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Introduction Evidence suggests that e-liquid flavor and nicotine concentration are important factors in the initiation and maintenance of e-cigarette use (vaping). Flavors may increase the initiation and maintenance of vaping, and nicotine content is a factor in e-cigarette dependence and the efficacy of e-cigarettes for cigarette smoking cessation. Few human laboratory studies have assessed the joint and interactive effects of flavor and nicotine on subjective responses to e-cigarettes. Methods Regular e-cigarette users (N = 89) completed a multi-session study involving a paced vaping procedure with e-liquid cartridges containing their preferred flavor (berry, menthol, or tobacco) or no flavor, with or without nicotine (18 mg). Subjective effects of vaping (satisfaction, reward, aversion, airway sensations, and craving relief) were assessed. Results Nicotine significantly increased psychological reward and craving relief, whereas flavor significantly increased vaping satisfaction and taste. Nicotine dependence severity moderated the effect of nicotine on reward, such that those with the greatest dependence severity reported the greatest reward. Conclusions These findings support differential and noninteractive effects of e-liquid nicotine content and flavor on reinforcing effects of e-cigarettes. Implications E-liquid flavor and nicotine content have independent, non-interactive effects on subjective responses to vaping under controlled laboratory conditions. Among regular e-cigarette users, vaping a preferred flavor increased taste and satisfaction, but did not interact with nicotine to alter reward or craving. Further research on the ways in which these subjective effects may motivate vaping behavior among different populations of e-cigarette users would be useful to inform regulatory policy of ENDS products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose There is mounting evidence of a bidirectional link between catheter-related thrombosis and catheter-related infection. Given this, this program has the following learning objectives: (1) discuss the consequences of central venous catheter-related thrombosis (CRT) and catheter-related bloodstream infection (CRBSI), (2) understand the biological underpinnings of CRT and CRBSI, (3) understand the bidirectional relationship between CRT and CRBSI, and (4) discuss preventative measures to decrease the incidence and clinical consequences of CRT and CRBSI. Approach This program will present the evidence and provide an opportunity for participants to ask questions about the content and their own practice. Results and Conclusions Not applicable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]