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El objetivo del presente trabajo es determinar el tipo de responsabilidad civil que se genera, sea este contractual o extracontractual, los sujetos activos a quienes se les podría imputar sean estos los propios autores, sus padres o el propio colegio y las sanciones aplicables en el caso de hacerse efectiva dicha responsabilidad en contextos de violencia escolar al interior de los diversos establecimientos educacionales en Chile.

Patients with inborn errors of the alternative NF-κB pathway have low thymic AIRE expression, leading to the development of auto-Abs neutralizing type I IFNs, and severe viral diseases.

Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C) is a systemic inflammatory condition that follows SARS-CoV2 infection or exposure in children. Clinical presentations are highly variable and include fever, gastrointestinal (GI) disease, shock, and Kawasaki Disease-like illness (MIS-C/KD). Compared to patients with acute COVID, patients with MIS-C have a distinct immune signature and expansion of TRVB11 expressing T cells. However, the relationship between immunological and clinical phenotypes of MIS-C is unknown. Here, we measured serum biomarkers, TCR repertoire, and SARS-CoV2-specific T cell responses in a cohort of 76 MIS-C patients. Serum biomarkers associated with macrophage and Th1 activation were elevated in patients with shock, consistent with previous reports. Significantly increased SARS-CoV-2-induced IFN-γ, IL-2, and TNF-α production were seen in CD4+ T cells from patients with neurologic involvement and respiratory failure. Diarrhea was associated with a significant reduction in shock-associated serum biomarkers, suggesting a protective effect. TRVB11 usage was highly associated with MIS-C/KD and coronary aneurysms, suggesting a potential biomarker for these manifestations in MIS-C patients. By identifying novel immunologic associations with the different clinical phenotypes of MIS-C, this study provides insights into the clinical heterogeneity of MIS-C. These unique immunophenotypic associations could provide biomarkers to identify patients at risk for severe complications of MIS-C, including shock and MIS-C/KD.

White adipose tissue (AT) dysfunction plays an important role in the development of cardiometabolic alterations associated with obesity. AT dysfunction is characterized by the loss of the expansion capacity of the AT, an increment in adipocyte hypertrophy, and changes in the secretion profile of adipose cells, associated with accumulation of macrophages and inflammation. Since not all people with an excess of adiposity develop comorbidities, it is necessary to find simple tools that can evidence AT dysfunction and allow the detection of those people with the potential to develop metabolic alterations. This review focuses on the current pathophysiological mechanisms of white AT dysfunction and emerging measurements to assess its functionality.

Multisystemic inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) is a life-threatening disease that occurs 2-5 weeks after severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 exposure and is characterized by severe multisystemic inflammation. Early recognition of MIS-C is key to prognosis; therefore, establishing clinical and laboratory biomarkers that predict complications is urgently needed.We characterized the immune response and clinical features of patients with acute MIS-C and determined biomarkers of disease in a cohort of 42 Latin American patients.Immune characterization was performed using flow cytometry from peripheral mononuclear cells and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2-specific humoral and cellular response was performed using flow cytometry, enzyme-linked immunospot, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and neutralizing antibody assays.MIS-C is characterized by robust T-cell activation and cytokine storm. We uncovered that while C-X-C motif chemokine ligand (CXCL) 9, IL-10, CXCL8, CXCL10, IL-6, and IL-18 are significantly elevated in patients with shock, while CCL5 was increased in milder disease. Monocyte dysregulation was specifically associated with KD-like MIS-C. Interestingly, MIS-C patients show a natural killer cell degranulation defect that is persistent after 6 months of disease presentation, suggesting it could underlie disease susceptibility. Most MIS-C had gastrointestinal involvement, and higher levels of neopterin were identified in their stools, potentially representing a biomarker of intestinal inflammation in MIS-C. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2-specific cellular response and neutralizing antibodies were identifiable in convalescent MIS-C patients, suggesting sustained immunity.Clinical characterization and comprehensive immunophenotyping of Chilean MIS-C cohort provide valuable insights in understanding immune dysregulation in MIS-C and identify relevant biomarkers of disease that could be used to predict severity and organ involvement.

The effect of nickel in the adsorption of N-acetyl-p-aminophenol (paracetamol) on a metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) type MIL-101(Cr) was studied. The incorporation of Ni to MOFs adsorbent was carried out by impregnation and adjusted to give a 4.00 wt.% Ni. The adsorbents were characterized by specific surface area (SSA), surface acidity techniques, electrophoretic migration (EM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and scanning electron microscope (SEM) and were tested by the adsorption of paracetamol solutions. The results showed that the Ni particles were well dispersed throughout the MIL-101(Cr) crystal increasing the acid strength and the density of acid site values in the MOFs surface. The increase in adsorption capacity of MIL-101(Cr) when Ni was incorporated can be attributed to the availability of metal atoms as adsorption centers that can adsorb the paracetamol by electronic retro-donation through π-type complexing.