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A list of the type specimens of helminth endoparasites in the Museum Zoologicum Bogoriense (MZB), Indonesia, is presented. There are types of 93 helminth endoparasite species consisting of 63 species of nematodes, 22 species of cestodes, and 8 species of trematodes that have been deposited in MZB. Altogether, there are currently 211 deposited numbers of type-specimens at MZB, which contain 817 specimens wet preserved and 85 specimens mounted. The list has now been added to the scientific publication record and museum catalog.

Camallanus senaruensis Purwaningsih, Dewi & Nugroho, 2016. Journal of Coastal Life Medicine, 4(9), 708– 713; Figs. 1A–1F, 2N–2P (Purwaningsih et al., 2016). MZBNa 713 (Holo. 1♂, Allo. 1♀), MZBNa 714 (Para. 1♂, 2♀). Type locality: Senaru, Bayan, South Lombok, Nusa Tenggara Barat Povince, Indonesia; type host: Fejervarya cancrivora (intestine)., Published as part of Animalesto, Gloria, Dewi, Kartika & Apriyanti, Yuni, 2022, The helminth endoparasite type specimens of the Museum Zoologicum Bogoriense Indonesia, pp. 281-293 in Zootaxa 5159 (2) on page 283, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5159.2.6, http://zenodo.org/record/6777258, {"references":["Purwaningsih, E., Dewi, K., & Nugroho, H. A. (2016) Parasitic nematodes of amphibians from Lombok Island, Indonesia with description of Camallanus senaruensis s p. nov. and Meteterakis lombokensis sp. nov. Journal of Coastal Life Medicine, 4 (9), 708 - 713. https: // doi. org / 10.12980 / jclm. 4.2016 J 6 - 181"]}

Helminthological examination of viscera of six freshwater fish species, collected from Misión la Paz, Pilcomayo River, Province of Salta, Argentina, revealed the presence of five species of parasitic nematodes belonging to the Camallanidae, Cystidicolidae, Cucullanidae and Anisakidae The material also contained one unknown species, Procamallanus (Spirocamallanus) tomsici sp. nov. collected from Pimelodus albicans, Pygocentrus nattereri and Hoplias misionera. This species is distinguished from its congeners all over de world by possessing six pores distinctly surrounding the mouth aperture, a buccal capsule with 3–4 spiral thickenings complete, females possessing a lateral cuticular ornamentation along the body, and two pairs of preanal and three pairs of postanal papillae in males. The findings represent new hosts and geographical records.

Harnoster, Florence, Svitin, Roman, Preez, Louis Du (2019): Serpinema cayennensis n. sp. (Nematoda: Camallanidae), a parasite of the freshwater turtle Rhinoclemmys punctularia Daudin (Reptilia: Testudines Geoemydidae) from French Guiana: morphology and phylogenetic relationships with other turtle-parasitising camallanids. Zootaxa 4679 (1): 181-193, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3466256, {"references":["Anderson, R. (1958) On the classification of the Filarioidea with special reference to the Filariidae and the Stephanofilariidae. Bulletin de la Societe Zoologique de France, 83 (1), 144-57.","Anderson, R.C. (2000) Order Spirurida-Suborder Camallanina, In: Nematode parasites of vertebrates 2nd ed. Their development and transmission. University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, pp. 349-356. https://doi.org/10.1079/9780851994215.0349","Baker, M.R. (1983) Nematode parasites of the turtle Pelusios sinuatus, Pleurodira from southern Africa. Systematic Parasitology, 5, 161-167. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00009348","Baker, M.R. (1987) Synopsis of the Nematoda parasitic in amphibians and reptiles. Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, pp.114-117.","De Freitas, J.F.T. & Dobbin, Jr. J.E. (1971) Contribuicao ao conhecimento da fauna helmintologica de quelonios no Estado de Pernumbuco, Brazil, Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, 69 (1), 57-76. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0074-02761971000100002","Gonzalez, C.E. & Hamann, M.I. (2007) The first record of amphibians as paratenic hosts of Serpinema Larva (Nematoda; Camallanidae). Brazilian Journal of Biology, 67 (3), 1678-4375. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1519-69842007000300026","Ivashkin, V.M., Sobolev, A.A. & Khromova, L.A. (1971) Essentials of Nematology. In: Skrjabin, K.I. (Ed.), Camallanata of animals and human and diseases caused by them. Vol. 22. Academy of Science of the USSR, Moscow, pp. 1- 388.","Kuzmin, Y., Tkach, V.V., Snyder, S.D. & Maier, M.D. (2009) Camallanus tuckeri n. sp. (Nematoda, Camallanidae) from Freshwater turtles (Pleurodira: Chelidae), in the Kimberley, Western Australia. Comparative Parasitology, 76 (2), 133-140. https://doi.org/10.1654/4391.1","Kuzmin, Y., Tkach, V.V., Snyder, S.D. & Bell, J.A. (2011) Camallanus Railliet and Henry, 1915 (Nematoda, Camallanidae) from Australian fresh water turtles with descriptions of two new species and molecular differentiation of known taxa. Acta Parasitologica, 56 (2), 213-226. https://doi.org/10.2478/s11686-011-0015-0","Mascarenhas, C.S. & Muller, G. (2017) Camallanus emydidius n. sp (Nematoda: Camallanidae) in Trachemys dorbigni (Dumeril and Bibron, 1835) (Testudines: Emydidae) from Southern Brazil. Journal of Parasitology, 6 (2), 108-114. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijppaw.2017.04.004","Moravec, F., Mendoza-Franco, E. & Vivas-Rodriguez, C. (1998) Fish as paratenic host of Serpinema trispinosum (Leidy, 1852) (Nematoda: Camallanidae). Journal of Parasitology, 84 (2), 454-456. https://doi.org/10.2307/3284513","Moravec, F., Nie, P. & Wang, G. (2004) Redescription of Camallanus hypophthalmichthys Dogel and Akhmerov, 1959 (Nematoda: Camallanidae) and its first record from fishes in China. Journal of Parasitology, 90 (6), 1463-1467. https://doi.org/10.1645/GE-3391","Moravec, F., Justine, J. & Rigby, M. (2006) Some new nematodes from marine perciform fishes off New Caledonia. Folia Parasitologica, 53, 223-239. https://doi.org/10.14411/fp.2006.029","Noveli, I.A., Morton, G.F., Trindade, I.T., Neto-Silva, D.A. & Vieira, F.M. (2014) First occurrence of Spirocamallanus sp. (Nematoda, Camallanoida) in a freshwater turtle, Hydromedusa tectifera (Cope, 1869) (Testudines, Chelidae), from Brazil. Herpetology Notes, 7, 599-602.","Ribeiro, D.J. (1941) Pesquisas helmintologicas realisadas no Estado do Para. VIII- Camallanus amazonicus n sp. parasite de Podocnemis expensa (SCHW). Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, 35 (4), 723-732. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0074-02761940000400002","Rigby, M.C., Adamson, M.L. & Deardorff, T.L. (1998) Camallanus carangis Olsen, 1954 (Nematoda: Camallanidae) report from(?)French Polynesia and Hawai'I with a redescription of the species. Journal of Parasitology, 84 (1), 158-162. https://doi.org/10.2307/3284548","Rigby, M.C., Font, W.F. & Deardorff, T.L. (1997) Redescription of Camallanus cotti Fujita, 1927 (Nematoda: Camallanidae) from Hawai'i. Journal of Parasitology, 83 (6), 116-1164. https://doi.org/10.2307/3284378","Rigby, M.C. & Rigby, E. (2013) Order Camallanida: Superfamilies Anguillicoloidea and Camallanoidea. In: Schmidt-Rhaesa, A (Ed.), Handbook of Zoology. Vol. 2. Gastrotricha, Cycloneuralia and Gnathifera. Nematoda. Deutsche Nationalbibliothek, Hamburg, pp. 1-369. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110274257.637","Rigby, M.C., Sharma, R.S.K., Hechinger, R.F., Platt, T.R. & Weaver, J.C. (2008) Two new species of Camallanus (Nematoda: Camallanidae) from fresh water turtles in Queensland, Australia. Journal of Parasitology, 94 (6), 1364-1370. https://doi.org/10.1645/GE-1504.1","Sharma, R.S.K., Rigb, M.C., Sunmita, S., Sani, R.A., Vidyadaran, M.K., Jasni, S. & Dailey, M.D. (2002) Redescription of Serpinema octorugatum (Baylis, 1933) (Nematoda: Camallanidae) from Malayan box turtle Cuora amboinensis (Daudin) (Chelonia: Bataguridae). Systematic Parasitology, 53, 19-28. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1019997922052","Stormber, P.C. & Crites, J.L. (1974) Specialization, body volume and geographical distribution of Camallanidae (Nematoda). Systematic Biology, 23 (2), 189-201. https://doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/23.2.189","Tkach, V., Kuzmin, Y. & Snyder, S. (2014) Molecular insight into systematics, host associations, life cycles and geographic distribution of the nematode family Rhabdiasidae. International Journal of Parasitology, 44 (5), 273-284. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpara.2013.12.005","Yeh, L.S. (1960) On reconstruction of genus Camallanus Railliet and Henry, 1915. Journal of Helminthology, 34 (1-2), 117- 124. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022149X00020435"]}

A new species ofProcamallanusBaylis, 1923 was found as a parasite of the fishAstronotusocellatus(Agassiz, 1831) from a lake in the Jardim Botânico Bosque Rodrigues Alves, Belém, Brazil.Procamallanusspiculastriatussp. n.has a smooth buccal capsule and a well-developed basal ring that is armed with four sclerotized tooth-like structures. The male of the new species is similar to the two species that are known from Brazilian fish,P.peraccuratusPinto, Fábio, Noronha & Rolas, 1976, andP.annipetteraeKohn & Fernandes, 1988, by the absence of the gubernaculum. It differs from these two by the morphology of the buccal capsule, the number are arrangement of the caudal papillae in males, the size and morphology of the spicules and the shape of the tail of both sexes.Procamallanusspiculastriatussp. n.is the third species discovered in fish from Brazil. This finding extends the geographical distribution of the genus into the Brazilian Amazon.

Ailán-Choke, Lorena Gisela (2017): Observations on two Procamallanus (Spirocamallanus) species (Nematoda: Camallanidae) from freshwater fishes in Argentina, including description of Procamallanus (Spirocamallanus) juana sp. nov. Zootaxa 4323 (2): 286-294, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4323.2.12

Procamallanus (Spirocamallanus) juana sp. nov. (Figs 1–2) Type material. Holotype: female CH-N-FML #07729; allotype: male CH-N-FML #07730; paratypes (four females, five males) CH-N-FML #07731. Type host. Pimelodus albicans Valenciennes (Siluriformes, Pimelodidae), Ichthyology Collection CI-FML #6467, collected 30 May 2013. Additional host: Pimelodella gracilis (Valenciennes) (Siluriformes, Heptateridae), Ichthyology Collection CI- FML #6519, collected 30 May 2013. Type locality. Salado River, Añatuya, General Taboada Department, Province of Santiago del Estero (28° 48’42”S, 62°39’0.9”W), Northwest Argentina. Etymology. The new species is named in honor of the memory of Juana Rosa Bennasar de Herrera (“Ms. Monona”), colleague, friend and for years Director of Zoology Area, FML. Site of infection.Intestine. Infection parameters. For P. albicans, prevalence: 75% (3/4); media intensity: 3.3 nematodes per fish and for P. gracilis, 75% (3/4); 4 nematodes per fish, respectively. Measurements. Table 1. General description. Medium-sized nematodes with finely, transversely striated cuticle. Mouth aperture rounded, provided and surrounded by six visible pores, fourteen submedian cephalic papillae arranged in three circles, two circlets (medium and external) with four papillae each; and the inner circlet with six larger papillae. Pair of medium amphids present (Fig. 1D, 2A). Buccal capsule orange-brown, thick-walled, barrel-shaped, slightly longer than wide, with simple well developed basal cephalic ring; wall of middle part of capsule strengthened by conspicuous thickenings appearing in lateral view as drop-shaped, extending anteriorly to anterior margin of capsule. In both sexes, inner surface of capsule provided with several spiral ridges, which may be complete and incomplete (not extending from one lateral margin of capsule to other) (Figs. 1A, B, C). Muscular esophagus somewhat shorter than glandular esophagus; both parts of esophagus slightly expanded near their posterior ends (Figs. 1A, C). Intestine narrow. Deirids, observed only in males; small, simple, with rounded end situated at about mid-way between posterior end of buccal capsule and nerve ring (Figs. 2B, C). Excretory pore located approximately in the middle of the muscular esophagus(Figs. 1A, C). Tail of females pointed and of males conical (Figs. 1F, G). Adult female (five gravid specimens): Buccal capsule with 5–7 inner spiral ridges (Figs. 1C). Deirids absent. Vulva pre-equatorial with conspicuous lips (Fig. 1E, 2E). Vagina muscular, directed posteriorly from vulva. Uterus containing larvae (Figs. 1E). Tail pointed with terminal spike (Figs. 1F, 2F). Adult Male (six specimens): Buccal capsule with 5–7 inner spiral ridges (Fig. 1B). Deirids present (Figs. 2B, C). Spicules of similar shape, but very unequal in length, right spicule larger than left, both with pointed distal ends (Fig 1G). Six pairs of sessile caudal papillae: three pairs preanal and three pairs postanal (Figs. 1G, 2D). Gubernaculum absent. Posterior end of body ventrally bent, provided with narrow caudal alae. (Figs. 1G, 2D). Tail conical (Fig 1G). Remarks. The new species belongs to the genus Procamallanus Baylis, 1923, which is characterized by the presence of a solid buccal capsule continuous with the inner surface smooth or with spiral ridges,spicules usually unequal, and caudal alae and gubernaculum present or absent in males. Three subgenera occur in Neotropical freshwater fishes. The new species herein described belongs to the subgenus Spirocamallanus Olsen, 1952, because both males and females present spiral thickenings (ridges) in the buccal capsule and the base of the male capsule without teeth (Moravec 1998).Between the species of Procamallanus (Spirocamallanus) recorded for the Neotropical Region, it is possibly distinguished as a morphological group that present caudal alae and unequal spicules, represented by P. (S.) rarus, P. (S.) solani Pinto, Fabio, Noronha & Rolas, P. (S.) paraguayensis (Petter), P. (S.) freitasi (Moreira, Oliveira & Costas), P. (S.) pimelodus Pinto, Fábio, Noronha & Rolas, P. (S.) dessetae (Petter, Golvan & Tcheprakoff), P. (S.) rebecae (Andrade-Salas, Pineda-Lopez & Garcias-Magaña) and the new species herein described. The general morphology of the new species is very similar to P. (S.) pimelodus; both species are characterized by possessing three pairs of preanal papillae and caudal alae in males, the right spicule exceeds 0.70 mm and the vulva is pre-equatorial. However, both species differ in the number of cephalic papillae (14 vs. 8); the presence or absence of pores around the mouth aperture; the number of pairs of postanal papillae (3 vs. 8) and the shape of the female tail (pointed with a spike vs. conical without spike). By the presence of caudal alae in males, the new species also resembles P. (S.) rarus . Moreover both species were found in freshwater catfishes from Argentina. However, these species differ in that, P. (S.) juana sp. nov. has sessile caudal papillae, while those of P. (S.) rarus are pedunculated; the vulva in the new species is pre-equatorial while in P. (S.) rarus it is equatorial, and the spicules are simple in P. (S.) juana sp. nov. While P. (S.) rarus has unequal and dissimilar spicules, the large spicule with a small ventral outgrowth and the small spicule simple. The presence of a digit-like projection provided with one or more small terminal cuticular spikes on the female tail, is a feature that the new species shares with some species of Procamallanus (Spirocamallanus), parasites of freshwater and marine fishes (Moravec et al. 2000). In the Neotropical Realm some species have this character. These include P. (S.) rebecae; P. (S.) solani; P. (S.) penneri (Fusco & Brooks); P. (S.) gobiomori Moravec, Salgado- Maldonado & Caspeta-Mandujano, 2000; and P. (S.) jaliscensis Moravec, Salgado-Maldonado & Caspeta- Mandujano, 2000; all of them are parasites of freshwater fishes (Moravec 1998; Moravec et al. 2000). These species can be distinguished from P. (S.) juana sp.nov. by a series of morphological features (such as the number of spiral thickenings in the buccal capsule and the length of right spicule) and the geographical distribution. Most of the species of Procamallanus (Spirocamallanus) have eight cephalic papillae arranged in two circlets. Nevertheless, the new species is the first in presenting fourteen cephalic papillae organized in three circlets, the external and median circlet formed by four papillae and the inner by six papillae, the papillae of the inner circlet distinctly large. Procamallanus (Spirocamallanus) halitrophus (Fusco & Overstreet), P. (S.) rebecae, P.(S.) rigbyi Yooyen, Moravec & Wongsawad and P. (S.) similis Yooyen, Moravec & Wongsawad also have numerous cephalic papillae, all present 12 papillae organized in three circlets formed by four papillae each and the papillae of the external circlet are distinctly large (Cardenas & Lanfredi, 2005; Yooyen et al. 2011). Nevertheless these species differ mainly in the host range and the geographical distribution. The first two species were recorded in the Neotropical Realm. Procamallanus (Spirocamallanus) halitrophus was record in marine fishes from the northern Gulf of Mexico and the coasts of Rio de Janeiro, Brasil; while P. (S.) rebecae was found in cichlid freshwater fishes from southern Mexico (Moravec, 1998). In contrast to P. (S.) rigbyi and P. (S.) similis that were recorded in marine perciform fishes from the Gulf of Thailand (Yooyen et al. 2011). By the presence of pores surrounding the margin of the oral opening, P. (S.) juana sp. nov. resemble P. (S.) daleneae (Boomker), P. (S.) spiralis Baylis and P. (S.) serranochromis Moravec & Van As. The first two present six pores, which coincides with the new species; while P. (S.) serranochromis has four pores in the cephalic end. Nevertheless, these species can be distinguished mainly from P. (S.) juana sp. nov. by the geographical distribution. Procamallanus (S.) daleneae and P. (S.) serranochromis were only recorded in African freshwater fishes. While, Procamallanus (S.) spiralis was also found in Africa and in different species of marine fishes in the Gulf of Suez, off the Atlantic and Pacific coasts of Mexico, in Philippine and Indonesian waters (off the Celebes), and in the Indian Ocean off the coast of Pakistan and India (Moravec & Van As 2015). Procamallanus (S.) juana sp. nov. can be distinguished from all congeners, by possessing 14 cephalic papillae arranged in three circlets (one of six papillae and two remaining with four papillae); six pores distinctly surrounding the mouth aperture; a buccal capsule with 5–7 spiral ridges; three pairs of preanal and three pairs of postanal papillae in males and a terminal cuticular spike on the female tail. Thus in this paper, we propose the erection of the new species of Procamallanus (Spirocamallanus), which is the 30th species of this genus for Neotropical Realm and the sixth for Argentina. Procamallanus (Spirocamallanus) hilarii Vaz & Pereira, 1934 Specimens examined. Six males and one female CH-N-FML #7732 isolated from Hyphessobrycon anisitsi (Eigenmann, 1907) (CI-FML #6429) from Salado River, Añatuya, General Taboada Department, Province of Santiago del Estero (28° 48’42”S, 62°39’0.9”W), Northwest Argentina. Infection parameters. Prevalence: 57% (4/7), mean intensity 1.75 nematodes per fish. Diagnosis. Medium nematodes with transversely striated cuticle. Buccal capsule with 13–18 spiral thickenings, basal ring well development. Muscular esophagus claviform, much shorter than glandular esophagus. Male with three pairs of preanal, 1–2 pairs adanal and three pairs of postanal papillae. Gubernaculum absent. Spicules short and subequal. Larger spicule 0.070–0.082, small spicule 0.050–0.062.Tail conical.In females, vulva in middle of body; uterus containing larvae. Tail rounded with terminal caudal appendix. Remarks. The morphological and morphometric analyses of the specimens analyzed by light microscopy, allowed the identification of Procamallanus (Spirocamallanus) hilarii, agreeing with the original description. Procamallanus (S.) hilarii belongs to a morphological group of species without caudal alae and with short and similar spicules in males, represented by P. (S.) chimusensis (Freitas & Ibañez), P. (S.) inopinatus Travassos, Artigas & Pereira, P. (S.) krameri (Petter), P. (S.) neocaballeroi (Caballero-Deloya), P. (S.) paraensis Pinto & Noronha, P. (S.) pintoi (Khon & Fernandes) and P. (S.) saofranciscencis (Moreira, Oliveira & Costas) (Moravec et al. 2004). By the general morphology, Procamallanus (S.) hilarii is most closely related with P. (S.) neocaballeroi. Both species present numerous spiral ridges (13–19) occupying the whole inner surface of the buccal capsule and a glandular esophagus at least three times longer than muscular esophagus. Procamallanus (S.) neocaballeroi can be readily distinguished from Procamallanus (S.) hilarii by possessing equal spicules and four pairs of preanal papillae and six pairs of postanal papillae. Moreover these species differ in the geographical distribution in the Neotropical Region. Procamallanus (S.) hilarii was recorded for Brazil, Perú and Argentina; while P. (S.) neocaballeroi has only been recorded in Mexico (Moravec 1998). Discussion. The genus Procamallanus Baylis, 1923 comprises numerous species described in a broad variety of host and geographical regions, in both marine and freshwater fishes. Although, many authors (Andrade–Salas et al. 1994) consider Spirocamallanus Olsen, 1952 as a distinct genus, Moravec & Sey (1988) consider Spirocamallanus a subgenus of Procamallanus to accommodate the species where both males and females have the buccal capsule with spiral ridges. Nevertheless, it is clear that this taxonomic system based on the morphology of the buccal capsule is more or less artificial and does not reflect the phylogenetic relationships (Moravec & Thatcher 1997). Andrade-Salas et al. (1994) proposed an alphabetic list with all nominal species grouped according to the geographical zones. However, this list is outdated, because later new species of Procamallanus were described. With respect to the Neotropical Realm, species of Procamallanus (Spirocamallanus) occur both in marine and continental water systems. To date, there are 29 species recorded from freshwater fishes, and they are widely distributed for the Neotropical Realm; mainly in Mexico, Lesser Antilles, Venezuela, Brasil, Paraguay, Perú and Argentina. In Argentina, there are five species of Procamallanus (Spirocamallanus) (P. (S.) inopinatus, P. (S.) rarus, P. (S.) huacraensis, P.(S.) hilarii and P. (S.) pintoi) recorded from characiform and siluriform freshwater fishes, mainly distributed in the regions northwest and northeast of the country. In the province of Corrientes, northeast region, it was registered P. (S.) inopinatus in Totora y Perez Lagoon, Riachuelo basin, and Riachuelo River Lagoon; and P. (S.) rarus in Parana River. Procamallanus (S.) inopinatus presents a wide host range. It was recorded from specimens of Characiformes (Brycon orbignyanus Valenciennes, Poptella paraguayensis Eigemann, Leporinus maculatus Müller & Troschel, Serrasalmus marginatus Valenciennnes, S. spilopleura Kner, Pygocentrus nattereri Kner) and Siluriformes (Luciopimelodus pati Valenciennes and Pseudoplatysoma corruscans Spix & Agassiz). By contrast, P. (S.) rarus was only found in P. albicans (Chemes & Takemoto 2011). Moreover, there are many records of both species in Brasil. Procamallanus (S.) inopinatus is also recorded from Paraguay and Venezuela and P. (S.) rarus from Perú (Moravec 1998). The new species herein described is most closely related with P. (S.) rarus by the presence of caudal alae and both species were found in the same host, P. albicans. With respect to the northwest region, there are three species recorded: P. (S.) huacraensis, P. (S.) pintoi and P. (S.) hilarii. The first two were found only in catfishes: Trichomycterus corduvensis and T. spegazzini respectively (All Trichomycteridae). Procamallanus. (S.) huacraensis was registered from Huacra and Vis-Vis Rivers, and Dike Agua Fresca (Catamarca Province). While, there is a unique record of P. (S.) pintoi in irrigation ditch tributary of River Yacones (Vaqueros municipality, Salta Province). Procamallanus (S.) hilarii was recorded in a wide host spectrum: Salminus brasiliensis Cuvier (= S. maxillosus Valenciennes), Megaleporinus obstusidens Valenciennes (= Leporinus obstusidens Valenciennes), Oligosarcus jenynsii Günther, Hoplias malabaricus Bloch, A. abramis Jenyns, A. lacustris Lutken, A. rutilus Jenyns, Piabina thomasi Fowler (all characids); Pimelodus albicans Valenciennes (Pimelodidae, Siluriformes) and Jenynsia alternimaculata Fowler (Anablepidae, Cyprinodontiformes). Its geographical distribution includes dam, rivers, streams and tributaries from several localities of the provinces of Tucumán, Santiago del Estero and Salta (Northwest Argentina) (Ailan et al. 2014; Antelo et al. 2016; Ramallo 2008). Procamallanus (S.) juana sp. nov. was also found in P. albicans. Thus both species (P. (S.) juana sp. nov. and P. (S.) hilarii) share the same host species and present records in the province of Santiago del Estero. However, these species differ in their general morphology, mainly in the presence of caudal alae, the number of spiral ridges in the buccal capsule and the number of caudal papillae in males (Moravec 1998). With the new finding, the number of species of Procamallanus (Spirocamallanus) was extended for the Neotropical Realm. Moreover, P. (S.) hilarii extends its host range and geographical distribution.

Procamallanus (Spirocamallanus) juana sp. nov. (Figs 1���2) Type material. Holotype: female CH-N-FML #07729; allotype: male CH-N-FML #07730; paratypes (four females, five males) CH-N-FML #07731. Type host. Pimelodus albicans Valenciennes (Siluriformes, Pimelodidae), Ichthyology Collection CI-FML #6467, collected 30 May 2013. Additional host: Pimelodella gracilis (Valenciennes) (Siluriformes, Heptateridae), Ichthyology Collection CI- FML #6519, collected 30 May 2013. Type locality. Salado River, A��atuya, General Taboada Department, Province of Santiago del Estero (28�� 48���42���S, 62��39���0.9���W), Northwest Argentina. Etymology. The new species is named in honor of the memory of Juana Rosa Bennasar de Herrera (���Ms. Monona���), colleague, friend and for years Director of Zoology Area, FML. Site of infection.Intestine. Infection parameters. For P. albicans, prevalence: 75% (3/4); media intensity: 3.3 nematodes per fish and for P. gracilis, 75% (3/4); 4 nematodes per fish, respectively. Measurements. Table 1. General description. Medium-sized nematodes with finely, transversely striated cuticle. Mouth aperture rounded, provided and surrounded by six visible pores, fourteen submedian cephalic papillae arranged in three circles, two circlets (medium and external) with four papillae each; and the inner circlet with six larger papillae. Pair of medium amphids present (Fig. 1D, 2A). Buccal capsule orange-brown, thick-walled, barrel-shaped, slightly longer than wide, with simple well developed basal cephalic ring; wall of middle part of capsule strengthened by conspicuous thickenings appearing in lateral view as drop-shaped, extending anteriorly to anterior margin of capsule. In both sexes, inner surface of capsule provided with several spiral ridges, which may be complete and incomplete (not extending from one lateral margin of capsule to other) (Figs. 1A, B, C). Muscular esophagus somewhat shorter than glandular esophagus; both parts of esophagus slightly expanded near their posterior ends (Figs. 1A, C). Intestine narrow. Deirids, observed only in males; small, simple, with rounded end situated at about mid-way between posterior end of buccal capsule and nerve ring (Figs. 2B, C). Excretory pore located approximately in the middle of the muscular esophagus(Figs. 1A, C). Tail of females pointed and of males conical (Figs. 1F, G). Adult female (five gravid specimens): Buccal capsule with 5���7 inner spiral ridges (Figs. 1C). Deirids absent. Vulva pre-equatorial with conspicuous lips (Fig. 1E, 2E). Vagina muscular, directed posteriorly from vulva. Uterus containing larvae (Figs. 1E). Tail pointed with terminal spike (Figs. 1F, 2F). Adult Male (six specimens): Buccal capsule with 5���7 inner spiral ridges (Fig. 1B). Deirids present (Figs. 2B, C). Spicules of similar shape, but very unequal in length, right spicule larger than left, both with pointed distal ends (Fig 1G). Six pairs of sessile caudal papillae: three pairs preanal and three pairs postanal (Figs. 1G, 2D). Gubernaculum absent. Posterior end of body ventrally bent, provided with narrow caudal alae. (Figs. 1G, 2D). Tail conical (Fig 1G). Remarks. The new species belongs to the genus Procamallanus Baylis, 1923, which is characterized by the presence of a solid buccal capsule continuous with the inner surface smooth or with spiral ridges,spicules usually unequal, and caudal alae and gubernaculum present or absent in males. Three subgenera occur in Neotropical freshwater fishes. The new species herein described belongs to the subgenus Spirocamallanus Olsen, 1952, because both males and females present spiral thickenings (ridges) in the buccal capsule and the base of the male capsule without teeth (Moravec 1998).Between the species of Procamallanus (Spirocamallanus) recorded for the Neotropical Region, it is possibly distinguished as a morphological group that present caudal alae and unequal spicules, represented by P. (S.) rarus, P. (S.) solani Pinto, Fabio, Noronha & Rolas, P. (S.) paraguayensis (Petter), P. (S.) freitasi (Moreira, Oliveira & Costas), P. (S.) pimelodus Pinto, F��bio, Noronha & Rolas, P. (S.) dessetae (Petter, Golvan & Tcheprakoff), P. (S.) rebecae (Andrade-Salas, Pineda-Lopez & Garcias-Maga��a) and the new species herein described. The general morphology of the new species is very similar to P. (S.) pimelodus; both species are characterized by possessing three pairs of preanal papillae and caudal alae in males, the right spicule exceeds 0.70 mm and the vulva is pre-equatorial. However, both species differ in the number of cephalic papillae (14 vs. 8); the presence or absence of pores around the mouth aperture; the number of pairs of postanal papillae (3 vs. 8) and the shape of the female tail (pointed with a spike vs. conical without spike). By the presence of caudal alae in males, the new species also resembles P. (S.) rarus . Moreover both species were found in freshwater catfishes from Argentina. However, these species differ in that, P. (S.) juana sp. nov. has sessile caudal papillae, while those of P. (S.) rarus are pedunculated; the vulva in the new species is pre-equatorial while in P. (S.) rarus it is equatorial, and the spicules are simple in P. (S.) juana sp. nov. While P. (S.) rarus has unequal and dissimilar spicules, the large spicule with a small ventral outgrowth and the small spicule simple. The presence of a digit-like projection provided with one or more small terminal cuticular spikes on the female tail, is a feature that the new species shares with some species of Procamallanus (Spirocamallanus), parasites of freshwater and marine fishes (Moravec et al. 2000). In the Neotropical Realm some species have this character. These include P. (S.) rebecae; P. (S.) solani; P. (S.) penneri (Fusco & Brooks); P. (S.) gobiomori Moravec, Salgado- Maldonado & Caspeta-Mandujano, 2000; and P. (S.) jaliscensis Moravec, Salgado-Maldonado & Caspeta- Mandujano, 2000; all of them are parasites of freshwater fishes (Moravec 1998; Moravec et al. 2000). These species can be distinguished from P. (S.) juana sp.nov. by a series of morphological features (such as the number of spiral thickenings in the buccal capsule and the length of right spicule) and the geographical distribution. Most of the species of Procamallanus (Spirocamallanus) have eight cephalic papillae arranged in two circlets. Nevertheless, the new species is the first in presenting fourteen cephalic papillae organized in three circlets, the external and median circlet formed by four papillae and the inner by six papillae, the papillae of the inner circlet distinctly large. Procamallanus (Spirocamallanus) halitrophus (Fusco & Overstreet), P. (S.) rebecae, P.(S.) rigbyi Yooyen, Moravec & Wongsawad and P. (S.) similis Yooyen, Moravec & Wongsawad also have numerous cephalic papillae, all present 12 papillae organized in three circlets formed by four papillae each and the papillae of the external circlet are distinctly large (Cardenas & Lanfredi, 2005; Yooyen et al. 2011). Nevertheless these species differ mainly in the host range and the geographical distribution. The first two species were recorded in the Neotropical Realm. Procamallanus (Spirocamallanus) halitrophus was record in marine fishes from the northern Gulf of Mexico and the coasts of Rio de Janeiro, Brasil; while P. (S.) rebecae was found in cichlid freshwater fishes from southern Mexico (Moravec, 1998). In contrast to P. (S.) rigbyi and P. (S.) similis that were recorded in marine perciform fishes from the Gulf of Thailand (Yooyen et al. 2011). By the presence of pores surrounding the margin of the oral opening, P. (S.) juana sp. nov. resemble P. (S.) daleneae (Boomker), P. (S.) spiralis Baylis and P. (S.) serranochromis Moravec & Van As. The first two present six pores, which coincides with the new species; while P. (S.) serranochromis has four pores in the cephalic end. Nevertheless, these species can be distinguished mainly from P. (S.) juana sp. nov. by the geographical distribution. Procamallanus (S.) daleneae and P. (S.) serranochromis were only recorded in African freshwater fishes. While, Procamallanus (S.) spiralis was also found in Africa and in different species of marine fishes in the Gulf of Suez, off the Atlantic and Pacific coasts of Mexico, in Philippine and Indonesian waters (off the Celebes), and in the Indian Ocean off the coast of Pakistan and India (Moravec & Van As 2015). Procamallanus (S.) juana sp. nov. can be distinguished from all congeners, by possessing 14 cephalic papillae arranged in three circlets (one of six papillae and two remaining with four papillae); six pores distinctly surrounding the mouth aperture; a buccal capsule with 5���7 spiral ridges; three pairs of preanal and three pairs of postanal papillae in males and a terminal cuticular spike on the female tail. Thus in this paper, we propose the erection of the new species of Procamallanus (Spirocamallanus), which is the 30th species of this genus for Neotropical Realm and the sixth for Argentina. Procamallanus (Spirocamallanus) hilarii Vaz & Pereira, 1934 Specimens examined. Six males and one female CH-N-FML #7732 isolated from Hyphessobrycon anisitsi (Eigenmann, 1907) (CI-FML #6429) from Salado River, A��atuya, General Taboada Department, Province of Santiago del Estero (28�� 48���42���S, 62��39���0.9���W), Northwest Argentina. Infection parameters. Prevalence: 57% (4/7), mean intensity 1.75 nematodes per fish. Diagnosis. Medium nematodes with transversely striated cuticle. Buccal capsule with 13���18 spiral thickenings, basal ring well development. Muscular esophagus claviform, much shorter than glandular esophagus. Male with three pairs of preanal, 1���2 pairs adanal and three pairs of postanal papillae. Gubernaculum absent. Spicules short and subequal. Larger spicule 0.070���0.082, small spicule 0.050���0.062.Tail conical.In females, vulva in middle of body; uterus containing larvae. Tail rounded with terminal caudal appendix. Remarks. The morphological and morphometric analyses of the specimens analyzed by light microscopy, allowed the identification of Procamallanus (Spirocamallanus) hilarii, agreeing with the original description. Procamallanus (S.) hilarii belongs to a morphological group of species without caudal alae and with short and similar spicules in males, represented by P. (S.) chimusensis (Freitas & Iba��ez), P. (S.) inopinatus Travassos, Artigas & Pereira, P. (S.) krameri (Petter), P. (S.) neocaballeroi (Caballero-Deloya), P. (S.) paraensis Pinto & Noronha, P. (S.) pintoi (Khon & Fernandes) and P. (S.) saofranciscencis (Moreira, Oliveira & Costas) (Moravec et al. 2004). By the general morphology, Procamallanus (S.) hilarii is most closely related with P. (S.) neocaballeroi. Both species present numerous spiral ridges (13���19) occupying the whole inner surface of the buccal capsule and a glandular esophagus at least three times longer than muscular esophagus. Procamallanus (S.) neocaballeroi can be readily distinguished from Procamallanus (S.) hilarii by possessing equal spicules and four pairs of preanal papillae and six pairs of postanal papillae. Moreover these species differ in the geographical distribution in the Neotropical Region. Procamallanus (S.) hilarii was recorded for Brazil, Per�� and Argentina; while P. (S.) neocaballeroi has only been recorded in Mexico (Moravec 1998). Discussion. The genus Procamallanus Baylis, 1923 comprises numerous species described in a broad variety of host and geographical regions, in both marine and freshwater fishes. Although, many authors (Andrade���Salas et al. 1994) consider Spirocamallanus Olsen, 1952 as a distinct genus, Moravec & Sey (1988) consider Spirocamallanus a subgenus of Procamallanus to accommodate the species where both males and females have the buccal capsule with spiral ridges. Nevertheless, it is clear that this taxonomic system based on the morphology of the buccal capsule is more or less artificial and does not reflect the phylogenetic relationships (Moravec & Thatcher 1997). Andrade-Salas et al. (1994) proposed an alphabetic list with all nominal species grouped according to the geographical zones. However, this list is outdated, because later new species of Procamallanus were described. With respect to the Neotropical Realm, species of Procamallanus (Spirocamallanus) occur both in marine and continental water systems. To date, there are 29 species recorded from freshwater fishes, and they are widely distributed for the Neotropical Realm; mainly in Mexico, Lesser Antilles, Venezuela, Brasil, Paraguay, Per�� and Argentina. In Argentina, there are five species of Procamallanus (Spirocamallanus) (P. (S.) inopinatus, P. (S.) rarus, P. (S.) huacraensis, P.(S.) hilarii and P. (S.) pintoi) recorded from characiform and siluriform freshwater fishes, mainly distributed in the regions northwest and northeast of the country. In the province of Corrientes, northeast region, it was registered P. (S.) inopinatus in Totora y Perez Lagoon, Riachuelo basin, and Riachuelo River Lagoon; and P. (S.) rarus in Parana River. Procamallanus (S.) inopinatus presents a wide host range. It was recorded from specimens of Characiformes (Brycon orbignyanus Valenciennes, Poptella paraguayensis Eigemann, Leporinus maculatus M��ller & Troschel, Serrasalmus marginatus Valenciennnes, S. spilopleura Kner, Pygocentrus nattereri Kner) and Siluriformes (Luciopimelodus pati Valenciennes and Pseudoplatysoma corruscans Spix & Agassiz). By contrast, P. (S.) rarus was only found in P. albicans (Chemes & Takemoto 2011). Moreover, there are many records of both species in Brasil. Procamallanus (S.) inopinatus is also recorded from Paraguay and Venezuela and P. (S.) rarus from Per�� (Moravec 1998). The new species herein described is most closely related with P. (S.) rarus by the presence of caudal alae and both species were found in the same host, P. albicans. With respect to the northwest region, there are three species recorded: P. (S.) huacraensis, P. (S.) pintoi and P. (S.) hilarii. The first two were found only in catfishes: Trichomycterus corduvensis and T. spegazzini respectively (All Trichomycteridae). Procamallanus. (S.) huacraensis was registered from Huacra and Vis-Vis Rivers, and Dike Agua Fresca (Catamarca Province). While, there is a unique record of P. (S.) pintoi in irrigation ditch tributary of River Yacones (Vaqueros municipality, Salta Province). Procamallanus (S.) hilarii was recorded in a wide host spectrum: Salminus brasiliensis Cuvier (= S. maxillosus Valenciennes), Megaleporinus obstusidens Valenciennes (= Leporinus obstusidens Valenciennes), Oligosarcus jenynsii G��nther, Hoplias malabaricus Bloch, A. abramis Jenyns, A. lacustris Lutken, A. rutilus Jenyns, Piabina thomasi Fowler (all characids); Pimelodus albicans Valenciennes (Pimelodidae, Siluriformes) and Jenynsia alternimaculata Fowler (Anablepidae, Cyprinodontiformes). Its geographical distribution includes dam, rivers, streams and tributaries from several localities of the provinces of Tucum��n, Santiago del Estero and Salta (Northwest Argentina) (Ailan et al. 2014; Antelo et al. 2016; Ramallo 2008). Procamallanus (S.) juana sp. nov. was also found in P. albicans. Thus both species (P. (S.) juana sp. nov. and P. (S.) hilarii) share the same host species and present records in the province of Santiago del Estero. However, these species differ in their general morphology, mainly in the presence of caudal alae, the number of spiral ridges in the buccal capsule and the number of caudal papillae in males (Moravec 1998). With the new finding, the number of species of Procamallanus (Spirocamallanus) was extended for the Neotropical Realm. Moreover, P. (S.) hilarii extends its host range and geographical distribution., Published as part of Ail��n-Choke, Lorena Gisela, 2017, Observations on two Procamallanus (Spirocamallanus) species (Nematoda: Camallanidae) from freshwater fishes in Argentina, including description of Procamallanus (Spirocamallanus) juana sp. nov., pp. 286-294 in Zootaxa 4323 (2) on pages 287-293, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4323.2.12, http://zenodo.org/record/898866, {"references":["Moravec, F. (1998) Nematodes of freshwater fishes of the Neotropical Region. Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Praha, 464 pp.","Moravec, F., Salgado-Maldonado, G. & Caspeta-Mandujano, J. (2000) Three new Procamallanus (Spirocamallanus) species from freshwater fishes in Mexico. Journal of Parasitology, 86, 119 - 127. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 3284921","Cardenas, M. Q. & Lanfredi, R. M. (2005) Futher description of Procamallanus (Spirocamallanus) halitrophus comb. n. (Nematoda: Camallanidae) from flounder off the Brazilian coast by light and scanning microscopy electron microscopy. Journal of Parasitology, 91, 606 - 613. https: // doi. org / 10.1645 / ge- 3422","Yooyen, T., Moravec, F. & Wongsawad, C. (2011) Two new sibling species of Procamallanus (Spirocamallanus) (Nematoda: Camallanidae) from marine fishes in the gulf of Thailand. Journal of Parasitology, 97, 931 - 938. https: // doi. org / 10.1645 / ge- 2806.1","Moravec, F. & Van As, L. L. (2015) Procamallanus (Spirocamallanus) spp. (Nematoda: Camallanidae) from fishes of the Okavango River, Botswana, including P. (S.) serranochromis n. sp. parasitic in Serranochromis spp. (Cichlidae). SystematicParasitology, 90,151 - 164. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 11230 - 014 - 9542 - z","Moravec, F., Chara, J. & Shinn, A. P. (2004) Two nematodes, Dentinema trichomycteri n. g., n. sp. (Cosmocercidae) and Procamallanus chimusensis Freitas & Ibanez, 1968 (Camallanidae), from catfishes Trichomycterus spp. (Pisces) in Colombia. Systematic Parasitology, 59, 189 - 197. https: // doi. org / 10.1023 / b: sypa. 0000048098.80098.26","Moravec, F. & Sey, O. (1988) Nematodes of freshwater fishes from North Vietnam. Part 1. Camallanoidea and Habronematoidea. Acta Societatis Zoologicae Bohemoslovacae, 52, 128 - 148. https: // doi. org / 10.14411 / fp. 2017.010","Moravec, F. & Thatcher, V. E. (1997) Procamallanus (Denticamallanus subgen. n.) dentatus n. sp. (Nematoda: Camallanidae) from the characid fish, Bryconops alburnoides, in the Brazilian Amazon. Parasite, 4, 239 - 243. https: // doi. org / 10.1051 / parasite / 1997043239","Andrade-Salas, O., Pineda-Lopez, R. F., Garcia-Magana, L. (1994) Spirocamallanus rebecae sp. n. (Nematoda: Camallanidae) from freshwater fishes in south-eastern Mexico. Folia Parasitologica, 41, 259 - 270. https: // doi. org / 10.1515 / ap- 2015 - 0032","Chemes, S. B. & Takemoto, R. M. (2011) Diversity of parasites from Middle Parana systemfreshwater fishes, Argentina. International Journal of Biodiversity and Conservation, 3, 249 - 266. https: // doi. org / 10.1023 / b: bioc. 0000035870.36495. fc","Ailan Choke, L., Ramallo, G., Nieva, L. & Davies, D. (2014) Helmintos parasitos de peces fluviales, provincia de Salta, Argentina. Acta Zoologica Lilloana, 58, 251 - 255. https: // doi. org / 10.15560 / 10.3.597","Antelo, C., Bulacio, E., Cancino, F., Marigliano, N., Peralta, M., Ramallo, G. & Romero, F. (2016) Biodiversidad y Fronteras: Cuenca del Rio Bermejo (Salta, Argentina). Serie Conservacion de la Naturaleza Nº 21. Fundacion Miguel Lillo, San Miguel de Tucuman, 82 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.14522 / darwiniana. 2014.21.560","Ramallo, G. (2008) Nueva especie de Procamallanus (Spirocamallanus) (Nematoda, Camallanidae), parasito de Trichomycterus corduvensis (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae), en el Norte de Argentina. Acta Zoologica Lilloana, 52, 25 - 29. https: // doi. org / 10.1515 / ap- 2015 - 0032"]}

Key to genera of PHILOMETRIDAE 1 Body elongate, claviform; oesophageal gland limited to middle of oesophagus............................. Clavinema - Body cylindrical, long; oesophageal gland more or less extensive.............................................. 2 2 Dorsal oesophageal gland developed along greater posterior portion of oesophagus; anterior muscular portion more or less swollen anteriorly, without free posterior glandular appendix; anterior ovary not rudimentary........................ 3 - Anterior muscular portion of oesophagus elongate, with two swellings separated by nerve ring, with free posterior glandular appendix; anterior ovary rudimentary............................................................ Ichthyofilaria 3 Body of female covered with prominent cuticular bosses.......................................... Philometroides - Body of female smooth, without cuticular bosses........................................................... 4 4 Posterior end of both sexes rounded; anus of male terminal; gubernaculum present......................... Philometra - Posterior end of both sexes tapering to a sharp point; tail of male coiled, anus remote from tail tip; gubernaculum absent............................................................................................... Philonema

Oncophora Diesing, 1851 Generic diagnosis (after Baudin-Laurencin 1971, Petter 1979, and Pinto et al. 1988). Camallanidae. Body elongated, tapering at each end. Buccal capsule with two valves, marked internally by numerous interrupted ridges in both sexes. Mouth opening slit-like. Pair of tridents associated with buccal capsule. Oesophagus comprises an anterior muscular portion, and a posterior glandular portion of about equal length. Cuticle thin, finely striated in both sexes. One species, O. melanocephala, is known from one fish species in Canada., Published as part of Arai, Hisao P. & Smith, John W., 2016, Guide to the Parasites of Fishes of Canada Part V: Nematoda, pp. 1-274 in Zootaxa 4185 (1) on page 64, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4185.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/165530, {"references":["Baudin-Laurencin, F. (1971) Oncophora melanocephala (Rud. 1819) n. comb., nematode Camallanidae, parasite du thon albacore Neothunnus albacares. Bulletin du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle Paris, 2 nd series, Vol. 42, No. 5, 1970, 984 - 988.","Petter, A. J. (1979) Essai de classification de la sous-famille des Camallaninae (Nematoda, Camallanidae). Bulletin du Museum National d'Histoire, Paris, 4 th series 1, section A, No. 4, 991 - 1008.","Pinto, R. M., Vicente, J. J., Noronha, D. & De Fabio, S. P. (1988) Redescription of Oncophora melanocephala (Rudolphi, 1819) Baudin-Laurencin, 1971 (Nematoda, Camallanidae). Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, 83, 233 - 237. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1590 / s 0074 - 02761988000200015"]}

Camallanus sp. Site: alimentary tract Hosts: Acipenser fulvescens (4); Esox lucius (2); Perca flavescens (1, 3) Distribution: Hudson Bay Drainage, Labrador, Manitoba, Ontario Records: 1. Tedla 1969 (ON); 2. Threlfall & Hanek 1970b (LB); 3. Tedla & Fernando 1972 (ON); 4. Choudhury & Dick 1998 (HBD, MB), Published as part of Arai, Hisao P. & Smith, John W., 2016, Guide to the Parasites of Fishes of Canada Part V: Nematoda, pp. 1-274 in Zootaxa 4185 (1) on page 64, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4185.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/165530, {"references":["Tedla, S. & Fernando, C. H. (1972) On the characterization of the parasite fauna of yellow perch (Perca flavescens L.) in five lakes in southern Ontario. Helminthologia (Bratislava), 11, 23 - 33.","Choudhury, A. & Dick, T. A. (1998) Patterns and determinants of helminth communities in the Acipenseridae (Actinopterygii: Chondrostei), with special reference to the lake sturgeon, Acipenser fulvescens. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 76, 330 - 349. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1139 / z 97 - 189"]}

Camallanus Railliet & Henry, 1915 Generic diagnosis (after Moravec 2013). Camallanidae. Mouth opening slit-like. Buccal capsule divided into two lateral valves; buccal cavity behind valves reduced to basal ring; longitudinal thickenings (bands) sustaining buccal valves continuous, smooth or armed with denticles, not separated into ventral and dorsal groups; tridents present. Usually six to seven pairs of pre-cloacal papillae in males. Spicules unequal. Parasites of alimentary tract of fishes and amphibians., Published as part of Arai, Hisao P. & Smith, John W., 2016, Guide to the Parasites of Fishes of Canada Part V: Nematoda, pp. 1-274 in Zootaxa 4185 (1) on page 60, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4185.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/165530

Family PHILOMETRIDAE Baylis & Daubney, 1926 Family diagnosis (after Moravec 2013). Female body long. Head end rounded, peribuccal ring absent. Mouth simple, buccal capsule absent. Mouth opening usually surrounded by four to eight cephalic papillae. Males much smaller than females. Two equal or slightly unequal spicules; gubernaculum present or absent. Vulva and vagina more or less completely atrophied in gravid worms. Uterus amphidelphic. Viviparous. Parasitic in subcutaneous tissues, body cavity, serosa or blood vessels of fishes., Published as part of Arai, Hisao P. & Smith, John W., 2016, Guide to the Parasites of Fishes of Canada Part V: Nematoda, pp. 1-274 in Zootaxa 4185 (1) on page 42, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4185.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/165530

** Camallanus oxycephalus Ward & Magath, 1917 Description (after Stromberg et al. 1973). With characteristics of the genus. Slender worms, widest in middle third of body and tapering slightly towards tail. Living worms red in colour. Cuticle with barely perceptible striae. Head straight, not bent ventrally. Mouth opening elongate. Buccal capsule divided into two sclerotized lateral valves with smooth longitudinal rib-like thickenings internally; inflation of valves forms sclerotized ring at junction of buccal cavity and oesophagus. Two trident-shaped processes at junction of valves, one dorsal, one ventral (Fig. 40 A). Three pairs of simple circumoral papillae in outer circle; two pairs in inner circle at dorsal and ventral ends of mouth opening. Oesophagus with anterior club-shaped muscular portion, and posterior cylindrical glandular portion. Intestine straight. Anal lips slightly protruding. Males: 4.57 (4.43–5.20) long; width 0.15 (0.12–0.18). Buccal capsule 0.103 (0.096–0.112) by 0.100 (0.096– 0.107). Tridents 0.094 (0.086–0.104) long. Muscular oesophagus 0.390 (0.360–0.422), and glandular oesophagus 0.461 (0.428–0.530) long. Nerve ring 0.168–0.210 from anterior end. Single testis reaching almost to glandular oesophagus, then reflexed; reproductive tract with several swollen portions separated by constrictions. Tail 0.121 (0.109–0.136) long, rolled ventrally in mature worms, ending bluntly without a mucron. Thin caudal alae supported by papillae. Six pairs pre-cloacal, five pairs post-cloacal papillae. Spicules unequal but similar, left one weakly sclerotized, right one heavily so, 0.154 (0.146–0.166) long. Gubernaculum absent (Fig. 40 B). Females: 18.18 (15.93–25.05) long. Buccal capsule 0.137 (0.128–0.142) by 0.151 (0.136–0.165). Tridents 0.138 (0.134–0.144) long. Muscular oesophagus 0.569 (0.483–0.666), glandular oesophagus 0.652 (0.558–0.748) long. Nerve ring 0.262 (0.222–0.300) from anterior end. Vulva 2.24–3.11 from tail tip, lips slightly protruding. Vagina very muscular, directed posteriorly. Single ovary reaching level of muscular oesophagus, then reflexing; posterior branch of uterus reaching tail end, ending blindly in an highly muscular sac. Tail 1.87 (1.53–2.21) long, bluntly rounded without mucron (Fig. 40 C). Ovoviviparous: larvae 0.635 (0.629–0.645) long. Site: intestine Hosts: Ambloplites rupestris (1, 2, 7); Ameiurus nebulosus (4); Ammocrypta pellucida (1); Aplodinotus grunniens (1, 9); Carpiodes cyprinus (4, 9); Catostomus commersonii (3, 6); Cottus bairdii (3); Culaea inconstans (3); Cyprinella spiloptera (1); Esox lucius (7); Etheostoma blennioides (1); Etheostoma exile (3, 7); Fundulus diaphanus (7); Hiodon tergisus (1); Ictalurus punctatus (1); Labidesthes sicculus (1); Lepomis gibbosus (1, 7); Lepomis macrochirus (7); Lota lota (3); Micropterus dolomieu (1, 2, 3, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11); Micropterus salmoides (1); Morone chrysops (1, 2, 9); Notemigonus crysoleucas (7, 12); Notropis atherinoides (1); Notropis buccatus (1); Notropis heterodon (1); Notropis heterolepis (1); Notropis hudsonius (1); Notropis stramineus (1); Noturus flavus (1); Oncorhynchus kisutch (7); Perca flavescens (1, 3, 9); Percina caprodes (1, 3, 7); Percina copelandi (1); Percina maculata (1); Percopsis omiscomaycus (1); Pomoxis nigromaculatus (1, 2, 7); Rhinichthys cataractae (1); Salmo salar (5); Sander canadensis (1, 3); Sander vitreus (1, 9) Distribution: Nova Scotia, Ontario Records: 1. Bangham & Hunter 1939 (ON); 2. Bangham 1955 (ON); 3. Dechtiar 1972a (ON); 4. Dechtiar 1972 b (ON); 5. Hare & Frantsi 1974 (NS); 6. Chan 1980 (ON); 7. Dechtiar & Christie 1988 (ON); 8. Dechtiar & Lawrie 1988 (ON); 9. Dechtiar & Nepszy 1988 (ON); 10. Dechtiar et al. 1988 (ON); 11. Dechtiar et al. 1989 (ON); 12. Forest & Cone 2011 (ON), Published as part of Arai, Hisao P. & Smith, John W., 2016, Guide to the Parasites of Fishes of Canada Part V: Nematoda, pp. 1-274 in Zootaxa 4185 (1) on pages 62-64, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4185.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/165530, {"references":["Stromberg, P. C., Shegog, J. H. & Crites, J. L. (1973) A description of the male and redescription of the female of Camallanus oxycephalus Ward and Magath, 1916 (Nematoda: Camallanidae). Proceedings of the Helminthological Society of Washington, 40, 234 - 237. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.2307 / 3278688","Bangham, R. V. & Hunter, G. W. III. (1939) Studies on fish parasites of Lake Erie. Distribution studies. Zoologica (New York), 24, 385 - 444.","Bangham, R. V. (1955) Studies on fish parasites of Lake Huron and Manitoulin Island. American Midland Naturalist, 53, 184 - 194. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.2307 / 2422308","Dechtiar, A. O. (1972 a) Parasites of fish from Lake of the Woods, Ontario. Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada, 29, 275 - 283. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1139 / f 72 - 046","Dechtiar, A. O. (1972 b) New parasite records for Lake Erie fish. Great Lakes Fishery Commission, Technical Report, No. 17, 20 pp.","Hare, G. M. & Frantsi, C. (1974) Abundance and potential pathology of parasites infecting salmonids in Canadian maritime hatcheries. Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada, 31, 1031 - 1036. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1139 / f 74 - 116","Chan, G. - L. (1980) Study of some parasites of the white sucker, Catostomus commersoni (Lacepede), and the fathead minnow, Pimephales promelas Rafinesque, in a reservoir and its contiguous streams. Ph. D. Dissertation. Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, 298 pp.","Dechtiar, A. O. & Christie, W. J. (1988) Survey of the parasite fauna of Lake Ontario fishes, 1961 to 1971. In: Nepszy, S. J. (Ed.), Parasites of Fishes in the Canadian waters of the Great Lakes. Great Lakes Fishery Commission, Technical Report, No. 51, 66 - 95.","Dechtiar, A. O. & Lawrie, A. H. (1988) Survey of the parasite fauna of Lake Superior fishes, 1969 to 1975. In: Nepszy, S. J. (Ed.), Parasites of Fishes in the Canadian waters of the Great Lakes. Great Lakes Fishery Commission, Technical Report, No. 51, 1 - 18.","Dechtiar, A. O. & Nepszy, S. J. (1988) Survey of the parasite fauna of selected fish species from Lake Erie, 1970 ̶ 1975. In: Nepszy, S. J. (Ed.), Parasites of Fishes in the Canadian waters of the Great Lakes. Great Lakes Fishery Commission, Technical Report, No. 51, 49 - 65.","Dechtiar, A. O., MacLean, J. A. & Nepszy, S. J. (1989) Parasites of Fishes from Algonquin Park lakes. Ontario Fisheries, Technical Report. Series, No. 29, 10 pp.","Forest, J. J. H. & Cone, D. K. (2011) Helminth parasites of golden shiner Notemigonus crysoleucas (Pisces: Cyprinidae) from Ontario and Nova Scotia, Canada. Comparative Parasitology, 78, 220 - 222. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1654 / 4442.1"]}

** Camallanus ancylodirus Ward & Magath, 1917 Description (after Baker 1979). With characteristics of the genus. Slender worms with blunt anterior end, and posterior end. Males about two-thirds size of gravid females. Head bent slightly ventrally in mature worms. Cuticle 0.007 thick with faint longitudinal and transverse striations. Mouth opening elongate. Four cephalic papillae observed. Amphids not observed. Buccal capsule with identical lateral valves, each with numerous irregular, slender, longitudinal ridges. A pair of sclerotized plates near anterior margin of each buccal valve. Posterior end of buccal cavity surrounded by prominent sclerotized ring. Tridents prominent, with pair of elongate, equal, lateral processes and elongate medial process. Oesophagus divided into slender anterior muscular portion and slender posterior glandular portion (Fig. 39 A). Males (two specimens): 15.2 and 17.1 long. Buccal valves 0.137 and 0.39, tridents 0.173 and 0.186, muscular oesophagus 1.08 and 1.15, and glandular oesophagus 0.70 and 1.00 long. Nerve ring 0.318 and 0.346 from anterior end. Posterior end with prominent protuberance in anal region and ventral groove-like constriction in mid-region of tail. Tail 0.138 and 0.157 long, tapering to blunt terminal point. Caudal end with 11 pairs of subventral pedunculate papillae distributed as follows: seven pre–cloacal pairs arranged in two rows with papillae in each row evenly spaced, and four post-cloacal pairs with the three most anterior pairs arising closely together from hypodermis. All pedunculate caudal papillae contained within prominent caudal alae. Hypodermal protuberance in anal region with one pre-cloacal and one post-cloacal pair of sessile papillae. Sessile papillae with band of thick cuticle extending laterally to base of protuberance (Fig. 39 B). Spicules prominent, unequal, curved in lateral view, with blunt capitulum and tubular shaft ending distally in sharp point. Right spicule with robust shaft, 0.277–0.290 long; left one relatively slender, 0.218–0.239 long. Females (four specimens): 24.2–26.2 long. Buccal valves 0.170–0.186, tridents 0.178–0.215, muscular oesophagus 1.16–1.39, and glandular oesophagus 1.31–1.39 long. Nerve ring 0.337–0.361 from anterior end. Vulva small and round, opening into cup-shaped projection of the cuticle, 9.4–11.5 from posterior end. Cuticle beside vulva forming an elongate ridge about 0.250 long. Tail 0.451–0.480 long, tapering to blunt point. Anus inconspicuous. Posterior part of uterus extending behind anus to mid-region of tail (Fig. 39 C). Uterus contains numerous larvae. Site: intestine Host: Carpiodes cyprinus Distribution: Ontario Record: Dechtiar & Nepszy 1988, Published as part of Arai, Hisao P. & Smith, John W., 2016, Guide to the Parasites of Fishes of Canada Part V: Nematoda, pp. 1-274 in Zootaxa 4185 (1) on pages 61-62, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4185.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/165530, {"references":["Baker, M. R. (1979) Redescription of Camallanus ancylodirus Ward and Magath 1916 (Nematoda: Camallanidae) from freshwater fishes of North America. Journal of Parasitology, 65, 389 - 392. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.2307 / 3280280","Dechtiar, A. O. & Nepszy, S. J. (1988) Survey of the parasite fauna of selected fish species from Lake Erie, 1970 ̶ 1975. In: Nepszy, S. J. (Ed.), Parasites of Fishes in the Canadian waters of the Great Lakes. Great Lakes Fishery Commission, Technical Report, No. 51, 49 - 65."]}

Keys are provided for the identification of the nematode species known to be parasites of Canadian fishes. The nematodes are described and illustrated, with a note of the site(s) they occupy in named fish host(s) and their geographical distribution. Parasite records are given by author and date, full details of which can be found in a bibliography of over 800 references. Diagnoses and keys for 22 Families, 47 genera and 88 species of nematodes are also given, together with a glossary of terms, a host-parasite list, and indices to both nematode parasites and hosts.

Camallanus Railliet and Henry, 1915 (= Zeylanema Yeh, 1960) Camallanus sp. (larvae) Host and record: Leptodactylus chaquensis Cei, 1950 (Co), Lysapsus limellus Cope, 1862 (Co). Site of infection: Small intestine. Material deposited: CECOAL 0 3042804 (L. chaquensis). References: Kehr et al. (2000), Schaefer et al. (2006). Life cycle: Species of this genus parasitize fishes that feed on aquatic invertebrates (principally copepods); their intermediate hosts (Anderson 2000). Amphibians are probably accidental hosts in the life cycle of these nematodes., Published as part of Gonz��lez, Cynthya Elizabeth & In��s, Hamann Monika, 2015, Checklist of nematode parasites of amphibians from Argentina, pp. 451-476 in Zootaxa 3980 (4) on page 454, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3980.4.1, http://zenodo.org/record/233431, {"references":["Kehr, A. I., Manly, B. F. J. & Hamann, M. I. (2000) Coexistence of helminth species in Lysapsus limellus (Anura: Pseudidae) from an Argentinean subtropical area: influence of biotic and abiotic factors. Oecologia, 125, 549 - 558. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / s 004420000480","Schaefer, E. F., Hamann, M. I., Kehr, A. I., Gonzalez, C. E. & Dure, M. I. (2006) Trophic, reproductive and parasitological aspects of the ecology of Leptodactylus chaquensis (Anura: Leptodactylidae) in Argentina. Herpetological Journal, 16, 387 - 394.","Anderson, R. C. (2000) Nematode Parasites of Vertebrates: Their Development and Transmission. 2 nd Edition. CAB International, Wallingford, Oxford, UK, 650 pp."]}

González, Cynthya Elizabeth, Inés, Hamann Monika (2015): Checklist of nematode parasites of amphibians from Argentina. Zootaxa 3980 (4): 451-476, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3980.4.1

Camallanus sp. Host and locality records: Leptodactylus chaquensis (CO) Distribution: Argentina Site of infection: small intestine Stage: larvae Reference: Schaefer et al. (2006), Published as part of Campião, Karla Magalhães, Morais, Drausio Honorio, Dias, Olívia Tavares, Aguiar, Aline, Toledo, Gislayne De Melo, Tavares, Luiz Eduardo Roland & Silva, Reinaldo José Da, 2014, Checklist of Helminth parasites of Amphibians from South America, pp. 1-93 in Zootaxa 3843 (1) on page 27, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3843.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/4928492, {"references":["Schaefer, E. F., Hamann, M. I., Kehr, A. I., Gonzalez, C. E. & Dure, M. I. (2006) Trophic, reproductive and parasitological aspects of the ecology of Leptodactylus chaquensis (Anura: Leptodactylidae) in Argentina. Herpetological Journal, 16, 387 - 394."]}

Family Philometridae Baylis et Daubney, 1926, Published as part of Dewi, Kartika & Palm, Harry W., 2013, Two new species of philometrid nematodes (Nematoda: Philometridae) in Epinephelus coioides (Hamilton, 1822) from the South Bali Sea, Indonesia, pp. 49-59 in Zootaxa 3609 (1) on page 50, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3609.1.3, http://zenodo.org/record/283296

Dewi, Kartika, Palm, Harry W. (2013): Two new species of philometrid nematodes (Nematoda: Philometridae) in Epinephelus coioides (Hamilton, 1822) from the South Bali Sea, Indonesia. Zootaxa 3609 (1): 49-59, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3609.1.3

Five new species in the tribe Anthocoptini of the Eriophyidae (Acari: Eriophyoidea) from China are described and illustrated. They are Vittacus shaoguanicus sp. nov. on Carmona retusa (Vahl) Masam. (Boraginaceae), Vittacus cornusis sp. nov. on Cornus officinalis Sieb. et Zucc. (Cornaceae), Aculops buddlejaes sp. nov. on Buddleja lindleyana Fort. (Buddlejaceae ), Aculodes tsukushiensis sp. nov. on Elymus tsukushiensis Honda var. transiens (Hack.) Osad (Poaceae) and Tegolophus spathaceae sp. nov. on Fargesia spathacea Franch. (Poaceae, Bambuseae). All the new species described herein are vagrants on the respective host plant.

Camallanus multilineatus Kung, 1948 Site of infection: stomach. Recruitment: ingestion. Distribution: UK: London Zoo (Baker 1987). No specimens in collections. Remarks: Baker (1987) pointed out that despite numerous parasitological surveys on L. catesbeianus in its native range, this nematode species has never been found there., Published as part of Xue, Xiao-Feng, Song, Zi-Wei & Hong, Xiao-Yue, 2010, Five new species of Anthocoptini from China (Acari: Eriophyidae), pp. 1-53 in Zootaxa 2544 on page 27, DOI: 10.15468/um2vzb, http://zenodo.org/record/5303209, {"references":["Kung, C. C. (1948) On new some species of spirurids from terrestrial vertebrates, with notes on Habronema mansoni, Physaloptera paradoxa, and Hartertia zuluensis. Journal of Helminthology, 22, 141 - 164.","Baker, M. R. (1987) Synopsis of the Nematoda parasitic in amphibians and reptiles. Memorial University of Newfoundland Occasional Papers in Biology, 11, 1 - 325."]}

Camallanus microcephalus (Dujardin) Peltocephalus dumerilianus Schweigger, small intestine, unspecified locality (Diesing 1851)., Published as part of Muniz-Pereira, Luís C., Vieira, Fabiano M. & Luque, José L., 2009, Checklist of helminth parasites of threatened vertebrate species from Brazil, pp. 1-45 in Zootaxa 2123 on page 7, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.188170, {"references":["Diesing, K. M. (1851) Systema Helminthum, Vo l. I I. Wilhelmum Braumuller Vindobonae. 588 pp."]}

Using available records, unpublished information retrieved from the Helminthological Collection of the Oswaldo Cruz Institute (CHIOC) and published reports, a checklist of the recorded helminth parasites of endangered vertebrates from Brazil was generated. A total of 772 records and 186 helminth species (6 Acanthocephala, 83 Nematoda, 23 Cestoda, 64 Trematoda, 10 Monogenea) in 76 host species (7 Actinopterygii, 8 Chondrichthyes, 1 Amphibia, 10 Reptilia, 22 Aves, 28 Mammalia) from Brazil were listed in the present work, including 39 undetermined helminth species and 10 new host records. This is the first compilation of the helminth parasites of threatened vertebrates in Brazil and in the Neotropics.

Procamallanus sp. Intestine. CAMPECHE: El Vapor: Cichlasoma urophthalmus, Petenia splendida, Vieja synspila (148). CHIAPAS: La Angostura: Ictalurus furcatus (148). TABASCO: El Chiribital: Thorichthys meeki (148); El Espino: C. urophthalmus, Thorichthys helleri (141); Santa Anita: P. splendida (141).

Procamallanus (Spirocamallanus) spiralis (Baylis, 1923) Olsen, 1952 Intestine. TABASCO: Chiribital, Loncho: Petenia splendida (127). Note: Species included in Spirocamallanus (127), which is considered as a subgenus of Procamallanus (101). The distribution of this species in Mexico has been questioned(41)., Published as part of Garrido-Olvera, Lorena, García-Prieto, Luis & León, Gerardo Pérez-Ponce De, 2006, Checklist of the adult nematode parasites of fishes in freshwater localities from Mexico, pp. 1-45 in Zootaxa 1201 on page 19, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.273411, {"references":["127. Resendez-Medina, A. & Salvadores, M. L. (1983) Contribucion al conocimiento de la biologia del pejelagarto Lepisosteus tropicus (Gill) y la tenguayaca Petenia splendida Gunther, del Estado de Tabasco. Biotica, 8, 413 - 426.","101. Moravec, F. & Thatcher, V. E. (1997) Procamallanus (Denticamallanus subgen. n.) dentatus n. sp. (Nematoda: Camallanidae) from the characid fish, Bryconops alburnoides in the Brazilian Amazon. Parasite, 4, 239 - 243.","41. Fusco, A. C. & Overstreet, R. M. (1978) Spirocamallanus cricotus sp. n. and S. halitrophus sp. n. (Nematoda: Camallanidea) from fishes in the Northern Gulf of Mexico. Journal of Parasitology, 64, 239 - 244."]}

Procamallanus (Spirocamallanus) rebecae (Andrade­Salas, Pineda­López & García­ Magaña, 1994) Moravec, Vivas­Rodríguez, Scholz, Vargas­Vázquez, Mendoza­ Franco & González­Solís, 1995 (E) Intestine. CAMPECHE: El Vapor: Cichlasoma geddesi, Cichlasoma urophthalmus, Parachromis managuensis, Petenia splendida, Vieja synspila (142), Thorichthys helleri (4, 142); Santa Gertrudis: C. urophthalmus (142); Silvituc: Amphilopus robertsoni, Cichlasoma rectangulare, C. urophthalmus, P. managuensis, P. splendida (142), V. s y n s p i l a (4, 142). MICHOACÁN: El Infiernillo: Cichlsoma istlanum (CNHE 2194). OAXACA: Puente Valle Nacional: Cichlasoma sp.(133). QUINTANA ROO: Azul: Thorichthys meeki, V. synspila (104); Cabañas: C. urophthalmus, T. meeki (104); Guerrero, Noh­Bek: C. urophthalmus (142). TABASCO: Camellones Chontales: Thorichthys pasionis (148); Chiribital: T. meeki (113, 148), T. pasionis, P. splendida (113); El Espino: T. helleri (141, 142), C. urophthalmus (142); El Guanal: P. managuensis, C. urophthalmus (142); El Rosario: T. helleri (40, 148), C. geddesi, Cichlasoma sp., V. synspila, C. urophthalmus, P. splendida (40); Emiliano Zapata: C. rectangulare (126); Jonuta: P. splendida (126); Las Ilusiones: T. helleri, T. pasionis (4, 142), V. s y n s p i l a (43); Muerto (Tacotalpa): T. pasionis (27); Santa Anita: V. synspila (126), P. splendida (142); San Pedro (Balancán): Cichlasoma sp.(126), T. helleri (62); Tucta: C. geddesi, C. urophthalmus, T. helleri, T. pasionis, V. synspila (142). VERACRUZ: Papaloapan (Tlacotalpan): P. splendida (120). YUCATÁN: Chen­há: C. urophthalmus (86, 104); Mitza: C. urophthalmus (142). Note: This species was described as Spirocamallanus rebecae (4, 27, 148); however, Spirocamallanus is considered as a subgenus of Procamallanus (101). Specimens reported as Spirocamallanus pereirai (40, 113, 120, 126) were re­identified as Procamallanus (Spirocamallanus) rebecae from Tabasco(142) and Veracruz (149). Record from Michoacán constitutes unpublished data, not collected during this survey., Published as part of Garrido-Olvera, Lorena, García-Prieto, Luis & León, Gerardo Pérez-Ponce De, 2006, Checklist of the adult nematode parasites of fishes in freshwater localities from Mexico, pp. 1-45 in Zootaxa 1201 on pages 18-19, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.273411, {"references":["142. Salgado-Maldonado, G., Pineda-Lopez, R., Vidal-Martinez, V. M. & Kennedy, C. R. (1997) A checklist of metazoan parasites of cichlid fish from Mexico. Journal of the Helminthological Society of Washington, 64, 195 - 207.","4. Andrade-Salas, O., Pineda-Lopez, R. F. & Garcia-Magana, L. (1994) Spirocamallanus rebecae sp. n. (Nematoda: Camallanidae) from freshwater fishes in South-Eastern Mexico. Folia Parasitologica, 41, 259 - 270.","133. Salgado-Maldonado, G., Aguilar-Aguilar, R., Cabanas-Carranza, G., Soto-Galera, E. & Mendoza-Palmero, C. (2005) Helminth parasites in freshwater fish from the Papaloapan river basin, Mexico. Parasitology Research, 96, 69 - 89.","104. Moravec, F., Vivas-Rodriguez, C., Scholz, T., Vargas-Vazquez, J., Mendoza-Franco, E. & Gonzalez-Solis, D. (1995) Nematodes parasitic in fishes of cenotes (= sinkholes) of the Peninsula of Yucatan, Mexico. Part 1. Adults. Folia Parasitologica, 42, 115 - 129.","148. Vidal-Martinez, V. M. (1995) Processes structuring the helminth communities of native cichlid fishes from Southern Mexico. Ph. D. Thesis, Faculty of Science, University of Exeter, E xeter, U. K., 164 pp.","113. Osorio-Sarabia, D., Pineda-Lopez, R. & Salgado-Maldonado, G. (1987) Fauna helmintologica de peces dulceacuicolas de Tabasco. Estudio preliminar. Universidad y Ciencia, 4, 5 - 31.","141. Salgado-Maldonado, G., Pineda-Lopez, R., Garcia-Magana, L., Lopez-Jimenez, S., Vidal- Martinez, V. M. & Aguirre-Macedo, M. L. (2005) Helmintos parasitos de peces dulceacuicolas. In: Bueno, J., Alvarez, F. & Santiago, S. (Eds.), Biodiversidad del estado de Tabasco. Instituto de Biologia UNAM - CONABIO, Mexico City, pp. 145 - 166.","40. Fucugauchi-Suarez del Real, M. G., Garcia-Magana, L. & Brito-Arjona, B. del R. (1988) Analisis previo de la parasitofauna de peces de la Laguna del Rosario, Huimanguillo, Tabasco. Divulgacion Cientifica, 1, 319 - 335.","126. Pineda-Lopez, R., Carballo-Cruz, V., Fucugauchi-Suarez del Real, M. G. & Garcia-Magana, L. (1985) Metazoarios parasitos de peces de importancia comercial de la Region de los Rios, Tabasco, Mexico. Usumacinta, 1, 197 - 270.","43. Garcia-Magana, L. (1990) Variacion estacional de los helmintos endoparasitos de Cichlasoma synspilum en la Laguna de las Ilusiones, Tabasco, Mexico. B. S. Thesis, Division de Ciencias Basicas (Biologia), Universidad Juarez Autonoma de Tabasco, Villahermosa, Tabasco, Mexico, 123 pp.","27. Contreras-Denis, J. (1997) Analisis de la comunidad de parasitos de Cichlasoma pasionis (Cortin Rojo) en el meandro \" Rio Muerto \", Tacotalpa, Tabasco. B. S. Thesis, Division Academica de Ciencia Biologicas, Universidad Juarez Autonoma de Tabasco, Villahermosa, Tabasco, Mexico, 65 pp.","62. Lopez-Jimenez, S. (2001) Estudio parasitologico de los peces de aguas dulces del estado de Tabasco. Gaceta Regional Sistema de Investigacion del Golfo de Mexico, 3, 8 - 10.","86. Moravec, F., Mendoza-Franco, E., Vargas-Vazquez, J. & Vivas-Rodriguez, C. (1995) Studies on the development of Procamallanus (Spirocamallanus) rebecae (Nematoda: Camallanidae), a parasite of cichlid fishes in Mexico. Folia Parasitologica, 42, 281 - 292.","101. Moravec, F. & Thatcher, V. E. (1997) Procamallanus (Denticamallanus subgen. n.) dentatus n. sp. (Nematoda: Camallanidae) from the characid fish, Bryconops alburnoides in the Brazilian Amazon. Parasite, 4, 239 - 243.","149. Vidal-Martinez, V. M., Aguirre-Macedo, M. L., Scholz, T., Gonzalez-Solis, D. & Mendoza- Franco, E. (2001) Atlas of the helminth parasites of cichlid fish of Mexico. Academia, Praha, 165 pp."]}

Camallanus sp. Intestine. MORELOS: Amacuzac (El Chisco): Ilyodon whitei (14).

Procamallanus (Spirocamallanus) jaliscensis Moravec, Salgado��Maldonado & Caspeta��Mandujano, 2000 (E), Published as part of Garrido-Olvera, Lorena, Garc��a-Prieto, Luis & Le��n, Gerardo P��rez-Ponce De, 2006, Checklist of the adult nematode parasites of fishes in freshwater localities from Mexico, pp. 1-45 in Zootaxa 1201 on page 17, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.273411

Procamallanus (Spirocamallanus) mexicanus Moravec, Salgado��Maldonado & Caspeta��Mandujano, 2000 (E) Intestine. VERACRUZ: Jalapa: Cichlasoma geddesi (93). Note: Host fishes were introduced from unknown localities into small artificial ponds, no longer existing(93)., Published as part of Garrido-Olvera, Lorena, Garc��a-Prieto, Luis & Le��n, Gerardo P��rez-Ponce De, 2006, Checklist of the adult nematode parasites of fishes in freshwater localities from Mexico, pp. 1-45 in Zootaxa 1201 on page 18, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.273411, {"references":["93. Moravec, F., Salgado-Maldonado, G. & Caspeta-Mandujano, J. M. (2000) Three new Procamallanus (Spirocamallanus) species from freshwater fishes in Mexico. Journal of Parasitology, 86, 119 - 127."]}

Procamallanus (Spirocamallanus) neocaballeroi (Caballero­Deloya, 1977) Moravec, Vivas­Rodríguez, Scholz, Vargas­Vázquez, Mendoza­Franco & González­Solís, 1995 (E) Intestine, pyloric caeca. HIDALGO: Acamaluco, Atlapexco, Calabozo, Candelaria, Tecoluco, Tecoluco*: Astyanax mexicanus (136). QUINTANA ROO: Box Toro, Gran Cenote, Kawash: Astyanax fasciatus (104). TABASCO: El Rosario: A. fasciatus (62); Muerto (Tacotalpa): Thorichthys pasionis (27). VERACRUZ: Catemaco: A. fasciatus (9), Bramocharax caballeroi (57, 133), Rhamdia sp.(57), Rhamdia guatemalensis (59, 122, 133). Note: Species recorded as Spirocamallanus neocaballeroi (9, 27, 57, 59,122) and transferred to Procamallanus (Spirocamallanus)(104)., Published as part of Garrido-Olvera, Lorena, García-Prieto, Luis & León, Gerardo Pérez-Ponce De, 2006, Checklist of the adult nematode parasites of fishes in freshwater localities from Mexico, pp. 1-45 in Zootaxa 1201 on page 18, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.273411, {"references":["136. Salgado-Maldonado, G., Cabanas-Carranza, G., Soto-Galera, E., Pineda-Lopez, R., Caspeta- Mandujano, J. M., Aguilar-Castellanos, E. & Mercado-Silva, N. (2004) Helminth parasites of freshwater fishes of the Panuco River Basin, East Central Mexico. Comparative Parasitology, 71, 190 - 202.","104. Moravec, F., Vivas-Rodriguez, C., Scholz, T., Vargas-Vazquez, J., Mendoza-Franco, E. & Gonzalez-Solis, D. (1995) Nematodes parasitic in fishes of cenotes (= sinkholes) of the Peninsula of Yucatan, Mexico. Part 1. Adults. Folia Parasitologica, 42, 115 - 129.","62. Lopez-Jimenez, S. (2001) Estudio parasitologico de los peces de aguas dulces del estado de Tabasco. Gaceta Regional Sistema de Investigacion del Golfo de Mexico, 3, 8 - 10.","27. Contreras-Denis, J. (1997) Analisis de la comunidad de parasitos de Cichlasoma pasionis (Cortin Rojo) en el meandro \" Rio Muerto \", Tacotalpa, Tabasco. B. S. Thesis, Division Academica de Ciencia Biologicas, Universidad Juarez Autonoma de Tabasco, Villahermosa, Tabasco, Mexico, 65 pp.","9. Caballero-Deloya, J. (1977) Estudio helmintologico de los animales silvestres de la Estacion de Biologia Tropical \" Los Tuxtlas \", Veracruz. Nematoda II. Descripcion de Spirocamallanus neocaballeroi sp. nov. (Nematoda: Camallanidae), del intestino de Astyanax fasciatus (Cuvier). In: Villa-Ramirez, B. (Ed.), Excerta Parasitologica en Memoria del Doctor E duardo Caballero y Caballero. Instituto de Biologia, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Mexico City, pp. 409 - 414.","57. Jimenez-Garcia, M. I. (1996) Comunidades de helmintos parasitos de los peces del Lago de Catemaco, Veracruz, Mexico. M. S. Thesis, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Mexico City, 110 pp.","133. Salgado-Maldonado, G., Aguilar-Aguilar, R., Cabanas-Carranza, G., Soto-Galera, E. & Mendoza-Palmero, C. (2005) Helminth parasites in freshwater fish from the Papaloapan river basin, Mexico. Parasitology Research, 96, 69 - 89.","59. Leon-Regagnon, V. (1993) Estructura de las comunidades de helmintos entericos de Rhamdia guatemalensis y Cichlasoma fenestratum (Pisces) del Lago de Catemaco, Veracruz. M. S. Thesis, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Mexico City, 96 pp."]}

Procamallanus (Spirocamallanus) pereirai (Annereaux, 1946) Olsen, 1952 Intestine. MICHOACÁN: El Infiernillo: Atherinella balsana, Ictalurus balsanus, Oreochromis aureus (110). Note: Species included in Spirocamallanus (110), which is considered as a subgenus of Procamallanus (101)., Published as part of Garrido-Olvera, Lorena, García-Prieto, Luis & León, Gerardo Pérez-Ponce De, 2006, Checklist of the adult nematode parasites of fishes in freshwater localities from Mexico, pp. 1-45 in Zootaxa 1201 on page 18, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.273411, {"references":["110. Osorio-Sarabia, D. (1982) Contribucion al estudio parasitologico de las especies de peces nativas e introducidas en la Presa Adolfo Lopez Mateos \" El Infiernillo \". B. S. Thesis, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Mexico City, 194 pp.","101. Moravec, F. & Thatcher, V. E. (1997) Procamallanus (Denticamallanus subgen. n.) dentatus n. sp. (Nematoda: Camallanidae) from the characid fish, Bryconops alburnoides in the Brazilian Amazon. Parasite, 4, 239 - 243."]}

Based on original data gathered from fieldwork during the last years and from previous records from all published accounts, a checklist of the adult nematode parasites of freshwater fishes from Mexico is presented. The checklist is organized as a nematode-host list and comprises taxonomic and geographic distributional information. In total, the checklist includes 70 taxa (50 identified at species level) pertaining to 13 families. These taxa have been collected from 107 freshwater fish taxa in 198 localities along the Mexican Republic. The information we provide herein indicates that sampling effort has been concentrated in Central and South East Mexico, with the Northern region remaining mostly unexplored. The proportion of endemic nematodes is high in the country (74%, i.e., 37 of the 50 taxa identified at species level). The family Rhabdochonidae displays the highest species richness (12 species), and Rhabdochona kidderi is the most widespread nematode species in the country. Cichlids represent the host group with the largest number of samples in Mexico. Finally, we present a list containing new records of larval nematodes from localities in the states of Michoacán, Nayarit, Oaxaca, Tamaulipas and Veracruz.

Campião, Karla Magalhães, Morais, Drausio Honorio, Dias, Olívia Tavares, Aguiar, Aline, Toledo, Gislayne De Melo, Tavares, Luiz Eduardo Roland, Silva, Reinaldo José Da (2014): Checklist of Helminth parasites of Amphibians from South America. Zootaxa 3843 (1): 1-93, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3843.1.1