Search

SCOPUS: ed.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

SCOPUS: no.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Introduction: Heavy drinking (HD) prevalent pattern of alcohol consumption among adolescents, particularly concerning because of their critical vulnerability to the neurotoxic effects of ethanol. Adolescent neurodevelopment is characterized by critical neurobiological changes of the prefrontal, temporal and parietal regions, important for the development of executive control processes, such as inhibitory control (IC). In the present Magnetoencephalography (MEG) study, we aimed to describe the relationship between electrophysiological Functional Connectivity (FC) during an IC task and HD development, as well as its impact on functional neuromaturation. Methods: We performed a two-year longitudinal protocol with two stages. In the first stage, before the onset of HD, we recorded brain electrophysiological activity from a sample of 67 adolescents (mean age = 14.6 ± 0.7) during an IC task. Alcohol consumption was measured using the AUDIT test and a semi-structured interview. Two years later, in the second stage, 32 of the 67 participants (mean age 16.7 ± 0.7) completed a similar protocol. As for the analysis in the first stage, the source-space FC matrix was calculated, and then, using a cluster-based permutation test (CBPT) based on Spearman's correlation, we calculated the correlation between the FC of each cortical source and the number of standard alcohol units consumed two years later. For the analysis of longitudinal change, we followed a similar approach. We calculated the symmetrized percentage change (SPC) between FC at both stages and performed a CBPT analysis, analyzing the correlation between FC change and the level of alcohol consumed in a regular session. Results: The results revealed an association between higher beta-band FC in the prefrontal and temporal regions and higher consumption years later. Longitudinal results showed that greater future alcohol consumption was associated with an exacerbated reduction in the FC of the same areas. Discussion: Thes, Ministerio de Sanidad., Depto. de Biología Celular, Depto. de Psicología Experimental, Procesos Cognitivos y Logopedia, Depto. de Psicobiología y Metodología en Ciencias del Comportamiento, Depto. de Radiología, Rehabilitación y Fisioterapia, Fac. de Ciencias Biológicas, Fac. de Psicología, Fac. de Medicina, TRUE, pub

N/A

info:eu-repo/semantics/published

The "Decade of the Br ain"r eferr ed to the 1990s, as the emer-gence of various brain imaging techniques allo w ed the analysis of both normal and pathological behaviors with specific patterns of distributed neural activity (Insel and Quirion, 2005 ). Among these tec hniques, electr oencephalogr a phy (EEG) indexed sponta-neous brain electrical activity, and included e v ent-r elated poten-tials (ERPs), referring to epochs of EEG activity that are time-locked to the processing of stimuli (Rugg and Coles, 1995 ). Once mental diseases were also envisaged as resulting from brain alterations (Price et al. 2000 ), a neur ocognitiv e a ppr oac h emer ged, pr omoting that: (i) significant cognitive disturbances are observed in psychi-atric diseases (Green, 2006 ); (ii) these cognitive disturbances, in-dexed by dysfunctional neural networks ,ma y trigger/subtend the onset and/or maintenance of clinical symptoms, thereby defining v alid ther a peutic tar gets (Ver dejo-Gar cia et al. 2023 ); and (iii) re-habilitating these cognitive functions (through neuropsycholog-ical training programs and/or neuromodulation tools) disclosed encour a ging r esults by pr omoting r eduction of clinical symptoms as well as enhancement of patients quality of life (Lesniak et al. 2014 ). In this view, ERPs, considered a useful tool to probe the in-formation pr ocessing str eam in the br ain, can help pinpoint the specific neur ocognitiv e functions that should be tar geted in eac h patient through specific and indi vidualized cogniti v e r emediation pr ocedur es (Campanella, 2016 ). Ob viousl y, e v en if we choose to focus this perspective paper on cognitive ERPs, several other elec-trophysiological tools (such as transcranial magnetic stimulation or neural oscillations) have proved to be useful for studying neuro-physiological biomarkers of psychiatric disorders (Cao et al. 2021 ;Ferr ar elli and Phillips, 2021 )., SCOPUS: re.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Aims Substance use disorders (SUD) are associated with cognitive deficits that are not always addressed in current treatments, and this hampers recovery. Cognitive training and remediation interventions are well suited to fill the gap for managing cognitive deficits in SUD. We aimed to reach consensus on recommendations for developing and applying these interventions. Design, Setting and Participants We used a Delphi approach with two sequential phases: survey development and iterative surveying of experts. This was an on‐line study. During survey development, we engaged a group of 15 experts from a working group of the International Society of Addiction Medicine (Steering Committee). During the surveying process, we engaged a larger pool of experts ( n = 54) identified via recommendations from the Steering Committee and a systematic review. Measurements Survey with 67 items covering four key areas of intervention development: targets, intervention approaches, active ingredients and modes of delivery. Findings Across two iterative rounds (98% retention rate), the experts reached a consensus on 50 items including: (i) implicit biases, positive affect, arousal, executive functions and social processing as key targets of interventions; (ii) cognitive bias modification, contingency management, emotion regulation training and cognitive remediation as preferred approaches; (iii) practice, feedback, difficulty‐titration, bias modification, goal‐setting, strategy learning and meta‐awareness as active ingredients; and (iv) both addiction treatment work‐force and specialized neuropsychologists facilitating delivery, together with novel digital‐based delivery modalities. Conclusions Expert recommendations on cognitive training and remediation for substance use disorders highlight the relevance of targeting implicit biases, reward, emotion regulation and higher‐order cognitive skills via well‐validated intervention approaches qualified with mechanistic techniques and, SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

The nucleus accumbens (NAc) is a key component of the brain reward circuitry. Due to its extensive connectivity with regions involved in limbic but also motor processes, its main function is to integrate reward-related information, and to generate motivation to sustain action in goal-directed behaviors. As drugs of abuse hijack the brain reward system to drive compulsion to seek and consume drugs, characterizing NAc neuronal activity is particularly important to improve our understanding of the neuronal mechanisms of addiction. Here, we focused our research on a cocaine conditioned place preference paradigm, which relies on the association between drug and environmental cues to drive place preference. Indeed, the formation and maintenance of cue-reward associations drive strong craving and relapse after re-exposure of addicted individuals to a context previously paired with drug use. In this thesis, we first described the activity of the two main neuronal populations of the NAc, the medium spiny neurons expressing the dopamine receptor D1R or D2R (D1- and D2-MSNs, respectively), during this behavior by using in vivo endoscopic calcium imaging. We showed that both neuronal populations contain the same level of information about the place preference, and consistently encode the least preferred location, both before and after conditioning. As this location/preference-based encoding is likely shaped by presynaptic inputs, we developed a pipeline to identify and quantify NAc D1- and D2-MSNs brain-wide afferents, by using a retrograde tracing approach combined with optimized immunolabeling and clearing of whole brains. Finally, we demonstrated the functional involvement of the projections between the paraventricular thalamus and the NAc in the maintenance of these cocaine-associated memories, using chemo- and opto-genetic techniques. Altogether, the work realized during this thesis contributes to a better understanding of the circuits involved in addiction, and more parti, Doctorat en Sciences biomédicales et pharmaceutiques (Médecine), info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

(1) Background: Inhibitory and rewarding processes that mediate attentional biases to addiction-related cues may slightly differ between patients suffering from alcohol use (AUD) or gambling (GD) disorder. (2) Methods: 23 AUD inpatients, 19 GD patients, and 22 healthy controls performed four separate Go/NoGo tasks, in, respectively, an alcohol, gambling, food, and neutral long-lasting cueing context during the recording of event-related potentials (ERPs). (3) Results: AUD patients showed a poorer inhibitory performance than controls (slower response latencies, lower N2d, and delayed P3d components). In addition, AUD patients showed a preserved inhibitory performance in the alcohol-related context (but a more disrupted one in the food-related context), while GD patients showed a specific inhibitory deficit in the game-related context, both indexed by N2d amplitude modulations. (4) Conclusions: Despite sharing common addiction-related mechanisms, AUD and GD patients showed different patterns of response to (non-)rewarding cues that should be taken into account in the therapeutic context., SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Une approche psychologique et neurocognitive afin de comprendre les effets que le binge drinking peut avoir sur notre fonctionnement émotionnel, cognitif et cérébral.Comme tout pan de la société, nos modes de consommation d’alcool évoluent. Ces dernières années, un phénomène nouveau s’est intensifié : le binge drinking. Cette pratique, qui consiste à boire épisodiquement de manière très intense jusqu’à l’ivresse, est aujourd’hui très répandue, en particulier chez les jeunes. Au-delà de ses effets à court terme, cette pratique est à l’origine de modifications majeures et durables du fonctionnement émotionnel, cognitif et cérébral.Deux Docteurs en psychologie se sont penchés sur ce problème de santé publique actuel. Salvatore Campanella et Pierre Maurage détaillent le fonctionnement du binge drinking et montrent comment l’approche psychologique et neurocognitive, qui a permis de faire avancer les connaissances à son sujet, peut aider à mieux le prendre en charge. Ils présentent les facteurs de risque et les conséquences néfastes de cette pratique sur les habiletés émotionnelles et interpersonnelles, les fonctions cognitives et le fonctionnement cérébral. Dépassant la simple étude, ils fournissent aussi nombre de recommandations pratiques et de pistes de développement pour toutes les personnes concernées, à savoir les cliniciens ou chercheurs, mais également les consommateurs d’alcool et leurs proches. Ils proposent ainsi de mettre en place de meilleures techniques de prévention et d’intervention psychologique, fondées sur la neuropsychologie et les neurosciences.Un ouvrage de référence sur le binge drinking et ses risques, qui fournit nombre de recommandations pratiques et pistes de réflexion !À PROPOS DES AUTEURSSalvatore Campanella est Docteur en psychologie, maître de recherches du FRS-FNRS au laboratoire de Psychologie Médicale et Addiction au CHU Brugmann et Professeur de Psychopathologie à l’ULB. Pierre Maurage est Docteur en Sciences Psychologiques, Professeur