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Abstract This study evaluated the biocompatibility, bioactivity, porosity, and sealer/dentin interface of Sealer Plus BC (SP), Bio-C Sealer (BIOC), TotalFill BC Sealer (TF), and AH Plus (AHP). Dentin tubes filled with the sealers and empty tubes (control group) were implanted in the subcutaneous tissue of rats for different periods (n = 6 per group/period). Number of inflammatory cells (ICs), capsule thickness, von Kossa reaction, interleukin-6 (IL-6) and osteocalcin (OCN) were evaluated. Porosity and voids in the interface dentin/sealers were assessed by micro-computed tomography. The data were submitted to ANOVA/Tukey’s tests (α = 0.05). Greater capsule thickness, ICs and IL-6 immunolabeling cells were observed in AHP. No significant difference in thickness of capsule, ICs, and IL-6- immunolabeling cells was detected between SP and TF, in all periods, and after 30 and 60 days between all groups. At 60 days all groups had reduction in capsule thickness, ICs and IL-6 immunolabeling cells. Von Kossa-positive and birefringent structures were observed in the capsules around the sealers. BIOC, SP, and TF exhibited OCN-immunolabeling cells. All sealers had porosity values below 5%, besides low and similar interface voids. BIOC, SP and TF are biocompatible, bioactive, and have low porosity and voids. The dentin-tube model used is an alternative for evaluating bioceramic materials.

ABSTRACT Obtaining introgression lines of saladete-type dwarf tomato plants can provide several advantages in breeding programs. In addition to increasing productivity, the dwarf plant can produce metabolites that are important to resistance to biotic stress. However, there are no saladette-type dwarf tomato introgression lines. The objective of this study was to evaluate the agronomic potential, fruit quality, and secondary metabolites associated with pest resistance for the development saladette-type dwarf tomato introgression lines. The experiment was conducted with 23 treatments, including the UFU MC TOM 1 donor parent, the UFU TOM 5 recurrent parent, the Pizzadoro commercial cultivar (control), 5 populations from the first backcross, and 15 populations from the second backcross. Agronomic and nutraceutical characteristics of fruits and the acylsugar content in the leaflets were evaluated. The genetic dissimilarity was calculated using the generalized Mahalanobis distance (D2). Genetic gain through selection was estimated using the rank sum index and the genotype-ideotype distance index. The selection indices showed the importance of obtaining the second backcross. The populations UFU_13_1, UFU_17_1, UFU_10_1, UFUi_11_3, UFUi_10_3, and UFU_11_2 have the potential to obtain introgression lines as they present good agronomic and fruit quality characteristics and acylsugar content similar to UFU MC TOM 1. The dwarf tomato germplasm obtained has significant genetic variability and a saladette-type genetic background with the potential to develop introgression lines. The cultivar UFU MC TOM 1 is promising and can overcome the wild access Solanum pennellii for breeding programs aimed at pest resistance, increasing productivity, and biofortification of fruits to enhance carotenoids.

Abstract Intracanal medications are used in endodontic treatment due to their antibacterial activity and ability to induce the periapical repair. Among the intracanal medications, the Calen (CAL; SS. White, Brazil) is a calcium hydroxide-based medication that provides an alkaline pH and releases calcium, exerting an antimicrobial activity. Bio-C Temp (BIO; Angelus, Brazil), a ready-to-use bioceramic intracanal medication, was designed to stimulate the mineralized tissues formation. Here, we investigated the bioactive potential of BIO in comparison to the CAL in the rat subcutaneous. Polyethylene tubes filled with medications, and empty tubes (control group, CG) were implanted in the subcutaneous tissue of rats. After 7, 15, 30 and 60 days, the blood was collected for calcium (Ca+2) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) measurement, and the capsules around the implants were processed for morphological analyses. The data were submitted to two-way ANOVA and Tukey test (p

The objective of this study was to evaluate if the inclusion of a blend composed of exogenous enzymes (amylase, protease, cellulase, xylanase and beta glucanase) in the individual and combined form in the feedlot steers diet has benefits on the physiology, rumen fermentation, digestibility and fatty acid profile in rumen and meat. The experiment used 24 animals, divided into 4 treatments, described as: T1-CON, T2-BLEND (0.5 g mixture of enzyme), T3-AMIL (0.5 g alpha-amylase), T4-BLEND+AMIL (0.5 g enzyme blend+ 0.5 g amylase). The concentration of mineral matter was higher in the meat of cattle of T4-BLEND+AMIL. A higher proportion of monounsaturated fatty acids was observed in the T3-AMIL group when compared to the others. The percentage of polyunsaturated fatty acids was higher in the T2-BLEND and T4-BLEND+AMIL compared to the T1-CON. The combination of exogenous enzymes in the diet positively modulate nutritional biomarkers, in addition to benefits in the lipid and oxidative profile meat.

IntroductionThe variation in bacterial communities among breeds has been previously reported and may be one of the reasons why Holstein × Gyr dairy heifers have better development in grazing systems in tropical conditions. This study aimed to explore the ruminal microbiota composition, the IL-1β gene variation, tick incidence, and blood parameters of Holstein × Gyr (½ Holstein × ½ Gyr) and Holstein heifers grazing intensely managed Guinea grass (Panicum maximum Jacq. cv. Mombaça).MethodsSixteen heifers were divided into two groups consisting of 8 Holstein × Gyr and 8 Holstein heifers. The experimental period was comprised of 3 periods of 21 days. Ruminal samples were taken via the stomach tube technique. The sequencing of the V4 hypervariable region of the 16S rRNA gene was performed using the Illumina MiSeq platform. Counting and collection of ticks were conducted each 21 days. Blood and skeletal muscle tissue biopsies were performed at the end of the experiment.ResultsFirmicutes were the most abundant phyla present in both breed rumen samples and Bacteroidota showed differences in relative abundance between breed groups, with greater values for Holstein heifers (p

Diversos estudos publicados sobre bullying trazem conceitos, epidemiologia e, principalmente, consequências dessa prática nos dias de hoje. No entanto, observou-se que uma menor parte deles traz intervenções que possam ser realizadas para prevenir potenciais consequências dessa prática. O objetivo deste estudo é buscar na literatura ações sugeridas para evitar essa violência. Com isso, foi feita uma revisão sobre intervenções anti-bullying já aplicadas. Embora a maioria dos estudos não contemple esse dado, alguns dão ênfase ao combate. Houve apontamentos na personalidade, tanto do agressor, quanto da vítima, como fator desencadeante ou fator protetor e, também, testemunhar agressões como potencial inibidor. Portanto, uma das práticas que foram observadas no combate foi tornar os adolescentes protagonistas no enfrentamento, inclusive trazendo suas questões individuais para potencial melhora das relações interpessoais.

The use of dwarf plants in tomato breeding has provided several advantages. However, there are no identified dwarf plants (dd) containing the self-pruning habit (spsp). The aim of this work was to obtain future generations, characterize the germplasm, and select potential dwarf plants with a determinate growth habit to obtain Salad-type lines. The work was started by carrying out hybridization, followed by the first, second, and third backcrosses. Once F2BC3 seeds became available, the introgression of the self-pruning gene (spsp) into dwarf plants (dd) began. Three strains of normal architecture and a determinate growth habit were hybridized with two strains of dwarf size and an indeterminate growth habit, thus yielding four hybrids. Additionally, donor genotype UFU MC TOM1, the commercial cultivar Santa Clara, and the wild accession Solanum pennellii were used in the experiment. Agronomic traits, fruit quality, metabolomics, and acylsugars content were evaluated, and dwarf plants with a determinate growth habit were selected. Hybrid 3 exhibited the highest yields. Visual differences between determinate and indeterminate dwarf plant seedlings were observed. It is suggested to carry out five self-pollinations of the best dwarf plant determined and subsequent hybridization with homozygous lines of normal plant architecture and determinate growth habit to obtain hybrids.

Carrots (Daucus carota L.), a globally significant vegetable, lack extensive research on heterotic groups and diallel analysis to generate hybrid combinations. Thus, the objective of this study was to assess combining abilities and identify optimal carrot parents for producing hybrids suitable for tropical climates with elevated metabolite levels. Twenty carrot hybrids, ten parent plants, and three commercial cultivars were evaluated during the summers of 2020/2021 and 2021/2022. Agronomic evaluations were carried out and chlorophyll and carotenoid levels were determined, followed by a diallel analysis using Griffing’s Method III and GGE biplot analysis. There were significant general combining ability (GCA) effects for various agronomic traits, suggesting additive genetic effects. Based on GCA, cultivars 5, 4, and 2 were the most promising parents. Specific combining ability (SCA) revealed that hybrids 1 × 2 and 3 × 5 stood out in environment 1, whereas hybrids 1 × 5 and 5 × 3 performed well in environment 2. The GGE biplot analysis showed that hybrids 1 × 2 and 3 × 2 displayed larger average root diameters, belonged to the group with the best bolting percentages, and exhibited stability across environments. Moreover, hybrids 2 × 4, 3 × 1, 4 × 1, and 4 × 2 exhibited higher metabolite levels. These findings suggest the feasibility of obtaining superior hybrids tailored for the tropical carrot market.

The objective of this study was to verify the genetic dissimilarity and validate image phenotyping using RGB (red, green, and blue) sensors in tropical carrot germplasms. The experiment was conducted in the city of Carandaí-MG, Brazil, using 57 tropical carrot entries from Seminis and three commercial entries. The entries were evaluated agronomically and two flights with Remotely Piloted Aircraft (RPA) were conducted. Clustering was performed to validate the existence of genetic variability among the entries using an artificial neural network to produce a Kohonen’s self-organizing map. The genotype–ideotype distance index was used to verify the best entries. Genetic variability among the tropical carrot entries was evidenced by the formation of six groups. The Brightness Index (BI), Primary Colors Hue Index (HI), Overall Hue Index (HUE), Normalized Green Red Difference Index (NGRDI), Soil Color Index (SCI), and Visible Atmospherically Resistant Index (VARI), as well as the calculated areas of marketable, unmarketable, and total roots, were correlated with agronomic characters, including leaf blight severity and root yield. This indicates that tropical carrot materials can be indirectly evaluated via remote sensing. Ten entries were selected using the genotype–ideotype distance (2, 15, 16, 22, 34, 37, 39, 51, 52, and 53), confirming the superiority of the entries.

This study determined whether the isomeric or isoenergetic/isoproteic substitution of corn in the diet of Jersey heifers in the rearing phase with cracker residue would impair growth and health, as well as reducing production costs. Fourteen Jersey females in the growth phase were used, separated into two treatments with seven animals in each lot in collective pens. The experiment used 7-month-old animals (169.8 ± 2.89 kg) and lasted for four months. In Experiment I, the animals were divided into two groups: treatment, with the partial replacement of 40% corn with cracker residue, and control, in which the animals consumed the same diet with 100% corn (isometric diet kg for kg). In Experiment II, the animals with a body weight of 200.2 ± 3.85 kg were divided into two groups: Treatment, replacing 100% of the corn with cracker residue, and control, in which the animals consumed an isoprotein and isoenergetic diet but with 100% of the corn in the formulation. The diet consisted of concentrate, Tifton 85 hay, and corn silage, supplied twice a day individually, with animals contained in their feeders by kennels. There was water ad libitum in the bay. Biweekly weighing and monthly blood analysis were performed, totaling four collections per part for hematologic evaluation, carbohydrate, lipid, and protein metabolism variables. At the end of each experiment, ruminal fluid was collected to measure the volatile fatty acid profile, and feces were collected to determine the apparent digestibility coefficient (ADC). Experiments I and II showed no effect of treatment on body weight, weight gain, average daily weight gain, feed intake, and feed efficiency. There was no effect of treatment on leukocyte, erythrocyte, lymphocyte, neutrophil, monocyte, and eosinophil counts, hematocrit, and hemoglobin concentration (p > 0.05). Experiment I showed a difference between groups for the variables albumin, globulin, total proteins, cholesterol, glucose, and urea, which did not happen in Experiment II. In both experiments, a higher ADC of nutrients was found in the treatment group which had cracker residue (p > 0.05). The concentration of volatile fatty acids in Experiment I was higher in the control group, unlike in Experiment II, where the highest concentration was in the treatment group (p > 0.05). Because experiment I had an isometric substitution, the diets had different bromatological composition, which is the probable cause of the difference between groups; this did not happen in experiment II, in which the diets consumed by the animals was isoproteic and isoenergetic. Based on these data we conclude that the substitution of cracker residue in an isomeric or isoenergetic/isoproteic form does not negatively affect weight gain and animal health, as well as reduces the cost of the concentrate, consequently reducing the cost of production of these animals.

O transtorno de escoriação (TE), ou seja, hábito de ocasionar lesões de pele, geralmente na face, causando prejuízo funcional é algo frequente na psicopatologia psiquiátrica, porém ainda pouco frequente na prática clínica. Menos de 20% dos pacientes com TE procuram tratamento. Neste trabalho, foi realizada revisão bibliográfica sobre o tema proposto e possibilidades de abordagens estabelecidas. O tratamento da TE com Terapia de Reversão de Hábitos (TRH) é considerado eficaz. Esta terapia é baseada em quatro técnicas: consciência, prática de resposta competitiva, motivação e generalização. Os principais psicofármacos avaliados foram os Inibidores Seletivos da Recaptação de Serotonina (ISRS), apresentando resultados controversos. Outra abordagem que também aborda a reversão de hábitos é o Protocolo de Rothbaum (RP), que associa o gerenciamento do estresse na gestão. Ao contrário da TRH, a RP aborda sintomas depressivos e ansiosos concomitantes. Ainda há alguma discordância em relação ao tratamento do Transtorno de Escoriação. Terapias com maior aplicabilidade apresentam melhores resultados para mudança de hábitos intrínsecos. Os psicotrópicos para controle dos impulsos corroboram com maior consciência e, consequentemente, evitação dos sintomas.

Our objectives were to evaluate the use of cottonseed cake in replacing corn silage in a diet without forage and to identify the model with higher precision and accuracy of adjustment of parameters of ruminal degradation kinetics. A diet containing corn silage and another with cottonseed cake as a fiber source were formulated. Gompertz, Dual-pool Logistic, Brody, and Ørskov models were evaluated for goodness of fit to gas production. There were significant differences in dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) in the in vitro digestibility for diets and fiber sources. The estimated values of the Gompertz (6.77), Brody (6.72), and Ørskov (6.73) models were similar to the observed mean of gas production in the corn silage diet (6.73 mL/100 mg DM). Similarly, the estimated values of the Brody (5.87) and Ørskov (5.89) models were similar to the observed mean of gas production in the cottonseed cake diet (5.87 mL/100 mg DM). The roughage-free diet containing cottonseed cake as a fiber source stimulated higher gas production. Brody and Ørskov models presented higher precision and accuracy in the fitting of kinetics of degradation independent of the fiber source in the diet.

Abstract Our purpose was to evaluate the biocompatibility and hepatotoxicity of a new bioceramic intracanal medicament, Bio-C Temp (BIO). The biological properties of BIO were compared with calcium hydroxide-based intracanal medicament (Calen; CAL), used as gold pattern. Polyethylene tubes filled with BIO or CAL, and empty tubes (control group, CG) were implanted into subcutaneous tissue of rats. After 7, 15, 30 and 60 days, the samples were embedded in paraffin for morphological, quantitative and immunohistochemistry analyses. At 7 and 60 days, blood samples were collected for analysis of serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) and glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (GPT) levels. The data were submitted to two-way ANOVA and Tukey’s test (p ≤ 0.05). No significant difference was detected in serum GOT and GPT levels among BIO, CAL and CG specimens. In all periods, BIO specimens exhibited lower number of inflammatory cells and immunoexpression of IL-6, a pro-inflammatory cytokine, than CAL specimens. The reduction of these parameters was accompanied by significant increase in the collagen content and in the immunoexpression of IL-10, a cytokine involved in the tissue repair, over time. Our findings indicate that Bio-C Temp is biocompatible and had no hepatotoxicity effect.

Diversos estudos têm sido publicados sobre agressividade nos serviços de emergência médica e em internações psiquiátricas. No entanto, fica o questionamento de sua prevalência nos serviços de emergência psiquiátrica, especificamente, já que muitas vezes é nela que se tem o primeiro atendimento destes pacientes. Com isso, foi feita uma revisão na literatura sobre a prevalência de agressividade nos serviços de emergência psiquiátrica. Embora os estudos existentes apresentem dados variáveis pelos diferentes delineamentos e populações estudadas, foi encontrada uma porcentagem bastante relevante de agressividade na população pediátrica, diferente da encontrada no outro extremo de idade, um décimo dos idosos com menos de sessenta e cinco anos tiveram comportamento agressivo. Houve divergência em relação aos moradores de rua, os não moradores de rua eram levemente mais agressivos que os moradores de rua em um estudo, em contrapartida em outro os autores afirmam que o fato de ser não desabrigado ou morador de rua não seria relevante na prevalência da agressividade. De uma maneira geral a agressividade foi bastante prevalente nestes locais de trabalho, contendo poucos estudos visando um melhor desfecho para estes eventos. Com isso, os autores fazem algumas recomendações no final para estudos futuros.

Introdução: A saúde é um direito fundamental do ser humano e tem sido pauta de debates entre diversas esferas devido a constante transformação de avanços e retrocessos na área que penalizam os direitos humanos. O desemprego, a baixa renda ou a falta de políticas públicas faz com que a população busque amparo judicial para suprir as necessidades do que lhe é de direito fundamental, na busca de garantir um tratamento digno, e que não haja falta de medicamentos. Para a garantia dos medicamentos mais utilizados pela população, estabeleceuse uma relação nacional de edicamentos essenciais (RENAME), eleitos com base nas necessidades da população para tratar as principais patologias que a acometem, sendo os mais eficazes e seguros, para serem distribuídos gratuitamente, com o objetivo de direcionar os prescritores e servir de agente nacionalizador das ações em saúde. Contudo, nem todos os medicamentos conseguem suprir as necessidades de toda a população e suas patologias, tendo a necessidade de escolha de outra terapia medicamentosa, o que aumenta a judicialização, esta que é uma pratica utilizada quando o direito não é cumprido pelo Estado, tendo a necessidade de acionar a via judicial para garantir aos cidadãos os seus direitos constitucionais sobre a assistência. Objetivo: Apresentar o conhecimento dos moradores do município do interior da Bahia a respeito do tema Judicialização da saúde e o acesso aos medicamentos distribuídos gratuitamente do SUS. Método: Estudo realizado por meio de um questionário estruturado online, isponível nas redes sociais dos entrevistados, do período entre os dias 9 de maio a 30 de maio de 2018. A entrevista foi aprovada pelo comitê de Ética e pesquisa da instituição e os entrevistados assinaram o termo de consentimento livre e esclarecido. Resultados: Foram obtidas 108 respostas, realizadas por meio de um formulário online de ambos os sexos. A partir da pesquisa constata-se que 86 pessoas não possuem o cartão do SUS, 92 delas mostraram não ter conhecimentos da REMUME e 63 não costumam fazer uso dos medicamentos gratuitos. Mais de 50% das respostas evidenciaram que as pessoas não possuem conhecimento do que é a judicialização da saúde e apenas 24 delas conhecem alguém que já ajuizaram uma ação contra seu município. Dos 108 entrevistados nenhum nunca entrou com uma ação para garantir o direito de algum medicamento. Dentre os entrevistados 53% relataram que já precisaram dos medicamentos, porém os mesmos estavam em falta nos postos de saúde. Conclusão: Diante de tais fatores, observa-se que o conhecimento populacional sobre judicialização medicamentosa é deficiente e o entendimento sobre direitos básicos da saúde são escassos. Além disso, os entrevistados já deixaram de ter acesso aos medicamentos de que precisam devido a falta de medicamentos no município. Assim, o presente estudo demonstrou que a população local desconhece seus direitos e não tem conhecimento sobre os medicamentos disponibilizados no seu município.

ABSTRACT We aimed to evaluate the effects of the addition of oregano (Origanum vulgare) or green tea (Camellia sinensis L.) extracts (separately and associated) on feed intake, milk production, and hematological and antioxidant profiles of dairy cows. For that purpose, 16 Holstein and 16 Holstein-Gyr cows with 526.3±10.2 kg and within the first third of lactation were distributed according to a complete block design with measurements repeated in time. Treatments were control (CON), addition of 0.056% of oregano extract (OR), addition of 0.028% of green tea extract (GT), addition of a mixture of OR and GT extract (0.056% each) in the diet (MIX). Hematological and antioxidant profiles were monitored. Data were subjected to ANOVA, with block, treatment, days, and their interactions considered as fixed effects and animal and the residue as random effects. In Holstein cows, GT increased feed intake and milk yield compared with CON; in Holstein-Gyr crossbred cows, OR showed increased intake and GT increased milk yield compared with CON. Compared with CON, GT and OR decreased eosinophils concentration; OR showed the highest neutrophils concentration and neutrophils to leukocyte ratio. Compared with CON, OR presented increased catalase (CAT) activity, while GT increased the reduced glutathione concentration. The MIX treatment reduced CAT activity compared with OR, presented the lowest concentration of oxidized dichlorofluorescein in the erythrocytes (DCFER) and plasma (DCFPLA), and increased eosinophils concentration compared with GT and OR. Extracts differently affected feed intake and milk yield depending on genetic group. Feeding green tea and oregano extracts separately or associated distinctly affects the antioxidant indicators of lactating dairy cows.

Recent studies show that the metabolic characteristics of different leukocytes, such as, lymphocytes, neutrophils, and macrophages, undergo changes both in the face of infection with SARS-CoV-2 and in obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) condition. Thus, the objective of this review is to establish a correlation between the metabolic changes caused in leukocytes in DM2 and obesity that may favor a worse prognosis during SARS-Cov-2 infection. Chronic inflammation and hyperglycemia, specific and usual characteristics of obesity and DM2, contributes for the SARS-CoV-2 replication and metabolic disturbances in different leukocytes, favoring the proinflammatory response of these cells. Thus, obesity and DM2 are important risk factors for pro-inflammatory response and metabolic dysregulation that can favor the occurrence of the cytokine storm, implicated in the severity and high mortality risk of the COVID-19 in these patients.

The use of dwarf lines to obtain mini-tomato hybrid plants has led to agronomic and economic advantages. However, the benefits provided by dwarf parents in tomato hybrids of the Santa Cruz type remain unexplored. The aims of this study were to determine the agronomic enhancement in BC1F2 dwarf populations bearing characteristic fruit of the Santa Cruz type after the first backcross and to select populations with high agronomic potential and fruit quality. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse using a randomized block design with 15 treatments and 4 replicates. Evaluated genetic materials included 11 BC1F2 dwarf tomato populations, both parents (recurrent and donor), and the cultivars (Santa Cruz Kada and Santa Clara). Traits evaluated included: mean weight, soluble solid concentration, number of locules, shape, pulp thickness, fruit longitudinal and transversal diameters, internode length, and plant height. Univariate, multivariate, correlation, and selection index analyses showed that mean fruit weight, transverse diameter, and pulp thickness increased significantly in dwarf populations after a single backcross, most of them exhibiting a fruit shape similar to that of the Santa Cruz type. The dwarf BC1F2 populations UFU-Sci#11 and UFU-Sci#12 showed high potential for obtaining lines and, subsequently, Santa Cruz type hybrids.

Abstract Background Although the well-established role of the HLA genes on the predisposition of type 1 diabetes (T1D), its contribution to the development and progression of diabetic retinopathy is still unclear, especially in admixed populations. We aimed to study the relationship between HLA alleles and severe diabetic retinopathy in a highly admixed population of T1D patients. Methods This was a nested case-control study based on a cross-sectional, nationwide survey conducted in Brazil. We included 117 patients with severe diabetic retinopathy and 117 random controls composed of T1D patients without retinopathy, matched for diabetes duration. HLA-class II genes (HLA-DRB1, -DQA1, and -DQB1) were genotyped using the SSO and NGS methods. Results Haplotypes HLA-DRB1*04:05 ~ DQA1*03:01 g ~ DQB1*03:02 (OR 1.75, CI 0.97–3.16, p value 0.058) and HLA-DRB1*13:02 ~ DQA1*01:02 ~ DQB1*06:04 (OR 5.18, CI 1.12–23.09, p value 0.019) were more prevalent on the severe DR group but they did not present statistically difference after Bonferroni correction. The most frequent haplotype on both groups was HLA-DRB1*03:01 ~ DQA1*05:01 g ~ DQB1*02:01 (29.6% on severe DR and 33.33% on the control group). Conclusions Our study showed no influence of HLA genes on the development of DR. Further longitudinal data is needed to better understand the role of genetic factors on this multifactorial significant microvascular complication.

Abstract Background Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer in women and the leading cause of cancer death among females worldwide. In recent decades, breast cancer death rates have been stable or decreasing in more developed regions; however, this has not been observed in less developed regions. This study aims to evaluate inequalities in the burden of female breast cancer in Brazil including an analysis of interregional and interstate patterns in incidence, mortality and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) rates from 1990 to 2017, and mortality-to-incidence ratio (MIR), and their association with the Socio-demographic Index (SDI). Methods Using estimates from the global burden of disease (GBD) study, we applied a spatial exploratory analysis technique to obtain measurements of global and local spatial correlation. Percentage changes of breast cancer incidence, mortality, and DALYs rates between 1990 and 2017 were calculated, and maps were developed to show the spatial distribution of the variables. Spatial panel models were adjusted to investigate the association between rates and SDI in Brazilian states. Results In Brazil, while breast cancer mortality rate have had modest reduction (−4.45%; 95% UI: −6.97; −1.76) between 1990 and 2017, the incidence rate increased substantially (+39.99%; 95% UI: 34.90; 45.39). Breast cancer incidence and mortality rates in 1990 and 2017 were higher in regions with higher SDI, i.e., the most developed ones. While SDI increased in all Brazilian states between 1990 and 2017, notably in less developed regions, MIR decreased, more notably in more developed regions. The SDI had a positive association with incidence rate and a negative association with MIR. Conclusion Such findings suggest an improvement in breast cancer survival in the period, which may be related to a broader access to diagnostic methods and treatment. This study also revealed the inequality in breast cancer outcomes among Brazilian states and may guide public policy priorities for disease control in the country.

Resumo Introdução O câncer de mama é o mais incidente, prevalente e com maior taxa de mortalidade entre as neoplasias malignas que acometem mulheres em todo o mundo, excluindo câncer de pele não melanoma. No Brasil, com exceção da região Norte, representa a mais frequente neoplasia maligna feminina. Objetivo Estimar a cobertura de mamografias e analisar a qualidade e adequação às diretrizes técnicas nacionais do exame mamográfico em mulheres residentes na Região Metropolitana (RM) ou Interior do Estado (IE) de São Paulo, entre 2010 e 2012 Método Estudo descritivo realizado a partir de dados do SISMAMA e SIA-SUS referentes ao período de 2010 a 2012. Resultados Na RM paulista, não foi atingida a meta preconizada para a razão de mamografias em 2011 e 2012. Foi observado aumento do tempo de espera para acesso à mamografia diagnóstica e para a liberação deste resultado, e redução da capacidade de confirmação diagnóstica para as lesões suspeitas de malignidade no triênio. Já no IE, a meta preconizada para a razão de mamografias foi alcançada durante o período avaliado, com melhora da cobertura de biópsias em 2012. Em ambos (RM e IE), foi constatado elevado percentual de mamografia realizada fora da faixa etária preconizada (cerca de 35%). Conclusão Os resultados evidenciam a necessidade de adequações no rastreamento realizado no estado de São Paulo para que as ações de detecção precoce sejam efetivas. Destaca-se a importância da implantação de um rastreamento organizado e do aprimoramento do sistema de informação em saúde que possibilite o monitoramento e avaliação das ações, e contribua para o aperfeiçoamento da Política Nacional de Prevenção e Controle do Câncer de Mama.

Research on the use of heart of palm by-product (HPB) as a feed for dairy cattle is needed since it is a low-cost alternative in addition avoiding environmental contamination. The objective of this study was to evaluate intake, digestibility, milk yield and composition from cows fed HPB. Sixteen Holstein cows were used. Treatments consisted of fresh sugarcane replacement (dry matter basis – DM) of HPB at levels 0%, 7.5%, 15% and 22.5%. Experimental design was randomized blocks with measures repeated in time, and data were compared by linear, quadratic and cubic contrasts. A decreasing linear effect of HPB was observed on DM, organic matter (OM), crude protein and non-fibrous carbohydrates intakes and on digestibility of DM and neutral detergent fibre. A quadratic effect was observed for metabolizable energy intake and OM digestibility. Milk yield and composition were not affected by levels of HPB added to the diet. A cubic effect was detected for fat-corrected milk (FCM) and energy-corrected milk (ECM). HPB is detrimental to intake and digestibility, but the 7.5% replacement level of HPB is recommended depending on the milk production level, since rumen environment was improved, leading to greater FCM and ECM yields at lower production costs.

In Brazil, pepper cultivation gives producers more marketing opportunities in various segments, either for fresh consumption or industry. Reproductive traits are efficient methods for comparing genetic divergence in pepper, once most differences among accessions could be verified at this stage. This study aimed to evaluate the genetic divergence in the reproductive phase of pepper accessions by multivariate analysis and test the efficiency of different methods. Sixty-five genotypes from the Federal University of UberlândiaCapsicum spp. Germplasm Bank were evaluated 145 days after sowing, and morphological characterization was performed at reproductive phase. Graphical representation of genetic distances was obtained by UPGMA. Tocher optimization method was also used to group accessions. Genotypes were arranged in seventeen different groups by Tocher method. UPGMA dendrogram collaborated with Tocher method, indicating the wide genetic variability of genotypes. Tocher and UPGMA methods were partially in agreement, allowing grouping 44 of the 65 analyzed accessionsequally. Multicategorical traits have the advantage of easy observation and require less time and labor, being ideal for use in gene bank and collections that do not have high human and financial resources. Moreover, these traits are not affected by the environment. Genetic divergence detected in this paper encourages other researchers to perform the characterization of pepper collections as completely as possible, because it becomes possible to generate more reliable information of the variability and genetic divergence among accessions. Our research discloses the reproductive biodiversity of pepper in “Alto Paranaíba” and “TriânguloMineiro” regions and the importance of maintaining these genotypes.

Studies have shown that dwarf plants have the potential for use in obtaining hybrids. The aim of this study was to evaluate the agronomic potential and genetic dissimilarity of saladette type dwarf tomato plant populations through the use of artificial neural networks (ANNs). The following traits were analyzed: mean fruit weight, transverse and longitudinal fruit diameter, fruit shape, pulp thickness, locule number, internode length, soluble solids content, and β-carotene, lycopene, and leaf zingiberene contents. A dendrogram obtained by the unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) and Kohonen self-organizing maps (SOM) agreed in the distinction of the BC1F3 populations from the dwarf donor parent. SOM was more consistent in identifying the genetic similarities among the BC1F3 dwarf tomato plant populations and allowed for the determination of weights of each variable in the cluster formation. The UFU SDi 13-1 BC1F3 population was revealed to be a promising option for obtaining saladette type dwarf tomato plant lines.

Increased productivity, nutritional quality, and pest resistance have been primary breeding goals. However, managing such increases in a genotype is challenging. In this context, gene introgression using dwarf plants is an alternative; however, there are no dwarf Santa Cruz tomato varieties for direct use in breeding programs. Therefore, the objective of this study was to improve fruit quality and pest resistance through successive backcrossing of dwarf Santa Cruz tomato populations with agronomic potential. Six and 13 dwarf tomato populations obtained from the first and second backcrossing, respectively, the donor parent, and the commercial cultivar ‘Santa Clara’ as the check, totalling 21 treatments, were evaluated. Univariate analysis and computational intelligence were used to evaluate the best genotypes. All agronomic variables showed significant and progressive increases after the first and second backcrossing. The highlighted BC2 populations were Sci#16.1-2, Sci#25.1,1-2, Sci#25.1,2-2, Sci#3.1,1-2, Sci#3.1,2-2, Sci#8.3,1-2, and Sci#8.3,2-2, with significant increases in mean fruit weight, pulp thickness, fruit length and diameter, and acyl sugar content. The selected BC2 populations can be used as male parents to obtain normal hybrids to achieve increased productivity, nutritional quality, and a broader spectrum of pest resistance owing to the presence of acyl sugars in the leaflets.

ABSTRACT In the context of plant breeding programs, it is necessary to evaluate the efficiency of genotype selection over successive years. However, evaluating the genotype selection efficiency is not an easy task, since there is not just a single way to precede it. Besides that, the programs need to be dynamic; that is, they should be able to track the introduction and discard of genotypes each year. As a result, the available data is quite unbalanced, leading to difficulties in certain analyses. Thus, the present study aims to propose some approaches to verify the genetic progress in the preliminary trial of the Federal University of Lavras (UFLA) upland rice breeding program. We utilized mixed models for grain yield and plant height. Trials were performed with a total of 120 genotypes in seven environments, defined by the interaction between locations and years. Due to the imbalance in the available data, the mixed model approach, i.e., Restricted Maximum Likelihood/Best Linear Unbiased Prediction (REML/BLUP), was adopted for the joint analysis. Besides the genetic and phenotypic parameters, the expected gains were also obtained with the selection, genetic progress, renewal rate (RR%), and dynamism of preliminary trials. The efficiency of the selection of superior genotypes per year was verified, with genetic progress favorable for reducing the medium-sized plants associated with high yield.

Brazil presents one of the highest COVID-19 death tolls in the world. The initial SARS-CoV-2 epicenter was São Paulo city. As of 2019, the homeless population of São Paulo city was estimated at 24,344 individuals, the largest national homeless population. The present study aimed to concomitantly assess the molecular and serological prevalence and associated risk factors of SARS-CoV-2 infection in a homeless population and related shelter workers from a day-shelter. Serum samples, nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swabs of persons who are homeless and shelter workers collected from August 25th to 27th, 2020 were tested for the presence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgM and IgG antibodies by ELISA and SARS-CoV-2 RNA by RT-qPCR, respectively. All swab samples tested negative by RT-qPCR. Seropositivity of IgM and IgG was 5/203 (2.5%) and 111/203 (54.7%) in persons who are homeless, and 5/87 (5.7%) and 41/87 (47.1%) in shelter workers, respectively, with no statistical differences between groups. The high seroprevalence found herein indicates early environmental and urban spreading of SARS-CoV-2, associated with sociodemographic and economic vulnerability.

Objective This study ascertained effects of cactus pear in association with different roughage in the diet of F1 Holstein/Zebu cows on intake, nutrient digestibility, nitrogen balance, ingestive behavior and performance. Methods Eight cows with 72±11 days of lactation were used. The experimental design was simultaneous in two 4×4 Latin squares. Four experimental diets were used: Diet 1, sorghum silage as exclusive roughage; Diet 2, sorghum silage associated with cactus pear in a proportion of 50% of the roughage (dry matter basis); Diet 3, elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum cv. Roxo) as exclusive roughage; Diet 4, elephant grass associated with cactus pear in a proportion of 50% of the roughage. The roughage:concentrate ratio was 75:25. Results Dry matter intake (p = 0.01) was higher with sorghum silage. There were differences in dry matter intake (p = 0.01), crude protein (p

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of forage palm combined with different forages in the diet of F1 Holstein x Zebu cows, on the quality of Minas Frescal cheese. Two simultaneous 4 x 4 Latin squares were used in the experimental design. The treatments consisted of sorghum silage as the sole forage source; replacement of 50% sorghum silage by forage palm; elephant grass as the only forage source; 50% replacement of elephant grass by forage palm. Milk samples from each cow were analyzed for the chemical composition and the milk was pasteurized for cheese production. The gross and adjusted yields, texture, chemical and sensorial characteristics and fatty acid profile were evaluated. The chemical composition of the cheese was not influenced by the diets, as well as the sum of saturated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids. However, a lower stearic acid content was found in cheese from the milk of cows fed grass with forage palm and a lower value of conjugated linoleic acid for the diet with silage alone. In the consumer preference ranking test, the most preferred cheese was that of the sorghum silage diet and the least preferred was that of the sorghum silage/forage palm diet. In the overall impression, higher scores were assigned to cheeses of the treatments with exclusive silage or elephant grass. The replacement of 50% sorghum silage or elephant grass by the forage palm did not change the chemical composition of the Minas Frescal cheese, however, it modified the profile of fatty acids and decreased the acceptance and preference of cheese by the consumers.

Introdução e Objetivo: Dentre os alimentos que compõem a alimentação, a carne é um componente importante. Apesar de serem ricas em nutrientes, deve-se evitar o consumo de carnes com gorduras visíveis. O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar a associação do consumo de gordura visível na carne em adultos com variáveis sociodemográficas e comportamentais. Materiais e Métodos: Estudo transversal, com 357 adultos, na faixa etária de 20 a 35 anos. A variável dependente foi consumo excessivo de gordura aparente na carne e as variáveis exploratórias o sexo, idade, cor da pele, estado civil, renda mensal, nível de atividade física, tempo de tela, consumo de frutas, verduras ou legumes e de refrigerantes e o estado nutricional. Utilizou-se a estatística descritiva e a associação entre as variáveis foi realizada através da regressão de Poisson. Resultados/Discussão: O consumo de gordura visível na carne foi relatado por 40,48% dos avaliados, estando o sexo feminino negativamente associado (RP 0,55 IC95% 0,41 – 0,75) enquanto o hábito de tomar refrigerantes 3 ou mais dias por semana esteve positivamente (RP 1,66 IC95% 1,22 – 2,26) ao consumo de gordura visível na carne. Após ajustes, o sexo feminino manteve-se negativamente associado (RP 0,58 IC95% 0,42 – 0,78) e o consumo de refrigerantes esteve positivamente associado (RP 1,60 IC95% 1,17 – 2,18) ao consumo de gordura visível na carne. Conclusão: O consumo de excesso de gordura visível na carne foi elevado, mantendo-se associado ao sexo e ao consumo de refrigerantes. Ações educativas devem ser implementadas para orientação quanto ao consumo excessivo de gorduras. ABSTRACT Consumption of meat with apparent fat in adults of Cataguases-MG Introduction and Objective: Among the foods that make up the diet, meat is an important component. Although they are rich in nutrients, you should avoid eating meat with visible fats. The objective of this study was to evaluate the association of visible fat intake in the meat in adults with sociodemographic and behavioral variables. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study with 357 adults aged 20-35 years. The dependent variable was excessive consumption of apparent fat in the meat and the exploratory variables were sex, age, skin color, marital status, monthly income, level of physical activity, screen time, consumption of fruits, vegetables or soft drinks and nutritional status. Descriptive statistics were used and the association between the variables was performed through the Poisson regression. Results and Discussion: The consumption of visible fat in the meat was reported by 40.48% of the evaluated ones, being the female sex negatively associated (RP 0.55 95% CI 0.41 - 0.75) while the habit of taking 3 or more days per week was positively (RP 1.66 CI 95% 1.22 - 2.26) to the consumption of visible fat in meat. After adjustments, the female sex was negatively associated (RP 0.58 95% CI 0.42 - 0.78) and the consumption of soft drinks was positively associated (RP 1.60 CI 95% 1.17 - 2.18). consumption of visible fat in the meat. Conclusion: The consumption of excess fat visible in the meat was high, remaining associated with sex and the consumption of soft drinks. Educational actions should be implemented for guidance on excessive consumption of fats.

Abstract Aim To evaluate the cytotoxicity, biocompatibility and mineralization capacity of BIO-C PULPO, and MTA. Methodology L929 fibroblasts were cultured and MTT assay was used to determine the material cytotoxicity on 6, 24, and 48 h. A total of 30 male rats (Wistar) aged between 4 and 6 months, weighing between 250 and 300 g were used. Polyethylene tubes containing BIO-C PULPO, MTA, and empty tubes were implanted into dorsal connective tissue. After the experimental periods (7, 15, 30, 60, and 90 days) the tubes were histologically analyzed using hematoxylin-eosin (H&E), immunolabeling of IL-1β and TNF-α, and von Kossa staining, or without staining for polarized light analysis. The average number of inflammatory cells was quantified; the mineralization assessment was determined by the area marked in μm2 and semiquantitative immunolabeling analyses of IL-1β and TNF-α were performed. Then, data underwent statistical analysis with a 5% significance level. Results It was observed that BIO-C PULPO and MTA presented cytocompatibility at 6, 24, and 48 similar or higher than control for all evaluated period. On periods 7 and 15 days, BIO-C PULPO was the material with the highest number of inflammatory cells (p0.05). No statistical differences were found between Control, BIO-C PULPO, and MTA for immunolabeling of IL-1β and TNF-α in the different periods of analysis (p

Abstract The situation of native orchids from natural environments becomes more vulnerable each day, especially those not protected by conservation units. Thus, studies on the propagation of species, especially on in vitro germination and initial establishment, are necessary for maintaining species in their habitat and reintroduction in restoration areas. This study verifies the influence of the nutritional composition of the culture media on in vitro germination and initial establishment of Miltonia flavescens. Seeds from natural pollination were sown in four different culture media and put in a growing room under controlled photoperiods and temperature. The germination was evaluated 30 days after sowing, and the initial growth of the seedlings at 120 and 180 days after sowing. The results indicated the Murashige and Skoog medium, complete and with half of the salt concentrations, promoted a higher germination percentage and were more effective in the initial development of M. flavescens seedlings.

Inadequate estimates of fiber and dry matter intake of sheep raised in tropical conditions may explain part of the inefficiency of those production systems. Therefore, we aimed to estimate dry matter intake (DMI) and neutral detergent fiber intake (NDFI) of hair sheep raised under tropical conditions. A meta-analysis of 61 independent performance experiments, comprising a total of 413 experimental units (treatment means or animals), was performed. Trials were conducted in tropical conditions, using hair sheep in growing and finishing phases and endowed with the following information: neutral detergent fiber (NDF) in diet, initial and final body weight (BW), average daily gain (ADG), DMI and NDFI of treatment means (51 studies) or individual data (10 studies). Data on organic matter and NDF digestibilities were collected to estimate D-value (Dv) and B-value (Bv) (20 and 33 studies, respectively). The equations obtained were: [Formula: see text] DMI (g/kg BW) as a function of Dv (g/kg DM) revealed a quadratic relationship, whose point of maximum DMI (38.69 g/kg BW) was obtained at 634.1 g/kg DM Dv. On the other hand, DMI decreased linearly as Bv (g/kg DM) increased. In conclusion, equations to predict DMI from BW and ADG as well to predict NDFI from dietary NDF were fitted with great accuracy and are recommended for hair sheep raised in tropical regions. DMI values were, in general, greater than those reported by the NRC, AFRC and INRA systems, which may be a reflection of the sheep breeds used in this study. Using Dv and Bv concepts was satisfactory to describe an integrated mechanism between metabolic and bulking regulation of DMI in sheep.

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Internal malignancies such as breast cancer, as well as their treatment can often result in skin changes. OBJECTIVE: To assess the prevalence of dermatological complaints in patients who are undergoing oncological treatment for breast cancer in a hospital in Tubarão, Santa Catarina, Brazil. METHODS: Observational, cross-sectional study, from October 2015 to February 2016 in which 152 patients with the diagnosis of breast cancer, undergoing treatment with chemotherapy, radiotherapy, hormone therapy and/or surgery, were interviewed and completed a research protocol developed by the author. RESULTS: The treatment of breast cancer was associated with dermatological complaints in 94.1% of the interviewed, being with hair loss the most frequent, present in 79.6% of the sample, followed by nail changes (56%). Patients with lighter skin phototypes (I, II and III) had a lower risk (p=0.045) of developing skin changes when compared to darker phototypes. Radiation therapy (p=0.011) and oncological surgery (pFisher=0.004) were statistically significant when related to skin changes. STUDY LIMITATIONS: Inherent to the design of the study, as well as recall bias. CONCLUSIONS: It was found that most patients diagnosed with breast cancer showed dermatologic manifestations during the proposed cancer treatment. Patients undergoing radiotherapy and surgery showed skin changes with greater statistical significance.

Abstract Background Indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase (IDO) is an immunomodulatory molecule that has been implicated in several biological processes. Although IDO has been linked with some renal diseases, its role in renal fibrosis is still unclear. Because IDO may be modulated by TGF-β1, a potent fibrogenic molecule, we hypothesized that IDO could be involved in renal fibrosis, especially acting in the TGF-β1-induced tubular epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). We analyzed the IDO expression and activity in a model of renal fibrogenesis, and the effect of the IDO inhibitor 1-methyl-tryptophan (MT) on TGF-β1-induced EMT using tubular cell culture. Methods Male Wistar rats where submited to 7 days of UUO. Non-obstructed kidneys (CL) and kidneys from SHAM rats were used as controls. Masson’s Tricrome and macrophages counting were used to chatacterize the tissue fibrosis. The EMT was analysed though immunohistochemistry and qRT-PCR. Immunohistochemestry in tissue has used to show IDO expression. MDCK cells were incubated with TGF- β1 to analyse IDO expression. Additionally, effects of TGF- β1 and the inhibition of IDO over the EMT process was acessed by immunoessays and scrath wound essay. Results IDO was markedly expressed in cortical and medular tubules of the UUO kidneys. Similarly to the immunolocalizaton of TGF- β1, accompanied by loss of e-cadherin expression and an increase of mesenchymal markers. Results in vitro with MDCK cells, showed that IDO was increased after stimulus with TGF-β1, and treatment with MT potentiated its expression. MDCK stimulated with TGF-β1 had higher migratory activity (scratch-wound assay), which was exacerbated by MT treatment. Conclusions IDO is constitutively expressed in tubular cells and increases during renal fibrogenesis. Although IDO is induced by TGF-β1 in tubular cells, its chemical inhibitor acts as a profibrotic agent.

The present study was to evaluate the effect of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) particle sizes on the mechanical and physical properties of extruded fiber-cement composites with different particle sizes combined to cellulose pulp in the production of fiber cement by the extrusion process. The design consisted of four formulations, one composed of 5% cellulose and the other three with 2.5% cellulosic pulp and 2.5% of PET particles with different particle sizes. Physical, mechanical and microstructural tests were performed without aging cycles and after 200 and 400 accelerated aging cycles. The degradation of vegetable fibers in the cement and the decrease of properties with aging was observed. PET particles were more resistant in alkaline environment and did not degrade. However, particle size did not exert great effect in the physical and mechanical properties of the composite. Thus, the use of PET particles shows potential as a reinforcement for fiber-cement composites.

Resumo Objetivo Avaliar os indicadores relacionados à oferta de exames citopatológicos do colo do útero, sua qualidade, frequência de alterações celulares e seguimento informado de lesões de alto grau, em Minas Gerais e suas macrorregiões de saúde. Métodos Estudo descritivo com base em dados do Sistema de Informação do Câncer do Colo do Útero (SISCOLO), de 2006 a 2011. Resultados A razão de exames citopatológicos do colo do útero em mulheres de 25 a 59 anos manteve-se estável, porém sem alcançar a meta estadual pactuada. Aproximadamente 75% dos exames foram realizados na população-alvo e houve progressiva redução na proporção de citopatológicos do colo do útero sem citologia anterior. Em média, 51,2% dos exames foram realizados no período de até um ano. Quanto à qualidade do exame, destaca-se o índice de positividade, categorizado como baixo durante todo o período analisado. Observou-se baixo percentual de seguimento informado no estado. Conclusão Os resultados evidenciam a necessidade de aprimoramento do programa de rastreamento em relação à oferta e qualidade do exame, bem como ao direcionamento correto quanto à faixa etária e à periodicidade, visando garantir o acesso da população-alvo e o encaminhamento para a investigação diagnóstica e tratamento das lesões precursoras, quando indicado.

RESUMO O fibroedema geloide (FEG) é uma desordem dos tecidos dérmico e subcutâneo. Acomete 90% das mulheres após a puberdade. Vários fatores predisponentes interferem na sua ocorrência, entre os quais as alterações posturais. Para avaliação da postura e do FEG, a fotogrametria tem se mostrado um recurso confiável, de fácil aplicação, reprodução e de baixo custo. Avaliou-se se há correlação entre alinhamento pélvico e FEG na região glútea por meio da fotogrametria. Estudo do tipo transversal observacional, com 46 mulheres de 18-29 anos (média 23 anos±4,2 anos). Foi realizada avaliação postural pelo software de avaliação postural (SAPO) e calculado o ângulo entre as espinhas ilíacas anteros superiores direita e esquerda. O FEG foi classificado de acordo com a escala fotonumérica de Hexsel. As análises foram realizadas por dois avaliadores independentes e cegos, e foi utilizado o teste de correlação de Pearson. Obteve-se como resultado o valor médio do ângulo de desalinhamento pélvico de 1,70 (±1,46), o valor médio do FEG no glúteo direito de 6,30 (±4,01) e no esquerdo de 6,76 (±3,61). Não foi observada correlação entre o alinhamento pélvico e o grau de FEG na região glútea (p=0,38).

Resumo: O objetivo foi testar e avaliar a acurácia de um método para a seleção de escore em relacionamento probabilístico de banco de dados, de forma a viabilizar a automatização da identificação de pares verdadeiros dispensando a etapa de inspeção manual. Estudo de acurácia utilizando dados do Sistema de Informação do Câncer de Mama (SISMAMA) de Minas Gerais, Brasil, de 2009 e 2010. Após o processo de limpeza e padronização, foi realizado o relacionamento probabilístico dos bancos 2009 e 2010 utilizando 16 passos, sendo que cada passo foi inspecionado manualmente para se obter um padrão-ouro. Posteriormente, selecionaram-se amostras que foram inspecionadas e avaliadas para calcular a acurácia do método de seleção dos pares verdadeiros. Todos os passos e amostras com 200 e 300 pares apresentaram alta sensibilidade (recall) > 0,97, alto valor preditivo positivo (precision) > 0,95 e altas acurácia (> 0,97), medida F (> 0,96) e área sob a curva precision-recall (> 0,98). A amostra com 100 pares evidenciou altos valores para essas medidas, porém com escores mais baixos. Dos 16 passos avaliados, o uso de apenas três de forma combinada foi suficiente para identificar 99,24% dos pares verdadeiros no banco total. O método proposto permite automatizar o relacionamento das bases de dados, mantendo a acurácia do método. Facilita a utilização de relacionamento probabilístico no âmbito dos serviços de saúde, especialmente para a vigilância e gestão em saúde.

Introdução: A tuberculose é um problema de saúde pública devido a sua ampla dispersão geográfica e por estar intimamente ligada às condições de vulnerabilidade socioeconômicas, sendo atualmente responsável pelo adoecimento de cerca de 10 milhões de pessoas no mundo. Objetivo: avaliar o perfil epidemiológico da tuberculose no período de 2006 a 2016 nas macrorregiões de saúde de Minas Gerais (MG). Material e Métodos: estudo ecológico com base em dados secundários do Sistema de Informação sobre Agravos de Notificação (SINAN) e do Sistema de Informação de Mortalidade (SIM), que visa analisar indicadores epidemiológicos da tuberculose nas macrorregiões de saúde do estado de Minas Gerais no período de 2006 a 2016. Resultados: No período estudado, foram diagnosticados 42.394 novos casos de tuberculose em Minas Gerais, com uma média de 3.854 casos/ano, sendo a forma pulmonar da doença predominante nos casos novos. Houve declínio do coeficiente de incidência geral, com valor médio de 19,1 casos / 100.000 habitantes em Minas Gerais durante o período, apresentando predomínio no sexo masculino. Quanto aos valores de encerramento de caso como cura e abandono de tratamento observou-se que o estado não alcançou as metas preconizadas pela Organização Mundial de Saúde, que são respectivamente 85% e 5%. A incidência de coinfecção HIV-Tuberculose obteve um valor máximo de 3,6 e mínimo de menos de 1 caso/100.000 habitantes. O percentual de tratamento diretamente observado foi menor que 50% na maioria das macrorregiões de saúde e no estado avaliado como um todo. O coeficiente de mortalidade oscilou ao longo do período analisado, sendo em 2016 1,25 mortes/ 100.000 habitantes. Conclusão: O perfil epidemiológico da tuberculose variou entre as macrorregiões de saúde. O número de casos novos, a mortalidade e o percentual de abandono foram relevantes, assim como o percentual de cura e tratamento diretamente observado foram abaixo do preconizado pelo Ministério da Saúde.

Abstract Objectives: To evaluate the effect of calcium hydroxide (CH) associated with two different vehicles as a capping material for pulp tissue in primary molars, compared with mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA). Methodology: Forty-five primary mandibular molars with dental caries were treated by conventional pulpotomy using one of the following materials: MTA only (MTA group), CH with saline (CH+saline group) and CH with polyethylene glycol (CH+PEG group) (15 teeth/group). Clinical and periapical radiographic examinations of the pulpotomized teeth were performed 3, 6, and 12 months after treatment. Data were tested by chi-squared analysis and a multiple comparison post-test. Results: The MTA group showed both clinical and radiographic treatment success in 14/14 teeth (100%), at all follow-up appointments. By clinical evaluation, no teeth in the CH+saline and CH+PEG groups had signs of mobility, fistula, swelling or inflammation of the surrounding gingival tissue. However, in the CH+saline group, radiographic analysis detected internal resorption in up to 9/15 teeth (67%), and inter-radicular bone resorption and furcation radiolucency in up to 5/15 teeth (36%), from 3 to 12 months of follow-up. In the CH+PEG group, 2/11 teeth (18%) had internal resorption and 1/11 teeth (9%) presented bone resorption and furcation radiolucency at all follow-up appointments. Conclusion: CH with PEG performed better than CH with saline as capping material for pulpotomy of primary teeth. However, both combinations yielded clinical and radiographic results inferior to those of MTA alone.

Objetivou-se avaliar os efeitos da palma forrageira em associação a diferentes volumosos, na dieta de vacas F1 Holandês x Zebu, sobre a qualidade do queijo Minas Frescal. No delineamento experimental foram utilizados dois quadrados latinos 4 x 4, simultâneos. Os tratamentos foram assim definidos: silagem de sorgo como única fonte volumosa; substituição de 50% da silagem de sorgo por palma forrageira; capim-elefante como única fonte volumosa; substituição de 50% do capim-elefante pela palma forrageira. As amostras de leite de cada vaca foram analisadas quanto à composição química e o leite foi pasteurizado para fabricação do queijo, sendo avaliados rendimentos bruto e ajustado, textura, características químicas e sensoriais e perfil de ácidos graxos. A composição química do queijo não foi influenciada pelas dietas, assim como os somatórios de ácidos graxos saturados, monoinsaturados e poli-insaturados. Entretanto, menor teor do ácido esteárico foi observado no queijo proveniente do leite das vacas alimentadas com capim com palma e menor valor de ácido linoleico conjugado para dieta com apenas silagem. No teste de ordenação de preferência pelos consumidores, o queijo mais preferido foi o da dieta com silagem de sorgo e o menos preferido o da dieta com silagem de sorgo/palma. Na impressão global, maiores notas foram dadas para os queijos dos tratamentos com silagem e capim-elefante exclusivos. A substituição de 50% da silagem de sorgo ou capim-elefante pela palma forrageira não alterou composição química do queijo Minas Frescal, entretanto, modificou o perfil de ácidos graxos e diminuiu aceitação e preferência dos queijos pelos consumidores.

O tratamento para o câncer do colo do útero pode levar à ocorrência de efeitos adversos tardios, como disfunções sexuais, intestinais ou urinárias; menopausa precoce e linfedema em membro inferior, os quais podem ter impacto negativo na qualidade de vida. O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar a qualidade de vida de sobreviventes ao câncer do colo do útero, seus fatores associados e comparar a qualidade de vida com um grupo controle de mulheres sem história de câncer. O grupo câncer foi composto por mulheres com término do tratamento há três meses (n= 37). O grupo controle, de base populacional, foi composto por mulheres sem história de câncer (n= 37). A qualidade de vida foi avaliada pelo WHOQOL-bref e a função sexual pelo Female Sexual Function Índex. Variáveis clínicas, terapêuticas e socioeconômicas foram avaliadas por questionário desenvolvido pelos autores. Em comparação ao controle, o grupo câncer apresentou maior percentual de mulheres que viviam sem companheiro, que consideravam o relacionamento com o companheiro como ruim/regular e que apresentavam disfunções urinárias, intestinais e sexuais. Além disso, o grupo câncer apresentou piores escores nos domínios “Físico” e “Relações Sociais” do WHOQOL-bref (p=0,03 e 0,01, respectivamente). Foram fatores independentemente associados ao domínio “Físico”: linfedema de membros inferiores e retenção urinária; e ao domínio “Relações Sociais”: apoio social de amigos e estenose/encurtamento vaginal. Os resultados sugerem impacto negativo da doença e de seu tratamento sobre a qualidade de vida das sobreviventes. Deve-se investigar a qualidade de vida e os fatores que a influenciam, visando um atendimento mais integral, direcionado às necessidades das pacientes, por meio de equipe multiprofissional.

Resumo: No Brasil, o Ministério da Saúde recomenda o rastreamento mamográfico bienal para mulheres entre 50-69 anos. Como o rastreamento é oportunístico no país, a periodicidade efetiva varia. Esse estudo visou a testar metodologia para a estimação do sobrerrastreio por periodicidade excessiva, definido como intervalo entre exames menores que o preconizado e sua associação com variáveis sociodemográficas. Trata-se de uma coorte de mulheres com mamografia de rastreamento de resultado normal em 2010, obtida por relacionamento probabilístico valendo-se das bases identificadas do SISMAMA. Foram utilizados dados referentes a mulheres residentes na microrregião de saúde de Juiz de Fora/Lima Duarte/Bom Jardim, Minas Gerais, Brasil, acompanhadas no Sistema até o fim de 2012. A taxa de sobrerrastreio foi de 150/mil mulheres/ano (IC95%: 144,9-155,9), atingindo 21% das mulheres. O sobrerrastreio aumentou 24% durante as campanhas Outubro Rosa (HR ajustada = 1,24; IC95%: 1,15-1,35). Quanto menor o tempo desde a última mamografia, maior foi a chance de sobrerrastreio. Em relação a mulheres que nunca tinham feito mamografia anterior a 2010, as que fizeram há 2 anos foram 2 vezes mais sobrerrastreadas (HR ajustada = 2,01; IC95%: 1,74-2,31) e há ≤ 1 ano 3 vezes mais (HR ajustada: 3,27; IC95%: 2,87-3,73). Nessa população, o sobrerrastreio foi substancial, expondo excessivamente as mulheres aos riscos do rastreamento sem benefício adicional e superestimando a cobertura mamográfica. A metodologia mostrou-se efetiva e deve ser aplicada em populações representativas para orientar políticas de controle de câncer de mama.

RESUMO: O cultivo in vitro tem sido utilizado para propagação de plantas ornamentais. A escolha do meio de cultivo e a concentração ideal de produtos orgânicos utilizados no enriquecimento dos meios, como a sacarose, são decisivos na elaboração de protocolos. Dessa forma, objetivou-se avaliar o crescimento inicial de Miltonia flavescens, cultivada por 90 e 180 dias, em quatro meios de cultivo com diferentes concentrações de sacarose. Plantas com 12 meses e germinadas in vitro foram cultivadas nos meios MS, MS 1/2, K e VW, cada um deles suplementado com 1,5g L-1 de carvão ativado, 6,5g L-1 de ágar bacteriológico e com 25, 30, 35, 40 e 45g L-1 de sacarose. Aos 90 e 180 dias, foram avaliadas quanto à massa fresca, número de raízes, de folhas e de brotos e quanto ao comprimento da parte aérea e da maior raiz. As maiores médias para número de raízes, comprimento da parte aérea e massa fresca total foram obtidas nas plantas cultivadas por 180 dias em meio MS 1/2, suplementado com 25g L-1 de sacarose. O maior comprimento de raiz foi verificado nas plantas cultivadas por 180 dias em meio MS suplementado com 45g L-1 de sacarose. Já o número de brotos e de folhas não foram influenciados pelas concentrações de sacarose. M. flavescens apresentou maior crescimento da parte aérea e raiz, quando cultivada por 180 dias em meio MS 1/2, suplementado com 25g L-1 de sacarose.

ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION: Bismuth subgallate is a salt derived from heavy metal. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of this salt on some phases of healing. OBJECTIVES: To assess the effect of subgallate on mucosa and to evaluate the association between the use of bismuth subgallate and neogenesis of vessels in oral mucosal wounds. METHODS: This was a prospective and experimental study. This study used sixty rats, which were divided into control and experimental groups. The animals were submitted to a surgical procedure, which caused oral mucosal injury. A saline solution was applied on the wound of the control group, and in the experimental group, a solution of bismuth subgallate was administrated. RESULTS: The experimental group showed greater inflammatory reaction with increasing monomorphic proliferation. There was increased vessel proliferation in the control group. CONCLUSION: Bismuth subgallate had a negative influence on the healing process, delaying the rate of new vessel formation and optimal wound healing.

ABSTRACT: Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis has been used to control the Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) mosquito larvae, the vector of virus diseases such as dengue, Chikungunya and Zika fever, which have become a major public health problem in Brazil and other tropical countries since the climate favors the proliferation and development of the transmitting vector. Because B. thuringiensis has shown potential for controlling insects of the Diptera order, this work aimed at testing the Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. thuringiensis strain T01-328 and its proteins Cry2Aa and Cry2Ab for control A. aegypti and at comparing the results to the B. thuringiensis subsp. israelensis specific dipteran strain. To this end, bioassays using spore-crystal of both strains, and Cry2Aa and Cry2Ab proteins from the heterologous expression in Escherichia coli, were performed against A. aegypti larvae. The results showed that the B. thuringiensis thuringiensis T01-328 has insecticidal activity against the larvae, but it is less toxic than B. thuringiensis subsp. israelensis. Cry2Aa and Cry2Ab proteins expressed heterologously were effective for controlling A. aegypti larvae. Therefore, the results indicate that the Cry2Aa and Cry2Ab proteins of the B. thuringiensis thuringiensis T01-328 can be used as an alternative to assist in the control of A. aegypti.

Os objetivos foram investigar a associação entre raça/cor e a sobrevivência em 10 anos de mulheres com câncer de mama e o papel do estadiamento como mediador. Coorte hospitalar com 481 mulheres com câncer invasivo de mama, diagnosticadas entre 2003 e 2005. Foram feitas comparações entre mulheres brancas e negras quanto às características sociodemográficas e ao estadiamento, usando o teste qui-quadrado, e à sobrevivência em 10 anos, usando os métodos de Kaplan-Meier e regressão de Cox. Foram estimados para a variável raça/cor efeitos diretos e indiretos, mediados pelo estadiamento, com ajuste para a condição social da área de residência e idade, utilizando o modelo de respostas potenciais (contrafactual) e regressão múltipla de Cox. As mulheres negras residiam em setores censitários de menor renda, eram usuárias do setor público em maior proporção e foram diagnosticadas com estadiamentos mais avançados. A sobrevivência específica em 10 anos foi de 64,3% (IC95%: 60,0; 68,9), com diferença significativa entre brancas (69,5%; IC95%: 64,8; 74,6) e negras (44%; IC95%: 35,2; 55,1). Nos modelos múltiplos, ajustados para renda e idade, as negras tiveram pior prognóstico (HR = 2,09; IC95%: 1,76; 2,51), e a proporção mediada pelo estadiamento foi de 40% (IC95%: 37; 42). Há disparidade racial na sobrevivência do câncer de mama em 10 anos, mediada principalmente pelo estadiamento mais avançado da doença nas mulheres negras. Isso aponta para a necessidade de ampliar a cobertura e a qualidade do programa de rastreamento dessa doença e facilitar o acesso ao diagnóstico e tratamento precoces, com vistas à redução da iniquidade racial.

Introdução: A obtenção de imagens confiáveis das estruturas que formam a articulação temporomandibular sempre foi um desafio para os profissionais que trabalham no estudo e tratamento dos problemas que acometem essa articulação. Objetivo: Tendo em vista que o ligamento discomaleolar pode promover a união entre a articulação temporomandibular e a orelha média, e que distúrbios auditivos geralmente estão relacionados aos quadros de disfunções temporomandibulares promovendo dificuldade em diagnosticá-la, este estudo concerne em propor anatomicamente, uma orientação para identificação do ligamento que servirá de orientação para captura de imagens do ligamento discomaleolar na fissura petrotimpânica. Métodos: Subsidiada por dissecação cadavérica, a mensuração de planos através de secções em crânio seco através da formação de um protótipo tridimensional foi obtida. O estudo teve liberação do Departamento de Anatomia da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco - UFPE. Conclusão: As linhas de orientação geradas a partir do estudo anatômico-topográfico são eficazes na determinação do ligamento discomaleolar em imagens radiológicas.