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Cultural beliefs on healthcare management is facing rapid disappearance. Hence, this study was carried out to describe the dynamics of folk healing in Partido District, Camarines Sur, Philippines, and document their beliefs on illnesses, aetiologies, diagnoses, and therapeutics. The study used mixed method following convergent parallel design. The quantitative and qualitative data were collected through interviews to 100 folk healers and were analysed through descriptive statistics and content analysis. The study found that there are 10 types of folk healing practices that are treating 10 distinct folk illnesses. These diseases are generally classified as naturalistic and personalistic in terms of aetiology and are diagnosed and treated through a variety of cultural, spiritual, and ritual procedures. In addition, the practice of ethnobotany is evident among the Albularyos. The study suggests that the study area has rich intangible resources on healthcare management that demands appreciation, documentation, and inclusion. Keywords: folk healing, ethnomedicine, aetiology, traditional medicine, health and culture

Jeepney occupies not only the streets of the country but also the culture, identity, and values of the Filipino. Aside from it depicts as the “King of the Road” and the “moving icon of the Philippine culture,” it also reflects Filipino’s ingenuity, creativity, craftsmanship, and entrepreneurship. However, these symbolisms and functions are being challenged by modernization and globalization. Is the phase-out of jeepney possible? This paper analyzed the case of a route in Camarines Sur in which jeepneys had faced an unfortunate fate of death. Many factors cause the demise of the jeep, one of which is the entrance of motorcycle taxies or locally known as the “door-to-door.” The case may reflect the conditions of the transport sector in the rural places in the country or may reflect unilinear outcomes of the transport vehicle.

This paper is a systematic review of the theories distilled from the contemporary literatures on rural poverty in the Philippines. There are five sociological theories which explains the rural poverty in the country: individual attributes, culture, and religious beliefs; access and entitlements; political and economic situation; social circumstances; and unpredicted shocks. Accordingly, rural poverty is still individual phenomena affected by wider economic, political and societal circumstances that lead the rural poor to greater inequality.Using the framework developed from five theories, it is essential that the government and development planners to consider foremost individual attributes while considering their culture and beliefs. They also must ensure the access to essential resources, institutionalized favorable political and economic environment that will benefit them, promote equality, and provide safety nets to lessen the vulnerability to unpredicted shocks., {"references":["Alkire, S., & Foster, J. (2011). Understandings and misunderstandings of multidimensional poverty measurement. J Econ Inequa, 9, 289–314. doi:10.1007/s10888-011-9181-4","Asian Development Bank (ADB). (2009). Poverty in the Philippines: Causes, Constraints, and opportunities. Mandaluyung City, Philippines: ADB.","Austin, M. J. (2007). Understanding poverty. Journal of Human Behavior in the Social Environment, 16(1-2), 1-4. doi:10.1300/J137v16n01_01","Balisacan, A. M. (2001). Poverty in the Philippines : An Update and Reexamination. Philippine Review of Economics, 38(1), 15-52.","Balisacan, A., & Fuwa, N. (2004). Going beyond crosscountry averages: Growth, Inequality and Poverty Reduction in the Philippines. World Development, 32(11), 1891–1907. doi:10.1016/j.worlddev.2004.05.010","Bayudan-Dacuycuy, C., & Lim, J. (2013). Family size, household shocks and chronic and transient poverty in the Philippines. Journal of Asian Economic, 29, 101-112. doi:10.1016/j.asieco.2013.10.001","Borras Jr, S. M., Carranza, D., & Franco, J. C. (2007). Anti-poverty or anti-poor? The World Bank's market-led agrarian reform experiment in the Philippines. Third World Quarterly, 28(8), 1557-1576. doi:10.1080/01436590701637409","Bourguignon, F., & Chakvavarty, S. (2003, April). The measurement of multidimensioanl poverty. Journal of Economic Inequality, 1(1), 25-49. doi:10.1023/A:1023913831342","Bradshaw, T. (2007). Theories of Poverty and Anti-Poverty Programs in Community Development. Community Development, 38(1), 7-25. doi:10.1080/15575330709490182"]}

The literature on the concept and measurement of poverty has significantly improved from the traditional unidimensional (income/expenditure) analysis to the multidimensional concept of poverty and well-being. Following the Multidimensional Poverty Assessment Tool (MPAT), the study explored the potential of combining counting and participatory approaches in determining levels of deprivations and well-being in an upland farming community in the Philippines. Data from a random sample of 153 farming households and analyzed following Alkire and the Foster’s methodology revealed that 3 out of 4 households are multidimensionally poor. Results of the study also show that farming households’ ability to generate farm- and non-farm income in addition to the high degree of exposure to idiosyncratic and covariate shocks contribute to the high multidimensional poverty index. Further, the study presents implications of these results for antipoverty policy in the rural context.