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Alveolar macrophages (AM) and monocytes (MO) are myeloid cells that play a substantial role in the development and establishment of the innate and adaptive immune response. These cells are crucial for host defense against various pathogens, but their role in malaria is poorly understood. Here, we characterize the dynamics of AMs and recruited leukocytes subpopulations in the airways during experimental Plasmodium berghei NK65-NY (PbNK65). We show that PbNK65 infection induces an increased pulmonary vascular permeability that provides Ly6Clow MOs, neutrophils (NEU), CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocytes in the airways. This inflammatory environment resulted in an increase in the population and alteration of the activation state of the AMs. Taken together, the data presented provide new insights into airway inflammation associated with pulmonary malaria.

Toxoplasma gondii chronic infection is characterized by the establishment of tissue cysts in the brain and increased levels of IFN-γ, which can lead to brain circuitry interference and consequently abnormal behaviour in mice. In this sense, the study presented here sought to investigate the impact of chronic infection by two T. gondii strains in the brain of infection-resistant mice, as a model for studying the involvement of chronic neuroinflammation with the development of behavioural alterations. For that, male BALB/c mice were divided into three groups: non-infected (Ni), infected with T. gondii ME49 clonal strain (ME49), and infected with TgCkBrRN2 atypical strain (CK2). Mice were monitored for 60 days to establish the chronic infection and then submitted to behavioural assessment. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used for measurement of specific IgG in the blood and levels of inflammatory cytokines and neurotrophic factors in the brain, and the cell's immunophenotype was determined by multiparametric flow cytometry. Mice infected with ME49 clonal strain displayed hyperlocomotor activity and memory deficit, although no signs of depressive- and/or anxiety-like behaviour were detected; on the other hand, chronic infection with CK2 atypical strain induced anxiety- and depressive-like behaviour. During chronic infection by CK2 atypical strain, mice displayed a higher number of T. gondii brain tissue cysts and inflammatory infiltrate, composed mainly of CD3+ T lymphocytes and Ly6Chi inflammatory monocytes, compared to mice infected with the ME49 clonal strain. Infected mice presented a marked decrease of microglia population compared to non-infected group. Chronic infection with CK2 strain produced elevated levels of IFN-γ and TNF-ɑ in the brain, decreased NGF levels in the prefrontal cortex and striatum, and altered levels of fractalkine (CX3CL1) in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus. The persistent inflammation and the disturbance in the cerebral homeostasis may contribute to altered behaviour in mice, as the levels of IFN-γ were shown to be correlated with the behavioural parameters assessed here. Considering the high incidence and life-long persistence of T. gondii infection, this approach can be considered a suitable model for studying the impact of chronic infections in the brain and how it impacts in behavioural responses.

Topical treatments for onychomycosis are of interest to those seeking to avoid systemic drug interactions and to improve systemic safety. This work aimed to develop aqueous-based, simple, and cost-effective vehicles that provide high solubility for ciclopirox and enable the delivery of an active through channels created by nail microporation. Following solubility tests, aqueous gels and thermogels based on hydroxypropylmethylcellulose and poloxamer 407, respectively, were loaded with 8% and 16% ciclopirox. Their performance was then compared to the marketed lacquer Micolamina® in in vitro release tests with artificial membranes and in in vitro permeation tests with human nail clippings with and without poration. Finally, a microbiological assay compared the best gel formulations and the reference product. Little correlation was observed between the in vitro release and the permeation data, and the drug release was highly membrane-dependent. Ciclopirox nail retention in single-dose, porated nails tests was larger than in daily-dosing, non-porated nail conditions. The series of new gel and thermogel vehicles delivered ciclopirox more effectively than Micolamina® in single-dose, porated nail experiments. The inhibition of Trichophyton rubrum activity was significantly increased with microporated nails when the gel formulations were applied but not with Micolamina®. Overall, the results suggest that the new vehicles could be successfully combined with nail microporation to improve the drug delivery and efficacy of topical antifungal medication while reducing the dosing frequency, facilitating patients’ adherence.

Abstract Background Despite antiretroviral treatment efficacy, it does not lead to the complete eradication of HIV infection. Consequently, reactivation of the virus from latently infected cell reservoirs is a major challenge toward cure efforts. Two strategies targeting viral latency are currently under investigation: the “shock and kill” and the “block and lock.” The “Block and Lock” methodology aims to control HIV-1 latency reactivation, promoting a functional cure. We utilized the CRISPR/dCas9-KRAB platform, which was initially developed to suppress cellular genes transcription, to block drug-induced HIV-1 reactivation in latently infected T cells and myeloid cells. Results We identified a set of five sgRNAs targeting the HIV-1 proviral genome (LTR1-LTR5), having the lowest nominated off-target activity, and transduced them into the latently infected lymphoid (J-Lat 10.6) and myeloid (U1) cell lines. One of the sgRNAs (LTR5), which binds specifically in the HIV-1 LTR NFκB binding site, was able to promote robust repression of HIV-1 reactivation in latently infected T cells stimulated with Phorbol 12-Myristate 13-Acetate (PMA) and Ingenol B (IngB), both potent protein kinase C (PKC) stimulators. Reactivation with HDAC inhibitors, such as SAHA and Panobinostat, showed the same strong inhibition of reactivation. Additionally, we observed a hundred times reduction of HIV-1 RNA expression levels in the latently infected myeloid cell line, U1 induced with IngB. Conclusion Taken together, our results show that the KRAB fused CRISPR/dCas9 system can robustly prevent the HIV-1 latency reactivation process, mediated by PMA or IngB and SAHA or Panobinostat, both in myeloid and lymphoid HIV-1 latently infected cells. In addition, we demonstrated that KRAB repressor protein is crucial to reactivation resistance phenotype, and we have identified some useful hotspots sequences in HIV-1 LTR for the design sgRNAs.

Uma vez que as políticas públicas têm papel fundamental na constituição dos sujeitos para quem são produzidas, este trabalho tem por objetivo problematizar as políticas públicas de saúde nacionais que se referem à mulher e suas relações com a aids e com o hiv, questionando-as enquanto práticas concretas de governo que produzem discursos de normatização dos comportamentos e da produção de modos de objetivação e subjetivação específicos. Para isso, recorre aos discursos documentados na Política Nacional de Aids e ao Plano de Feminização da Epidemia. Conclui-se, a partir das análises, que embora instaurados no âmbito ambíguo da biopolítica e da governamentalização, esses documentos podem ser lidos como lugares de aparecimento de outros arranjos políticos ligados aos movimentos sociais e suas lutas pelo direito a saúde e pelos direitos humanos.

Abstract The use of combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) has resulted in a remarkable reduction in morbidity and mortality of people living with HIV worldwide. Nevertheless, interindividual variations in drug response often impose a challenge to cART effectiveness. Although personalized therapeutic regimens may help overcome incidence of adverse reactions and therapeutic failure attributed to host factors, pharmacogenetic studies are often restricted to a few populations. Latin American countries accounted for 2.1 million people living with HIV and 1.4 million undergoing cART in 2020-21. The present review describes the state of art of HIV pharmacogenetics in this region and highlights that such analyses remain to be given the required relevance. A broad analysis of pharmacogenetic markers in Latin America could not only provide a better understanding of genetic structure of these populations, but might also be crucial to develop more informative dosing algorithms, applicable to non-European populations.

Este artigo buscou analisar quais os métodos científicos e os assuntos e temas mais utilizados por pesquisadores em pesquisas sobre o turismo de bicicleta. Para alcançar o objetivo deste trabalho, primeiramente, realizou-se pesquisa em três plataformas de busca, utilizando as palavras-chave cycle tourism, bicycle tourism, bike lane, turismo de bicicleta. Em uma segunda etapa desta seleção foram descartados os artigos que não apresentavam relação com a infraestrutura cicloviária ou relação ao uso da bicicleta como atividade turística. E, no terceiro momento, os artigos foram analisados em relação a sua metodologia. O resultado deste levantamento foi sendo apresentado juntamente com o referencial teórico, seção em que foi explicado de maneira sucinta os tipos de coleta de dados e os tipos de análise de dados utilizados nos artigos selecionados. Posteriormente, pode-se fazer uma reflexão sobre as metodologias encontradas neste lavamento a respeito do turismo de bicicleta e da infraestrutura cicloviária. Esta análise mostrou a existência de diversas metodologias que podem ser utilizadas de diferentes perspectivas sobre um determinado assunto.

Abstract ACE2 and TMPRSS2 are key players on SARS-CoV-2 entry into host cells. However, it is still unclear whether expression levels of these factors could reflect disease severity. Here, a case–control study was conducted with 213 SARS-CoV-2 positive individuals where cases were defined as COVID-19 patients with respiratory distress requiring oxygen support (N = 38) and controls were those with mild to moderate symptoms of the disease who did not need oxygen therapy along the entire clinical course (N = 175). ACE2 and TMPRSS2 mRNA levels were evaluated in nasopharyngeal swab samples by RT-qPCR and logistic regression analyzes were applied to estimate associations with respiratory outcomes. ACE2 and TMPRSS2 levels positively correlated with age, which was also strongly associated with respiratory distress. Increased nasopharyngeal ACE2 levels showed a protective effect against this outcome (adjOR = 0.30; 95% CI 0.09–0.91), while TMPRSS2/ACE2 ratio was associated with risk (adjOR = 4.28; 95% CI 1.36–13.48). On stepwise regression, TMPRSS2/ACE2 ratio outperformed ACE2 to model COVID-19 severity. When nasopharyngeal swabs were compared to bronchoalveolar lavages in an independent cohort of COVID-19 patients under mechanical ventilation, similar expression levels of these genes were observed. These data suggest nasopharyngeal TMPRSS2/ACE2 as a promising candidate for further prediction models on COVID-19.

Abstract Bioequivalence (BE) assessment of topical drug products is a long-standing challenge. Agencies such as the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the European Medicines Agency (EMA) have published several drafts in recent years suggesting different approaches as alternative to evaluate the BE. A proposed Topical Classification System (TCS) has even been discussed. Given the above, the objective of this research was to use in vitro and in vivo BE approaches to evaluate Brazilian marketed mupirocin (MPC) ointments, previously classified as TCS class The in vitro permeation test (IVPT) was performed by applying formulations to pig skin by Franz cells. The in vivo methodology was dermatopharmacokinetic (DPK). These approaches (in vivo tape stripping and IVPT) demonstrated capability of distinguishing among different formulations, thus making them useful methodologies for BE evaluation.

IL-17 is a cytokine produced by innate and acquired immunity cells that have an action against fungi and bacteria. However, its action in helminth infections is unclear, including in Toxocara canis infection. Toxocariasis is a neglected zoonosis representing a significant public health problem with an estimated seroprevalence of 19% worldwide. In the present study, we describe the immunopathological action of IL-17RA in acute T. canis infection. C57BL/6j (WT) and IL-17RA receptor knockout (IL-17RA-/-) mice were infected with 1000 T. canis eggs. Mice were evaluated 3 days post-infection for parasite load and white blood cell count. Lung tissue was harvested for histopathology and cytokine expression. In addition, we performed multiparametric flow cytometry in the BAL and peripheral blood, evaluating phenotypic and functional changes in myeloid and lymphoid populations. We showed that IL-17RA is essential to control larvae load in the lung; however, IL-17RA contributed to pulmonary inflammation, inducing inflammatory nodular aggregates formation and presented higher pulmonary IL-6 levels. The absence of IL-17RA was associated with a higher frequency of neutrophils as a source of IL-4 in BAL, while in the presence of IL-17RA, mice display a higher frequency of alveolar macrophages expressing the same cytokine. Taken together, this study indicates that neutrophils may be an important source of IL-4 in the lungs during T. canis infection. Furthermore, IL-17/IL-17RA axis is important to control parasite load, however, its presence triggers lung inflammation that can lead to tissue damage.

Monogenic forms of diabetes mellitus may affect a significant number of patients of this disease, and it is an important molecular cause to be investigated. However, studies of the genetic causes of monogenic diabetes, especially in populations with mixed ethnic backgrounds, such as the one in Brazil, are scarce. The aim of this study was to screen several genes associated with monogenic diabetes in fifty-seven Brazilian patients with recurrence of the disease in their families and thirty-four relatives. Inclusion criteria were: Age of onset ≤ 40 years old, BMI < 30 kg/m², at least two affected generations and negative anti-GAD and anti-IA2 antibodies. MODY genes HNF4A, GCK, HNF1A, HNF1B, NEUROD1, KLF11, PAX4, INS, KCNJ11, and MT-TL1 were sequenced by Sanger sequencing. We identified a total of 20 patients with variants, 13 GCK-MODY, four HNF1A-MODY, and one variant in each of the following genes, HNF4A, HNF1B and MT-TL1. Segregation analysis was performed in 13 families. Four variants were novel, two in GCK (p.(Met115Val) [c.343A>G] and p.(Asp365GlufsTer95) [c.1094_1095insGCGA]) and two in HNF1A (p.(Tyr163Ter) [c.489C>G] and p.(Val380CysfsTer39) [c.1136_1137insC]). Here we highlight the importance of screening for monogenic diabetes in admixed populations.

The objective of the work was to identify the harvesting system used, its adaptations, describe the harvesting activities, characterization of the machines used and the costing. The costs raised in this work were divided by activity and cost component. The work resulted in the description of the forest felling, this being carried out using three chainsaws of the Stihl brand, model MS 660 with the chainsaw teams adjusted to the scheme (1+1), an operator and a helper. As an adaptation of the system, the extraction was performed from inside the field to the storage yard, and executed with the aid of a Massey Ferguson tractor, model MF 275 of medium size with high axle, 4x2 rear-wheel drive, 75 horsepower and torque of approximately 28 kgfm adapted with a winch and use of drag chain, a tractor driver and two assistants. Labor costs were the most expensive, representing 80.82% of the total harvest cost. Gross profit per hectare was R$ 15,525.00, of which 30.76% was consumed by operating costs, being labor the most significant. It is interesting in semi-mechanized harvests to add value by drying and commercializing already sawn wood. Selling raw logs, as it was performed in this work, significantly decreases the price of the cubic meter

O presente trabalho avaliou a eficiência do pré-tratamento do lixiviado bruto de aterro sanitário por coagulação/floculação seguido do processo oxidativo homogêneo solar (H2O2/UV). Foram realizados ensaios em Jar-Test, com o Al2(SO4)3 e o FeCl3, a fim de determinar as melhores condições para a coagulação/floculação, tendo como variáveis-resposta: a remoção de cor verdadeira e turbidez. Em seguida, a melhor condição de cada coagulante foi submetida ao processo H2O2/UV solar, sendo as amostras avaliadas quanto a cor verdadeira, turbidez e DQOtotal. Na combinação da coagulação/floculação com Al2(SO4)3 (600 mgAl2+L-1, pH 5), seguida pelo processo H2O2/UV solar, conseguiram-se remoções de 95,26% de cor verdadeira, 69,36% de turbidez e 53,92% DQOtotal. Já o processo com FeCl3 (450 mgFe3+L-1, pH 4) seguido por H2O2/UV solar obteve remoções de 97,01% de cor, 79,57% de turbidez e 62,85% de DQOtotal. Concluiu-se que o tratamento utilizado foi eficiente, podendo auxiliar na aplicação posterior de um tratamento biológico.

Resumo Contexto Na insuficiência venosa crônica (IVC), a veia safena parva (VSP) é afetada em 15% dos casos. A cirurgia convencional é a técnica padrão para o tratamento da insuficiência da VSP, sendo a lesão no nervo sural uma complicação bastante temida. O tratamento de termoablação com endolaser tende a ser um método cirúrgico que diminui complicações da terapia cirúrgica da IVC. Objetivos Avaliar os pacientes com IVC submetidos à terapia por endolaser da VSP ao menos 30 dias após o procedimento. Métodos Foram analisados 54 membros inferiores de 46 pacientes submetidos à terapia por endolaser 1470 nm, sob anestesia local, para o tratamento da IVC em um hospital terciário. Os pacientes foram avaliados no período pré-operatório, intraoperatório e pós-operatório de 30 dias, através da clínica, exame físico e achados ecográficos. Resultados Nos 54 membros inferiores submetidos ao tratamento, comparando-se o período pré-operatório e o 30º dia pós-operatório, houve diferença significativa (p < 0,003) na redução do diâmetro da VSP tratada (6,37 mm pré-operatório e 5,15 mm no 30º dia pós-operatório) (IC95% 4,58-5,72) e na melhora do escore de gravidade clínica venosa (VCSS) (média de 8,02 pré-operatório e 6,11 no 30º dia pós-operatório) (IC95% 5,01-7,21) (p < 0,02). Complicações pós-operatórias, como parestesia e flebite, estiveram presentes e foram diagnosticadas em cinco e três pacientes, respectivamente, sem significar alteração na qualidade de vida e nas atividades de rotina. Conclusões A técnica de termoablação com laser da VSP mostrou-se segura e eficaz na redução dos sintomas clínicos e na melhora da qualidade de vida.

Toxocariasis is a neglected disease that affects people around the world. Humans become infected by accidental ingestion of eggs containing Toxocara canis infective larvae, which upon reaching the intestine, hatch, penetrate the mucosa and migrate to various tissues such as liver, lungs and brain. Studies have indicated that Th2 response is the main immune defense mechanism against toxocariasis, however, there are still few studies related to this response, mainly the IL-33/ST2 pathway. Some studies have reported an increase in IL-33 during helminth infections, including T. canis. By binding to its ST2 receptor, IL-33 stimulating the Th2 polarized immune cell and cytokine responses. Thus, we aimed to investigate the role of the IL-33/ST2 pathway in the context of T. canis larval migration and the immunological and pathophysiological aspects of the infection in the liver, lungs and brain from Wild-Type (WT) BALB/c background and genetically deficient mice for the ST2 receptor (ST2-/-). The most important findings revealed that the IL-33/ST2 pathway is involved in eosinophilia, hepatic and cerebral parasitic burden, and induces the formation of granulomas related to tissue damage and pulmonary dysfunction. However, ST2-/- mice, the immune response was skewed to Th1/Th17 type than Th2, that enhanced the control of parasite burden related to IgG2a levels, tissue macrophages infiltration and reduced lung dysfunction. Collectively, our results demonstrate that the Th2 immune response triggered by IL-33/ST2 pathway mediates susceptibility to T. canis, related to parasitic burden, eosinophilia and granuloma formation in which consequently contributes to tissue inflammation and injury.

Neste trabalho, a coagulação/floculação, utilizando-se cloreto férrico e Moringa oleifera como coagulantes, foi avaliada para o pós-tratamento de lixiviado de aterro sanitário proveniente de um sistema de lagoas de estabilização. Aplicou-se um planejamento fatorial 2² com ponto central em triplicada para cada coagulante. As variáveis-respostas foram: cor verdadeira, DQO e turbidez. O cloreto férrico alcançou remoção de 80% de cor, 64% de DQO e 90% de turbidez para uma concentração de 400 mg Fe+3. L-1 e pH 5. A Moringa oleifera obteve remoção de 69% de cor, 62% de turbidez e pequena remoção de DQO, utilizando-se 4000 mg. L-1 e pH 4. Ambos os coagulantes apresentaram elevadas eficiências de remoção de cor e turbidez, entretanto o coagulante natural necessita de um melhor preparo para que contribua também na remoção de DQO.

This article aims to investigate the use of conceptual metaphors in texts published in the periodical Debates em Psiquiatria, between the years of 2011 and 2015. The texts are all about Bipolar Disorder. Our goals with this paper were to investigate which metaphors could be deduced from the linguistic expressions used by the medical class in the subjects related to Bipolar Disorder, to analyze how these expressions are related to a supposed mental illness, and how they can give indications about their conceptualization. In order to do so, we take metaphor not as a simple rhetorical figure, but as a fundamental cognitive operation that, from the seminal studies of Lakoff and Johnson, comes to be perceived as an essential component of everyday language and also in the ordinary way of conceptualizing the world. The results pointed that the required sources used for the conceptualization of the alleged disease were based on a relatively small number, and the most prevalent domain was war.

Background: Endovascular treatment in trauma is a promising strategy to reduce perioperative morbidity and mortality. We report the case of a gunshot wound causing an initially undiagnosed subclavian artery injury, with delayed progression to a complex, difficult-to-manage arteriovenous (AV) fistula. Placement of an encapsulated endovascular stent graft resolved the primary lesion, but persistent cervical arteriovenous communications were only repaired after multiple, sequential embolization procedures. Report: A 25-year-old male sustained a gunshot wound to the right neck. Initial treatment failed to identify any vascular injury, and the patient was discharged. Three weeks later, he presented to our facility with headache and a palpable right-sided cervical thrill. Arteriography showed contrast extravasation from the right subclavian artery and an AV fistula with the ipsilateral internal jugular vein. The arterial injury was repaired with an encapsulated stent graft, but residual contrast leak persisted on follow-up angiography. Three months after the first intervention, cervical thrill was still present; a right vertebral–right internal jugular AV fistula was identified and repaired by distal coil embolization. One month later, persistent symptoms prompted repeat arteriography, which again identified contrast extravasation, now involving the thyrocervical trunk. Selective thyrocervical embolization was ultimately successful, with resolution of symptoms and no further evidence of contrast leak. Conclusion: Delayed management of neck trauma can be challenging due to neovascularization, which hinders open repair in this delicate region. Post-traumatic arteriovenous fistulas are thus a particularly fearsome complication, and can be very difficult to approach; as in our patient, multiple interventions may be required. This case highlights the importance of detecting vascular trauma as early as possible, as a delay in diagnosis can hinder treatment and eventuate challenging late complications. Further studies are needed to demonstrate the long-term benefits of endovascular management of complex vascular injuries of the neck region.

Background: There are few reports of miscarriages or stillbirths in women infected with SARS-CoV-2. We present five consecutive cases of fetal death (≥12 weeks) without other putative causes in women with laboratory-confirmed (RT-PCR) COVID-19 managed in a single Brazilian institution. Case series: All five women were outpatients with mild or moderate forms of COVID-19 and were not taking any medication. Four were nulliparous, all were overweight or obese, and none had any comorbidities or pregnancy complications that could contribute to fetal demise. Fetal death occurred at 21–38 weeks of gestation, on COVID-days 1–22. SARS-Cov-2 was detected by RT-PCR in amniotic fluid in one case and in placental specimens in two cases. All five women had acute chorioamnionitis on placental histology, massive deposition of fibrin, mixed intervillitis/villitis, and intense neutrophil and lymphocyte infiltration. One fetus had neutrophils inside alveolar spaces, suggestive of fetal infection. Conclusions: These five cases of fetal demise in women with confirmed COVID-19 without any other significant clinical or obstetric disorders suggest that fetal death can be an outcome of SARS-CoV-2 infection in pregnancy. The intense placental inflammatory reaction in all five cases raises the possibility of a direct effect of SARS-CoV-2 on the placenta.

The effects of nitrogen (N) dose and urea source on forage mass (FM), percentage of dry matter of leaf blades (LBDMP), stem (SDMP), and dead material (DMDMP), and the forage accumulation rate (FAR) of Panicum maximum ‘Massai’ (massai grass) were evaluated. We set up an experiment with a completely randomized block design in a factorial arrangement (3×2) + 1, consisting of three doses (100, 200, and 400 kg ha–1 year–1), two urea sources (common and coated with Policote®), and a control treatment, in five consecutive climatic seasons, including the summers of 2011/2012 (summer I), autumn, winter, and spring of 2012, and the summers of 2012/2013 (summer II). We found an interaction effect between N dose, urea source, and season (p < 0.05). LBDMP linearly increased during dry periods (autumn and winter) and SDMP in autumn and DMDMP in winter linearly decreased when coated urea were used. FAR showed a linear increase with the use of both urea sources, except for common urea in autumn, and the increases in the winter were owing to a greater contribution of leaf blades to FM. The use of coated urea for N fertilization linearly increases FAR in all seasons of the year and improves the morphological composition of the forage of massai grass, mainly in dry seasons.

Este artigo busca analisar as práticas de esporte, lazer e cultura que têm tido visibilidade, no Brasil, de diversas formas, especialmente voltadas para crianças e adolescentes, no âmbito dos direitos e das atuações de organizações mundiais. Considerando a incidência e a legitimidade internacional da Organização das Nações Unidas para Educação, Ciência e Cultura (UNESCO), no país, este trabalho, uma pesquisa histórica e documental, objetiva descrever e analisar, através do método histórico-genealógico baseado em Michel Foucault, as práticas da UNESCO, no Brasil, de 1990 a 2010, a respeito do direito ao esporte, lazer e cultura de crianças e adolescentes. Os resultados apresentam o levantamento de literatura das temáticas do estudo: história e direitos da criança e do adolescente; cultura, esporte e lazer; sociedade contemporânea e mecanismos de segurança; políticas públicas frente à UNESCO e ECA, relacionando-as com as propostas de práticas da UNESCO por meio da descrição e análise de relatórios elaborados por esse órgão. É relevante problematizar as práticas, no Brasil, para realizar questionamentos como contribuição para a sociedade, sem cristalizar verdades.

Avaliou-se a eficiência de doses de nitrogênio (N) e fontes de ureia sobre as variáveis massa de forragem (MF), porcentagens de massa seca de lâminas foliares (PMSLF), colmos (PMSC) e de material morto (PMSMM), além da taxa de acúmulo de forragem (TAF) do Panicum maximum cv. Massai (capim Massai). Para tanto, delineou-se um experimento em blocos completos casualizados, em arranjo fatorial (3x2) + 1; constando de três doses de N (100, 200 e 400 kg ha-1 ano-1), duas fontes ureia (comum e revestida com Policote®) e um tratamento controle, em cinco estações climáticas consecutivas, verão de 2011/2012 (verão I), outono, inverno e primavera de 2012, e verão de 2012/2013 (verão II). As variáveis analisadas apresentaram efeito de interação entre dose de N, fonte de ureia e estações do ano (p < 0,05). Houve aumento linear da PMSLF durante o período seco (outono e inverno) e redução linear da PMSC no outono e da PMSMM no inverno para o uso da ureia revestida. As TAF apresentaram aumento linear com uso de ambas às fontes de ureia, exceto para ureia comum no outono, e aquelas obtidas durante o inverno ocorreram em função das maiores participações de lâminas foliares nas MF. O aumento da adubação nitrogenada com ureia revestida aumenta de forma linear positiva a taxa de acúmulo de forragem em todas as estações do ano e melhora a composição morfológica da forragem do capim Massai, principalmente em estações com déficit hídrico.

Este trabalho tem por objetivo analisar os discursos das políticas públicas de saúde para a população LGBT de Florianópolis, Santa Catarina. Para tanto, parte das discussões sobre a governamentalização, a biopolítica e sobre a cisão entre as modalidades de subjetividade, relacionando o dispositivo crônico da aids aos enunciados materializados no I Plano Municipal de Políticas Públicas e Direitos Humanos de Lésbicas, Gays, Bissexuais, Travestis, Transexuais e Transgêneros (PMLGBT I), publicado em 2012, e no II Plano Municipal de Políticas Públicas e Direitos Humanos de Lésbicas, Gays, Bissexuais, Travestis e Transexuais (PMLGBT II), publicado em 2017. Observa-se que, entre os discursos, há importantes deslocamentos históricos em funcionamento, seja da perspectiva da positivação das sexualidades não-heteronormativas, seja segundo a ordem das resistências e da luta pelos direitos da população LGBT, que redundam em enunciados menos estigmatizantes quanto às práticas afetivas e sexuais e sua relação com os enunciados do risco e do perigo. Conclui-se, a partir das análises, que no interior de uma biopolítica menor, as políticas públicas de Florianópolis para a população LGBT têm se marcado pela problematização dos direitos humanos e pela assunção de corporalidades e subjetividades dissidentes no interior das estratégias de cidadania e de cuidado, não obstante os limites com que opera o biopoder na contemporaneidade.

Clinical trials are normally performed with well-known brands of glass ionomer cement (GIC), but the cost of these materials is high for public healthcare in less-affluent communities. Given the need to research cheaper materials, it seems pertinent to investigate the retention rate of a low-cost GIC applied as atraumatic restorative treatment (ART) sealants in two centers in Brazil. Four hundred and thirty-seven 6-to-8-year-old schoolchildren were selected in two cities in Brazil. The children were randomly divided into two groups, according to the tested GIC applied in the first permanent molars. The retention rate was evaluated after 3, 6 and 12 months. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and the log-rank test were performed. The variables were tested for association with sealant longevity, using logistic regression analyses (α = 5%). The retention rate of sealants after 12 months was 19.1%. The high-cost GIC brand presented a 2-fold-more-likely-to-survive rate than the low-cost brand (p < 0.001). Significant difference was also found between the cities where the treatments were performed, in that Barueri presented a higher sealant survival rate than Recife (p < 0.001). The retention rate of a low-cost GIC sealant brand was markedly lower than that of a well-known GIC sealant brand.

A ausência do desenvolvimento da linguagem pode resultar em diversos problemas. Uma população a qual pode ser bastante afetada por déficits de linguagem é a população nascida cega. O objetivo desta revisão sistemática da literatura foi compilar estudos empíricos que tiveram por alvo descrever e/ou avaliar o desenvolvimento de comportamentos pré-linguísticos e linguísticos iniciais em crianças cegas congênitas. Foram encontrados 19 estudos que possuíam todos os critérios definidos para esta revisão bibliográfica. Os 19 estudos foram analisados em relação: a) a quais bases de dados e periódicos publicaram e arquivam tais artigos; b) ao número de estudos envolvendo: primeiras palavras, alcançar e buscar objetos, atenção conjunta, e outros comportamentos linguísticos; à presença ou ausência de definições operacionais dos comportamentos-alvo; d) aos objetivos dos estudos. Os estudos foram publicados em 11 periódicos diferentes. A maior parte dos estudos tinha como foco as primeiras palavras dos participantes. Em relação às definições operacionais, 15 estudos possuíam alguma informação acerca de tal definição. O presente artigo sintetiza diversos estudos que abordam o desenvolvimento da linguagem em crianças cegas congênitas e pode ser utilizado como um guia para pesquisas futuras na área.

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the erosive potential of different types (concentrated and powdered) and commercial brands of industrialised grape juices. The pH of all five fruit drinks was measured at two time points: immediately after preparation and 24 hours later. Sixty specimens of bovine enamel were randomly allocated and immersed in different types of grape juice (n = 10) for 10 minutes four times a day for fifteen days. The enamel alteration was analysed using surface Knoop microhardness (KHN) and surface roughness (Ra) tests at baseline and on the 5th, 10th and 15th days of the experiment. Two way ANOVA, Tukey's post hoc and Pearson's correlation tests were used for statistical analysis (α = 5%). The grape juices presented pH values ranging from 2.9 to 3.5. All of the tested juices promoted significant enamel mineral loss (p < 0.05) on the first evaluation (5th day of immersion) and produced a significant increase in the mean roughness from the 10th day on when compared to the control group (p < 0.05). By the 15th day, all of the beverages had produced surface roughnesses that were significantly higher than that of the control group. The results suggest that all grape juices, regardless of their commercial presentation, present erosive potential.

This in vitro study evaluated the bond strength of adhesive restorative materials to sound and eroded dentin. Thirty-six bovine incisors were embedded in acrylic resin and ground to obtain flat buccal dentin surfaces. Specimens were randomly allocated in 2 groups: sound dentin (immersion in artificial saliva) and eroded dentin (pH cycling model - 3× / cola drink for 7 days). Specimens were then reassigned according to restorative material: glass ionomer cement (KetacTM Molar Easy Mix), resin-modified glass ionomer cement (VitremerTM) or adhesive system with resin composite (Adper Single Bond 2 + Filtek Z250). Polyethylene tubes with an internal diameter of 0.76 mm were placed over the dentin and filled with the material. The microshear bond test was performed after 24 h of water storage at 37ºC. The failure mode was evaluated using a stereomicroscope (400×). Bond strength data were analyzed with two-way ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc tests (α = 0.05). Eroded dentin showed bond strength values similar to those for sound dentin for all materials. The adhesive system showed the highest bond strength values, regardless of the substrate (p < 0.0001). For all groups, the adhesive/mixed failure prevailed. In conclusion, adhesive materials may be used in eroded dentin without jeopardizing the bonding quality. It is preferable to use an etch-and-rinse adhesive system because it shows the highest bond strength values compared with the glass ionomer cements tested.

Objective: To assess the characteristics of special needs patients assisted at the Clinic of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Pará. Methods: A descriptive observational study conducted from March 2007 to December 2009, assessing 137 records of which were extracted the following data: gender, age, origin, current and past medical history, type of special needs and major oral diseases. We applied descriptive statistics, one-dimensional frequency table and prepared graphs of the results. Results: We found 77 (56.2%) male patients, with mean age of 8.1 years; 118 (86.2%) living in the state capital of Para, 21 (15.3%) with respiratory problems, 37 (27.3%) with some allergy to medications and 54 (39.4%) making use of controlled drugs. Regarding the type of special need, we observed that 29 (28.3%) had neurologic and psychomotor delay and the primary oral disease found was dental caries, affecting 84 (61.3%) subjects. Conclusion: The assessed profile of patients with special needs is characterized by patients residing in the state capital of Para, with predominance of male children, with neurologic and psychomotor delay, with a mean age of 8.1 years, presenting mainly caries

Objective: To assess the characteristics of special needs patients assisted at the Clinic of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Pará. Methods: A descriptive observational study conducted from March 2007 to December 2009, assessing 137 records of which were extracted the following data: gender, age, origin, current and past medical history, type of special needs and major oral diseases. We applied descriptive statistics, one-dimensional frequency table and prepared graphs of the results. Results: We found 77 (56.2%) male patients, with mean age of 8.1 years; 118 (86.2%) living in the state capital of Para, 21 (15.3%) with respiratory problems, 37 (27.3%) with some allergy to medicationsand 54 (39.4%) making use of controlled drugs. Regarding the type of special need, we observed that 29 (28.3%) had neurologic and psychomotor delay and the primary oral disease found was dental caries, affecting 84 (61.3%) subjects. Conclusion: The assessedprofile of patients with special needs is characterized by patients residing in the state capital of Para, with predominance of male children, with neurologic and psychomotor delay, witha mean age of 8.1 years, presenting mainly caries.

O aumento considerável da expectativa de vida dos pacientes infectados pelo HIV na era do tratamento antirretroviral de alta potência, resulta em importantes alterações metabólicas e osteoarticulares decorrentes do prolongado tempo de infecção viral e desse tratamento. As complicações ortopédicas mais frequentes são as alterações da mineralização óssea, a osteonecrose, síndrome do túnel do carpo e capsulite adesiva glenoumeral, com padrão de apresentação clínica, evolução natural da doença e resposta terapêutica diferentes daqueles da população geral. Os relatos da literatura são iniciais e a experiência do serviço multidisciplinar do Instituto de Ortopedia e Traumatologia da USP permite avanço no conhecimento das diversas patologias envolvidas e o desenvolvimento de protocolos de tratamento adequados a esses diagnósticos.The considerable increase of the life expectancy of HIV-infected patients in the age of highly-powerful antiretroviral treatment results in important metabolic and bone-joint changes resulting from a long-lasting viral infection time and from this treatment. The most common orthopaedic complications are bone mineralization changes, osteonecrosis, carpal tunnel syndrome and gleno-humeral adhesive capsulitis, with different clinical presentation features, natural disease progression and therapeutic response compared to the overall population. Literature reports are initial, and the experience of the multidisciplinary service of the University of São Paulo's Institute of Orthopaedics and Traumatology enables us a more in-depth knowledge about the various pathologies involved and the development of treatment protocols that are appropriate to these diagnoses.

In this manuscript, seasonal and spatial trends of water collected from two sampling places in the Preto River in the Turvo-Grande watershed were evaluated. Water samples were collected during June/07 to July/08 and parameters sulphate, total organic carbon, ammonia, conductivity, dissolved oxygen, temperature, dissolved total solids and nitrate were quantified. Seasonal trend indicated sanitary effluents as a point source of contamination in both sampling points. Vertical trends demonstrated that the Municipal Dam was not stratified and received a diffuse source of pollutants from flooding and agriculture runoffs. It was also verified that there is relatively fast ammonia consumption kinetics having a half-life time of 1.43 h which can explain the low ammonia concentrations found in these aquatic bodies.

O objetivo do estudo foi descrever a prevalência de sobrepeso entre escolares da rede municipal de ensino do município de Matias Barbosa - MG. A amostra foi composta por 501 crianças de ambos os sexos e idade entre 6 e 12 anos. Foram coletados valores referentes à massa corporal e estatura para em seguida classificar quanto ao Índice de Massa Corporal (baixo peso/eutrofia/sobrepeso). Os dados são apresentados em valores de média, desvio padrão e porcentagem, sendo o teste “t” de Student usado para analisar a média do IMC por grupo etário. Foi verificado que a prevalência de sobrepeso foi de 15,38% para o sexo masculino, 8,77% para o feminino e 12,37% para a amostra total, sendo a prevalência no sexo masculino superior a observada no feminino. Assim, conclui-se que os valores de sobrepeso observados entre os escolares de Matias Barbosa, principalmente entre os indivíduos do sexo masculino, servem como forma de alerta e indicam a necessidade de intervenção por parte das escolas pesquisadas.