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Periodontal disease is an infectious inflammatory disease related to the destruction of supporting tissues of the teeth, leading to a functional loss of the teeth. Inflammatory molecules present in the exudate are catalyzed and form different metabolites that can be identified and quantified. Thus, we evaluated the inflammatory exudate present in crevicular fluid to identify metabolic biological markers for diagnosing chronic periodontal disease in older adults. Research participants were selected from long-term institutions in Brazil. Participants were individuals aged 65 years or older, healthy, or with chronic periodontal disease. Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry was used to evaluate potential biomarkers in 120 crevicular fluid samples. We identified 969 metabolites in the individuals. Of these, 15 metabolites showed a variable importance with projection score > 1 and were associated with periodontal disease. Further analysis showed that among the 15 metabolites, two (5-aminovaleric acid and serine, 3TMS derivative) were found at higher concentrations in the crevicular fluid, indicating their potential diagnostic power for periodontal disease in older adults. Our findings indicated that some metabolites are present at high concentrations in the crevicular fluid in older adults with periodontal disease and can be used as biomarkers of periodontal disease.

The acute phase of experimental Trypanosoma cruzi infection is associated with a strong inflammatory reaction, physiological changes, amastigote nests in tissues, and hematological alterations. ArtinM, a lectin extracted from Artocarpus heterophyllus seeds, is a homotetramer exhibiting immunomodulatory properties that promotes Th1 immune responses against intracellular pathogens, including the induction of neutrophil migration and increase in IL‐12 production. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of ArtinM on experimental Chagas disease in mice. We evaluated mouse survival curves, parasitemia, hematological parameters including quantification of inflammatory infiltrates, and amastigote nests in cardiac tissue during infection. The results showed a reduced number of parasites in the blood, an increase in animal survival, improvements in hematological parameters, and decrease in inflammatory infiltrates and amastigote nests in the group treated with ArtinM. Collectively, these data suggest that the administration of ArtinM can lower the number of parasites in peak parasitemia caused by the Colombian strain of T. cruzi and can increase survival of infected mice. The observed reduction in cardiac tissue injury may be due to fewer T. cruzi amastigote nests and lower levels of inflammatory infiltrates. This study highlights the need for further investigation into the use of ArtinM as a potential alternative therapeutic for treating Chagas disease.

The purpose of this study was to analyze the epidemiological profile of syphilis cases in pregnant women living in Mineiros city, Goias, between 2015 and 2018. This was a descriptive epidemiological study using a quantitative approach. The study was basedon the data obtained from the Information System for Notifiable Diseases (SINAN-NET), Information System on Live Births (SINASC) in Mineiros city, Goias, between January 2015 and August 31st 2018. In 2015, fewer cases were reported compared to the other years, whereas increasing numbers have been observed over the period evaluated, leading to the question of possible sub-registrations. Thus, it is clear that between 2015 and 2018, there was a prevalenceof syphilisin the age group of 20–29 years that represented 47.6% of cases in the year 2017, followed by the group of 15–19 years with 44.4% of cases in 2016.An analysis of the cases stratified by schooling showed that the disease was more common in women who attended school till 5th to 8th grades, i.e., women who had incomplete elementary schooling, representing 33.3% of the cases of pregnant women with syphilis in the year 2017. The study showed a significant increase in the number of gestational syphilis cases in teenagers and young adults over the years.

Leishmaniasis is a group of diseases caused by several species of protozoa. It is a major public health concern in its visceral form, accounting annually for 59,000 deaths, and an estimated 12 million infected patients per year. The importance of VL resides not only in its high incidence and wide distribution but also in the possibility of the disease progressing to the severe and lethal forms, especially in children and immunosuppressed individuals, when associated with malnutrition and concomitant infections. This study is a bibliographical review, aiming to understand the sensitivity and specificity parameters of the tests used to detect Leishmaniasis, as well as to understand if there is any relevance in proposing a serological screening for Leishmaniasis in blood banks. In general, we observed that there are currently several types of tests for detecting Leishmaniasis: parasitological, serological and molecular. In such tests, many serological methods and kits are available for the detection of asymptomatic visceral leishmaniasis, but there is variability in sensitivity and specificity among the methods. The gold standard for the diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis is the parasitological method, through the aspiration of bone marrow, with higher sensitivity by splenic puncture. Due to the relevance of the disease and the available data from research centers, there is evidence to propose a transfusion serological screening for visceral Leishmaniasis, pointing to the need for further studies.

Objective: To assess the effect of chronic alcohol consumption on the longitudinal growth of the tibia and bone quality parameters in young rats under an experimental setup. METHODS: The control (n=10) rats received only water. The ethanol (n=10) rats received ethyl alcohol at concentrations established in the protocol for the induction of chronic alcohol consumption. The blood samples were immediately collected via cardiac puncture and processed to evaluate the levels of alkaline phosphatase by automated spectrophotometry. Following blood sample collection, both tibias were dissected, and weighed; the tibial length was measured., and the samples were stored in a freezer for future analysis of the bone mineral content and mechanical resistance, known as maximal load and stiffness. RESULTS: Compromised bone health, with a 35.3% decrease in the serum alkaline phosphatase levels (p < 0.01), a 10% decrease in the tibial mass (p < 0.05), and a 5.3% decrease in the tibial length (p < 0.0001) were noted. Furthermore, a 10% decrease in the bone mineral density was observed (p < 0.01), which led to a 17.2% decrease in the maximum strength (p < 0.01) and 22.6% decrease in stiffness (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Chronic consumption of alcohol affected the bones of young rats, making them weaker and osteopenic. In addition, the long bones were shorter, suggesting interference with growth. Level of Evidence III, Case Control Study. RESUMO Objetivo: Verificar a influência do consumo experimental crônico de álcool no crescimento longitudinal da tíbia e em parâmetros de qualidade óssea de ratos jovens. Métodos: Dez ratos controle receberam água, outros dez receberam álcool etílico nas concentrações estabelecidas no protocolo para indução. Após eutanásia, as amostras de sangue foram coletadas por punção cardíaca e processadas para avaliar os níveis de fosfatase alcalina por espectrofotometria automatizada. Após a coleta de sangue, ambas as tíbias foram dissecadas, pesadas e medidas em comprimento. Foram realizadas análises do conteúdo mineral ósseo e resistência mecânica, por meio da análise da força máxima e rigidez. Resultados: Houve comprometimento da saúde óssea, com redução de 35,3% no nível de fosfatase alcalina no plasma (p

Introduction: Candida albicans is the main agent of the most common fungal infection, Candidiasis. It is an opportunistic and dangerous pathogen, especially in immunosuppressed patients. The biological properties of Morinda citrifolia (noni) make it a potent antifungal. In this study, antifungal effect of M. citrifolia was evaluated to verify its effect on human cells. Methodology: Extract of M. citrifolia was used against strains of C. albicans (cEC 1291). Glucose consumption in C. albicans biofilm was determined at different concentrations of M. citrifolia, and germ tube formation was evaluated in the presence and absence of M. citrifolia. Fungicidal activity was determined by the kinetics of fungal cell death. THP-1 and HeLa cells were used for cell viability and apoptosis, and cell proliferation assays, respectively. Results: Cells treated with M. citrifolia maintained higher concentration of glucose than the control group (p < 0.05). Germ tube formation was inhibited in cells treated with M. citrifolia (p < 0.05). M. citrifolia exerted a cytotoxic effect on C. albicans cells with 99.99% lethality after 6.82 h (1:1 and 1:2), and reduced the viability of THP-1 cells by 25% and 67% after 12 and 36 h, respectively. Annexin V expression in THP-1 increased in groups that received higher concentrations of M. citrifolia (p < 0.05), reducing the proliferation of THP-1 and HeLa cells (2.8-fold). A greater cytotoxic effect was observed in fungal cells. Conclusions: These results indicate that M. citrifolia exerts biological activity against C. albicans and reduces the viability and proliferation of human cells.

Domestic pigeons carry pathogens in their droppings, posing a potential public health problem.The phenotypic and genotypic antimicrobial resistances of Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecium in the feces of urban pigeons near hospitals with intensive care units were measured.Twenty-nine samples showed Enterococcus growth, whereas one was positive for S. aureus. The S. aureus isolate was sensitive to the antibiotics tested via antibiogram, however resistance genes were identified. E. faecium isolates showed phenotypic resistance to gentamicin, erythromycin, and ciprofloxacin.Antimicrobial profiles harmful to health were demonstrated in bacterial pathogens isolated from the external environment of hospitals.

The present study is aimed at evaluating serological method using scFv anti

Objetivo: Estudo investigativo que avaliou o conhecimento acerca da transmissão, prevenção e controle da Influenza A - H1N1. Método: Foi realizada uma pesquisa descritiva, exploratória e quantitativa, junto í população da cidade de Uberaba/MG, no perí­odo de 01/10/2018 a 21/10/2018, onde se respondeu a um questionário em que se tratava de questões pertinentes ao conhecimento geral, contágio, tratamento e cura da doença causada pelo H1N1, foram determinadas as frequências para cadaresposta e avaliadas por teste de hipótese (Q-Quadrado). Resultados: Um í­ndice baixo de conhecimento geral foi encontrado (78%), seguido de 82% de respostas incorretas quanto ao tratamento e a cura, e de 59% de respostas incorretas sobre questões referentes í s formas de contágio da doença. Conclusão: Os dados contribuem para demonstrar divergência entre os mecanismos traçadores da geração em Educação em Saúde, apontando assim, para necessidade de um melhor direcionamento na prática da manutenção e geração í saúde pública.

Introduction: Leprosy is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae. This study aimed to understand the distribution and impact of Hansen's disease in different regions of Brazil and the outcome of cases in recent years. Methodology: An ecological study was conducted throughout the Brazilian territory for 11 years (2008–2018). The mortality rates, new cases of the disease, and proportion of physical disability and cure were assessed. Data were obtained using DATASUS. GraphPad Excel and “Prisma” programs were used for tabulation and data processing. To present an accurate perspective from all regions, the data were normalized according to the population. Results: Overall, the results demonstrated a significant reduction in the number of leprosy cases in Brazil over the last decade (p

O processo de envelhecimento e o aumento da expectativa de vida apontam para a melhora na qualidade de vida devido a seus eventos incapacitantes. As fraturas por fragilidade óssea e suas consequências físicas e psíquicas podem ser evitadas através do reconhecimento dos fatores de risco. O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar os fatores de risco para fraturas por fragilidade em idosos no município de Mineiros/GO. Foi realizado um estudo analítico-descritivo, com delineamento transversal, sendo inclusos 100 idosos atendidos em unidades de saúdecde Mineiros/GO. Foi realizado um questionário sobre incidência e fatores de risco para fraturas por fragilidade óssea, determinando a prevalência e o risco de fraturas pela escala FRAX-Brasil, os possíveis desfechos e a associação dos fatores de risco para fraturas por fragilidade óssea. Assim, identificou-se a prevalência dos fatores de risco para fraturas por fragilidade, sendo que sua maioria foram do sexo feminino, cor branca, idade média 70,54 anos (desvio padrão 8,48) e 80% dos pesquisados nunca realizaram densitometria óssea, e desses, a maioria apresentaram fatores de risco para fratura maior e de quadril entre moderado e alto. Concluímos que existe a necessidade de prevenção da osteoporose, diagnóstico precoce e tratamento eficaz, reduzindo os índices dessas fraturas. A identificação dos fatores de risco mais prevalentes facilita a implementação de medidas preventivas e socioeducativas a curto e a longo prazo pelo serviço de saúde. Além disso, espera-se contribuir para construção de uma rede de cuidado ao paciente idoso vulnerável a quedas e fraturas por fragilidade.

The acute phase of experimental Trypanosoma cruzi infection is associated with a strong inflammatory reaction, physiological changes, amastigote nests in tissues, and hematological alterations. ArtinM, a lectin extracted from Artocarpus heterophyllus seeds, is a homotetramer exhibiting immunomodulatory properties that promotes Th1 immune responses against intracellular pathogens, including the induction of neutrophil migration and increase in IL‐12 production. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of ArtinM on experimental Chagas disease in mice. We evaluated mouse survival curves, parasitemia, hematological parameters including quantification of inflammatory infiltrates, and amastigote nests in cardiac tissue during infection. The results showed a reduced number of parasites in the blood, an increase in animal survival, improvements in hematological parameters, and decrease in inflammatory infiltrates and amastigote nests in the group treated with ArtinM. Collectively, these data suggest that the administration of ArtinM can lower the number of parasites in peak parasitemia caused by the Colombian strain of T. cruzi and can increase survival of infected mice. The observed reduction in cardiac tissue injury may be due to fewer T. cruzi amastigote nests and lower levels of inflammatory infiltrates. This study highlights the need for further investigation into the use of ArtinM as a potential alternative therapeutic for treating Chagas disease.

O suicídio é um ato que interroga a relação de sentido com a existência, assunto geralmente evitado pela sociedade. Considerando o aumento do suicídio entre indivíduos jovens bem como as altas prevalências na região Centro-Oeste do país, neste estudo, objetivou-se relacionar os índices de suicídios da capital Goiânia a uma cidade do interior da região Centro-Oeste (Mineiros-GO), nos períodos da pré-adolescência, adolescência e em adultos jovens. Para isso, foi consultada base de dados do Ministério da Saúde, em um período de 10 anos (2006 a 2015). Fatores como sexo e causa da morte foram considerados. Os dados analisados, quantitativamente, permitiram apontar um número maior de suicídios entre os adultos jovens, em relação ao período da pré-adolescência e adolescência, o que pode ser relacionado com algumas características desses momentos contíguos da vida dos sujeitos e de seus contextos locais. Os dados também indicaram que o município de Mineiros apresentou índices maiores em comparação com a capital se relacionado ao número de mortes por enforcamento. Contudo, os dados permitem fortalecer de que as políticas públicas se fazem precisas e urgentes para atendimento desse público, não somente em grandes centros urbanos, mas também em municípios de pequeno e médio porte do interior dos estados brasileiros. Palavras-chave: Suicídio. Adolescência. Juventude. Saúde coletiva.

Urinary tract infection (UTI) is the most common type of bacterial infection acquired in a hospital and may affect the upper (pyelonephritis) or lower urinary tract (cystitis).

Morinda citrifolia L. (noni) has been indicated to treat a variety of disorders; however, important aspects surrounding the consumption of products derived from noni still require clarification. We investigated the immune-related effects produced by the consumption of noni fruit juice by C57BL/6 mice. In the intestine, IL-4 and IL-10 levels were reduced following consumption of the fruit juice at a 1:100 dilution. However, when the highest concentrations were administered, IFN-γ, TNF-α and IL-12 levels increased in this organ. Similarly, IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-12, IL-4, IL-23 and IL-10 levels increased in the liver. In the kidney, IL-12 production decreased following consumption of the juice at a 1:100 dilution. In the intestine, only a mild edema was observed followed by the consumption of noni fruit juice at the highest concentrations. Overall, noni fruit juice consumption did not cause any significant disturbances in liver or kidney outside of immune modulation.

Objectives The aim of this study was to compare the levels of IL-6, IL-10, IL-17 and IL-33 in the peri-implantar crevicular fluid (PICF) and in parotid gland saliva (PGS) of healthy patients, and peri-implantitis and peri-implant mucositis patients. Materials and methods The PICF was collected from 40 implants as follows: 10 peri-implant mucositis patients, 20 peri-implantitis patients and 10 healthy patients. The PICF and PGS samples collected from each patient were quantified for IL-6, IL-10, IL-17 and IL-33 by enzymatic immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results IL-6, IL-17 and IL-33 levels on PIFC were significantly higher in peri-implantitis group when compared to healthy group. IL-17 and IL-33 levels in PIFC were significantly higher in peri-implant mucositis group than in healthy group. There was no significant difference when comparing IL-6, IL-10, IL-17 and IL-33 levels in PGS among healthy, peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis groups. Conclusions Therefore, as in patients with peri-implantitis there were significantly higher levels of IL-6, IL-17 and IL-33 in PICF, we believe that these cytokines were intensifying local inflammatory process, and contributing to clinical aspects such as increased marginal bleeding and probing depth found in patients with peri-implantitis. Furthermore, as IL-17 and IL-33 were increased in patients with peri-implant mucositis, hypothesized that these cytokines were also contributing to the inflammatory process observed in this disease.

Background: Senescence is a multifactorial process that in humans may be accompanied by inflammation and immune dysfunction in the oral cavity. Notably, periodontal disease, considered one of the most common inflammatory disorders in the oral cavity, has also been linked to the onset of other chronic inflammatory diseases common in the elderly. Thus, investigating immunity and inflammation during senescence may not only illuminate the pathophysiology of periodontal disease, but also identify new therapeutic targets. Materials and Methods: To this end, we retrospectively and systematically reviewed studies of immune molecules associated with periodontal disease. These studies were identified in PubMed from three independent searches based on distinct sets of search terms. Results: The data highlight the need to further investigate inflammatory molecules involved in chronic periodontal disease in the elderly, but strongly suggest that interleukin (IL)-33 is involved. Indeed, various genetic and environmental factors appear to contribute to pathogenesis via IL-33. Conclusion: The IL-33 axis may be promising therapeutic target in elderly patients.