhizobiota from a congeneric ruderal grass Andropogon virginicus (andropogon-inoculum), and rhizobiota from organic farm maintained under mesic condition (organic-inoculum). Across drought treatments (40% field capacity), maize that received andropogon-inoculum produced two-fold greater biomass. This drought tolerance translated to a similar leaf metabolomic composition as that of the well-watered control (80% field capacity) and reduced oxidative damage, despite a lower activity of antioxidant enzymes. At a morphological-level, drought tolerance was associated with an increase in specific root length and surface area facilitated by the homeostasis of phytohormones promoting root branching. At a proteome-level, the drought tolerance was associated with upregulation of proteins related to glutathione metabolism and endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation process. Fungal taxa belonging to Ascomycota, Mortierellomycota, Archaeorhizomycetes, Dothideomycetes, and Agaricomycetes in andropogon-inoculum were identified as potential indicators of drought tolerance. Our study provides a mechanistic understanding of the rhizobiome-facilitated drought tolerance and demonstrates a better path to utilize plant-rhizobiome associations to enhance drought tolerance in crops., (© 2022 The Authors. The Plant Journal published by Society for Experimental Biology and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)
- Published
- 2022
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39. Enumeration and tabulation of magnetic (3+d)-dimensional superspace groups.
- Author
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Stokes HT and Campbell BJ
- Abstract
A magnetic superspace group (MSSG) simultaneously constrains both the magnetic and non-magnetic (e.g. displacive, occupational, rotation and strain) degrees of freedom of an incommensurately modulated magnetic crystal. We present the first enumeration and tabulation of all non-equivalent (3+d)-dimensional magnetic superspace groups for d = 1, 2 and 3 independent incommensurate modulations, along with a number, symbol and reference setting for each group. We explain the process for generating an exhaustive set of inequivalent magnetic superspace groups, describe several examples, and show how the tables can be accessed via the ISO(3+d)D interface within the ISOTROPY Software Suite. We recommend that published incommensurate magnetic structures indicate a magnetic superspace-group number and symbol from these tables, as well as the transformation matrix from the published group setting to the reference setting used in these tables.
- Published
- 2022
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40. Root metabolome of plant-arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis mirrors the mutualistic or parasitic mycorrhizal phenotype.
- Author
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Kaur S, Campbell BJ, and Suseela V
- Subjects
- Metabolome, Phenotype, Plant Roots physiology, Symbiosis, Mycorrhizae physiology
- Abstract
The symbiosis of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) with plants, the most ancient and widespread association, exhibits phenotypes that range from mutualism to parasitism. However, we still lack an understanding of the cellular-level mechanisms that differentiate and regulate these phenotypes. We assessed the modulation in growth parameters and root metabolome of two sorghum accessions inoculated with two AMF species (Rhizophagus irregularis, Gigaspora gigantea), alone and in a mixture under phosphorus (P) limiting conditions. Rhizophagus irregularis exhibited a mutualistic phenotype with increased P uptake and plant growth. This positive outcome was associated with a facilitatory metabolic response including higher abundance of organic acids and specialized metabolites critical to maintaining a functional symbiosis. However, G. gigantea exhibited a parasitic phenotype that led to plant growth depression and resulted in inhibitory plant metabolic responses including the higher abundance of p-hydroxyphenylacetaldoxime with antifungal properties. These findings suggest that the differential outcome of plant-AMF symbiosis could be regulated by or reflected in changes in the root metabolome that arises from the interaction of the plant species with the specific AMF species. A mutualistic symbiotic association prevailed when the host plants were exposed to a mixture of AMF. Our results provide a metabolome-level landscape of plant-AMF symbiosis and highlight the importance of the identity of both AMF and crop genotypes in facilitating a mutualistic AMF symbiosis., (© 2022 The Authors. New Phytologist © 2022 New Phytologist Foundation.)
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
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41. Effects of Human RelA Transgene on Murine Macrophage Inflammatory Responses.
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Papoutsopoulou S, Morris L, Bayliff A, Mair T, England H, Stagi M, Bergey F, Alam MT, Sheibani-Tezerji R, Rosenstiel P, Müller W, Martins Dos Santos VAP, and Campbell BJ
- Abstract
The NFκB transcription factors are major regulators of innate immune responses, and NFκB signal pathway dysregulation is linked to inflammatory disease. Here, we utilised bone marrow-derived macrophages from the p65-DsRedxp/IκBα-eGFP transgenic strain to study the functional implication of xenogeneic (human) RelA(p65) protein introduced into the mouse genome. Confocal imaging showed that human RelA is expressed in the cells and can translocate to the nucleus following activation of Toll-like receptor 4. RNA sequencing of lipid A-stimulated macrophages, revealed that human RelA impacts on murine gene transcription, affecting both non-NFκB and NFκB target genes, including immediate-early and late response genes, e.g., Fos and Cxcl10 . Validation experiments on NFκB targets revealed markedly reduced mRNA levels, but similar kinetic profiles in transgenic cells compared to wild-type. Enrichment pathway analysis of differentially expressed genes revealed interferon and cytokine signaling were affected. These immune response pathways were also affected in macrophages treated with tumor necrosis factor. Data suggests that the presence of xenogeneic RelA protein likely has inhibitory activity, altering specific transcriptional profiles of key molecules involved in immune responses. It is therefore essential that this information be taken into consideration when designing and interpreting future experiments using this transgenic strain.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. Introducing a unified magnetic space-group symbol.
- Author
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Campbell BJ, Stokes HT, Perez-Mato JM, and Rodríguez-Carvajal J
- Subjects
- Magnetic Phenomena
- Abstract
The two commonly used systems of magnetic space-group (MSG) symbols, with accompanying numbers and settings, are those of Belov-Neronova-Smirnova (BNS) and Opechowski-Guccione (OG). The symbols from both systems have been used for several decades now. Both have advantages and disadvantages. Both present challenges of interpretation to novice and expert users alike, which can inhibit understanding and lead to errors in published magnetic structures. To address each of these challenges going forward, a new unified (UNI) MSG symbol is introduced, which combines a modified BNS symbol with essential information from the OG symbol.
- Published
- 2022
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43. Soluble Non-Starch Polysaccharides From Plantain ( Musa x paradisiaca L.) Diminish Epithelial Impact of Clostridioides difficile .
- Author
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Simpson HL, Roberts CL, Thompson LM, Leiper CR, Gittens N, Trotter E, Duckworth CA, Papoutsopoulou S, Miyajima F, Roberts P, O'Kennedy N, Rhodes JM, and Campbell BJ
- Abstract
Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) is a leading cause of antibiotic-associated diarrhoea. Adhesion of this Gram-positive pathogen to the intestinal epithelium is a crucial step in CDI, with recurrence and relapse of disease dependent on epithelial interaction of its endospores. Close proximity, or adhesion of, hypervirulent strains to the intestinal mucosa are also likely to be necessary for the release of C. difficile toxins, which when internalized, result in intestinal epithelial cell rounding, damage, inflammation, loss of barrier function and diarrhoea. Interrupting these C. difficile -epithelium interactions could therefore represent a promising therapeutic strategy to prevent and treat CDI. Intake of dietary fibre is widely recognised as being beneficial for intestinal health, and we have previously shown that soluble non-starch polysaccharides (NSP) from plantain banana ( Musa spp.), can block epithelial adhesion and invasion of a number of gut pathogens, such as E. coli and Salmonellae. Here, we assessed the action of plantain NSP, and a range of alternative soluble plant fibres, for inhibitory action on epithelial interactions of C. difficile clinical isolates, purified endospore preparations and toxins. We found that plantain NSP possessed ability to disrupt epithelial adhesion of C. difficile vegetative cells and spores, with inhibitory activity against C. difficile found within the acidic (pectin-rich) polysaccharide component, through interaction with the intestinal epithelium. Similar activity was found with NSP purified from broccoli and leek, although seen to be less potent than NSP from plantain. Whilst plantain NSP could not block the interaction and intracellular action of purified C. difficile toxins, it significantly diminished the epithelial impact of C. difficile , reducing both bacteria and toxin induced inflammation, activation of caspase 3/7 and cytotoxicity in human intestinal cell-line and murine intestinal organoid cultures. Dietary supplementation with soluble NSP from plantain may therefore confer a protective effect in CDI patients by preventing adhesion of C. difficile to the mucosa, i.e. a "contrabiotic" effect, and diminishing its epithelial impact. This suggests that plantain soluble dietary fibre may be a therapeutically effective nutritional product for use in the prevention or treatment of CDI and antibiotic-associated diarrhoea., Competing Interests: NO’K is a present, and CR a past, employee of Provexis Plc. BC, HS and JR received additional funding support from the biotech partner Provexis Plc as part of the BBSRC Industrial CASE studentship (BB/I016783/1). JR is listed as inventor on patents held by Provexis Plc, in a licence agreement with the University of Liverpool, for use of complex oligosaccharides in the prevention or treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (US8945639B2), and for use of soluble fibres in antibiotic-associated diarrhoea (US20120165289A1). The remaining authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2021 Simpson, Roberts, Thompson, Leiper, Gittens, Trotter, Duckworth, Papoutsopoulou, Miyajima, Roberts, O’Kennedy, Rhodes and Campbell.)
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. The ISOTILT software for discovering cooperative rigid-unit rotations in networks of interconnected rigid units.
- Author
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Campbell BJ, Stokes HT, Averett TB, Machlus S, and Yost CJ
- Abstract
A user-friendly web-based software tool called ' ISOTILT ' is introduced for detecting cooperative rigid-unit modes (RUMs) in networks of interconnected rigid units ( e.g. molecules, clusters or polyhedral units). This tool implements a recently described algorithm in which symmetry-mode patterns of pivot-atom rotation and displacement vectors are used to construct a linear system of equations whose null space consists entirely of RUMs. The symmetry modes are first separated into independent symmetry-mode blocks and the set of equations for each block is solved separately by singular value decomposition. ISOTILT is the newest member of the ISOTROPY Software Suite . Here, it is shown how to prepare structural and symmetry-mode information for use in ISOTILT , how to use each of ISOTILT 's input fields and options, and how to use and interpret ISOTILT output., (© Branton J. Campbell et al. 2021.)
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
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45. Quantitative trait loci controlling agronomic and biochemical traits in Cannabis sativa.
- Author
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Woods P, Campbell BJ, Nicodemus TJ, Cahoon EB, Mullen JL, and McKay JK
- Subjects
- Cannabis growth & development, Cannabis metabolism, Intramolecular Transferases genetics, Plant Proteins genetics, Quantitative Trait, Heritable, Cannabis genetics, Quantitative Trait Loci
- Abstract
Understanding the genetic basis of complex traits is a fundamental goal of evolutionary genetics. Yet, the genetics controlling complex traits in many important species such as hemp (Cannabis sativa) remain poorly investigated. Because hemp's change in legal status with the 2014 and 2018 U.S. Federal Farm Bills, interest in the genetics controlling its numerous agriculturally important traits has steadily increased. To better understand the genetics of agriculturally important traits in hemp, we developed an F2 population by crossing two phenotypically distinct hemp cultivars (Carmagnola and USO31). Using whole-genome sequencing, we mapped quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with variation in numerous agronomic and biochemical traits. A total of 69 loci associated with agronomic (34) and biochemical (35) trait variation were identified. We found that most QTL co-localized, suggesting that the phenotypic distinctions between Carmagnola and USO31 are largely controlled by a small number of loci. We identified TINY and olivetol synthase as candidate genes underlying co-localized QTL clusters for agronomic and biochemical traits, respectively. We functionally validated the olivetol synthase candidate by expressing the alleles in yeast. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry assays of extracts from these yeast colonies suggest that the USO31 olivetol synthase is functionally less active and potentially explains why USO31 produces lower cannabinoids compared to Carmagnola. Overall, our results help modernize the genomic understanding of complex traits in hemp., (© The Author(s) 2021. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Genetics Society of America.)
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. The effects of protein supplementation and pasture maintenance on the growth, parasite burden, and economic return of pasture-raised lambs.
- Author
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Campbell BJ, Marsh AE, Parker EM, McCutcheon JS, Fluharty FL, and Parker AJ
- Abstract
The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the impact of protein supplementation and pasture contamination with gastrointestinal nematodes on the mitigation of parasitic infection in grazing lambs. We hypothesized that there would be no difference between protein supplementation and newly sown pasture in evaluating lamb growth and health parameters associated with parasitism. Furthermore, we questioned if there would be an interaction between protein supplementation and pasture type. A total of 192, 60-d-old lambs (28.3 ± 5.1 kg) were randomly assigned to one of four treatments: 1) new pasture without supplementation (NN); 2) new pasture with supplementation (NS); 3) established pasture without supplementation (EN); and 4) established pasture with supplementation (ES) and grazed for 112 d. Lambs were supplemented at a rate of 1% body weight/d. Supplemented lambs had greater body weight (BW) and average daily gain (ADG) when compared with non-supplemented lambs ( P < 0.04). Additionally, lambs on newly sown pasture demonstrated greater BW and ADG when compared with lambs grazing on established pasture ( P < 0.05). For lamb health, lambs in the EN treatment group had the greatest FAMACHA eye scores and lowest packed cell volume (PCV) over the course of the 112-d grazing period ( P < 0.05). Moreover, NS and ES treatment lambs demonstrated similar FAMACHA eye scores when compared with NN treatment lambs; however, NN treatment lambs showed lower PCV when compared with NS and ES treatment lambs ( P < 0.05). In evaluating fecal egg counts (FEC), lambs on new pasture or given supplement demonstrated lesser FEC when compared with those lambs on established pasture or not given supplement ( P < 0.05). Sixty-four lambs were harvested to evaluate total abomasum nematode counts which demonstrated that Haemonchus contortus represented approximately 80% of total nematodes. Furthermore, based upon gross margin analysis, lambs given a protein rich supplement on pasture had a 9.3 kg increase in lamb BW whereas newly sown pasture had a 1.3 kg increase in lamb BW. A protein rich supplement given to lambs grazing pastures contaminated primarily with H. contortus or placing lambs on newly sown pasture increases lamb BW and improves parasite resiliency. Selection of parasite management strategies may be influenced by cost of production and market opportunities., (© The Author(s) 2021. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the American Society of Animal Science.)
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. Impact of Interleukin 10 Deficiency on Intestinal Epithelium Responses to Inflammatory Signals.
- Author
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Papoutsopoulou S, Pollock L, Walker C, Tench W, Samad SS, Bergey F, Lenzi L, Sheibani-Tezerji R, Rosenstiel P, Alam MT, Martins Dos Santos VAP, Müller W, and Campbell BJ
- Subjects
- Animals, Interleukin-10 deficiency, Interleukin-10 genetics, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Mice, Knockout, NF-kappa B immunology, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha immunology, Mice, Inflammation immunology, Interleukin-10 immunology, Intestinal Mucosa immunology
- Abstract
Interleukin 10 (IL-10) is a pleiotropic, anti-inflammatory cytokine that has a major protective role in the intestine. Although its production by cells of the innate and adaptive immune system has been extensively studied, its intrinsic role in intestinal epithelial cells is poorly understood. In this study, we utilised both ATAC sequencing and RNA sequencing to define the transcriptional response of murine enteroids to tumour necrosis factor (TNF). We identified that the key early phase drivers of the transcriptional response to TNF within intestinal epithelium were NF κ B transcription factor dependent. Using wild-type and Il10
-/- enteroid cultures, we showed an intrinsic, intestinal epithelium specific effect of IL-10 deficiency on TNF-induced gene transcription, with significant downregulation of identified NF κ B target genes Tnf , Ccl20 , and Cxcl10 , and delayed overexpression of NF κ B inhibitor encoding genes, Nfkbia and Tnfaip3 . IL-10 deficiency, or immunoblockade of IL-10 receptor, impacted on TNF-induced endogenous NF κ B activity and downstream NF κ B target gene transcription. Intestinal epithelium-derived IL-10 appears to play a crucial role as a positive regulator of the canonical NF κ B pathway, contributing to maintenance of intestinal homeostasis. This is particularly important in the context of an inflammatory environment and highlights the potential for future tissue-targeted IL-10 therapeutic intervention., Competing Interests: VMDS is a director and shareholder of LifeGlimmer GmbH. FB has received salary from LifeGlimmer GmbH. The remaining authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2021 Papoutsopoulou, Pollock, Walker, Tench, Samad, Bergey, Lenzi, Sheibani-Tezerji, Rosenstiel, Alam, Martins Dos Santos, Müller and Campbell.)- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Ecology of inorganic sulfur auxiliary metabolism in widespread bacteriophages.
- Author
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Kieft K, Zhou Z, Anderson RE, Buchan A, Campbell BJ, Hallam SJ, Hess M, Sullivan MB, Walsh DA, Roux S, and Anantharaman K
- Subjects
- Amino Acid Motifs, Bacteriophages classification, Bacteriophages genetics, Caudovirales classification, Caudovirales genetics, Caudovirales metabolism, Energy Metabolism, Environmental Microbiology, Genes, Viral genetics, Genetic Variation, Genome, Viral genetics, Metagenomics, Oxidation-Reduction, Phylogeny, Protein Domains, Thiosulfates metabolism, Viral Proteins chemistry, Viral Proteins genetics, Bacteriophages metabolism, Ecosystem, Sulfur metabolism
- Abstract
Microbial sulfur metabolism contributes to biogeochemical cycling on global scales. Sulfur metabolizing microbes are infected by phages that can encode auxiliary metabolic genes (AMGs) to alter sulfur metabolism within host cells but remain poorly characterized. Here we identified 191 phages derived from twelve environments that encoded 227 AMGs for oxidation of sulfur and thiosulfate (dsrA, dsrC/tusE, soxC, soxD and soxYZ). Evidence for retention of AMGs during niche-differentiation of diverse phage populations provided evidence that auxiliary metabolism imparts measurable fitness benefits to phages with ramifications for ecosystem biogeochemistry. Gene abundance and expression profiles of AMGs suggested significant contributions by phages to sulfur and thiosulfate oxidation in freshwater lakes and oceans, and a sensitive response to changing sulfur concentrations in hydrothermal environments. Overall, our study provides fundamental insights on the distribution, diversity, and ecology of phage auxiliary metabolism associated with sulfur and reinforces the necessity of incorporating viral contributions into biogeochemical configurations.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. Metagenomes, Metatranscriptomes, and Metagenome-Assembled Genomes from Chesapeake and Delaware Bay (USA) Water Samples.
- Author
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Ahmed MA, Lim SJ, and Campbell BJ
- Abstract
Here, we present 36 metagenomes, 59 metatranscriptomes, and 373 metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) from Chesapeake and Delaware Bay water samples. This data set will be useful for studying microbial biogeochemical cycling in estuaries.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. The fucose-specific lectin ANL from Aspergillus niger possesses anti-cancer activity by inducing the intrinsic apoptosis pathway in hepatocellular and colon cancer cells.
- Author
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Jagadeesh N, Belur S, Campbell BJ, and Inamdar SR
- Subjects
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular metabolism, Carcinoma, Hepatocellular pathology, Colonic Neoplasms metabolism, Colonic Neoplasms pathology, HT29 Cells, Hep G2 Cells, Humans, Liver Neoplasms metabolism, Liver Neoplasms pathology, Antineoplastic Agents chemistry, Antineoplastic Agents pharmacology, Aspergillus niger chemistry, Carcinoma, Hepatocellular drug therapy, Colonic Neoplasms drug therapy, Fungal Proteins chemistry, Fungal Proteins pharmacology, Lectins chemistry, Lectins pharmacology, Liver Neoplasms drug therapy
- Abstract
The L-fucose-specific lectin from Aspergillus niger (ANL), isolated from the corneal smears of a keratitis patient was reported earlier. Here, we examined the interaction of ANL with human hepatocellular and colon cancer cells, evaluated its anti-cancer activity and diagnostic potential to detect aberrantly glycosylated tumour-associated serum glycoproteins such as alpha-fetoprotein (AFP). We observed that ANL strongly bound to both HepG2 and HT-29 cell-lines and this interaction was effectively blocked with L-fucose and mucin in a dose and time-dependent manner with an IC
50 of 1.25 and 5 μg/mL for HepG2 and HT-29 cells respectively at 48 hours. ANL treatment increased hypodiploidy and decreased the number of HepG2 cell in G0 -G1 phase at both 24 and 48 hours. Furthermore, ANL increased the level of apoptosis in both HepG2 and HT-29 cells in a time-dependent manner via enhanced production of reactive oxygen species and altered mitochondrial membrane potential, indicative of intrinsic apoptotis pathway activation. Immunoblot analysis confirmed the time-dependent elevation of levels of cytochrome c, initiator caspase-9 and activation of caspase-3. ANL immunohistochemistry on colon cancer tissue and quantification of AFP in HCC patient serum samples by developing an ANL-anti-AFP antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay confirmed the diagnostic potential of ANL. Here, interaction of ANL with AFP could be effectively blocked in the presence of competing fucose-bearing glycans. We found ANL to be more sensitive than Lens culinaris lectin, a well-known fucose-specific lectin and currently used diagnostic agent. ANL can be further explored as a diagnostic and anti-cancer agent., (© 2021 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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