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El campo de la antropología forense argentina creció cualitativa y cuantitativamente en distintas jurisdicciones del país durante la última década, traccionado por equipos de reciente formación que encuentran en las colecciones osteológicas documentadas contemporáneas una herramienta clave para sus investigaciones. El Equipo Mendocino de Arqueología y Antropología Forense (EMAAF), integrado por docentes-investigadores y estudiantes de la Licenciatura en Arqueología (Facultad de Filosofía y Letras, UNCuyo), brinda servicios periciales para el Ministerio Público Fiscal desde el año 2018. En el año 2019 se decidió conformar la primera colección del centro-oeste del país con la finalidad de validar y/o desarrollar estándares metodológicos regionales tendientes mejorar los procesos de identificación de cadáveres NN esqueletizados o parcialmente esqueletizados en el marco de investigaciones judiciales. El objetivo de este trabajo es sintetizar la problemática regional que fundamenta su conformación, al tiempo que se describe el proceso técnico-metodológico empleado, características y composición de la colección, y líneas de análisis en curso. Se enfatiza el rol articulador de los proyectos de investigación, desarrollo y vinculación (I+D+i) entre el campo académico-científico y el sistema judicial que mejoren los servicios periciales, como así también su utilidad para la capacitación de recursos humanos.

Introduction. The development of women in politics allows us to visualize how feminization influences the Latin American socio-political landscape. The study´s aim was to analyze the political discourses of a current president and two former presidents: Xiomara Castro from Honduras, Cristina Fernández from Argentina, and Dilma Rousseff from Brazil. Methods. A qualitative analysis was used by describing and interpreting political discourses and conducting interviews to experts. Results. Various similarities were evident between the discourses of Xiomara Castro, Cristina Fernández, and Dilma Rousseff such as the strategies employed in their discourses and the feminization in them, their most recurrent themes, their position regarding their opposition, among other aspects. Conclusion. Feminization in Latin American politics still has a long way to go because we live in societies with immutable gender roles, where masculinity bases persist.

Understanding the origin and mechanism of the formation of methane from CO2 is important because its formation would be related also to the origin of life on Earth. Both processes seem indissociable. To form methane, CO2 is reduced to CO by hydrogen. The reduction of CO2 might also correspond to the first step allowing the transition from CO2 to organic molecules and then to the first block of life on Earth. In our experiments, we used a natural rock (chromitite) collected from an open mine. The major mineral phase naturally occurring in this sample is magnesiochromite (85–95%) with subordinate serpentine and chlorite (including Cr-bearing chlorite). For the first time, we provide an indisputable experimental proof of the (abiotic) formation of methane on a natural chromitite rock, without any previous pretreatment, in the presence of gaseous CO2 and H2 under low temperature and atmospheric pressure, which are the expected atmospheric environmental conditions that existed on Earth’s crust when methane was formed in Nature. Methane is formed by a heterogeneous catalytic hydrogenation process at low temperature and atmospheric pressure. These results suggest that this transformation also goes on in other natural rocks existing on the surface of Earth, probably with higher efficacity. This means that natural rocks on Earth may contain catalytic sites and play the role of catalysts. The catalytic activity can be assigned to the presence of crystallographic phases and their surface composition, which promote the surface adsorption and transformation of gaseous reactants. The results demonstrate that a natural rock can activate, via heterogeneous catalysis, a very stable molecule such as CO2. The literature demonstrates that N2 can be also activated by the same process suggesting a coherent pathway to explain the formation of organic molecules and amino acids in Nature. In situ catalytic CO2 hydrogenation in natural cavities should be considered as a realistic alternative method for CO2 mitigation. It is supported that catalysis would play an important role in the formation of the first block of life on Earth.

The modulation hypothesis of facial feedback has not adequately examined how combining facial expressions and bodily postures might influence our experience of emotional stimuli. This pilot study examined a new method for manipulating both face and body together, which is important in furthering our understanding of how face and body interact to influence emotional experiences in the real world.Using a within-subjects design, 30 participants viewed positive film clips under four conditions: (1) positive face with positive body (PP), (2) positive face with neutral body (PN), (3) neutral face with positive body (NP) and (4) neutral face with neutral body (NN). Measures of positive and negative affect were taken before and after each clip, to assess the subjective emotional experience.Repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) was conducted to examine differences in the emotional experience under each condition. Post hoc pairwise comparisons demonstrated that positive affect in the PP condition was significantly higher than in the NP and NN conditions. There was no significant difference between the PP and NN conditions.Whilst the study findings are difficult to interpret, this pilot study generated a number of important methodological learnings that are relevant to future research of this kind.HINTERGRUND: Die Modulationshypothese des Gesichtsfeedbacks hat nicht ausreichend untersucht, wie die Kombination von Gesichtsausdruck und Körperhaltung unser Erleben von emotionalen Reizen beeinflussen könnte. Diese Pilotstudie untersuchte eine neue Methode zur gleichzeitigen Manipulation von Gesicht und Körper, die wichtig ist, um zu verstehen, wie Gesicht und Körper interagieren, um emotionale Erfahrungen in der realen Welt zu beeinflussen.Insgesamt 30 Teilnehmende sahen sich positive Filmclips unter vier Bedingungen an: (1) positives Gesicht mit positivem Körper (PP), (2) positives Gesicht mit neutralem Körper (PN), (3) neutrales Gesicht mit positivem Körper (NP) und (4) neutrales Gesicht mit neutralem Körper (NN). Vor und nach jedem Clip wurde der positive und negative Affekt gemessen, um die subjektive emotionale Erfahrung zu bewerten.Eine Varianzanalyse mit wiederholten Messungen (ANOVA) wurde durchgeführt, um die Unterschiede im emotionalen Erleben unter jeder Bedingung zu untersuchen. Post-hoc-Paarvergleiche zeigten, dass der positive Affekt in der PP-Bedingung signifikant höher war als in den NP- und NN-Bedingungen. Es gab keinen signifikanten Unterschied zwischen der PP- und der NN-Bedingung.Die Ergebnisse der Studie sind zwar schwer zu interpretieren, jedoch hat diese Pilotstudie eine Reihe wichtiger methodischer Erkenntnisse erbracht, die für künftige Forschungen dieser Art von Bedeutung sind.

The dynamics and phenotypes of intratumoral myeloid cells during tumor progression are poorly understood. Here we define myeloid cellular states in gliomas by longitudinal single-cell profiling and demonstrate their strict control by the tumor genotype: in isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH)-mutant tumors, differentiation of infiltrating myeloid cells is blocked, resulting in an immature phenotype. In late-stage gliomas, monocyte-derived macrophages drive tolerogenic alignment of the microenvironment, thus preventing T cell response. We define the IDH-dependent tumor education of infiltrating macrophages to be causally related to a complex re-orchestration of tryptophan metabolism, resulting in activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor. We further show that the altered metabolism of IDH-mutant gliomas maintains this axis in bystander cells and that pharmacological inhibition of tryptophan metabolism can reverse immunosuppression. In conclusion, we provide evidence of a glioma genotype-dependent intratumoral network of resident and recruited myeloid cells and identify tryptophan metabolism as a target for immunotherapy of IDH-mutant tumors. Platten and colleagues find that tryptophan metabolism by myeloid cells contributes to immunosuppressive microenvironment uniquely in IDH-mutant gliomas, which can be overcome by inhibiting this pathway in murine tumor models.

Pericytes are vascular mural cells that surround capillaries of the central nervous system (CNS). They are crucial for brain development and contribute to CNS homeostasis by regulating blood–brain barrier function and cerebral blood flow. It has been suggested that pericytes are lost in Alzheimer's disease (AD), implicating this cell type in disease pathology. Here, we have employed state‐of‐the‐art stereological morphometry techniques as well as tissue clearing and two‐photon imaging to assess the distribution of pericytes in two independent cohorts of AD (n = 16 and 13) and non‐demented controls (n = 16 and 4). Stereological quantification revealed increased capillary density with a normal pericyte population in the frontal cortex of AD brains, a region with early amyloid β deposition. Two‐photon analysis of cleared frontal cortex tissue confirmed the preservation of pericytes in AD cases. These results suggest that pericyte demise is not a general hallmark of AD pathology.

Different lines of evidence support a causal role for microglia in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. However, how schizophrenia patient-derived microglia are affected at the phenotypic and functional level is still largely unknown. We used a recently described model to induce patient-derived microglia-like cells and used this to analyze changes in the molecular phenotype and function of myeloid cells in schizophrenia. We isolated monocytes from twenty recent-onset schizophrenia patients and twenty non-psychiatric controls. We cultured the cells towards an induced microglia-like phenotype (iMG), analyzed the phenotype of the cells by RNA sequencing and mass cytometry, and their response to LPS. Mass cytometry showed a high heterogeneity of iMG in cells derived from patients as well as controls. The prevalence of two iMG clusters was significantly higher in schizophrenia patients (adjusted p-value

Desde la década de los noventa, los principales operadores de telecomunicaciones en Argentina han tenido capital transnacional y han logrado un alto nivel de concentración gracias a regulaciones estatales que han promovido su crecimiento. Entre estas compañías, Telefónica Argentina se ha visto respaldada por los gobiernos en su expansión y posición dominante de mercado. En este artículo se realiza un análisis crítico de las políticas públicas de comunicación en Argentina entre 1989 y 2021, utilizando el estudio de caso de Telefónica, bajo el enfoque de la economía política. Main telecommunication companies in Argentina have had transnational shareholders since the 1990’s and have achieved a very high level of concentration and growth due to national state laws. Telefónica Argentina is one of the most important companies that has been favoured by different governments ensuring a great business development and a dominant market position. This paper presents a critical analysis of the public communication policies in Argentina between 1989 and 2021 using Telefónica as case study, under the political economy perspective.

Desde finales del siglo XX el agronegocio ha impuesto su territorialidad en el espacio agrario uruguayo mediante estrategias y procesos disímiles a nivel espacial, temporal, en los agentes que han liderado el proceso, y en los impactos y conflictos que han desencadenado. El presente artículo analiza la inserción del agronegocio y las transformaciones generadas en dos territorios con características contrastantes, territorios orientados a la producción de alimentos y territorios agroexportadores de commodities. La estrategia de investigación integró el procesamiento de información oficial y la implementación de veinte entrevistas semiestructuradas a agentes clave vinculados a la producción familiar, empresarial y vinculada al agronegocio, movimientos sociales y referentes institucionales y académicos, a los efectos de complementar la caracterización de las transformaciones e identificar elementos que tensionan las relaciones de poder y comprender los conflictos emergentes. El agronegocio ha penetrado en Uruguay mediante una estrategia legal y socialmente aceptada - compra y/o arrendamiento de tierras - lo cual ha limitado la generación de conflictos. En Río Negro, territorio de tradición agrícola-industrial y ganadera, el agronegocio ha generado alianzas con el capital local. En Canelones, territorio orientado históricamente a la producción de alimentos para el abastecimiento local, la territorialidad del agronegocio ha desencadenado importantes conflictos con la producción familiar. La modalidad de ingreso del agronegocio, la estructura agraria preexistente y el apoyo del estado uruguayo han determinado que sea la territorialidad del agronegocio el factor de mayor importancia en la generación de tensiones, incluso frente a los procesos de territorialización-desterritorialización. La inserción del agronegocio en territorios de la soberanía alimentaria ha desencadenado más conflictos que en territorios históricamente orientados a la exportación. Los conflictos en Canelones han posibilitado una transformación territorial de suma relevancia vinculada a la organización, empoderamiento de los productores de alimentos y resistencia frente al modelo del agronegocio, primer paso para consolidar territorios de la soberanía alimentaria.

ObjectiveInflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is characterized by dysregulated intestinal immune responses and constitutes a major clinical challenge in need of new treatment modalities to improve patient care. Store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) is the predominant Ca2+ influx pathway in T cells and other immune cells, regulating many of their functional properties. It is currently unknown whether the pharmacologic blockade of SOCE represents a suitable drug-target for IBD treatment.DesignUsing mass and flow cytometry the effects of SOCE inhibition on lamina propria (LP) immune cells of patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn’s disease (CD) were investigated. Primary organoid cultures served to study the impact of SOCE inhibition on the function, differentiation and survival of intestinal epithelial cells (IEC). T cell transfer models of colitis were applied to examine how the genetic or pharmacologic ablation of SOCE affects the clinical course of IBD in mice.ResultsWe observed that the LP of IBD patients is characterized by an enrichment of innate lymphoid cells (ILC), CD4+ and CD8+ effector- as well as T regulatory cells producing IL-17 and TNFα. The pharmacologic inhibition of SOCE attenuated the production of pathogenic cytokines including IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-17, TNFα and IFNγ by human colonic T cells and ILC, reduced the production of IL-6 by B cells and the production of IFNγ by myeloid cells, without affecting the viability, differentiation and function of primary IEC. T cell-specific genetic deletion of the SOCE signaling components Orai1, Stim1 or Stim2 revealed that the magnitude of SOCE correlates with the function of T cells and intestinal inflammation in mice. Moreover, the pharmacologic inhibition of SOCE alleviated the clinical course of colitic mice.ConclusionOur data suggest that SOCE inhibition may serve as a new pharmacologic strategy for treating IBD.

El objetivo del trabajo es obtener y analizar el costo beneficio de las adquisiciones realizadas con criterios de sostenibilidad en una entidad pública priorizada del orden nacional, a fin de identificar los impactos ambientales y económicos, para facilitar la inclusión de este tipo de criterios en las compras públicas. La priorización de la entidad se efectúo mediante la revisión de los avances de las entidades piloto en la implementación de las Compras Públicas Sostenibles, con base a la información suministrada por el Ministerio de Ambiente y Desarrollo Sostenible; se seleccionó la entidad que aún no tenía el análisis costo beneficio de sus adquisiciones y que presentó el mayor avance en la implementación de las Compras Públicas Sostenibles. Posteriormente, se obtuvo mayor información sobre los contratos que incluyeron criterios de sostenibilidad en sus adquisiciones con el encargado de desarrollar esta labor en la entidad seleccionada. Se filtraron los criterios de sostenibilidad que influenciaban directamente el objeto central del contrato y que eran ponderables en la herramienta análisis costo beneficio. Seleccionados los contratos se procesó y analizó la información en la herramienta donde se calcularon los costos e impactos generados a lo largo del ciclo de vida de las adquisiciones seleccionadas. Los resultados obtenidos muestran indicadores de reducción de impacto y costos de adquisición, operación, indirectos y por cambio climático, generados a lo largo del ciclo de vida de las adquisiciones analizadas. Finalmente, se desarrollaron una serie de recomendaciones con el fin de facilitar la implementación

espanolLa creciente preocupacion por transformar la educacion ante los nuevos retos y circunstancias de la contemporaneidad, vuelve pertinente el analisis de ciertos acuerdos y convencionalismos relacionados con las practicas educativas. En este sentido, se hace oportuno realizar una mirada critica hacia el canon literario escolar a la luz de una perspectiva de genero, que ponga atencion a la presencia de textos escritos por mujeres. Para efectos de la investigacion, se realiza una revision del curriculo dominicano y de propuestas editoriales para la ensenanza de la literatura, segun el Diseno Curricular del Nivel Secundario y las Salidas Optativas de la Modalidad Academica. Despues del analisis de los resultados, se evidencia la perpetuacion de un canon literario patriarcal, en el que la presencia de la mujer escritora ha sido relegada. francaisLe souci croissant de transformer l'education face aux nouveaux defis et circonstances de la contemporaneite, rend pertinente l'analyse de certains accords et conventions lies aux pratiques educatives. En ce sens, il convient de porter un regard critique sur le canon litteraire scolaire a la lumiere d'une perspective de genre, en pretant attention a la presence de textes ecrits par des femmes. Aux fins de la recherche, un examen du programme d'etudes dominicain et des propositions editoriales pour l'enseignement de la litterature est effectue, selon la conception du programme d'etudes du niveau secondaire et les sorties facultatives de la modalite academique. Apres analyse des resultats, la perpetuation d'un canon litteraire patriarcal est mise en evidence, dans laquelle la presence de l'ecrivaine a ete releguee. portuguesA crescente preocupacao em transformar a educacao diante dos novos desafios e circunstâncias da contemporaneidade, torna pertinente a analise de certos acordos e convencoes relacionados as praticas educacionais. Nesse sentido, cabe um olhar critico sobre o cânone literario escolar a luz de uma perspectiva de genero, atentando para a presenca de textos escritos por mulheres. Para efeito da pesquisa, e realizada uma revisao do curriculo dominicano e das propostas editoriais para o ensino da literatura, de acordo com o Desenho Curricular do Nivel Secundario e as Saidas Opcionais da Modalidade Academica. Apos a analise dos resultados, evidencia-se a perpetuacao de um cânone literario patriarcal, no qual a presenca da escritora foi relegada. EnglishThe analysis of certain agreements and conventions related to educational practices becomes pertinent when the growing concern to adjust education to new challenges and circumstances of contemporaneity takes place. In this sense, a critical look at the school literary canon from a gender perspective that pays attention to the presence of texts written by women is appropriate. For this research, we carried out a review of the Dominican curriculum and the editorial proposals in use for the teaching of literature according to the Curriculum Design of the Secondary Level and the Optional Exits of the Academic Modality. The results of the analysis indicate the perpetuation of a patriarchal literary canon and the concealment of women writers. italianoLa crescente preoccupazione di trasformare l'educazione di fronte alle nuove sfide e circostanze della contemporaneita, rende pertinente l'analisi di alcuni accordi e convenzioni relativi alle pratiche educative. In questo senso e opportuno rivolgere uno sguardo critico al canone letterario scolastico alla luce di una prospettiva di genere, prestando attenzione alla presenza di testi scritti da donne. Ai fini della ricerca, viene effettuata una revisione del curriculum domenicano e delle proposte editoriali per l'insegnamento della letteratura, secondo il Disegno curriculare del livello secondario e le uscite facoltative della Modalita accademica. Dopo aver analizzato i risultati, si evidenzia la perpetuazione di un canone letterario patriarcale, in cui e stata relegata la presenza della scrittrice.

The water-sediment partitioning of flumequine and florfenicol, two antibiotics used in salmon aquaculture is a critical driver of their fate and environmental impact. Batch experiments, were carried out using pure water or seawater, with or without sediment, and at summer and winter temperatures of Chilean fjords. Log K

Chile is a major global producer of farmed salmon in the fjords of Patagonia, and therefore a major consumer of antibiotics. We tested whether the antibiotics florfenicol and flumequine persisted in the large Puyuhuapi Fjord after the six months following mandatory concerted treatment by all salmon farms present in the fjord. Antibiotics were detected in 26% of analyzed samples, but only within the particulate phase, with concentrations of florfenicol of up to 23.1 ng L−1, where detected. Flumequine was present in one sample at trace concentration, and neither antibiotic was detected in the dissolved phase nor in surface sediments. A fugacity-based model predicted that flumequine should theoretically remain in surface sediments at the sub-Minimal Inhibiting Concentrations (sub-MIC) previously shown to promote selection for antibiotic resistance in bacteria. Our observations suggest that surface sediments might act as a reservoir for antibiotic resistomes of bacteria, and that bacteria bearing antibiotic resistance genes could eventually become a risk for human health through the consumption of marine products.

We investigated the distribution of microplastics in the water column along a large remote estuarine system located between the Northern and Southern Patagonian Ice Fields in Chilean Patagonia, and connected with the Pacific Ocean through the Gulf of Penas. Microplastic particles were found in all samples, with abundances ranging from 0.1 to 7 particles/m3. Polymers identified were principally acrylics, PET, and cellophane. The average abundance of microplastics in surface waters was similar along the whole estuary (0.4 ± 0.3 particles/m3) with acrylics and epoxy resins being more abundant near Caleta Tortel, the only small village in the area. The observed higher abundance of microplastics in the deeper waters towards the Gulf of Penas points to intrusions of subsurface waters transporting plastic particles from the ocean into the channel system. This underlines the potential of ocean currents in transporting plastic pollution into pristine fjords and channels in Chilean Patagonia.

Este artículo se inscribe en el campo relacional de la educación/comunicación. Tuvo por objeto de estudio las prácticas educativas en la enseñanza y el aprendizaje de la comunicación en las organizaciones del Programa de Comunicación de la Universidad Javeriana (2007-2017). La investigación se realizó desde un enfoque cualitativo, tomando la entrevista y el análisis documental como técnicas de investigación. Se realizaron 15 entrevistas semiestructuradas a 11 comunicadores y a cuatro docentes; se revisaron ocho syllabus de asignaturas, con el fin de analizar las relaciones entre la práctica educativa denominada experiencias significativas y los procesos formativos.

Este artículo se inscribe en el campo relacional de la educación/comunicación. Tuvo por objeto de estudio las prácticas educativas en la enseñanza y el aprendizaje de la comunicación en las organizaciones del Programa de Comunicación de la Universidad Javeriana (2007-2017). La investigación se realizó desde un enfoque cualitativo, tomando la entrevista y el análisis documental como técnicas de investigación. Se realizaron 15 entrevistas semiestructuradas a 11 comunicadores y a cuatro docentes; se revisaron ocho syllabus de asignaturas, con el fin de analizar las relaciones entre la práctica educativa denominada experiencias significativas y los procesos formativos. This article is part of the relational field of education/communication. Its objective is to study the educational practices in teaching and learning of communication in the organizations of the Communication Program at Javeriana University (2007-2017). The research was conducted from a qualitative approach, taking the interview and documentary analysis as research techniques. Fifteen semi-structured interviews were conducted with eleven communicators and four teachers; eight syllabi of different subjects were reviewed, in order to analyze the relationships between the educational practice called significant experiences and the formative processes. Este artigo está circunscrito ao campo relacional da educação/comunicação. Teve como objeto de estudo as práticas educacionais no ensino e na aprendizagem da comunicação nas organizações do Programa de Comunicação da Universidade Javeriana (2007-2017). A pesquisa foi realizada com enfoque qualitativo, considerando a entrevista e a análise documental como técnicas investigativas. Realizaram-se 15 entrevistas semiestruturadas com 11 comunicadores e quatro docentes; revisaram-se oito programas de curso a fim de analisar as relações entre a prática educacional denominada experiências significativas e os processos formativos.

Este libro es memoria de un proceso vivido de diseno participativo con comunidades cafeteras en Gaitania, Tolima. Es la recopilacion, a varias voces, de un proyecto pedagogico con excombatientes, indigenas Nasa Wes´x y lideres cafeteros para el diseno de una marca colectiva de cafe como simbolo de reconciliacion y de construccion local de paz. Se trata de un valioso recorrido por los ejercicios metodologicos y las reflexiones suscitadas en un grupo de estudiantes del Programa de Diseno de la Universidad de Ibague que participaron de este proceso. Los estudiantes, apoyados por sus profesores, las comunidades participantes y diferentes actores en el territorio, recopilaron este material como memoria del surgimiento de la marca colectiva de cafe especial El Tercer Acuerdo. Acompanan a esta memoria una serie de reflexiones y comentarios sobre los procesos dinamicos de construccion de paz y la relevancia del Diseno como practica transicional. Todos aquellos comprometidos con el diseno constante de posibilidades de paz en los territorios, encontraran en este escrito fuentes de inspiracion y referentes de ejercicios pedagogicos en contexto.

Microglia, the resident innate immune cells of the central nervous system (CNS), play an important role in brain development and homoeostasis, as well as in neuroinflammatory, neurodegenerative and psychiatric diseases. Studies in animal models have been used to determine the origin and development of microglia, and how these cells alter their transcriptional and phenotypic signatures during CNS pathology. However, little is known about their human counterparts. Recent studies in human brain samples have harnessed the power of multiplexed single‐cell technologies such as single‐cell RNA sequencing (scRNA‐seq) and mass cytometry (cytometry by time‐of‐flight [CyTOF]) to provide a comprehensive molecular view of human microglia in healthy and diseased brains. CyTOF is a powerful tool to study high‐dimensional protein expression of human microglia (huMG) at the single‐cell level. This technology widens the possibilities of high‐throughput quantification (of over 60 targeted molecules) at a single‐cell resolution. CyTOF can be combined with scRNA‐seq for comprehensive analysis, as it allows single‐cell analysis of post‐translational modifications of proteins, which provides insights into cell signalling dynamics in targeted cells. In addition, imaging mass cytometry (IMC) has recently become commercially available, and will be useful for analysing multiple cell types in human brain sections. IMC leverages mass spectrometry to acquire spatial data of cell–cell interactions on tissue sections, using (theoretically) over 40 markers at the same time. In this review, we summarise recent studies of huMG using CyTOF and IMC analyses. The uses and limitations as well as future directions of these technologies are discussed., In this review, recent studies of human microglia using mass cytometry and imaging mass cytometry analyses are summarized. The use and limitations as well as future directions of these technologies are discussed.

Water quality models are useful tools to understand and mitigate eutrophication processes. However, gaining access to high-resolution data and fitting models to local conditions can interfere with their implementation. This paper analyzes whether it is possible to create a spatial model of nutrient water level at a local scale that is applicable in different geophysical and land-use conditions. The total nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations were modeled by integrating Geographical Information Systems, Remote Sensing, and Generalized Additive and Land-Use Changes Modeling. The research was based on two case studies, which included 204 drainage basins, with nutrient and limnological data collected during two seasons. The models performed well under local conditions, with small errors calculated from the independent samples. The recorded and predicted concentrations of nutrients indicated a significant risk of water eutrophication in both areas, showing the impact of agricultural intensification and population growth on water quality. The models are a contribution to the sustainable land-use planning process, which can help to prevent or promote land-use transformation and new practices in agricultural production and urban design. The ability to implement models using secondary information, which is easily collected at a low cost, is the most remarkable feature of this approach. Universidad de la República. Comisión Sectorial de Investigación Científica Agencia Nacional de Investigación e Innovación Programa de Desarrollo de las Ciencias Básicas - Geociencias

Chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) is a biologically active component of dissolved organic matter that influences the optical properties of aquatic environments, thereby playing an important role in the photochemical and photobiology processes occurring in the euphotic layer. Three cruises were carried out at three contrasting oceanographic areas off central and southern Chile (36.8°S, 44.6°S, 54.9°S) between November 2013 and July 2017 in order to assess the variability of the CDOM pool's optical properties (a325, SCDOM, SR). Marked differences, including vertical variability, were found for a325, SCDOM, and SR within and among each of the three zones, although surface DOC concentrations remained constant at all sites (87.59 ± 26.04 µmol L−1). At the coastal area close to the Biobio River (36.8°S), a325 values varied between 0.26–1.93 m−1 with maximum measured in surface waters. For the Puyuhuapi fjord in northern Patagonia (44.6°S), a325 ranged between 0.69 and 3.86 m−1, while in the Beagle Channel (54.9°S) it oscillated between 0.59 and 1.73 m−1. We identified the terrestrial organic matter input to surface waters as the main factor influencing surface CDOM concentrations in central Chile. In the Puyuhuapi fjord, terrestrial influence was heterogeneous because of its seasonal variability of the Channel but it was overall less significant than in situ produced CDOM. We also observed the lowest contribution of terrestrial CDOM inputs compared to the in situ production in southern Patagonia (Beagle Channel). We observed that the distribution of CDOM is potentially dominated by biological in situ production below the surface freshwater-influenced layer in the southern area while highly influenced by terrestrial input in the coastal upwelling area at 36°S. Overall, this study shows that the optical properties of dissolved organic matter (mainly SR) can be suitable for identifying different CDOM pools in coastal areas of contrasting oceanographic conditions. In stratified systems, freshwater inputs determine the distribution of surface CDOM while in well-mixed conditions, the in situ production determine the general CDOM concentration.

Catalysts of rhodium supported on pure oxides and modified alumina with 50, 75 and 100% of ZrO2 were prepared by the impregnation method, to be tested in the reaction of dry reforming of methane in order to study the effect of the metal-support interaction on the reaction rate. The catalysts were characterized by N2 adsorption isotherms, CO chemisorption, TEM, temperature programmed reduction, XRD and XPS. The reaction rate for CH4 conversion was measured at 500–700 °C, in the absence of transport limitation. The average Rh cluster size in catalysts with modified supports resulted similar as compared with the catalyst Rh/0%ZrO2–Al2O3, so that the modification of the support had no effect on the dispersion of Rh, which is associated with the similarity in the BET surface area of the pure and modified alumina. The Rh-support interaction is determined by the degree of coverage of alumina with zirconia and by the nature of ZrO2 phase formed in the grafted supports. The higher coverage of alumina with zirconia leads to a lower Rh-support interaction. However, the interaction of Rh with the monoclinic phase seems to be weaker than with the tetragonal phase of zirconia, the latter more abundant as the loading of ZrO2 is increased in the grafted supports. Consequently, the Rh-support interaction increases with the content of ZrO2. Despite the different Rh-support interaction, the structural sensitivity of dry reforming of methane on Rh catalysts was still evidenced, i.e., the DRM reaction rate is mainly determined by the coordination degree of Rh atoms on the catalyst surface.

Peak Force Tapping-mode AFM is used to investigate the three-dimensional morphology of RuO 2 nanoparticles supported on a solid surface, with sub-nanometer spatial resolution. Samples were prepared by spin coating (i) a drop of RuO 2 colloidal suspension onto a mica sheet, followed by further treatments (drying, calcination and/or reduction), and (ii) a second drop of colloidal suspension on fresh, dried or calcined RuO 2 -mica. RuO 2 crystallites are supported with a certain distribution of sizes, and this heterogeneity is essentially maintained after high-temperature treatments. After calcination, single coated RuO 2 -mica samples present small RuO 2 crystallites (4.5 nm height) as well as nanorod-like assemblies (14 nm height). A disaggregation of particles occurs during the reduction treatment. Double coating RuO 2 over non-calcined RuO 2 -mica samples involves mechanical effects causing re-dispersion of supported clusters. An intermediate drying step is unable to prevent re-dispersion of particles and even leads to repulsion between dehydrate RuO 2 supported particles and hydrated particles in suspension. Meanwhile, a calcination step prevents re-dispersion and promotes growth of supported crystallites. Nanorods formed by single RuO 2 deposition exhibit mostly regular flat surfaces, while a second RuO 2 deposition on calcined RuO 2 -mica samples leads to larger nanorods with stepped surfaces (terraces), a favourable geometry for ammonia synthesis reaction.

Biomass gasification is a promising way to obtain &ldquo, green energy&rdquo, but the gas composition makes it unsuitable for use in traditional technologies (i.e., IC engine). Gas purification over nickel and/or iron catalysts is an attractive alternative. Cellulose-based carbon aerogels (CAGs) have shown suitable physical chemical properties for use as catalyst supports. In this work, nickel and iron catalysts are supported on CAG made from cellulose microfibers. Microfibers were impregnated with (NH4)2SO4 to increase the mass yield. Carbonization was evaluated at different heating rates, maximum temperatures, and dwell times to generate CAGs. Resulting chars were characterized by N2 adsorption, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Raman spectroscopy. The CAG with better properties (specific surface, pore size, thermal resistance) was impregnated with the metal precursor salt via incipient wetness and treated with H2. Catalysts were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), XRD, N2 adsorption, and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). Ammonia adsorption was studied over CAG and catalysts to estimate the thermodynamic parameters. The impregnation with ((NH4)2SO4 improves thermal resistance of the char obtained from carbonization. The catalysts exhibit higher adsorption capacity than CAG (without metal), indicating chemical interaction between ammonia and metals. The metal-ammonia interaction is stronger on Fe than on Ni catalyst, which is consistent with reported theoretical calculations.

International audience; The high production levels of the Chilean salmon farming industry have resulted in the emergence of several diseases that affect all stages of development of cultured species. The parasitic copepod Caligus rogercresseyi is considered a potential vector of pathologies, and different chemical compounds such as pyrethroids and organophosphates have been used to prevent and control sea lice outbreaks. In this study, the effect of azametiphos, deltamethrin, and emamectin benzoate on the larval stages of the mussel Choromytilus chorusand the sea-urchins Sphaerechinus granularis and Paracentrotus lividuswas explored. No effects were found in the final larval development of C. chorus(D larvae). However, the trochophore development seemed accelerated in the presence of pesticides compared to the control larvae. In the case of P. lividus and S. granularis, exposure to all pesticides caused an increase in the rate of abnormal larval development compared to the control.

International audience; According to our previous results, a broad size distribution of Ru-supported nanoparticles is required for a high activity in ammonia synthesis under mild reaction conditions, since a synergy in the catalytic activity was observed between particles of different sizes. In this work we reach a more controlled heterogeneity of sizes by mixing different ruthenia colloidal suspensions, before impregnation on alumina, which improves the catalytic activity. Kinetic studies, 'in situ' characterizations and H/D isotopic exchange experiments were separately performed on catalysts containing small Ru nanoparticles and catalysts containing larger particles, in order to elucidate the mechanism of catalytic cooperation. Clear evidence is presented of a mechanism involving the migration of H atoms from large to small Ru nanoparticles, which is expected to improve the catalytic performance by promoting the hydrogenation of adsorbed NHX species and the release of active sites