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2. In situ hybridization of H-K-ATPase beta-subunit mRNA in rat and rabbit kidney

Author

Campbell-Thompson, Martha L., Verlander, Jill W., Curran, Kevin A., Cambell, W. Grady, Cain, Brian D., Wingo, Charles S., and McGuigan, James E.

Subjects
Kidneys -- Physiological aspects, Biological sciences
Abstract

The proton-potassium-stimulated adenosinetriphosphatase (H-K-ATPase) beta-subunit mRNA is localized in the collecting duct of the kidney as revealed by the analysis of riboprobes obtained from rabbit renal cDNA library. Digoxingenin containing riboprobes were generated from 570-bp DNA fragment of rabbit renal H-K-ATPase beta subunit through in vitro transcription. H-K-ATPase is an important subunit of potassium and acid-base transport throughout the collecting duct.

Published
1995

3. [Cytoembryologic studies of super dwarf wheat grown in 'Svet' greenhouse in the ground-based experiments]

Author

Levinskikh, M. A, Veselova, T. D, Il'ina, G. M, Dzhalilova, Kh Kh, Sychev, V. N, Derendiaeva, T. A, Salisbury, F, Cambell, W, Bubenheim, D, and Campbell, W

Subjects
Life Sciences (General)
Abstract

The Project of scientific programs MIR/SHUTTLE and MIR/NASA was allowed for studying the productional, cytoembryological, morphological, biomechanical and other characteristics of superclub wheat on cultivation in the Svet greenhouse on-board orbital complex. This work was aimed at studying the duration of the complete cycle of ontogenesis of wheat and its individual stages, the peculiarities of forming the reproductive organs, processes, fertilization and formation of the seed production while cultivating in the Svet greenhouse under terrestrial conditions. Superclub wheat has been the object of experimentation. On cultivation of superclub wheat in the Svet greenhouse at designated conditions it was found that the cycle duration "from seed to seed" was 90-97 days. The number of granules in the wheat-ears studied was quite low and ranged from 15 to 30%. Performed studies with applying the light microscopy have indicated that in superclub wheat the embryological processes occur in compliance with those regularities which are described for the other forms of soft wheat.

Published
1998

4. Carotid artery stenting compared with endarterectomy in patients with symptomatic carotid stenosis (International Carotid Stenting Study): an interim analysis of a randomised controlled trial

Author

Ederle, J., Dobson, J., Featherstone, R. L., Bonati, L. H., Worp, H. B., Borst, G. J., Lo, T. H., Gaines, P., Dorman, P. J., Macdonald, S., Lyrer, P. A., Hendriks, J. M., Mccollum, C., Nederkoorn, P. J., Brown, M. M., Algra, A., Bamford, J., Beard, J., Bland, M., Bradbury, A. W., Clifton, A., Hacke, W., Halliday, A., Malik, I., Mas, J. L., Mcguire, A. J., Sidhu, P., Venables, G., Bradbury, A., Collins, R., Molynewc, A., Naylor, R., Warlow, C., Ferro, J. M., Thomas, D., Coward, L., Featherstone, R. F., Tindall, H., Mccabe, D. J. H., Wallis, A., Brooks, M., Chambers, B., Chan, A., Chu, P., Clark, D., Dewey, H., Donnan, G., Fell, G., Hoare, M., Molan, M., Roberts, A., Roberts, N., Beiles, B., Bladin, C., Clifford, C., Grigg, M., New, G., Bell, R., Bower, S., Chong, W., Holt, M., Saunder, A., Than, P. G., Gett, S., Leggett, D., Mcgahan, T., Quinn, J., Ray, M., Wong, A., Woodruff, P., Foreman, R., Schultz, D., Scroop, R., Stanley, B., Allard, B., Atkinson, N., Cambell, W., Davies, S., Field, P., Milne, P., Mitchell, P., Tress, B., Yan, B., Beasley, A., Dunbabin, D., Stary, D., Walker, S., Cras, P., D Archambeau, O., Hendriks, J. M. H., Schil, P., Bosiers, M., Deloose, K., Buggenhout, E., Letter, J., Devos, V., Ghekiere, J., Vanhooren, G., Astarci, P., Hammer, F., Lacroix, V., Peters, A., Verhelst, R., Dejaegher, L., Peeters, A., Verbist, J., Blair, J. F., Caron, J. L., Daneault, M., Giroux, M. F., Guilbert, F., Lanthier, S., Lebrun, L. H., Oliva, V., Raymond, J., Roy, D., Soulez, G., Weill, A., Hill, M., Hu, W., Hudion, M., Morrish, W., Sutherland, G., Wong, J., Alback, A., Harno, H., Ijas, P., Kaste, M., Lepantalo, M., Mustanoja, S., Paananen, T., Porras, M., Puutala, J., Railo, M., Sairanen, T., Soinne, L., Vehmas, A., Vikatmaa, P., Goertler, M., Halloul, Z., Skalej, M., Brennan, P., Kelly, C., Leahy, A., Moroney, J., Thornton, J., Koelemay, M. J. W., Reekers, J. A. A., Roos, Y. B. W. E. M., Koudstaal, P. J., Pattynama, P. M. T., Lugt, A., Dijk, L. C., Sambeek, L. R. H. M., Urk, H., Verhargen, H. J. M., Bruininckx, C. M. A., Bruijn, S. F., Keunen, R., Knippenberg, B., Mosch, A., Treurniet, F., Dijk, L., Overhagen, H., Wever, J., Beer, F. C., Den Berg, J. S. P., Hasselt, B. A. A. M., Zeilstra, D. J., Boiten, J., Otterloo, J. C. A. D., Vries, A. C., Nieholt, G. J. L. A., Kallen, B. F. W., Blankensteijn, J. D., Leeuw, F. E., Kool, L. J. S., Vliet, J. A., Kort, G. A. P., Kapelle, L. J., Mali, W. P. T. M., Moll, F., Verhagen, H., Barber, P. A., Bourchier, R., Hill, A., Holden, A., Stewart, J., Bakke, S. J., Krohg-Sorensen, K., Skjelland, M., Tennoe, B., Bialek, P., Biejat, Z., Czepiel, W., Czlonkowska, A., Dowzenko, A., Jedrzejewska, J., Kobayashi, A., Lelek, M., Polanski, J., Kirbis, J., Milosevic, Z., Zvan, B., Vasco, J., Blasco, J., Chamorro, A., Macho, J., Obach, V., Riambau, V., San Roman, L., Branera, J., Canovas, D., Estela, J., Gaibar, A. G., Perendreu, J., Bjorses, K., Gottsater, A., Ivancev, K., Maetzsch, T., Sonesson, B., Berg, B., Delle, M., Formgren, J., Gillgren, P., Kall, T. B., Konrad, P., Nyman, N., Takolander, R., Andersson, T., Malmstedt, A., Soderman, M., Wahlgren, C., Wahlgren, N., Binaghi, S., Hirt, L., Michel, P., Ruchat, P., Engelter, S. T., Fluri, F., Guerke, L., Jacob, A. L., Kirsch, E., Radue, E. W., Stierli, P., Wasner, M., Wetznel, S., Bonvin, C., Kalangos, A., Lovblad, K., Murith, N., Ruefenacht, D., Sztajzel, R., Higgins, N., Kirkpatrick, P. J., Martin, P., Adam, D., Bell, J., Crowe, P., Gannon, M., Henderson, M. J., Sandler, D., Shinton, R. A., Scriven, J. M., Wilmink, T., D Souza, S., Egun, A., Guta, R., Punekar, S., Seriki, D. M., Thomson, G., Brennan, A., Enevoldson, T. P., Gilling-Smith, G., Gould, D. A., Harris, P. L., Mcwilliams, R. G., Nasser, H. C., White, R., Prakash, K. G., Serracino-Inglott, F., Subramanian, G., Smyth, J. V., Walker, M. G., Clarke, M., Davis, M., Dixit, S. A., Dolman, P., Dyker, A., Ford, G., Golkar, A., Jackson, R., Jayakrishnan, V., Lambert, D., Lees, T., Louw, S., Mendelow, A. D., Rodgers, H., Rose, J., Stansby, G., Wyatt, M., Baker, T., Baldwin, N., Jones, L., Mitchell, D., Munro, E., Thornton, M., Baker, D., Davis, N., Hamilton, G., Mccabe, D., Platts, A., Tibballs, J., Cleveland, T., Dodd, D., Lonsdale, R., Nair, R., Nassef, A., Nawaz, S., Belli, A., Cloud, G., Markus, H., Mcfarland, R., Morgan, R., Pereira, A., Thompson, A., Chataway, J., Cheshire, N., Gibbs, R., Hammady, M., Jenkins, M., Wolfe, J., Adiseshiah, M., Bishop, C., Brew, S., Brookes, J., Jager, R., Kitchen, N., Ashleigh, R., Butterfield, S., Gamble, G. E., Nasim, A., O Neill, P., Edwards, R. D., Lees, K. R., Mackay, A. J., Moss, J., Rogers, P., Developmental Genetics, International Carotid Stenting Study, ACS - Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Neurology, Surgery, Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, and ANS - Amsterdam Neuroscience

Subjects
Male, medicine.medical_specialty, SURGERY, medicine.medical_treatment, Carotid endarterectomy, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Neuroinformatics [DCN 3], 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Risk Factors, Angioplasty, medicine, Humans, Carotid Stenosis, cardiovascular diseases, ANGIOPLASTY, Stroke, Endarterectomy, Aged, Endarterectomy, Carotid, Intention-to-treat analysis, Cardiovascular diseases [NCEBP 14], business.industry, Stent, General Medicine, Interim analysis, medicine.disease, 3. Good health, Surgery, Female, Stents, Human medicine, Carotid stenting, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Angioplasty, Balloon
Abstract

Contains fulltext : 88112.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Closed access) BACKGROUND: Stents are an alternative treatment to carotid endarterectomy for symptomatic carotid stenosis, but previous trials have not established equivalent safety and efficacy. We compared the safety of carotid artery stenting with that of carotid endarterectomy. METHODS: The International Carotid Stenting Study (ICSS) is a multicentre, international, randomised controlled trial with blinded adjudication of outcomes. Patients with recently symptomatic carotid artery stenosis were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to receive carotid artery stenting or carotid endarterectomy. Randomisation was by telephone call or fax to a central computerised service and was stratified by centre with minimisation for sex, age, contralateral occlusion, and side of the randomised artery. Patients and investigators were not masked to treatment assignment. Patients were followed up by independent clinicians not directly involved in delivering the randomised treatment. The primary outcome measure of the trial is the 3-year rate of fatal or disabling stroke in any territory, which has not been analysed yet. The main outcome measure for the interim safety analysis was the 120-day rate of stroke, death, or procedural myocardial infarction. Analysis was by intention to treat (ITT). This study is registered, number ISRCTN25337470. FINDINGS: The trial enrolled 1713 patients (stenting group, n=855; endarterectomy group, n=858). Two patients in the stenting group and one in the endarterectomy group withdrew immediately after randomisation, and were not included in the ITT analysis. Between randomisation and 120 days, there were 34 (Kaplan-Meier estimate 4.0%) events of disabling stroke or death in the stenting group compared with 27 (3.2%) events in the endarterectomy group (hazard ratio [HR] 1.28, 95% CI 0.77-2.11). The incidence of stroke, death, or procedural myocardial infarction was 8.5% in the stenting group compared with 5.2% in the endarterectomy group (72 vs 44 events; HR 1.69, 1.16-2.45, p=0.006). Risks of any stroke (65 vs 35 events; HR 1.92, 1.27-2.89) and all-cause death (19 vs seven events; HR 2.76, 1.16-6.56) were higher in the stenting group than in the endarterectomy group. Three procedural myocardial infarctions were recorded in the stenting group, all of which were fatal, compared with four, all non-fatal, in the endarterectomy group. There was one event of cranial nerve palsy in the stenting group compared with 45 in the endarterectomy group. There were also fewer haematomas of any severity in the stenting group than in the endarterectomy group (31 vs 50 events; p=0.0197). INTERPRETATION: Completion of long-term follow-up is needed to establish the efficacy of carotid artery stenting compared with endarterectomy. In the meantime, carotid endarterectomy should remain the treatment of choice for patients suitable for surgery. FUNDING: Medical Research Council, the Stroke Association, Sanofi-Synthelabo, European Union.

Published
2010
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5. Carotid artery stenting compared with endarterectomy in patients with symptomatic carotid stenosis (International Carotid Stenting Study): an interim analysis of a randomised controlled trial.

Author

Giroux M.-F., Prakash K.G., Serracino-Inglott F., Subramanian G., Symth J.V., Walker M.G., Clarke M., Davis M., Dixit S.A., Dorman P., Dyker A., Ford G., Golkar A., Jackson R., Jayakrishnan V., Lambert D., Lees T., Louw S., Mendelow A.D., Rodgers H., Rose J., Stansby G., Wyatt M., Baker T., Baldwin N., Jones L., Mitchell D., Munro E., Thornton M., Baker D., Davis N., Hamilton G., Platts A., Tibballs J., Beard J., Cleveland T., Dodd D., Gaines P., Lonsdale R., Nair R., Nassef A., Nawaz S., Venables G., Belli A., Clifton A., Cloud G., Halliday A., Markus H., McFarland R., Morgan R., Pereira A., Thompson A., Chataway J., Cheshire N., Gibbs R., Hammady M., Jenkins M., Malik I., Wolfe J., Adiseshiah M., Bishop C., Brew S., Brookes J., Jager R., Kitchen N., Ashleigh R., Butterfield S., Gamble G.E., Nasim A., O'Neill P., Wong J., Edwards R.D., Lees K.R., MacKay A.J., Moss J., Rogers P., Ederle J., Dobson J., Featherstone R.L., Bonati L.H., van der Worp H.B., de Borst G.J., Hauw Lo T., Dorman P.J., Macdonald S., Lyrer P.A., McCollum C., Nederkoorn P.J., Brown M.M., Algra A., Bamford J., Bland M., Hacke W., Mas J.L., McGuire A.J., Sidhu P., Bradbury A., Collins R., Molyneux A., Naylor R., Warlow C., Ferro M., Thomas D., Featherstone R.F., Tindall H., McCabe D., Wallis A., Coward L., Brooks M., Chambers B., Chan A., Chu P., Clark D., Dewey H., Donnan G., Fell G., Hoare M., Molan M., Roberts A., Roberts N., Beiles B., Bladin C., Clifford C., Grigg M., New G., Bell R., Bower S., Chong W., Holt M., Saunder A., Than P.G., Gett S., Leggett D., McGahan T., Quinn J., Ray M., Wong A., Woodruff P., Foreman R., Schultz D., Scroop R., Stanley B., Allard B., Atkinson N., Cambell W., Davies S., Field P., Milne P., Mitchell P., Tress B., Yan B., Beasley A., Dunbabin D., Stary D., Walker S., Cras P., d'Archambeau O., Hendriks J.M.H., Van Schil P., Bosiers M., Deloose K., van Buggenhout E., De Letter J., Devos V., Ghekiere J., Vanhooren G., Astarci P., Hammer F., Lacroix V., Verhelst R., DeJaegher L., Peeters A., Verbist J., Blair J.-F., Caron J.L., Daneault N., Guilbert F., Lanthier S., Lebrun L.-H., Oliva V., Raymond J., Roy D., Soulez G., Weill A., Hill M., Hu W., Hudion M., Morrish W., Sutherland G., Alback A., Harno H., Ijas P., Kaste M., Lepantalo M., Mustanoja S., Paananen T., Porras M., Putaala J., Railo M., Sairanen T., Soinne L., Vehmas A., Vikatmaa P., Goertler M., Halloul Z., Skalej M., Brennan P., Kelly C., Leahy A., Moroney J., Thornton J., Koelemay M.J.W., Reekers J.A.A., Roos Y.B.W.E.M., Hendriks J.M., Koudstaal P.J., Pattynama P.M.T., van der Lugt A., van Dijk L.C., van Sambeek M.R.H.M., van Urk H., Verhagen H.J.M., Bruijninckx C.M.A., de Bruijn S.F., Keunen R., Knippenberg B., Mosch A., Treurniet F., van Dijk L., van Overhagen H., Wever J., de Beer F.C., van den Berg J.S.P., van Hasselt B.A.A.M., Zeilstra D.J., Boiten J., de Mol van Otterloo J.C.A., de Vries A.C., Lycklama a Nijeholt G.J., van der Kallen B.F.W., Blankensteijn J.D., De Leeuw F.E., Schultze Kool L.J., van der Vliet J.A., de Kort G.A.P., Kapelle L.J., Lo T.H., Mali W.P.T.M., Moll F., Verhagen H., Barber P.A., Bourchier R., Hill A., Holden A., Stewart J., Bakke S.J., Krohg-Sorensen K., Skjelland M., Tennoe B., Bialek P., Biejat Z., Czepiel W., Czlonkowska A., Dowzenko A., Jedrzejewska J., Kobayashi A., Lelek M., Polanski J., Kirbis J., Milosevic Z., Zvan B., Blasco J., Chamorro A., Macho J., Obach V., Riambau V., San Roman L., Branera J., Canovas D., Estela J., Gimenez Gaibar A., Perendreu J., Bjorses K., Gottsater A., Ivancev K., Maetzsch T., Sonesson B., Berg B., Delle M., Formgren J., Gillgren P., Kall T.-B., Konrad P., Nyman N., Takolander R., Andersson T., Malmstedt J., Soderman M., Wahlgren C., Wahlgren N., Binaghi S., Hirt L., Michel P., Ruchat P., Engelter S.T., Fluri F., Guerke L., Jacob A.L., Kirsch E., Radue E.-W., Stierli P., Wasner M., Wetzel S., Bonvin C., Kalangos A., Lovblad K., Murith N., Ruefenacht D., Sztajzel R., Higgins N., Kirkpatrick P.J., Martin P., Adam D., Bell J., Bradbury A.W., Crowe P., Gannon M., Henderson M.J., Sandler D., Shinton R.A., Scriven J.M., Wilmink T., D'Souza S., Egun A., Guta R., Punekar S., Seriki D.M., Thomson G., Brennan J.A., Enevoldson T.P., Gilling-Smith G., Gould D.A., Harris P.L., McWilliams R.G., Nasser H.-C., White R., Giroux M.-F., Prakash K.G., Serracino-Inglott F., Subramanian G., Symth J.V., Walker M.G., Clarke M., Davis M., Dixit S.A., Dorman P., Dyker A., Ford G., Golkar A., Jackson R., Jayakrishnan V., Lambert D., Lees T., Louw S., Mendelow A.D., Rodgers H., Rose J., Stansby G., Wyatt M., Baker T., Baldwin N., Jones L., Mitchell D., Munro E., Thornton M., Baker D., Davis N., Hamilton G., Platts A., Tibballs J., Beard J., Cleveland T., Dodd D., Gaines P., Lonsdale R., Nair R., Nassef A., Nawaz S., Venables G., Belli A., Clifton A., Cloud G., Halliday A., Markus H., McFarland R., Morgan R., Pereira A., Thompson A., Chataway J., Cheshire N., Gibbs R., Hammady M., Jenkins M., Malik I., Wolfe J., Adiseshiah M., Bishop C., Brew S., Brookes J., Jager R., Kitchen N., Ashleigh R., Butterfield S., Gamble G.E., Nasim A., O'Neill P., Wong J., Edwards R.D., Lees K.R., MacKay A.J., Moss J., Rogers P., Ederle J., Dobson J., Featherstone R.L., Bonati L.H., van der Worp H.B., de Borst G.J., Hauw Lo T., Dorman P.J., Macdonald S., Lyrer P.A., McCollum C., Nederkoorn P.J., Brown M.M., Algra A., Bamford J., Bland M., Hacke W., Mas J.L., McGuire A.J., Sidhu P., Bradbury A., Collins R., Molyneux A., Naylor R., Warlow C., Ferro M., Thomas D., Featherstone R.F., Tindall H., McCabe D., Wallis A., Coward L., Brooks M., Chambers B., Chan A., Chu P., Clark D., Dewey H., Donnan G., Fell G., Hoare M., Molan M., Roberts A., Roberts N., Beiles B., Bladin C., Clifford C., Grigg M., New G., Bell R., Bower S., Chong W., Holt M., Saunder A., Than P.G., Gett S., Leggett D., McGahan T., Quinn J., Ray M., Wong A., Woodruff P., Foreman R., Schultz D., Scroop R., Stanley B., Allard B., Atkinson N., Cambell W., Davies S., Field P., Milne P., Mitchell P., Tress B., Yan B., Beasley A., Dunbabin D., Stary D., Walker S., Cras P., d'Archambeau O., Hendriks J.M.H., Van Schil P., Bosiers M., Deloose K., van Buggenhout E., De Letter J., Devos V., Ghekiere J., Vanhooren G., Astarci P., Hammer F., Lacroix V., Verhelst R., DeJaegher L., Peeters A., Verbist J., Blair J.-F., Caron J.L., Daneault N., Guilbert F., Lanthier S., Lebrun L.-H., Oliva V., Raymond J., Roy D., Soulez G., Weill A., Hill M., Hu W., Hudion M., Morrish W., Sutherland G., Alback A., Harno H., Ijas P., Kaste M., Lepantalo M., Mustanoja S., Paananen T., Porras M., Putaala J., Railo M., Sairanen T., Soinne L., Vehmas A., Vikatmaa P., Goertler M., Halloul Z., Skalej M., Brennan P., Kelly C., Leahy A., Moroney J., Thornton J., Koelemay M.J.W., Reekers J.A.A., Roos Y.B.W.E.M., Hendriks J.M., Koudstaal P.J., Pattynama P.M.T., van der Lugt A., van Dijk L.C., van Sambeek M.R.H.M., van Urk H., Verhagen H.J.M., Bruijninckx C.M.A., de Bruijn S.F., Keunen R., Knippenberg B., Mosch A., Treurniet F., van Dijk L., van Overhagen H., Wever J., de Beer F.C., van den Berg J.S.P., van Hasselt B.A.A.M., Zeilstra D.J., Boiten J., de Mol van Otterloo J.C.A., de Vries A.C., Lycklama a Nijeholt G.J., van der Kallen B.F.W., Blankensteijn J.D., De Leeuw F.E., Schultze Kool L.J., van der Vliet J.A., de Kort G.A.P., Kapelle L.J., Lo T.H., Mali W.P.T.M., Moll F., Verhagen H., Barber P.A., Bourchier R., Hill A., Holden A., Stewart J., Bakke S.J., Krohg-Sorensen K., Skjelland M., Tennoe B., Bialek P., Biejat Z., Czepiel W., Czlonkowska A., Dowzenko A., Jedrzejewska J., Kobayashi A., Lelek M., Polanski J., Kirbis J., Milosevic Z., Zvan B., Blasco J., Chamorro A., Macho J., Obach V., Riambau V., San Roman L., Branera J., Canovas D., Estela J., Gimenez Gaibar A., Perendreu J., Bjorses K., Gottsater A., Ivancev K., Maetzsch T., Sonesson B., Berg B., Delle M., Formgren J., Gillgren P., Kall T.-B., Konrad P., Nyman N., Takolander R., Andersson T., Malmstedt J., Soderman M., Wahlgren C., Wahlgren N., Binaghi S., Hirt L., Michel P., Ruchat P., Engelter S.T., Fluri F., Guerke L., Jacob A.L., Kirsch E., Radue E.-W., Stierli P., Wasner M., Wetzel S., Bonvin C., Kalangos A., Lovblad K., Murith N., Ruefenacht D., Sztajzel R., Higgins N., Kirkpatrick P.J., Martin P., Adam D., Bell J., Bradbury A.W., Crowe P., Gannon M., Henderson M.J., Sandler D., Shinton R.A., Scriven J.M., Wilmink T., D'Souza S., Egun A., Guta R., Punekar S., Seriki D.M., Thomson G., Brennan J.A., Enevoldson T.P., Gilling-Smith G., Gould D.A., Harris P.L., McWilliams R.G., Nasser H.-C., and White R.

Abstract

Background: Stents are an alternative treatment to carotid endarterectomy for symptomatic carotid stenosis, but previous trials have not established equivalent safety and efficacy. We compared the safety of carotid artery stenting with that of carotid endarterectomy. Method(s): The International Carotid Stenting Study (ICSS) is a multicentre, international, randomised controlled trial with blinded adjudication of outcomes. Patients with recently symptomatic carotid artery stenosis were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to receive carotid artery stenting or carotid endarterectomy. Randomisation was by telephone call or fax to a central computerised service and was stratified by centre with minimisation for sex, age, contralateral occlusion, and side of the randomised artery. Patients and investigators were not masked to treatment assignment. Patients were followed up by independent clinicians not directly involved in delivering the randomised treatment. The primary outcome measure of the trial is the 3-year rate of fatal or disabling stroke in any territory, which has not been analysed yet. The main outcome measure for the interim safety analysis was the 120-day rate of stroke, death, or procedural myocardial infarction. Analysis was by intention to treat (ITT). This study is registered, number ISRCTN25337470. Finding(s): The trial enrolled 1713 patients (stenting group, n=855; endarterectomy group, n=858). Two patients in the stenting group and one in the endarterectomy group withdrew immediately after randomisation, and were not included in the ITT analysis. Between randomisation and 120 days, there were 34 (Kaplan-Meier estimate 4.0%) events of disabling stroke or death in the stenting group compared with 27 (3.2%) events in the endarterectomy group (hazard ratio [HR] 1.28, 95% CI 0.77-2.11). The incidence of stroke, death, or procedural myocardial infarction was 8.5% in the stenting group compared with 5.2% in the endarterectomy group (72 vs 44 events; HR 1.69, 1.

Published
2010

6. Carotid artery stenting compared with endarterectomy in patients with symptomatic carotid stenosis (International Carotid Stenting Study): an interim analysis of a randomised controlled trial

Author

Ederle, Jörg, Dobson, Joanna, Featherstone, Roland L., Bonati, Leo H., van der Worp, H. Bart, de Borst, Gert J., Hauw Lo, T., Gaines, Peter, Dorman, Paul J., Macdonald, Sumaira, Lyrer, Philippe A., Hendriks, Johanna M., McCollum, Charles, Nederkoorn, Paul J., Brown, Martin M., Algra, A., Bamford, J., Bland, M., Hacke, W., Mas, J.L., McGuire, A.J., Sidhu, P., Bradbury, A., Collins, R., Molyneux, A., Naylor, R., Warlow, C., Ferro, M., Thomas, D., Featherstone, R.F., Tindall, H., McCabe, D.J.H., Wallis, A., Coward, L., Brooks, M., Chambers, B., Chan, A., Chu, P., Clark, D., Dewey, H., Donnan, G., Fell, G., Hoare, M., Molan, M., Roberts, A., Roberts, N., Beiles, B., Bladin, C., Clifford, C., Grigg, M., New, G., Bell, R., Bower, S., Chong, W., Holt, M., Saunder, A., Than, P.G., Gett, S., Leggett, D., McGahan, T., Quinn, J., Ray, M., Wong, A., Woodruff, P., Foreman, R., Schultz, D., Scroop, R., Stanley, B., Allard, B., Atkinson, N., Cambell, W., Davies, S., Field, P., Milne, P., Mitchell, P., Tress, B., Yan, B., Beasley, A., Dunbabin, D., Stary, D., Walker, S., Cras, P., d'Archambeau, O., Hendriks, J.M.H., Van Schil, P., Bosiers, M., Deloose, K., van Buggenhout, E., De Letter, J., Devos, V., Ghekiere, J., Vanhooren, G., Astarci, P., Hammer, F., Lacroix, V., Peeters, A., Verhelst, R., DeJaegher, L., Verbist, J., Blair, J.-F., Caron, J.L., Daneault, N., Giroux, M.-F., Guilbert, F., Lanthier, S., Lebrun, L.-H., Oliva, V., Raymond, J., Roy, D., Soulez, G., Weill, A., Hill, M., Hu, W., Hudion, M., Morrish, W., Sutherland, G., Wong, J., Albäck, A., Harno, H., Ijäs, P., Kaste, M., Lepäntalo, M., Mustanoja, S., Paananen, T., Porras, M., Putaala, J., Railo, M., Sairanen, T., Soinne, L., Vehmas, A., Vikatmaa, P., Goertler, M., Halloul, Z., Skalej, M., Brennan, P., Kelly, C., Leahy, A., Moroney, J., Thornton, J., Koelemay, M.J.W., Reekers, J.A.A., Roos, Y.B.W.E.M., Hendriks, J.M., Koudstaal, P.J., Pattynama, P.M.T., van der Lugt, A., van Dijk, L.C., van Sambeek, M.R.H.M., van Urk, H., Verhagen, H.J.M., Bruijninckx, C.M.A., de Bruijn, S.F., Keunen, R., Knippenberg, B., Mosch, A., Treurniet, F., van Dijk, L., van Overhagen, H., Wever, J., de Beer, F.C., van den Berg, J.S.P., van Hasselt, B.A.A.M., Zeilstra, D.J., Boiten, J., de Mol van Otterloo, J.C.A., de Vries, A.C., Lycklama a Nijeholt, G.J., van der Kallen, B.F.W., Blankensteijn, J.D., De Leeuw, F.E., Schultze Kool, L.J., van der Vliet, J.A., de Kort, G.A.P., Kapelle, L.J., Lo, T.H., Mali, W.P.T.M., Moll, F., Verhagen, H., Barber, P.A., Bourchier, R., Hill, A., Holden, A., Stewart, J., Bakke, S.J., Krohg-Sørensen, K., Skjelland, M., Tennøe, B., Bialek, P., Biejat, Z., Czepiel, W., Czlonkowska, A., Dowzenko, A., Jedrzejewska, J., Kobayashi, A., Lelek, M., Polanski, J., Kirbis, J., Milosevic, Z., Zvan, B., Blasco, J., Chamorro, A., Macho, J., Obach, V., Riambau, V., San Roman, L., Branera, J., Canovas, D., Estela, Jordi, Gimenez Gaibar, A., Perendreu, J., Björses, K., Gottsater, A., Ivancev, K., Maetzsch, T., Sonesson, B., Berg, B., Delle, M., Formgren, J., Gillgren, P., Kall, T.-B., Konrad, P., Nyman, N., Takolander, R., Andersson, T., Malmstedt, J., Soderman, M., Wahlgren, C., Wahlgren, N., Binaghi, S., Hirt, L., Michel, P., Ruchat, P., Engelter, S.T., Fluri, F., Guerke, L., Jacob, A.L., Kirsch, E., Radue, E.-W., Stierli, P., Wasner, M., Wetzel, S., Bonvin, C., Kalangos, A., Lovblad, K., Murith, N., Ruefenacht, D., Sztajzel, R., Higgins, N., Kirkpatrick, P.J., Martin, P., Adam, D., Bell, J., Bradbury, A.W., Crowe, P., Gannon, M., Henderson, M.J., Sandler, D., Shinton, R.A., Scriven, J.M., Wilmink, T., D'Souza, S., Egun, A., Guta, R., Punekar, S., Seriki, D.M., Thomson, G., Brennan, J.A., Enevoldson, T.P., Gilling-Smith, G., Gould, D.A., Harris, P.L., McWilliams, R.G., Nasser, H.-C., White, R., Prakash, K.G., Serracino-Inglott, F., Subramanian, G., Symth, J.V., Walker, M.G., Clarke, M., Davis, M., Dixit, S.A., Dorman, P., Dyker, A., Ford, G., Golkar, A., Jackson, R., Jayakrishnan, V., Lambert, D., Lees, T., Louw, S., Mendelow, A.D., Rodgers, H., Rose, J., Stansby, G., Wyatt, M., Baker, T., Baldwin, N., Jones, L., Mitchell, D., Munro, E., Thornton, M., Baker, D., Davis, N., Hamilton, G., McCabe, D., Platts, A., Tibballs, J., Beard, J., Cleveland, T., Dodd, D., Gaines, P., Lonsdale, R., Nair, R., Nassef, A., Nawaz, S., Venables, G., Belli, A., Clifton, A., Cloud, G., Halliday, A., Markus, H., McFarland, R., Morgan, R., Pereira, A., Thompson, A., Chataway, J., Cheshire, N., Gibbs, R., Hammady, M., Jenkins, M., Malik, I., Wolfe, J., Adiseshiah, M., Bishop, C., Brew, S., Brookes, J., Jäger, R., Kitchen, N., Ashleigh, R., Butterfield, S., Gamble, G.E., Nasim, A., O'Neill, P., Edwards, R.D., Lees, K.R., MacKay, A.J., Moss, J., Rogers, P., Ederle, Jörg, Dobson, Joanna, Featherstone, Roland L., Bonati, Leo H., van der Worp, H. Bart, de Borst, Gert J., Hauw Lo, T., Gaines, Peter, Dorman, Paul J., Macdonald, Sumaira, Lyrer, Philippe A., Hendriks, Johanna M., McCollum, Charles, Nederkoorn, Paul J., Brown, Martin M., Algra, A., Bamford, J., Bland, M., Hacke, W., Mas, J.L., McGuire, A.J., Sidhu, P., Bradbury, A., Collins, R., Molyneux, A., Naylor, R., Warlow, C., Ferro, M., Thomas, D., Featherstone, R.F., Tindall, H., McCabe, D.J.H., Wallis, A., Coward, L., Brooks, M., Chambers, B., Chan, A., Chu, P., Clark, D., Dewey, H., Donnan, G., Fell, G., Hoare, M., Molan, M., Roberts, A., Roberts, N., Beiles, B., Bladin, C., Clifford, C., Grigg, M., New, G., Bell, R., Bower, S., Chong, W., Holt, M., Saunder, A., Than, P.G., Gett, S., Leggett, D., McGahan, T., Quinn, J., Ray, M., Wong, A., Woodruff, P., Foreman, R., Schultz, D., Scroop, R., Stanley, B., Allard, B., Atkinson, N., Cambell, W., Davies, S., Field, P., Milne, P., Mitchell, P., Tress, B., Yan, B., Beasley, A., Dunbabin, D., Stary, D., Walker, S., Cras, P., d'Archambeau, O., Hendriks, J.M.H., Van Schil, P., Bosiers, M., Deloose, K., van Buggenhout, E., De Letter, J., Devos, V., Ghekiere, J., Vanhooren, G., Astarci, P., Hammer, F., Lacroix, V., Peeters, A., Verhelst, R., DeJaegher, L., Verbist, J., Blair, J.-F., Caron, J.L., Daneault, N., Giroux, M.-F., Guilbert, F., Lanthier, S., Lebrun, L.-H., Oliva, V., Raymond, J., Roy, D., Soulez, G., Weill, A., Hill, M., Hu, W., Hudion, M., Morrish, W., Sutherland, G., Wong, J., Albäck, A., Harno, H., Ijäs, P., Kaste, M., Lepäntalo, M., Mustanoja, S., Paananen, T., Porras, M., Putaala, J., Railo, M., Sairanen, T., Soinne, L., Vehmas, A., Vikatmaa, P., Goertler, M., Halloul, Z., Skalej, M., Brennan, P., Kelly, C., Leahy, A., Moroney, J., Thornton, J., Koelemay, M.J.W., Reekers, J.A.A., Roos, Y.B.W.E.M., Hendriks, J.M., Koudstaal, P.J., Pattynama, P.M.T., van der Lugt, A., van Dijk, L.C., van Sambeek, M.R.H.M., van Urk, H., Verhagen, H.J.M., Bruijninckx, C.M.A., de Bruijn, S.F., Keunen, R., Knippenberg, B., Mosch, A., Treurniet, F., van Dijk, L., van Overhagen, H., Wever, J., de Beer, F.C., van den Berg, J.S.P., van Hasselt, B.A.A.M., Zeilstra, D.J., Boiten, J., de Mol van Otterloo, J.C.A., de Vries, A.C., Lycklama a Nijeholt, G.J., van der Kallen, B.F.W., Blankensteijn, J.D., De Leeuw, F.E., Schultze Kool, L.J., van der Vliet, J.A., de Kort, G.A.P., Kapelle, L.J., Lo, T.H., Mali, W.P.T.M., Moll, F., Verhagen, H., Barber, P.A., Bourchier, R., Hill, A., Holden, A., Stewart, J., Bakke, S.J., Krohg-Sørensen, K., Skjelland, M., Tennøe, B., Bialek, P., Biejat, Z., Czepiel, W., Czlonkowska, A., Dowzenko, A., Jedrzejewska, J., Kobayashi, A., Lelek, M., Polanski, J., Kirbis, J., Milosevic, Z., Zvan, B., Blasco, J., Chamorro, A., Macho, J., Obach, V., Riambau, V., San Roman, L., Branera, J., Canovas, D., Estela, Jordi, Gimenez Gaibar, A., Perendreu, J., Björses, K., Gottsater, A., Ivancev, K., Maetzsch, T., Sonesson, B., Berg, B., Delle, M., Formgren, J., Gillgren, P., Kall, T.-B., Konrad, P., Nyman, N., Takolander, R., Andersson, T., Malmstedt, J., Soderman, M., Wahlgren, C., Wahlgren, N., Binaghi, S., Hirt, L., Michel, P., Ruchat, P., Engelter, S.T., Fluri, F., Guerke, L., Jacob, A.L., Kirsch, E., Radue, E.-W., Stierli, P., Wasner, M., Wetzel, S., Bonvin, C., Kalangos, A., Lovblad, K., Murith, N., Ruefenacht, D., Sztajzel, R., Higgins, N., Kirkpatrick, P.J., Martin, P., Adam, D., Bell, J., Bradbury, A.W., Crowe, P., Gannon, M., Henderson, M.J., Sandler, D., Shinton, R.A., Scriven, J.M., Wilmink, T., D'Souza, S., Egun, A., Guta, R., Punekar, S., Seriki, D.M., Thomson, G., Brennan, J.A., Enevoldson, T.P., Gilling-Smith, G., Gould, D.A., Harris, P.L., McWilliams, R.G., Nasser, H.-C., White, R., Prakash, K.G., Serracino-Inglott, F., Subramanian, G., Symth, J.V., Walker, M.G., Clarke, M., Davis, M., Dixit, S.A., Dorman, P., Dyker, A., Ford, G., Golkar, A., Jackson, R., Jayakrishnan, V., Lambert, D., Lees, T., Louw, S., Mendelow, A.D., Rodgers, H., Rose, J., Stansby, G., Wyatt, M., Baker, T., Baldwin, N., Jones, L., Mitchell, D., Munro, E., Thornton, M., Baker, D., Davis, N., Hamilton, G., McCabe, D., Platts, A., Tibballs, J., Beard, J., Cleveland, T., Dodd, D., Gaines, P., Lonsdale, R., Nair, R., Nassef, A., Nawaz, S., Venables, G., Belli, A., Clifton, A., Cloud, G., Halliday, A., Markus, H., McFarland, R., Morgan, R., Pereira, A., Thompson, A., Chataway, J., Cheshire, N., Gibbs, R., Hammady, M., Jenkins, M., Malik, I., Wolfe, J., Adiseshiah, M., Bishop, C., Brew, S., Brookes, J., Jäger, R., Kitchen, N., Ashleigh, R., Butterfield, S., Gamble, G.E., Nasim, A., O'Neill, P., Edwards, R.D., Lees, K.R., MacKay, A.J., Moss, J., and Rogers, P.

Abstract

Background: Stents are an alternative treatment to carotid endarterectomy for symptomatic carotid stenosis, but previous trials have not established equivalent safety and efficacy. We compared the safety of carotid artery stenting with that of carotid endarterectomy. Methods: The International Carotid Stenting Study (ICSS) is a multicentre, international, randomised controlled trial with blinded adjudication of outcomes. Patients with recently symptomatic carotid artery stenosis were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to receive carotid artery stenting or carotid endarterectomy. Randomisation was by telephone call or fax to a central computerised service and was stratified by centre with minimisation for sex, age, contralateral occlusion, and side of the randomised artery. Patients and investigators were not masked to treatment assignment. Patients were followed up by independent clinicians not directly involved in delivering the randomised treatment. The primary outcome measure of the trial is the 3-year rate of fatal or disabling stroke in any territory, which has not been analysed yet. The main outcome measure for the interim safety analysis was the 120-day rate of stroke, death, or procedural myocardial infarction. Analysis was by intention to treat (ITT). This study is registered, number ISRCTN25337470. Findings: The trial enrolled 1713 patients (stenting group, n=855; endarterectomy group, n=858). Two patients in the stenting group and one in the endarterectomy group withdrew immediately after randomisation, and were not included in the ITT analysis. Between randomisation and 120 days, there were 34 (Kaplan-Meier estimate 4·0%) events of disabling stroke or death in the stenting group compared with 27 (3·2%) events in the endarterectomy group (hazard ratio [HR] 1·28, 95% CI 0·77-2·11). The incidence of stroke, death, or procedural myocardial infarction was 8·5% in the stenting group compared with 5·2% in the endarterectomy group (72 vs 44 events; HR 1·69, 1·16-2

Published
2010

7. Alternatives to total splenectomy: two case reports

Author

Cambell W. McMillan, Anthony P. Shaw, John T. Benjamin, and Diane M. Komp

Subjects
Male, medicine.medical_specialty, medicine.medical_treatment, Splenectomy, Sepsis, High morbidity, medicine, Total splenectomy, Humans, Radionuclide Imaging, Splenic Diseases, business.industry, High mortality, Osteopetrosis, General Medicine, Bacterial Infections, medicine.disease, Surgery, Splenic Tissue, Child, Preschool, Replantation, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, business, Spleen
Abstract

Postsplenectomy sepsis is a serious problem with high morbidity and high mortality. Surgical alternatives to total splenectomy are being sought. This paper describes two cases where, after splenectomy, some splenic tissue was either reimplanted or was left in situ and remains functional.

Published
1978

8. Carotid artery stenting compared with endarterectomy in patients with symptomatic carotid stenosis (International Carotid Stenting Study): an interim analysis of a randomised controlled trial

Author

Ederle, J, Dobson, J, Featherstone, RL, Bonati, LH, van der Worp, HB, de Borst, GJ, Lo, TH, Gaines, P, Dorman, PJ, Macdonald, S, Lyrer, PA, Hendriks, JM, McCollum, C, Nederkoorn, PJ, Brown, MM, Algra, A, Bamford, J, Beard, J, Bland, M, Bradbury, AW, Clifton, A, Hacke, W, Halliday, A, Malik, I, Mas, JL, McGuire, AJ, Sidhu, P, Venables, G, Bradbury, A, Collins, R, Molynewc, A, Naylor, R, Warlow, C, Ferro, JM, Thomas, D, Coward, L, Featherstone, RF, Tindall, H, McCabe, DJH, Wallis, A, Brooks, M, Chambers, B, Chan, A, Chu, P, Clark, D, Dewey, H, Donnan, G, Fell, G, Hoare, M, Molan, M, Roberts, A, Roberts, N, Beiles, B, Bladin, C, Clifford, C, Grigg, M, New, G, Bell, R, Bower, S, Chong, W, Holt, M, Saunder, A, Than, PG, Gett, S, Leggett, D, McGahan, T, Quinn, J, Ray, M, Wong, A, Woodruff, P, Foreman, R, Schultz, D, Scroop, R, Stanley, B, Allard, B, Atkinson, N, Cambell, W, Davies, S, Field, P, Milne, P, Mitchell, P, Tress, B, Yan, B, Beasley, A, Dunbabin, D, Stary, D, Walker, S, Cras, P, d'Archambeau, O, Hendriks, JMH, Van Schil, P, Bosiers, M, Deloose, K, van Buggenhout, E, De Letter, J, Devos, V, Ghekiere, J, Vanhooren, G, Astarci, P, Hammer, F, Lacroix, V, Peeters, A, Verhelst, R, DeJaegher, L, Verbist, J, Blair, J-F, Caron, JL, Daneault, N, Giroux, M-F, Guilbert, F, Lanthier, S, Lebrun, L-H, Oliva, V, Raymond, J, Roy, D, Soulez, G, Weill, A, Hill, M, Hu, W, Hudion, M, Morrish, W, Sutherland, G, Wong, J, Alback, A, Harno, H, Ijas, P, Kaste, M, Lepantalo, M, Mustanoja, S, Paananen, T, Porras, M, Putaala, J, Railo, M, Sairanen, T, Soinne, L, Vehmas, A, Vikatmaa, P, Goertler, M, Halloul, Z, Skalej, M, Brennan, P, Kelly, C, Leahy, A, Moroney, J, Thornton, J, Koelemay, MJW, Reekers, JAA, Roos, YBWEM, Koudstaal, PJ, Pattynama, PMT, van der Lugt, A, van Dijk, LC, van Sambeek, MRHM, van Urk, H, Verhagen, HJM, Bruininckx, CMA, de Bruijn, SF, Keunen, R, Knippenberg, B, Mosch, A, Treurniet, F, van Dijk, L, van Overhagen, H, Wever, J, de Beer, FC, van den Berg, JSP, van Hasselt, BAAM, Zeilstra, DJ, Boiten, J, van Otterloo, JCADM, de Vries, AC, Nieholt, GJLA, van der Kallen, BFW, Blankensteijn, JD, De Leeuw, FE, Kool, LJS, van der Vliet, JA, de Kort, GAP, Kapelle, LJ, Mali, WPTM, Moll, F, Verhagen, H, Barber, PA, Bourchier, R, Hill, A, Holden, A, Stewart, J, Bakke, SJ, Krohg-Sorensen, K, Skjelland, M, Tennoe, B, Bialek, P, Biejat, Z, Czepiel, W, Czlonkowska, A, Dowzenko, A, Jedrzejewska, J, Kobayashi, A, Lelek, M, Polanski, J, Kirbis, J, Milosevic, Z, Zvan, B, Blasco, J, Chamorro, A, Macho, J, Obach, V, Riambau, V, San Roman, L, Branera, J, Canovas, D, Estela, J, Gimenez Gaibar, A, Perendreu, J, Bjorses, K, Gottsater, A, Ivancev, K, Maetzsch, T, Sonesson, B, Berg, B, Delle, M, Formgren, J, Gillgren, P, Kall, T-B, Konrad, P, Nyman, N, Takolander, R, Andersson, T, Malmstedt, J, Soderman, M, Wahlgren, C, Wahlgren, N, Binaghi, S, Hirt, L, Michel, P, Ruchat, P, Engelter, ST, Fluri, F, Guerke, L, Jacob, AL, Kirsch, E, Radue, E-W, Stierli, P, Wasner, M, Wetzel, S, Bonvin, C, Kalangos, A, Lovblad, K, Murith, N, Ruefenacht, D, Sztajzel, R, Higgins, N, Kirkpatrick, PJ, Martin, P, Adam, D, Bell, J, Crowe, P, Gannon, M, Henderson, MJ, Sandler, D, Shinton, RA, Scriven, JM, Wilmink, T, D'Souza, S, Egun, A, Guta, R, Punekar, S, Seriki, DM, Thomson, G, Brennan, A, Enevoldson, TP, Gilling-Smith, G, Gould, DA, Harris, PL, McWilliams, RG, Nasser, H-C, White, R, Prakash, KG, Serracino-Inglott, F, Subramanian, G, Symth, JV, Walker, MG, Clarke, M, Davis, M, Dixit, SA, Dolman, P, Dyker, A, Ford, G, Golkar, A, Jackson, R, Jayakrishnan, V, Lambert, D, Lees, T, Louw, S, Mendelow, AD, Rodgers, H, Rose, J, Stansby, G, Wyatt, M, Baker, T, Baldwin, N, Jones, L, Mitchell, D, Munro, E, Thornton, M, Baker, D, Davis, N, Hamilton, G, McCabe, D, Platts, A, Tibballs, J, Cleveland, T, Dodd, D, Lonsdale, R, Nair, R, Nassef, A, Nawaz, S, Belli, A, Cloud, G, Markus, H, McFarland, R, Morgan, R, Pereira, A, Thompson, A, Chataway, J, Cheshire, N, Gibbs, R, Hammady, M, Jenkins, M, Wolfe, J, Adiseshiah, M, Bishop, C, Brew, S, Brookes, J, Jaeger, R, Kitchen, N, Ashleigh, R, Butterfield, S, Gamble, GE, Nasim, A, O'Neill, P, Edwards, RD, Lees, KR, MacKay, AJ, Moss, J, Rogers, P, Ederle, J, Dobson, J, Featherstone, RL, Bonati, LH, van der Worp, HB, de Borst, GJ, Lo, TH, Gaines, P, Dorman, PJ, Macdonald, S, Lyrer, PA, Hendriks, JM, McCollum, C, Nederkoorn, PJ, Brown, MM, Algra, A, Bamford, J, Beard, J, Bland, M, Bradbury, AW, Clifton, A, Hacke, W, Halliday, A, Malik, I, Mas, JL, McGuire, AJ, Sidhu, P, Venables, G, Bradbury, A, Collins, R, Molynewc, A, Naylor, R, Warlow, C, Ferro, JM, Thomas, D, Coward, L, Featherstone, RF, Tindall, H, McCabe, DJH, Wallis, A, Brooks, M, Chambers, B, Chan, A, Chu, P, Clark, D, Dewey, H, Donnan, G, Fell, G, Hoare, M, Molan, M, Roberts, A, Roberts, N, Beiles, B, Bladin, C, Clifford, C, Grigg, M, New, G, Bell, R, Bower, S, Chong, W, Holt, M, Saunder, A, Than, PG, Gett, S, Leggett, D, McGahan, T, Quinn, J, Ray, M, Wong, A, Woodruff, P, Foreman, R, Schultz, D, Scroop, R, Stanley, B, Allard, B, Atkinson, N, Cambell, W, Davies, S, Field, P, Milne, P, Mitchell, P, Tress, B, Yan, B, Beasley, A, Dunbabin, D, Stary, D, Walker, S, Cras, P, d'Archambeau, O, Hendriks, JMH, Van Schil, P, Bosiers, M, Deloose, K, van Buggenhout, E, De Letter, J, Devos, V, Ghekiere, J, Vanhooren, G, Astarci, P, Hammer, F, Lacroix, V, Peeters, A, Verhelst, R, DeJaegher, L, Verbist, J, Blair, J-F, Caron, JL, Daneault, N, Giroux, M-F, Guilbert, F, Lanthier, S, Lebrun, L-H, Oliva, V, Raymond, J, Roy, D, Soulez, G, Weill, A, Hill, M, Hu, W, Hudion, M, Morrish, W, Sutherland, G, Wong, J, Alback, A, Harno, H, Ijas, P, Kaste, M, Lepantalo, M, Mustanoja, S, Paananen, T, Porras, M, Putaala, J, Railo, M, Sairanen, T, Soinne, L, Vehmas, A, Vikatmaa, P, Goertler, M, Halloul, Z, Skalej, M, Brennan, P, Kelly, C, Leahy, A, Moroney, J, Thornton, J, Koelemay, MJW, Reekers, JAA, Roos, YBWEM, Koudstaal, PJ, Pattynama, PMT, van der Lugt, A, van Dijk, LC, van Sambeek, MRHM, van Urk, H, Verhagen, HJM, Bruininckx, CMA, de Bruijn, SF, Keunen, R, Knippenberg, B, Mosch, A, Treurniet, F, van Dijk, L, van Overhagen, H, Wever, J, de Beer, FC, van den Berg, JSP, van Hasselt, BAAM, Zeilstra, DJ, Boiten, J, van Otterloo, JCADM, de Vries, AC, Nieholt, GJLA, van der Kallen, BFW, Blankensteijn, JD, De Leeuw, FE, Kool, LJS, van der Vliet, JA, de Kort, GAP, Kapelle, LJ, Mali, WPTM, Moll, F, Verhagen, H, Barber, PA, Bourchier, R, Hill, A, Holden, A, Stewart, J, Bakke, SJ, Krohg-Sorensen, K, Skjelland, M, Tennoe, B, Bialek, P, Biejat, Z, Czepiel, W, Czlonkowska, A, Dowzenko, A, Jedrzejewska, J, Kobayashi, A, Lelek, M, Polanski, J, Kirbis, J, Milosevic, Z, Zvan, B, Blasco, J, Chamorro, A, Macho, J, Obach, V, Riambau, V, San Roman, L, Branera, J, Canovas, D, Estela, J, Gimenez Gaibar, A, Perendreu, J, Bjorses, K, Gottsater, A, Ivancev, K, Maetzsch, T, Sonesson, B, Berg, B, Delle, M, Formgren, J, Gillgren, P, Kall, T-B, Konrad, P, Nyman, N, Takolander, R, 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Abstract

Background Stents are an alternative treatment to carotid endarterectomy for symptomatic carotid stenosis, but previous trials have not established equivalent safety and efficacy. We compared the safety of carotid artery stenting with that of carotid endarterectomy.Methods The International Carotid Stenting Study (ICSS) is a multicentre, international, randomised controlled trial with blinded adjudication of outcomes. Patients with recently symptomatic carotid artery stenosis were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to receive carotid artery stenting or carotid endarterectomy. Randomisation was by telephone call or fax to a central computerised service and was stratified by centre with minimisation for sex, age, contralateral occlusion, and side of the randomised artery. Patients and investigators were not masked to treatment assignment. Patients were followed up by independent clinicians not directly involved in delivering the randomised treatment. The primary outcome measure of the trial is the 3-year rate of fatal or disabling stroke in any territory, which has not been analysed yet. The main outcome measure for the interim safety analysis was the 120-day rate of stroke, death, or procedural myocardial infarction. Analysis was by intention to treat (ITT). This study is registered, number ISRCTN25337470.Findings The trial enrolled 1713 patients (stenting group, n=855; endarterectomy group, n=858). Two patients in the stenting group and one in the endarterectomy group withdrew immediately after randomisation, and were not included in the ITT analysis. Between randomisation and 120 days, there were 34 (Kaplan-Meier estimate 4.0%) events of disabling stroke or death in the stenting group compared with 27 (3.2%) events in the endarterectomy group (hazard ratio [HR] 1.28, 95% CI 0.77-2.11). The incidence of stroke, death, or procedural myocardial infarction was 8.5% in the stenting group compared with 5.2% in the endarterectomy group (72 vs 44 events; HR 1.69, 1.16-2.45

13. The development and structure of thick-walled, multicellular, aerial spores in Diheterospora chlamydosporia (=Verticillium chlamydosporium).

Author

Cambell WP and Griffiths DA

Subjects
Cell Membrane ultrastructure, Cell Wall ultrastructure, Cytoplasmic Granules ultrastructure, Glycogen, Microscopy, Electron, Microscopy, Electron, Scanning, Microscopy, Interference, Mitosporic Fungi ultrastructure, Soil Microbiology, Spores, Fungal growth & development, Spores, Fungal ultrastructure, Vacuoles ultrastructure, Mitosporic Fungi growth & development
Abstract

The aerial, thick-walled spores in Diheterospara chlamydosporia arose as terminal swellings on erect hyphae. Repeated septation of the continuously swelling spore resulted in a multicellular structure. Immediately after the onset of septation secondary wall material was laid down between the two-layered primary wall and the plasmalemma. The presence of secondary wall material indicates that the multicellular spore is a dictyochlamydospore and not an aleuriospore. The relationship between chlamydospores and aleuriospores in other fungi is discussed.

Published
1975
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