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6. MISSMARPLE: MIlan Small-SaMple Automated Radiocarbon Preparation LinE for atmospheric aerosol.

Author

Crova, F, Salteri, F, Barone, S, Calzolai, G, Forello, A, Fedi, M, Liccioli, L, Valli, G, Vecchi, R, and Bernardoni, V

Subjects
ACCELERATOR mass spectrometry, ATMOSPHERIC aerosols, AEROSOL sampling, SAMPLING (Process), CARBON isotopes, CARBONACEOUS aerosols
Abstract

Radiocarbon measurements on the carbonaceous aerosol fractions are an effective tool for aerosol source apportionment. For these measurements, a new sample preparation line (MISSMARPLE: MIlan Small-SaMple Automated Radiocarbon Preparation LinE for atmospheric aerosol) was built in Milan (Italy). MISSMARPLE can separate different carbon fractions (i.e. total carbon (TC), elemental carbon (EC)), automates the sample combustion processes and the CO2 isolation in the "combustion line", and was designed to handle small samples, of about 50 μg carbon. The CO2 obtained in the combustion line is then reduced to graphite in the graphitization line for subsequent accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) analysis at the INFN-LABEC in Sesto Fiorentino (Italy). MISSMARPLE was tested for reproducibility of 14C/12C ratio in primary standard samples, for background contamination by the analysis of blank samples (graphite with zero percent Modern Carbon (pMC)), and for accuracy by the analysis of IAEA-C7 for pMC(TC) and NIST RM8785 for pMC(EC) used as secondary standards. Measurements were carried out in different AMS runs. Reproducibility of 14C/12C was within 1.2%; blank values were down to 2.2 ± 0.2 pMC in the latest AMS run, and both IAEA-C7 and NIST RM8785 measurements were within 1σ with the reference value (but for one IAEA-C7 sample within 2.3σ). These results point to MISSMARPLE as a new, valuable tool for aerosol sample preparation for radiocarbon measurements to be exploited not only on traditional 24-h samples but also when small carbon quantities are available (e.g. collected at remote sites or with high temporal resolution). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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8. Intercomparison of 14 C Analysis of Carbonaceous Aerosols: Exercise 2009

Author

Szidat, S, Bench, G, Bernardoni, V, Calzolai, G, Czimczik, C I, Derendorp, L, Dusek, U, Elder, K, Fedi, M E, Genberg, J, Gustafsson, Ö, Kirillova, E, Kondo, M, McNichol, A P, Perron, N, Santos, G M, Stenström, K, Swietlicki, E, Uchida, M, Vecchi, R, Wacker, L, Zhang, Y L, and Prévôt, A S H

Published
2016

28. Classifying aerosol particles through the combination of optical and physical-chemical properties: Results from a wintertime campaign in Rome (Italy)

Author

Valentini, S, Barnaba, F, Bernardoni, V, Calzolai, G, Costabile, F, Di Liberto, L, Forello, A, Gobbi, G, Gualtieri, M, Lucarelli, F, Nava, S, Petralia, E, Valli, G, Wiedensohler, A, Vecchi, R, Valentini S., Barnaba F., Bernardoni V., Calzolai G., Costabile F., Di Liberto L., Forello A. C., Gobbi G. P., Gualtieri M., Lucarelli F., Nava S., Petralia E., Valli G., Wiedensohler A., Vecchi R., Valentini, S, Barnaba, F, Bernardoni, V, Calzolai, G, Costabile, F, Di Liberto, L, Forello, A, Gobbi, G, Gualtieri, M, Lucarelli, F, Nava, S, Petralia, E, Valli, G, Wiedensohler, A, Vecchi, R, Valentini S., Barnaba F., Bernardoni V., Calzolai G., Costabile F., Di Liberto L., Forello A. C., Gobbi G. P., Gualtieri M., Lucarelli F., Nava S., Petralia E., Valli G., Wiedensohler A., and Vecchi R.

Abstract

The “Carbonaceous Aerosol in Rome and Environs” (CARE) experiment took place at a Mediterranean urban background site in Rome (Italy) deploying a variety of instrumentation to assess aerosol physical-chemical and optical properties with high-time resolution (from 1 min to 2 h). In this study, aerosol optical properties, chemical composition, and size distribution data were examined with a focus on the analysis of several intensive optical properties obtained from multi-wavelength measurements of aerosol scattering and absorption coefficients. The spectral behaviour of several quantities related to both aerosol composition and size was explored, analysing their high-time resolved temporal patterns and combining them in order to extract the maximum information from all the available data. A methodology to separate aerosol types using optical data only is here proposed and applied to an urban area characterised by a complex mixture of particles. A key is given to correctly disentangle cases that could not be distinguished observing only one or few parameters, but that can be clearly separated using a suitable ensemble of optical properties. The SSCAAE, i.e. the wavelength dependence of the Single Scattering co-albedo 1-SSA (where SSA is the Single Scattering Albedo) - that efficiently responds to both aerosol size and chemical composition – resulted to be the best optical intensive parameter to look at for the discrimination between episodes characterised by specific aerosol types (e.g. sea salt, Saharan dust) and more mixed conditions dominated by local emissions. However, this study also highlighted that it is necessary to combine temporal patterns of different optical parameters to robustly associate SSCAAE features to specific aerosol types. In addition, the complete chemical speciation and the high-time resolved size distribution were used to confirm the aerosol types identified via a combination of aerosol optical properties. Look-up tables with most suitable ran

Published
2020

31. Case Studies of Source Apportionment and Suggested Measures at Southern European Cities

Author

Amato, F., primary, Lucarelli, F., additional, Nava, S., additional, Calzolai, G., additional, Karanasiou, A., additional, Colombi, C., additional, Gianelle, V. L., additional, Alves, C., additional, Custódio, D., additional, Eleftheriadis, K., additional, Diapouli, E., additional, Reche, C., additional, Alastuey, A., additional, Minguillón, M. C., additional, Severi, M., additional, Becagli, S., additional, Nunes, T., additional, Cerqueira, M., additional, Pio, C., additional, Manousakas, M., additional, Maggos, T., additional, Vratolis, S., additional, Harrison, R. M., additional, and Querol, X., additional

Published
2016
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36. The nationwide dataset of PM chemical speciation of Italy: lighting-up the influence of local geographical differences on urban PM

Author

Pietrodangelo, A., Becagli, S., Bigi, A., Bove, M. C., Brattich, E., Caggiano, R., Calzolai, G., Canepari, S., Cappelletti, D., Cesari, D., Colombi, C., Contini, D., DE GENNARO, G., Ferrero, L., Gianelle, V., Iacobellis, S., Ielpo, P., Lucarelli, F., Masiol, M., Nava, S., Perrino, C., Perrone, M. G., Prati, P., Riccio, A., Tositti, L., Traversi, R., Venturini, E., and Vecchi, R.

Subjects
Settore GEO/08 - Geochimica e Vulcanologia
Published
2020

39. Chemical composition of rainwater under two events of aerosol transport: A Saharan dust outbreak and wildfires

Author

Oduber, F., primary, Calvo, A.I., additional, Castro, A., additional, Blanco-Alegre, C., additional, Alves, C., additional, Barata, J., additional, Nunes, T., additional, Lucarelli, F., additional, Nava, S., additional, Calzolai, G., additional, Cerqueira, M., additional, Martín-Villacorta, J., additional, Esteves, V., additional, and Fraile, R., additional

Published
2020
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40. Classifying aerosol particles through the combination of optical and physical-chemical properties: Results from a wintertime campaign in Rome (Italy)

Author

Valentini, S., primary, Barnaba, F., additional, Bernardoni, V., additional, Calzolai, G., additional, Costabile, F., additional, Di Liberto, L., additional, Forello, A.C., additional, Gobbi, G.P., additional, Gualtieri, M., additional, Lucarelli, F., additional, Nava, S., additional, Petralia, E., additional, Valli, G., additional, Wiedensohler, A., additional, and Vecchi, R., additional

Published
2020
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42. Applications of radiocarbon measurements in environmental studies at INFN-LABEC, Florence

Author

Chiari M., Bernardoni V., Caforio L., Calzolai G., Fedi M., Álvarez-Iglesias P., Nava S., Taccetti F., and Vecchi R.

Subjects
Physics, QC1-999
Abstract

Radiocarbon is one of the most widespread radionuclides in nature. Although it is probably best known for dating in archaeology, in the case of the general public, it represents a useful tracer to study our environment, both in the past and nowadays. For instance, carbonaceous particles, which are in many cases the most abundant among aerosols constituents, are believed to play a major role in both health and climatic effects of aerosols. In particular, measurement of radiocarbon concentration in particulate matter samples can give information on the contributions of the fossil fuels combustion and of natural sources to the carbonaceous fraction in aerosols. These measurements are especially effective when separately performed on different carbonaceous fractions, like elemental and organic carbon (EC and OC, respectively). Past climate is also studied thanks to old archives, as e.g. marine sediments can be. In this case, instead of radiocarbon dating the bulk sediment, a reliable method to fix chronological markers is represented by dating foraminifera tests of CaCO3 picked from different layers in the sediment. Both the aforementioned applications are characterized by the fact that the samples that can be collected for 14C measurements are typically very small, i.e. few mg or less (before any treatment). Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (AMS) is thus the only technique that can be applied to measure radiocarbon in such samples. Anyway, measurements cannot be so straightforward. In the case of the measurement of radiocarbon concentration in aerosol samples, a preparation line especially dedicated to the extraction of only the carbonaceous fraction of interest is mandatory. Actually, this line should include a combustion oven, from which either total carbon or EC and OC can separately evolve, and a system of traps to purify and collect the CO2. In the case of foraminifera tests (inorganic carbon), special care must be taken in the pre-treatment phase: foraminifera can be contaminated by heterogeneous materials, including organic matter too. Pre-treatment should thus remove all the possible contaminations without losing too much mass of the samples. Here we present an overview of the environmental radiocarbon applications the INFN-LABEC laboratory in Florence is involved in. 14C is measured by AMS, using the dedicated beam line installed at the 3 MV Tandem accelerator. In particular, details about the hardware and the experimental procedures are given.

Published
2012
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43. Unusual winter Saharan dust intrusions at Northwest Spain: Air quality, radiative and health impacts

Author

Oduber, F., primary, Calvo, A.I., additional, Blanco-Alegre, C., additional, Castro, A., additional, Nunes, T., additional, Alves, C., additional, Sorribas, M., additional, Fernández-González, D., additional, Vega-Maray, A.M., additional, Valencia-Barrera, R.M., additional, Lucarelli, F., additional, Nava, S., additional, Calzolai, G., additional, Alonso-Blanco, E., additional, Fraile, B., additional, Fialho, P., additional, Coz, E., additional, Prevot, A.S.H., additional, Pont, V., additional, and Fraile, R., additional

Published
2019
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46. AIRUSE-LIFE +: Estimation of natural source contributions to urban ambient air PM10 and PM2. 5 concentrations in southern Europe - Implications to compliance with limit values

Author

Diapouli, E. Manousakas, M.I. Vratolis, S. Vasilatou, V. Pateraki, S. Bairachtari, K.A. Querol, X. Amato, F. Alastuey, A. Karanasiou, A.A. Lucarelli, F. Nava, S. Calzolai, G. Gianelle, V.L. Colombi, C. Alves, C. Custódio, D. Pio, C. Spyrou, C. Kallos, G.B. Eleftheriadis, K.

Subjects
complex mixtures
Abstract

The contribution of natural sources to ambient air particulate matter (PM) concentrations is often not considered; however, it may be significant for certain areas and during specific periods of the year. In the framework of the AIRUSE-LIFE+ project, state-of-the-art methods have been employed for assessing the contribution of major natural sources (African dust, sea salt and forest fires) to PM concentrations, in southern European urban areas. 24h measurements of PM10 and PM2.5 mass and chemical composition were performed over the course of a year in five cities: Porto, Barcelona, Milan, Florence and Athens. Net African dust and sea-salt concentrations were calculated based on the methodologies proposed by the EC (SEC 2011/208). The contribution of uncontrolled forest fires was calculated through receptor modelling. Sensitivity analysis with respect to the calculation of African dust was also performed, in order to identify major parameters affecting the estimated net dust concentrations. African dust contribution to PM concentrations was more pronounced in the eastern Mediterranean, with the mean annual relative contribution to PM10 decreasing from 21% in Athens, to 5% in Florence, and around 2% in Milan, Barcelona and Porto. The respective contribution to PM2. 5 was calculated equal to 14% in Athens and from 1.3 to 2.4% in all other cities. High seasonal variability of contributions was observed, with dust transport events occurring at different periods in the western and eastern Mediterranean basin. Sea salt was mostly related to the coarse mode and also exhibited significant seasonal variability. Sea-salt concentrations were highest in Porto, with average relative contributions equal to 12.3% for PM10. Contributions from uncontrolled forest fires were quantified only for Porto and were low on an annual basis (1.4 and 1.9% to PM10 and PM2. 5, respectively); nevertheless, contributions were greatly increased during events, reaching 20 and 22% of 24h PM10 and PM2. 5 concentrations, respectively. © Author(s) 2017.

Published
2017

48. Ionic composition and metal content of PM10 samples collected along longitudinal and latitudinal transects in the Norwegian and Greenland Seas during the AREX 20111 cruise

Author

Udisti, R, Becagli, S, Calzolai, G, Chiari, M, Frosini, D, Marconi, M, Severi, M, Traversi, R, Walczowski, W, Zanini, R, Zielinski, R., BOLZACCHINI, EZIO, FERRERO, LUCA, PERRONE, MARIA GRAZIA, SANGIORGI, GIORGIA MAURA LUISA, Udisti, R, Becagli, S, Bolzacchini, E, Calzolai, G, Chiari, M, Ferrero, L, Frosini, D, Marconi, M, Perrone, M, Sangiorgi, G, Severi, M, Traversi, R, Walczowski, W, Zanini, R, and Zielinski, R

Subjects
CHIM/12 - CHIMICA DELL'AMBIENTE E DEI BENI CULTURALI, arctic aerosol, on-ship measurement, biogenic emissions, heavy metals
Published
2013

49. Climate and Environment

Author

Udisti, R, Becagli, S, Frosini, D, Ghedini, C, Rugi, F, Severi, M, Traversi, R, Zanini, R, Calzolai, G, Chiari, M, Lucarelli, F, Nava, S, Ardini, F, Grotti, M, Vione, D, Malandrino, M, BOLZACCHINI, EZIO, FERRERO, LUCA, PERRONE, MARIA GRAZIA, SANGIORGI, GIORGIA MAURA LUISA, Francesconi, S, Giannarelli, S, Cappelletti, D, Moroni, B, Ceccato, D, Mittner, P, Sartori, P., Ciciotti, T, Braico, P, Liberatori, E, Mazari Villanova, L, Sparapani, R, Udisti, R, Becagli, S, Frosini, D, Ghedini, C, Rugi, F, Severi, M, Traversi, R, Zanini, R, Calzolai, G, Chiari, M, Lucarelli, F, Nava, S, Ardini, F, Grotti, M, Vione, D, Malandrino, M, Bolzacchini, E, Ferrero, L, Perrone, M, Sangiorgi, G, Francesconi, S, Giannarelli, S, Cappelletti, D, Moroni, B, Ceccato, D, Mittner, P, and Sartori, P

Subjects
CHIM/12 - CHIMICA DELL'AMBIENTE E DEI BENI CULTURALI, Ny-Alesund, Aerosol sampling, vertical profiles, tethered balloon, SEM-EDS measurements
Abstract

The proceedings contain 36 papers. The topics discussed include: real time monitoring of urban particulate matter on a mobile platform; aspects about air pollution prediction on urban environment; water pollution detection; Raman probe of pollutants in water: measurement process; sensor network for environment monitoring: water quality case study; the use of a multiwavelength lidar to detect aerosol layers in the atmosphere; an artificial neural network approach to investigate cavitating flow regime at different temperatures; spectral characterization of solar cells for indoor wireless sensor nodes; microscale dielectric barrier discharge plasma actuators: experimental characterization; evaluation of the relation between building materials and indoor radon pollution; and a smart robotic arm for automatic sorting of objects with different tags.

Published
2013

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