94 results on '"Calvo MV"'
Search Results
2. Análisis de la distribución espacial de Cydia pomonella (L.) en el sur de Uruguay utilizando herramientas geoestadísticas
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Calvo, MV, Duarte, F, Borges, A, and Scatoni, IB
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Lepidoptera ,semivariogram ,codling moth ,Tortricidae ,pest maps ,semivariograma ,Carpocapsa ,mapa de plagas - Abstract
Summary: Geostatistics can support pest management by analyzing the spatial distribution of a pest at a local or regional level. Therefore, specific site pest control can be performed based on accurate spatio-temporal information. Cydia pomonella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), the most serious apple and pear pest, requires several insecticide applications to reduce injury to acceptable levels. The aim of this research was to study the temporal and spatial variation in distribution and abundance of C. pomonella in the main fruit-growing area of Uruguay. From 2007 to 2009, approximately 120 pheromone traps per year were installed in apple and pear orchards distributed over 50,000 ha, and georeferenced. Male adult captures were registered weekly from October to March. Spatial analysis of the captures was done, obtaining semivariograms for the accumulated captures analyzed by generation and by growing season. Maps were constructed based on significant models obtained, where the population level of the pest was estimated using ordinary kriging. The correlation range estimated was from 1720 to 2690 m. Hot spots of high population level and some areas with comparatively low populations were constant over the 2-year period. Resumen: La geoestadística puede ser utilizada como una herramienta para el manejo de plagas mediante el análisis de la distribución espacial de una plaga tanto a nivel local como regional. Por lo tanto, el control de plagas en un sitio específico se puede lograr en base a información espacio temporal. Cydia pomonella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), la plaga de manzanas y peras más importante, requiere de varias aplicaciones de insecticidas para reducir los daños a niveles aceptables. El objetivo de esta investigación fue estudiar la variación temporal y espacial de la distribución y abundancia de C. pomonella en la principal área frutícola de Uruguay. Desde 2007 a 2009, se instalaron y georeferenciaron aproximadamente 120 trampas de feromonas por año en montes de manzanos y perales distribuidos en más de 50.000 ha. Las capturas de adultos machos se registraron semanalmente de octubre a marzo. Se realizó un análisis espacial de las capturas, obteniéndose semivariogramas para las capturas acumuladas analizadas por generación y por temporada. Los mapas se construyeron sobre la base de los modelos significativos obtenidos, donde el nivel de población de la plaga se estimó utilizando un kriging ordinario. El rango de correlación estimado fue de 1720 a 2690 m. Las zonas de mayores densidades poblacionales y algunas áreas con poblaciones comparativamente bajas fueron constantes durante el período de dos años de estudio. more...
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- 2018
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3. Therapeutic drug monitoring of tumour necrosis factor inhibitors in the management of chronic inflammatory diseases
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Sanchez-Hernandez, JG, primary, Rebollo, N, additional, Munoz, F, additional, Martin-Suarez, A, additional, and Calvo, MV, additional
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- 2018
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4. 4CPS-264 Population pharmacokinetic model of etanercept in rheumatic disease: prognostic factors and dose recommendations
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Sanchez-Hernandez, JG, primary, Pérez-Blanco, JS, additional, Beunza-Sola, M, additional, Rebollo-Diaz, N, additional, Saez-Fernandez, EM, additional, Laso-Lucas, E, additional, Rodriguez-Cajaraville, L, additional, and Calvo, MV, additional more...
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- 2018
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5. PKP-033 Analysis of a design to detect triple whammy in patients with digoxin therapy
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García, MDP, primary, Sánchez, JG, additional, Laso, E, additional, Aparicio, MA, additional, and Calvo, MV, additional
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- 2016
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6. Time-dependent pharmacokinetics of cyclosporine (NEORAL) in de novo renal transplant patients.
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Lukas JC, Suárez AM, Valverde MP, Calvo MV, Lanao JM, Calvo R, Suarez E, and Gil AD
- Abstract
PURPOSE: A model for the large scale temporal trend in the oral bioavailability of microemulsion cyclosporine (Neoral) (CsA) is established, with dependence on post-(renal) transplantation day (PTD). METHODS: Twenty de novo adult renal transplant recipients were monitored for CsA administered orally q12 h. A model development group (11 patients, 315 blood concentration samples) was screened at 2 h (C(2); n = 92), 3 h (C(3); n = 56) and at predose troughs (C(min); n = 167) over periods of up to 75 days. The final model was tested in nine patients with C(min) (n = 580) monitored across 4-5 years. The doses varied between 100 and 538 mg with an apparent hyperbolic trend in C(2)/dose vs. PTD. A nonlinear mixed effects modelling (NONMEM) approach was used to obtain population and individual patient one-compartment pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters for oral CsA, which carry implicit the bioavailability (F). RESULTS: In the final PK model (PK-f) the F was modelled via a simple function for the temporal (days) trend of the bioavailability after transplantation as, F(f) = 1-alpha * exp(-lambda * PTD) resulting in a 28% reduction in the unexplained intra-individual variability. The population PK-f parameters were, for apparent clearance [mean, 95% confidence interval (interindividual CV%)] Cl/F(f) = 17.0 (13.8-20.2) L/h (27%), apparent central compartment volume of distribution, V/F(f) = 134 L (108-160) (28%), and lambda = 0.037/day (0.005-0.069) (120%). The absorption rate k(a) and the parameter alpha were approximated iteratively as 4/h and 0.62 respectively. The PK-f was structurally superior to the base model in explaining part of the within subject (occasion) variability and predicting the exposure surrogates C(2) and C(3). Also, the PK-f was better than the base model with Bayesian fitting of individual profiles in that group. CONCLUSION: The PTD-dependent relative bioavailability model provides a rational means of steering dose titration of CsA in de novo renal transplantation patients by removing the large scale PK adjustment signal, either through nomograms or as a Bayesian prior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2005
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7. Population pharmacokinetics of amikacin in patients with haematological malignancies.
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Romano, S, de Gatta, MMF, Calvo, MV, Caballero, D, Dominguez-Gil, A, Lanao, JM, Fdez de Gatta, M M, Calvo, M V, and Lanao, J M
- Abstract
The aim of this study was to analyse the pharmacokinetic behaviour of amikacin in patients with haematological malignancies using a mixed-effect model and sparse data collected during routine clinical care. The patient population comprised 207 haematology patients divided into two groups: one for computing the population model (n = 134) and the other for validation (n = 73). A one-compartment model was used and the following covariates were tested for their influence on clearance and volume of distribution: age, gender, weight, parenteral nutrition, creatinine clearance, stage of antineoplastic treatment (induction, consolidation, intensification),, number of weeks postchemotherapy, clinical diagnosis, Eastern Cooperative Oncology group score, neutropenia, hypoalbuminaemia, concomitant medication (vancomycin and/or amphotericin B), overhydration, and autologous or allogenic bone marrow transplant. The non-linear mixed-effect model (NONMEM) was used to assess the population pharmacokinetic model of amikacin in these patients. Apart from bodyweight and renal function, acute myeloblastic leukaemia and hypoalbuminaemia proved to be the most important covariates explaining the interindividual variability in amikacin pharmacokinetics in patients with haematological malignancies. The predictive performance of this population model for amikacin serum concentrations seems suitable for clinical purposes. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER] more...
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- 1999
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8. Pharmacokinetics of amikacin in intensive care unit patients.
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Fernández de Gatta MM, Mendez ME, Romano S, Calvo MV, Dominguez-Gil A, and Lanao JM
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- 1996
9. 4CPS-264 Population pharmacokinetic model of etanercept in rheumatic disease: prognostic factors and dose recommendations
- Author
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Sanchez-Hernandez, JG, Pérez-Blanco, JS, Beunza-Sola, M, Rebollo-Diaz, N, Saez-Fernandez, EM, Laso-Lucas, E, Rodriguez-Cajaraville, L, and Calvo, MV
- Abstract
BackgroundEtanercept is an approved monoclonal antibody for the treatment of rheumatic disease (RD). Individual clinical response to etanercept can be influenced by their pharmacokinetics (PK) and immunogenicity, so therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) can guide these biologic treatments.PurposeDevelop a population pharmacokinetic (popPK) model of etanercept in patients with RD and explore the clinical relevance of covariates which affect significantly the PK of this drug.Material and methodsA prospective study of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and psoriatic arthritis (PS) treated with etanercept and TDM from October 2015 until December 2016 was conducted.Serum etanercept trough levels (SETLs) and anti-drug antibodies (ADA) in steady state were measured by Elisa (Promonitor®).The popPK analysis was performed using a non-linear mixed effects modelling approach (NONMEM 7.2).Clinical information was collected from the patients’ medical records and evaluated as a prognostic factor of the PK: sex, age, weight and inflammatory markers (serum albumin (ALB), protein C-reactive (PCR) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)).ResultsThirty-two Caucasian patients (63.3% females) were included with a median age of 53 years (range: 18–75) diagnosed with RA (n=15), AS (n=9) and PS (n=8).A total of 42 SETLs were quantified with a mean of 1.29 mcg/mL (±1.1 mcg/mL). No ADA was found in any patient.One open-compartment model with first order absorption and elimination was selected to describe the PK of Etanercept.1The PK estimates (V=5.46 L, CL=0.046 L/h) were similar to previous information, except for a reduced CL in the Chinese population.1,2ALB and PCR were identified for the first time as prognostic factors of CL according to the equation: CL=0.05x(ALB/4.24)-1. 99x(PCR/0.50)0.13(ALB in g/dL, PCR in mg/dL).1,2,3Pharmacokinetic-adjusted doses aimed to reach SETLs in therapeutics range (1.5–4 mcg/mL) were: 50 mg/4 days if ALB <4 g/dL and/or PCR >2 mg/dL, 50 mg/7 days (4 g/dL≤ALB<4.7 and PCR ≤2 mg/dL), 50 mg/10 days (4.7 g/dL≤ALB<5.5 g/dL and PCR ≤0.2 mg/dL) and 50 mg/14 days (ALB ≥5.5 g/dL and PCR ≤0.02 mg/dL).ConclusionA population pharmacokinetic model of etanercept in patients diagnosed with rheumatic disease has been successfully developed and evaluated. Albumin and PCR have been identified as significant prognostic factors in the clearance of etanercept, which can be useful for dose adjustment in this treatment.References and/or Acknowledgements1. Zou, et al. 2011.2. Li L, et al. 2014.3. Lee, et al. 2003. No conflict of interest more...
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- 2018
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10. Development of three biofuel CRMs for the quality parameters in biodiesel and wood pellet via a joint research project.
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Isleyen A, Özcan K, Tunc M, Boztepe A, Coşkun FG, Moshammer K, Shehab M, Stratulat C, Bratu A, Hafner-Vuk K, Vogl J, Strzelec M, Calvo MV, Frey AM, and Strauss H
- Abstract
Biomass is a key element in biofuels which can be defined as a fuel produced through contemporary biological processes, and its increased use can support the EU's aims of reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Information on the nature and the quality of the biomass or biofuel is important in order to support the optimization of their combustion with respect to realizing higher efficiencies and lower emissions during energy production. Three reference materials were produced by a collaborative approach among national metrology institutes and designated institutes within the scope of the EMPIR project: BIOFMET. The project was aimed to establish advanced traceable measurement standards for the determination of the calorific value, impurities, and other parameters such as density, kinematic viscosity, moisture, and ash. This paper presents the sampling and processing methodology, homogeneity, stability, characterization campaign, the assignment of property values, and their associated uncertainties in compliance with ISO 17034 for biofuel reference materials: biodiesel, wood pellet powder, and wood pellet. Parameters of interest in biodiesel reference material-UME BIOFMET CRM 01 are gross calorific value (GCV), density, viscosity, and mass fractions of Ca, K, Mg, Na, P, and S elements. Parameters to be certified in wood pellet powder reference material-UME BIOFMET CRM 02 are GCV, moisture, ash, and mass fractions of Al, Cr, K, Mg, Mn, Ni, S, and Zn elements. Parameters to be certified in the wood pellet reference material-UME BIOFMET CRM 03 are GCV and moisture. The homogeneity and stability of the materials were assessed in accordance with ISO 33405. The materials were characterized by interlaboratory comparison studies among competent metrology institute and designated institute laboratories. Assigned values and uncertainties of the certified values were calculated in accordance with ISO 33405, and uncertainties include characterization, homogeneity, and stability components. The developed CRMs are intended to be used for the development and validation of measurement procedures for the determination and quality control/assurance purposes of the quality parameters for biofuels. It should be emphasized that the UME BIOFMET CRM 01-Biodiesel CRM is the first biodiesel reference material certified for calorific value. Among the developed wood CRMs, the pellet form, UME BIOFMET CRM 03, was found to be more stable than the powder one, UME BIOFMET CRM 02, for the moisture parameter. Sixfold lower relative uncertainty value for short-term stability at 45 °C and twofold lower relative uncertainty value for long-term stability at 22 °C were obtained for the moisture parameter of the CRM in pellet form compared to the CRM in powder form., Competing Interests: Declarations. Conflict of interest: The authors declare no competing interests., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH, DE part of Springer Nature.) more...
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- 2024
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11. The Role of Food Matrices Supplemented with Milk Fat Globule Membrane in the Bioaccessibility of Lipid Components and Adaptation of Cellular Lipid Metabolism of Caco-2 Cells.
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Martínez-Sánchez V, Calvo MV, Fontecha J, and Pérez-Gálvez A
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- Humans, Caco-2 Cells, Buttermilk, Lipids chemistry, Dietary Supplements, Biological Availability, Lipid Droplets, Glycolipids, Glycoproteins, Lipid Metabolism, Digestion
- Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the digestive efficiency of food matrices supplemented with milk fat globule membrane isolated from buttermilk (BM-MFGM), using the INFOGEST in vitro digestion protocol hyphenated with the assessment of the digested material on the lipid profile of the Caco-2 cell culture model. First, we examined lipid profiles in food matrices supplemented with BM-MFGM and their subsequent digestion. The results showed distinct lipid profiles in different food matrices and micellar fractions. The presence of BM-MFGM lipids changed the cellular lipid profiles in Caco-2 cell cultures, with diverging contents in cholesteryl esters, triacylglycerides, and neutral lipids depending on the micellar food matrix factor. Hierarchical clustering analysis revealed patterns in cellular lipid responses to micellar stimuli, while volcano plots highlighted significant changes in cellular lipid profiles post-treatment. Thus, this study underscores the importance of in vitro digestion protocols in guiding food matrix selection for bioactive ingredient supplementation, elucidating intestinal epithelium responses to digested food stimuli. more...
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- 2024
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12. Milk fat globule membrane and its polar lipids: reviewing preclinical and clinical trials on cognition.
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Luque-Uría Á, Calvo MV, Visioli F, and Fontecha J
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- Humans, Animals, Lipids chemistry, Glycolipids chemistry, Lipid Droplets chemistry, Glycoproteins chemistry, Cognition drug effects
- Abstract
In most parts of the world, life expectancy is increasing thanks to improved healthcare, public health policies, nutrition, and treatment. This increase in lifespan is often not accompanied by an increase in health span, which severely affects people as they age. One notable consequence of this is the increasing prevalence of neurodegenerative diseases such as mild cognitive impairment, dementia, and Alzheimer's disease. Therefore, dietary and pharmaceutical measures must be taken to reduce the burden of such pathologies. Among the different types of nutrients found in the diet, lipids and especially polar lipids are very important for cognition due to their abundance in the brain. Amid the most studied sources of polar lipids, milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) stands out as it is abundant in industrial by-products such as buttermilk. In this narrative review, we discuss the latest, i.e. less than five years old, scientific evidence on the use of MFGM and its polar lipids in cognitive neurodevelopment in early life and their potential effect in preventing neurodegeneration in old age. We conclude that MFGM is an interesting, abundant and exploitable source of relatively inexpensive bioactive molecules that could be properly formulated and utilized in the areas of neurodevelopment and cognitive decline. Sufficiently large randomized controlled trials are required before health-related statements can be made. However, research in this area is progressing rapidly and the evidence gathered points to biological, health-promoting effects. more...
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- 2024
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13. Characterization of the invasive macroalgae Rugulopteryx Okamurae for potential biomass valorisation.
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Cebrián-Lloret V, Cartan-Moya S, Martínez-Sanz M, Gómez-Cortés P, Calvo MV, López-Rubio A, and Martínez-Abad A
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- Biomass, Fatty Acids metabolism, Proteins metabolism, Seaweed chemistry, Phaeophyceae
- Abstract
This study aimed to examine the composition and properties of the invasive macroalgae R. okamurae and explore potential applications. The results showed that the seaweed biomass is mainly composed of structural carbohydrates, with alginate being the main constituent, accounting for 32 % of its total composition and with a mannuronic and guluronic acid ratio (M/G) ratio of 0.93. It also has a relatively high concentration of fucose, related to the presence of fucoidans that have important biological functions. Among the mineral contents, a high magnesium and calcium (7107 and 5504 mg/kg) concentration, and the presence of heavy metals above legislated thresholds, were notable. R. okamurae also contained a high lipid content of 17 %, mainly composed of saturated fatty acids, but with a significant fraction of n3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (18 %) resulting in a low n6/n3 ratio (0.31), that has health benefits. The protein content of R. okamurae was 12 %, with high-quality proteins, as essential amino acids (mainly leucine, phenylalanine and valine) constitute 32 % of the total amino acids. It also showed a high polyphenol content and outstanding antioxidant properties (106.88 mg TE/g). Based on these findings, R. okamurae has significant potential as a sustainable source of bioactive compounds that can add value to different sectors, including food, feed, pharmaceuticals and cosmetics., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.) more...
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- 2024
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14. Discrepancies in Electronic Medical Prescriptions Found in a Hospital Emergency Department: A Prospective Observational Study.
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García González D, Teixeira-da-Silva P, Salvador Sánchez JJ, Sánchez Serrano JÁ, Calvo MV, and Martín-Suárez A
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The medication in an electronic prescribing system (EPS) does not always match the patient's actual medication. This prospective study analyzes the discrepancies (any inconsistency) between medication prescribed using an EPS and the medication revised by the clinical pharmacist upon admission to the observation area of the emergency department (ED). Adult patients with multimorbidity and/or polypharmacy were included. The pharmacist used multiple sources to obtain the revised medication list, including patient/carer interviews. A total of 1654 discrepancies were identified among 1131 patients. Of these patients, 64.5% had ≥1 discrepancy. The most common types of discrepancy were differences in posology (43.6%), commission (34.7%), and omission (20.9%). Analgesics (11.1%), psycholeptics (10.0%), and diuretics (8.9%) were the most affected. Furthermore, 52.5% of discrepancies affected medication that was high-alert for patients with chronic illnesses and 42.0% of medication involved withdrawal syndromes. Discrepancies increased with the number of drugs (ρ = 0.44, p < 0.01) and there was a difference between non-polypharmacy patients, polypharmacy ones and those with extreme polypharmacy ( p < 0.01). Those aged over 75 years had a higher number of prescribed medications and discrepancies occurred more frequently compared with younger patients. The number of discrepancies was larger in women than in men. The EPS medication record requires verification from additional sources, including patient and/or carer interviews., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest. more...
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- 2024
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15. Medication delivery errors in outpatients with percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy: effect on tube feeding replacement.
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García González D, Martín-Suárez A, Salvador Sánchez JJ, Sánchez Serrano JÁ, and Calvo MV
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- Adult, Humans, Outpatients, Retrospective Studies, Omeprazole, Enteral Nutrition adverse effects, Gastrostomy adverse effects
- Abstract
Patients with enteral access usually receive oral drugs via feeding tubes and correct drug administration remains a challenge. The aim of this study was to identify common medication delivery errors (MDEs) in outpatients with percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) and evaluate their association with the need for tube replacement due to deterioration or clogging. A 2-year retrospective study that comprised adult outpatients with a placed/replaced PEG tube and whose electronic medical record included home medication was carried out. Treatment with medication that should not be crushed and administered through an enteral feeding tube was considered an MDE. We included 269 patients and 213 MDEs (20% of oral prescriptions) were detected in 159. Ninety-two percent of the medications associated with MDEs could be substituted by appropriate formulations. Tube replacement due to obstruction was needed in 85 patients. MDEs were associated with increased risk for tube replacement (OR 2.17; 95% CI 1.10-4.27). Omeprazole enteric-coated capsules were associated with the greatest risk (OR 2.24; 95% CI 1.01-4.93). PEG outpatients are highly exposed to MDEs, leading to a significant increase in the odds of tube replacement, mainly when treated with omeprazole. The use of appropriate alternative therapies would prevent unnecessary adverse events., (© 2023. The Author(s).) more...
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- 2023
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16. Associations of Dietary Intake and Nutrient Status with Micronutrient and Lipid Composition in Breast Milk of Donor Women.
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Ureta-Velasco N, Montealegre-Pomar A, Keller K, Escuder-Vieco D, Fontecha J, Calvo MV, Megino-Tello J, Serrano JCE, García-Lara NR, and Pallás-Alonso CR
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- Female, Humans, Milk, Human, Micronutrients, Eating, Fatty Acids, Docosahexaenoic Acids, Nutrients, Fatty Acids, Omega-3, Trace Elements
- Abstract
The influence of the diet and nutritional status of milk donors on the nutritional composition of donor human milk (DHM) is unknown. The present study aimed to determine the nutritional profile of DHM and the associations between donors' dietary intake and nutritional status and the micronutrient and lipid composition in DHM. For this purpose, 113 donors completed a food frequency questionnaire, provided a five-day weighed dietary record, and collected milk for five consecutive days. Nutrient determinations in donors' erythrocytes, plasma, urine, and milk were performed. Multiple linear regressions were conducted for the evaluation of the associations. We highlight the following results: DHM docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) was positively associated with donors' plasma DHA content and donors' DHA intake (R
2 0.45, p < 0.001). For every 1 g/day DHA intake, an increase of 0.38% in DHA content and 0.78% in total omega-3 content was observed in DHM (R2 0.29, p < 0.001). DHM saturated fatty acids were positively associated with erythrocyte dimethyl acetals, plasma stearic acid, trans fatty acids intake, and breastfeeding duration and negatively associated with erythrocyte margaroleic acid (R2 0.34, p < 0.01). DHM cholecalciferol was associated with plasma cholecalciferol levels and dairy intake (R2 0.57, p < 0.01). Other weaker associations were found for free thiamin, free riboflavin, pyridoxal, dehydroascorbic acid, and the lipid profile in DHM. In conclusion, the diet and nutritional status of donors influence the fatty acid profile and micronutrient content of DHM. more...- Published
- 2023
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17. Reduction of Beta Cyclodextrin by Curd Washing in Low-Cholesterol Manchego Cheese.
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Alonso L, Calvo MV, and Fontecha J
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- Animals, Sheep, Female, Food Handling, Milk chemistry, Cholesterol analysis, Cheese analysis, beta-Cyclodextrins analysis
- Abstract
Beta-cyclodextrin (β-CD) is a cyclic oligosaccharide consisting of seven glucose units. β-CD is increasingly used in food research to reduce cholesterol due to its affinity for non-polar molecules such as cholesterol and as a natural additive. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of curd washing in ewe's milk cheese on the reduction in cholesterol by β-CD from pasteurized ewe's milk Manchego cheese and the characteristics of its main components: milk, lipids, and flavor. An approximately 98.45% cholesterol reduction was observed in washed experimental cheeses that were treated by using β-CD. The remaining residual β-CD from the effect of curd washing was 0.15% in mature cheese, of the initial 1% β-CD treatment of the milk. The chemical properties (fat, moisture, and protein) did not change as a result of the curd washing with or without β-CD. The curd washing with or without β-CD on the levels of the various lipid fraction (fatty acids, triglycerides, and phospholipids) were comparable in treated and untreated cheeses. The effects of curd washing and the β-CD treatment did not significantly affect flavor components or short chain free fatty acids. The β-CD molecules were edible and nontoxic; as a result, they could be used safely in cholesterol removal processing in cheese manufacturing, improving the reduction in residual β-CD by curd washing by 85%. Therefore, the present study suggests that curd washing combined with β-CD is an effective process for cholesterol removal in Manchego cheese, preserving its desirable properties. more...
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- 2023
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18. Food matrix impacts bioaccessibility and assimilation of acid whey-derived milk fat globule membrane lipids in Caco-2 cells.
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Kosmerl E, Martínez-Sánchez V, Calvo MV, Jiménez-Flores R, Fontecha J, and Pérez-Gálvez A
- Abstract
The milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) imparts human health benefits ranging from improved immune system, gut, and brain function to improved cardiometabolic health. The industry's growing interest in introducing MFGM-enriched foods requires scientific evidence that the benefits derived from this compound are not affected by the formulation or processes that may alter its function, such as the digestion process. In this study, the impact of food matrices and supplementation levels on the bioaccessibility and assimilation of MFGM lipids in cell culture was investigated. Three food matrices including a protein-rich jelly, carbohydrate-rich cookie, and a carbohydrate- and fat-rich cookie with sunflower oil (SF-cookie) were supplemented with an MFGM ingredient derived from cottage cheese acid whey at 2, 5, and 10% (w/w). Each formulation underwent simulated digestion consisting of oral, gastric, and intestinal phases, and the micellar fraction was collected for both analysis and lipid assimilation in Caco-2 intestinal cells. The micellar fractions were diluted and applied to the cells for 4 h. A lipidomic approach was used to assess the lipid profiles of micellar fractions and intestinal cells. The micelles from digested jellies, cookies, and SF-cookies containing MFGM showed a distinct separation using partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA). Both correlation loadings and variable importance in projection (VIP) scores demonstrated a tendency of MFGM polar lipids (ceramides, glucosylceramides) for micelles from digested jelly, whereas micelles from digested cookies were associated with MFGM neutral lipids (free fatty acids, cholesterol, etc.). The effect of supplementation level on the micellar lipid profiles reinforced this pattern. The lipid profiles of intestinal cells after incubation with the micellar fractions differed considerably from the corresponding micellar lipid profiles. Specifically, the SF-cookie-treated cells were associated with a greater abundance of PUFA relative to jelly- and cookie-treated cells; however, increasing MFGM supplementation showed irregular patterns and rearrangement of cellular lipid profiles, suggesting the cells' role in regulating lipid metabolism in response to nutritional stimuli. The nature of lipid micellarization and assimilation in intestinal cells from MFGM-containing food formulations echoes the complexity of lipids inherent to the MFGM itself, suggesting the need for application-based MFGM supplementation., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2023 Kosmerl, Martínez-Sánchez, Calvo, Jiménez-Flores, Fontecha and Pérez-Gálvez.) more...
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- 2023
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19. Human Milk Composition and Nutritional Status of Omnivore Human Milk Donors Compared with Vegetarian/Vegan Lactating Mothers.
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Ureta-Velasco N, Keller K, Escuder-Vieco D, Fontecha J, Calvo MV, Megino-Tello J, Serrano JCE, Romero Ferreiro C, García-Lara NR, and Pallás-Alonso CR
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- Humans, Female, Vegans, Lactation, Vegetarians, Milk, Human, Nutritional Status
- Abstract
Women of childbearing age in Western societies are increasingly adopting vegetarian diets. These women are sometimes rejected as milk donors, but little about the composition of their milk is known. The present study aimed to compare the intake, nutritional status, and nutritional composition of human milk from omnivore human milk donors (Donors) and vegetarian/vegan lactating mothers (Veg). Milk, blood, and urine samples from 92 Donors and 20 Veg were used to determine their fatty acid profiles, as well as vitamins and minerals. In a representative sample of both groups, we also determined the lipid class profile as a distribution of neutral and polar lipids, the molecular species of triacylglycerols, and the relative composition of phospholipids in their milk. A dietary assessment was conducted with a five-day dietary record (while considering the intake of supplements). We highlight the following results, expressed as the mean (SE), for the Veg vs. Donors: (1) Their docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) intake was 0.11 (0.03) vs. 0.38 (0.03) g/day; the plasma DHA was 0.37 (0.07) vs. 0.83 (0.06)%; and the milk DHA was 0.15 (0.04) vs. 0.33 (0.02)%. (2) Their milk B12 levels were 545.69 (20.49) vs. 482.89 (4.11) pM; 85% of the Veg reported taking B12 supplements (mean dose: 312.1 mcg/day); and the Veg group showed no differences with Donors in terms of total daily intake or plasma B12. (3) Their milk phosphatidylcholine levels were 26.88 (0.67) vs. 30.55 (1.10)%. (4) Their milk iodine levels were 126.42 (13.37) vs. 159.22 (5.13) mcg/L. In conclusion, the Vegs' milk was shown to be different from the Donors' milk, mainly due to its low DHA content, which is concerning. However, raising awareness and ensuring proper supplementation could bridge this gap, as has already been achieved for cobalamin. more...
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- 2023
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20. Lipidomic and Proteomic Profiling of the Milk Fat Globule Membrane from Different Industrial By-Products of the Butter and Butter Oil Manufacturing Process.
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Señoráns M, Gallo V, Calvo MV, and Fontecha J
- Abstract
Recent studies have demonstrated the positive effects of regular intake of milk fat globule membranes (MFGMs) on neural and cognitive development, as well as immune and gastrointestinal health in infants and elders. Dairy products and by-products generated from the butter and butter oil manufacturing process are valuable sources of MFGM. Thus, in view of the growing need to reduce by-products and waste, it is crucial to foster research aimed at the valorization of dairy by-products rich in MFGM. For this purpose, all the by-products coming from butter and butter oil production (from raw milk to the related by-products) were used to study the MFGM isolated fractions, followed by their characterization through a combined lipidomic and proteomic approach. The patterns of polar lipids and proteins indicated that buttermilk (BM), butterserum (BS), and their mix (BM-BS blend) are the most suitable by-products to be employed as starting material for the isolation and purification of MFGMs, thus obtaining MFGM-enriched ingredients for the manufacture of products with high biological activity. more...
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- 2023
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21. Milk fat globule membrane concentrate as a nutritional supplement prevents age-related cognitive decline in old rats: A lipidomic study of synaptosomes.
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Baliyan S, Calvo MV, Piquera D, Montero O, Visioli F, Venero C, and Fontecha J
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- Animals, Rats, Synaptosomes, Lipidomics, Dietary Supplements, Cognitive Dysfunction prevention & control, Dementia
- Abstract
Aging is associated with a decline in cognitive abilities, mainly in memory and executive functioning. A similar but premature deterioration in cognitive capacities is the hallmark of mild cognitive impairment, Alzeimer's disease and dementia. The biochemical mechanisms that cause these neurodegenerative disorders are poorly understood. However, some evidence suggests that insufficient dietary intakes of some phospholipids could impact on brain function and increase the risk of future cognitive impairment and dementia. We evaluated the cognitive and biochemical effects of supplementation with a milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) concentrate in aged rats. We observed that, compared to control animals, MFGM supplemented rats showed enhanced spatial working memory, but both groups exhibited similar reference spatial learning and emotional memory abilities. No significant differences between BDNF levels in the hippocampus and frontal cortex of treated rats as compared to controls were found. The nootropic effects observed were accompanied by significant changes in the lipid composition of synaptic membranes. MFGM supplementation increased the levels of EPA and DHA acids as well as the plasmalogens content in the synaptosomes isolated from the hippocampus (Synapt-HP) and the frontal cortex (Synapt-FC). In addition enhanced levels of phosphatidyl serine (PS), particularly PS(18:1/18:1), and phosphatidyl inositol (PI) molecular species were observed in Synapt-HP and Synapt-FC of treated animals.Lipidomic analysis also revealed greater concentration of phosphatidyl ethanolamine (PE) molecular species containing very long-chain fatty acids and PE plasmenyls in Synapt-HP as well as an increase of the SM content in Synapt-FC from the MFGM group. Although further studies are needed to confirm the underlying mechanism (individual or synergistic), these results suggest that MFGM supplementation could be employed as a dietary implement to restore the proper cerebral concentration of some bioactive lipids and prevent or slow the progression of age-related cognitive impairment., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.) more...
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- 2023
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22. Physiologically-based pharmacokinetic modelling and dosing evaluation of gentamicin in neonates using PhysPK.
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Zazo H, Lagarejos E, Prado-Velasco M, Sánchez-Herrero S, Serna J, Rueda-Ferreiro A, Martín-Suárez A, Calvo MV, Pérez-Blanco JS, and Lanao JM
- Abstract
Each year, infections caused around the 25% of neonatal deaths. Early empirical treatments help to reduce this mortality, although optimized dosing regimens are still lacking. The aims were to develop and validate a gentamicin physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model and then potentially explore dosing regimens in neonates using pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic criteria. The PBPK model developed consisted of 2 flow-limited tissues: kidney and other tissues. It has been implemented on a new tool called PhysPK, which allows structure reusability and evolution as predictive engine in Model-Informed Precision Dosing (MIPD). Retrospective pharmacokinetic information based on serum levels data from 47 neonates with gestational age between 32 and 39 weeks and younger than one-week postnatal age were used for model validation. The minimal PBPK model developed adequately described the gentamicin serum concentration-time profile with an average fold error nearly 1. Extended interval gentamicin dosing regimens (6 mg/kg q36h and 6 mg/kg q48h for term and preterm neonates, respectively) showed efficacy higher than 99% with toxicity lower than 10% through Monte Carlo simulation evaluations. The gentamicin minimal PBPK model developed in PhysPK from literature information, and validated in preterm and term neonates, presents adequate predictive performance and could be useful for MIPD strategies in neonates., Competing Interests: Preliminary results of this research were presented at XIV Jornadas de modelización y simulación en biomedicina, in November 2021 in Barcelona, Spain. SS-H, JS and AR-F were employees of “Empresarios Agrupados SA” at the time the analysis was conducted. The remaining authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2022 Zazo, Lagarejos, Prado-Velasco, Sánchez-Herrero, Serna, Rueda-Ferreiro, Martín-Suárez, Calvo, Pérez-Blanco and Lanao.) more...
- Published
- 2022
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23. Randomized controlled trial of early arachidonic acid and docosahexaenoic acid enteral supplementation in very preterm infants.
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Álvarez P, Ramiro-Cortijo D, Montes MT, Moreno B, Calvo MV, Liu G, Esteban Romero A, Ybarra M, Cordeiro M, Clambor Murube M, Valverde E, Sánchez-Pacheco A, Fontecha J, Gibson R, and Saenz de Pipaon M
- Abstract
Objective: To evaluate changes in blood long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (LCPUFA) and oxylipin concentrations in very preterm infants from birth to 36 weeks' postmenstrual age (WPA) after providing an emulsified arachidonic acid (ARA):docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) supplement at two different concentrations., Study Design: This prospective, randomized trial assigned infants to receive a supplement (1) 80:40 group (80 mg/kg/day ARA and 40 mg/kg/day DHA, n = 9) or (2) 120:60 group (120 mg/kg/day ARA and 60 mg/kg/day DHA, n = 9). Infants received supplement daily from birth until 36 WPA. At baseline, 21 days of life and 36 WPA, the LCPUFAs were measured in plasma by gas chromatography/mass spectrophotometry. Additionally, LCPUFAs and oxylipins were analyzed in whole blood by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Furthermore, a sample of oral mucosa was obtained to analyze single-nucleotide polymorphism located in the FADS1 gene by PCR., Results: Gestational age was similar between groups (80:40 = 28
+6 [27+3 ; 30+3 ] completed weeks+ days ; 120:60 = 29+6 [27+3 ; 30+5 ] completed weeks+ days , p = 0.83). At 36 WPA, the change in plasma ARA was significantly different between groups (80:40 group = 0.15 [-0.67; 0.69] %nmol, 120:60 = 1.68 [1.38; 3.16] %nmol, p = 0.031). In whole blood, the levels of ARA-derived oxylipins (5-, 8-, 9-, 11-, 15-HETE and 8,9-EET) and EPA-derived oxylipins (18-HEPE) significantly increase from baseline to 36 WPA in the 120:60 group than the 80:40 group., Conclusion: Supplementation at high doses (120:60 mg/kg/day) increased levels of ARA, and EPA- and ARA-derived oxylipins compared to low doses (80:40 mg/kg/day). Differences were detected in EPA metabolites without a significant increase in plasma DHA., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2022 Álvarez, Ramiro-Cortijo, Montes, Moreno, Calvo, Liu, Esteban Romero, Ybarra, Cordeiro, Clambor Murube, Valverde, Sánchez-Pacheco, Fontecha, Gibson and Saenz de Pipaon.) more...- Published
- 2022
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24. Effects of HIV Infection in Plasma Free Fatty Acid Profiles among People with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease.
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Martínez-Sanz J, Calvo MV, Serrano-Villar S, Montes ML, Martín-Mateos R, Burgos-Santamaría D, Díaz-Álvarez J, Talavera-Rodríguez A, Rosas M, Moreno S, Fontecha J, and Sánchez-Conde M
- Abstract
Despite its high prevalence, the mechanisms underlying non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in people living with HIV (PLWH) are still unclear. In this prospective cohort study, we aim to evaluate differences in plasma fatty acid profiles between HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected participants with NAFLD. We included participants diagnosed with NAFLD, both HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected. Fatty acid methyl esters were measured from plasma samples. Ratios ([product]/[substrate]) were used to estimate desaturases and elongases activity. We used linear regression for adjusted analyses. We included 31 PLWH and 22 HIV-uninfected controls. We did not find differences in the sum of different types of FA or in FA with a greater presence of plasma. However, there were significant differences in the distribution of some FA, with higher concentrations of ALA, trans -palmitoleic, and behenic acids, and a lower concentration of lignoceric acid in PLWH. PLWH had lower C24:0/C22:0 and C16:0/C14:0 ratios, which estimates the activity of elongases ELOVL1 and ELOVL6. Both groups had similar fatty acid distribution, despite differences in traditional risk factors. PLWH had a lower proportion of specific ratios that estimate ELOVL1 and ELOVL6 activity, which had been previously described for other inflammatory conditions, such as psoriasis. more...
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- 2022
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25. Impact of High-Pressure Processed Onion on Colonic Metabolism Using a Dynamic Gastrointestinal Digestion Simulator.
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Fernández-Jalao I, Balderas C, Calvo MV, Fontecha J, Sánchez-Moreno C, and De Ancos B
- Abstract
Onions are the main dietary source of flavonols that have been associated with important health-promoting properties. Onion treated by high-pressure processing (HPP-treated onion) was subjected to a dynamic gastrointestinal digestion and colon fermentation simulator (DGID-CF) to study the effect on the gut microbiota metabolism in the three colon regions (ascending-AC, transverse-TC, and descending-DC) by means of chronic feeding with 27 g/day for 14 days. HPP-treated onion presented a high content of the flavonols quercetin-3,4'-diglucoside and quercetin-4'-glucoside, and a large percentage of them reached the AC without change. TC and DC progressively increased the total phenolic metabolites 2.5 times respective to day 2, mainly 3-hydroxyphenylacetic, 4-hydroxyphenylacetic, 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-propionic, and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylpropionic acids. In addition, the chronic feeding increased the beneficial colon bacteria Bifidobacterium spp. and Lactobacillus spp. and the production of total SCFAs (acetic, propionic, and butyric acids) 9 times (AC), 2.2 times (TC), and 4.4 times (DC) respective to day 1. A multivariate analysis (principal component analysis, PCA) showed a clear separation between the three colon regions based on their phenolic composition (precursors and metabolites). These results showed that HPP-treated onion modulated the human gut microbiota's metabolism and the DGID-CF is a good system to study these changes. more...
- Published
- 2021
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26. An Integrative Approach of an In Vitro Measurement of the Digestibility of Triacylglycerols of Human Milk.
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Pérez-Gálvez A, Calvo MV, Aguayo-Maldonado J, and Fontecha J
- Subjects
- Adult, Digestion, Female, Humans, Micelles, Pasteurization, Pregnancy, Colostrum chemistry, Milk, Human chemistry, Triglycerides analysis, Triglycerides metabolism
- Abstract
Several studies have been published regarding the effect of different factors on the digestion of milk lipids, considering their natural structural arrangement as milk fat globules and the efficiency of the digestive enzymes in the lipolysis of such complex structures. During digestion, the lipolytic products are dispersed in vesicles and micelles, which are the source for absorption of digested lipids. Therefore, it is necessary to consider the isolation of the micellar phase from the digesta to appropriately determine the amounts and classes of lipids which are bioaccessible. This study presents an integrative approach that included an isolation procedure to separate the micellar fraction from undigested and non-micellar parts, and the distribution of digested milk lipids in micelles determined directly through chromatographic techniques. Four groups of five full term mothers donated colostrum or mature milk. Two sets of samples were analyzed directly (raw), and two sets were pasteurized and then analyzed. Our data revealed that the profile of digested milk lipids is different depending on the lactation period and processing stage, while the carbon atom number distribution of the digested triacylglycerols in the micellar fraction provides a substantial information regarding the acylglycerols species that are less available for absorption. more...
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- 2021
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27. Evaluation of Current Amikacin Dosing Recommendations and Development of an Interactive Nomogram: The Role of Albumin.
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Pérez-Blanco JS, Sáez Fernández EM, Calvo MV, Lanao JM, and Martín-Suárez A
- Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the potential efficacy and safety of the amikacin dosage proposed by the main guidelines and to develop an interactive nomogram, especially focused on the potential impact of albumin on initial dosage recommendation. The probability of target attainment (PTA) for each of the different dosing recommendations was calculated through stochastic simulations based on pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PKPD) criteria. Large efficacy and safety differences were observed for the evaluated amikacin dosing guidelines together with a significant impact of albumin concentrations on efficacy and safety. For all recommended dosages evaluated, efficacy and safety criteria of amikacin dosage proposed were not achieved simultaneously in most of the clinical scenarios evaluated. Furthermore, a significant impact of albumin was identified: The higher is the albumin, (i) the higher will be the PTA for maximum concentration/minimum inhibitory concentration (Cmax/MIC), (ii) the lower will be the PTA for the time period with drug concentration exceeding MIC (T
>MIC ) and (iii) the lower will be the PTA for toxicity (minimum concentration). Thus, accounting for albumin effect might be of interest for future amikacin dosing guidelines updates. In addition, AMKnom, an amikacin nomogram builder based on PKPD criteria, has been developed and is freely available to help evaluating dosing recommendations. more...- Published
- 2021
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28. High-Temperature Short-Time and Holder Pasteurization of Donor Milk: Impact on Milk Composition.
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Escuder-Vieco D, Rodríguez JM, Espinosa-Martos I, Corzo N, Montilla A, García-Serrano A, Calvo MV, Fontecha J, Serrano J, Fernández L, and Pallás-Alonso CR
- Abstract
Holder pasteurization (HoP; 62.5 °C, 30 min) is commonly used to ensure the microbiological safety of donor human milk (DHM) but diminishes its nutritional properties. A high-temperature short-time (HTST) system was designed as an alternative for human milk banks. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of this HTST system on different nutrients and the bile salt stimulated lipase (BSSL) activity of DHM. DHM was processed in the HTST system and by standard HoP. Macronutrients were measured with a mid-infrared analyzer. Lactose, glucose, myo -inositol, vitamins and lipids were assayed using chromatographic techniques. BSSL activity was determined using a kit. The duration of HTST treatment had a greater influence on the nutrient composition of DHM than did the tested temperature. The lactose concentration and the percentage of phospholipids and PUFAs were higher in HTST-treated than in raw DHM, while the fat concentration and the percentage of monoacylglycerides and SFAs were lower. Other nutrients did not change after HTST processing. The retained BSSL activity was higher after short HTST treatment than that following HoP. Overall, HTST treatment resulted in better preservation of the nutritional quality of DHM than HoP because relevant thermosensitive components (phospholipids, PUFAs, and BSSL) were less affected. more...
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- 2021
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29. Release-Recapture Test of Dispersal and Survival of Sterile Males of Ceratitis capitata (Diptera: Tephritidae).
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Duarte F, Calvo MV, Delgado S, Bartolucci A, Asfennato A, Borges A, Scatoni I, and García FM
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- Animals, Citrus, Male, Reproduction, Uruguay, Animal Distribution, Ceratitis capitata physiology, Infertility, Male, Pest Control, Biological
- Abstract
The sterile insect technique is used around the world to suppress or eradicate populations of Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) with successful results. It consists of inundative releases of sterile insects into a wide area to reduce reproduction in a field population of the same species. It is necessary to know the dispersion of the sterile males in the field in order to define the maximum distance between the release points that ensures the distribution of the sterile flies in the entire target area. The release methods may vary depending on the area to be covered and the resources available. Manual ground release requires less technology. The aim of this research was to estimate the ability of sterile males to survive and disperse in the field, in the two main areas of citrus production in Uruguay. A release of 20,000 sterile males of C. capitata TslV8 (-inv D53) was performed at the central point of each area defined for the trials. Around these points, a network of 54 Jackson traps baited with trimedlure was installed forming five concentric rings, which were placed on days 1, 3, 5, and 7 after the release and were removed at 24 h in all cases. The emergence rate, flight ability, dispersion, and longevity were estimated. The standard distances obtained by the regression models were 127 m and 131 m for Salto and San José respectively. In Salto, the traps had catches until the eighth day, and in San José, there were no catches after the sixth day. more...
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- 2020
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30. Effect of gestational age (preterm or full term) on lipid composition of the milk fat globule and its membrane in human colostrum.
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Pérez-Gálvez A, Calvo MV, Megino-Tello J, Aguayo-Maldonado J, Jiménez-Flores R, and Fontecha J
- Subjects
- Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid veterinary, Fatty Acids analysis, Female, Humans, Infant, Newborn, Lactation, Phosphatidylcholines metabolism, Phosphatidylethanolamines metabolism, Pregnancy, Sphingomyelins metabolism, Colostrum chemistry, Gestational Age, Glycolipids chemistry, Glycoproteins chemistry, Lipid Droplets chemistry, Milk, Human chemistry
- Abstract
Human colostrum is the first milk secreted by the mother after birth and constitutes the ideal food for the newborn, because its chemical composition, rich in immunoglobulins, antimicrobial peptides, growth factors, bioactive lipids, and other important molecules, is perfectly adapted to the metabolic, digestive, and immunological immaturity of the newborn. An incomplete gestational period can affect the maturity of the mammary gland and its ability to secrete milk with the proper composition for the newborn's condition. Previous studies indicate that the mammary gland modulates the profiles of bioactive lipids present in the different phases of lactation from colostrum to mature milk. Given the key role played by the polar lipids (PL) (phospho- and sphingolipids) of the milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) in the immune system and cognitive development of the newborn, it is crucial to analyze whether the content and distribution of the PL are affected by gestation period. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the milk fat globule (MFG) and MFGM lipid compositions of human colostrum samples from 20 healthy preterm and full-term mothers. Lipid characterization using chromatographic techniques (gas chromatograph mass spectrometry and HPLC-evaporative light-scattering detection) revealed differences related to length of gestation in the profiles of lipid classes and fatty acid and triacylglyceride contents of colostrum. This comparative analysis leads to noteworthy outcomes about the changing roles of the PL, considering the preterm or full-term condition. We found a lack of correlation of some PL (such as phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylinositol, and phosphatidylserine) with the delivery term; these could be denoted as structural category lipids. However, sphingomyelin and phosphatidyl-ethanolamine exhibited trends to decrease in full-term colostrum, indicating that in the final stage of pregnancy specific accretion of some PL occurs, which should be denoted as a nutritional redistribution., (Copyright © 2020 American Dairy Science Association. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.) more...
- Published
- 2020
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31. Amikacin initial dosage in patients with hypoalbuminaemia: an interactive tool based on a population pharmacokinetic approach.
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Pérez-Blanco JS, Sáez Fernández EM, Calvo MV, Lanao JM, and Martín-Suárez A
- Subjects
- Anti-Bacterial Agents, Glomerular Filtration Rate, Humans, Models, Biological, Vancomycin, Amikacin, Hypoalbuminemia
- Abstract
Objectives: To characterize amikacin population pharmacokinetics in patients with hypoalbuminaemia and to develop a model-based interactive application for amikacin initial dosage., Methods: A population pharmacokinetic model was developed using a non-linear mixed-effects modelling approach (NONMEM) with amikacin concentration-time data collected from clinical practice (75% hypoalbuminaemic patients). Goodness-of-fit plots, minimum objective function value, prediction-corrected visual predictive check, bootstrapping, precision and bias of parameter estimates were used for model evaluation. An interactive model-based simulation tool was developed in R (Shiny and R Markdown). Cmax/MIC ratio, time above MIC and AUC/MIC were used for optimizing amikacin initial dose recommendation. Probabilities of reaching targets were calculated for the dosage proposed., Results: A one-compartment model with first-order linear elimination best described the 873 amikacin plasma concentrations available from 294 subjects (model development and external validation groups). Estimated amikacin population pharmacokinetic parameters were CL (L/h) = 0.525 + 4.78 × (CKD-EPI/98) × (0.77 × vancomycin) and V (L) = 26.3 × (albumin/2.9)-0.51 × [1 + 0.006 × (weight - 70)], where CKD-EPI is calculated with the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration equation. AMKdose is a useful interactive model-based application for a priori optimization of amikacin dosage, using individual patient and microbiological information together with predefined pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PKPD) targets., Conclusions: Serum albumin, total bodyweight, estimated glomerular filtration rate (using the CKD-EPI equation) and co-medication with vancomycin showed a significant impact on amikacin pharmacokinetics. A powerful interactive initial dose-finding tool has been developed and is freely available online. AMKdose could be useful for guiding initial amikacin dose selection before any individual pharmacokinetic information is available., (© The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the British Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy. All rights reserved. For permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.) more...
- Published
- 2020
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32. Biomarkers of disease activity and other factors as predictors of adalimumab pharmacokinetics in inflammatory bowel disease.
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Sánchez-Hernández JG, Pérez-Blanco JS, Rebollo N, Muñoz F, Prieto V, and Calvo MV
- Subjects
- Adalimumab blood, Adalimumab pharmacokinetics, Adult, Anti-Inflammatory Agents blood, Anti-Inflammatory Agents pharmacokinetics, Biomarkers analysis, Colitis, Ulcerative metabolism, Computer Simulation, Crohn Disease metabolism, Drug Monitoring, Feces chemistry, Female, Humans, Injections, Subcutaneous, Leukocyte L1 Antigen Complex analysis, Male, Middle Aged, Adalimumab administration & dosage, Anti-Inflammatory Agents administration & dosage, Colitis, Ulcerative blood, Crohn Disease blood, Models, Biological
- Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is commonly treated with adalimumab. The main objective of the study was to develop a population pharmacokinetic model of adalimumab in IBD patients evaluating the potential biomarkers of disease activity and other factors and its implications in adalimumab dosing. A prospective observational study was performed in adult patients diagnosed with Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis treated with adalimumab and following a proactive therapeutic drug monitoring of serum concentrations. Adalimumab serum concentrations (ASC) were quantified mainly prior the administration using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). A population pharmacokinetic model was developed based on 303 ASC data of 104 IBD patients using non-linear mixed effect modelling approach. Sixty-five ASC from 20 additional patients were randomly selected as an external validation group. A one-compartment model with first order absorption and elimination best describe the ASC time course. Body mass index (BMI), faecal calprotectin (FCP), unexplained decline in ASC and the specific administration pen device exhibited significant influence on apparent clearance (p-value < 0.001). FCP was the inflammatory activity biomarker showing the most relevant impact on adalimumab exposure, higher than C-reactive protein and albumin, and may be useful for adalimumab dosing adjustment. The population-based pharmacokinetic model developed adequately characterized adalimumab exposure in IBD patients. The unexplained decline in ASC, FCP, BMI and the specific administration pen device were identified as meaningful variables significantly influencing adalimumab pharmacokinetics., (Copyright © 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.) more...
- Published
- 2020
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33. A 3-year prospective study of a multidisciplinary early proactive therapeutic drug monitoring programme of infliximab treatments in inflammatory bowel disease.
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Sánchez-Hernández JG, Rebollo N, Martin-Suarez A, Calvo MV, and Muñoz F
- Subjects
- Gastrointestinal Agents adverse effects, Humans, Infliximab adverse effects, Prospective Studies, Drug Monitoring, Inflammatory Bowel Diseases drug therapy
- Abstract
Aims: Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of trough serum infliximab concentrations has been mainly used in case of loss of response in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of a multidisciplinary early proactive TDM (mep-TDM) programme for dose adjustment., Methods: A 3-year prospective study was conducted based on a sample of 81 patients who started treatment and were subsequently subjected to mep-TDM with the first control at week 14. Data of a historical control group of 72 patients treated with infliximab and managed with empirical dosing were included. Effectiveness variables were treatment failure, IBD-related surgery and IBD-related hospitalization. Safety variables were serious infusion reactions (SIRs) and adverse reactions. Cox regression was used for survival analysis., Results: In the mep-TDM study group, compared to the control group, there was a significant reduction in the risk of treatment failure (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.51; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.27-0.92; P = .037), IBD-related surgery (HR: 0.14; 95% CI: 0.03-0.65; P = .012) and hospitalization (HR: 0.38; 95% CI: 0.17-0.87; P = .022). SIRs were lower in the mep-TDM group (2.5% vs 10.4%; P < .050); the incidence of adverse reactions was similar (3.7% vs 3.9%; p > .999)., Conclusion: This study found that compared to empirical dosing, mep-TDM is associated with improved efficacy and safety of infliximab therapy, reduced IBD-related hospitalization and surgery and incidence of SIRs, and increasing long-term durability of treatment effects., (© 2020 The British Pharmacological Society.) more...
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- 2020
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34. The Effect of Breath Pacing on Task Switching and Working Memory.
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Bonomini MP, Calvo MV, Morcillo AD, Segovia F, Vicente JMF, and Fernandez-Jover E
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- Adult, Humans, Autonomic Nervous System physiology, Executive Function physiology, Heart Rate physiology, Memory, Short-Term physiology, Psychomotor Performance physiology, Reaction Time physiology, Respiratory Rate physiology
- Abstract
The cortical and subcortical circuit regulating both cognition and cardiac autonomic interactions are already well established. This circuit has mainly been analyzed from cortex to heart. Thus, the heart rate variability (HRV) is usually considered a reflection of cortical activity. In this paper, we investigate whether HRV changes affect cortical activity. Short-term local autonomic changes were induced by three breathing strategies: spontaneous (Control), normal (NB) and slow paced breathing (SB). We measured the performance in two cognition domains: executive functions and processing speed. Breathing maneuvres produced three clearly differentiated autonomic states, which preconditioned the cognitive tasks. We found that the SB significantly increased the HRV low frequency (LF) power and lowered the power spectral density (PSD) peak to 0.1[Formula: see text]Hz. Meanwhile, executive function was assessed by the working memory test, whose accuracy significantly improved after SB, with no significant changes in the response times. Processing speed was assessed by a multitasking test. Consistently, the proportion of correct answers (success rate) was the only dependent variable affected by short-term and long-term breath pacing. These findings suggest that accuracy, and not timing of these two cognitive domains would benefit from short-term SB in this study population. more...
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- 2020
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35. Consumption of Goat Cheese Naturally Rich in Omega-3 and Conjugated Linoleic Acid Improves the Cardiovascular and Inflammatory Biomarkers of Overweight and Obese Subjects: A Randomized Controlled Trial.
- Author
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Santurino C, López-Plaza B, Fontecha J, Calvo MV, Bermejo LM, Gómez-Andrés D, and Gómez-Candela C
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Animals, Apolipoproteins B blood, Biomarkers blood, C-Reactive Protein analysis, Cardiovascular Diseases prevention & control, Double-Blind Method, Female, Heart Disease Risk Factors, Humans, Inflammation diagnosis, Inflammation etiology, Inflammation prevention & control, Male, Middle Aged, Peptide Fragments blood, Risk Factors, Young Adult, Cardiovascular Diseases diagnosis, Cardiovascular Diseases etiology, Cheese analysis, Cholesterol, HDL blood, Dietary Supplements, Fatty Acids, Omega-3 administration & dosage, Fatty Acids, Omega-3 analysis, Goats, Linoleic Acid administration & dosage, Linoleic Acid analysis, Nutritional Physiological Phenomena physiology, Obesity complications, Obesity drug therapy, Overweight complications, Overweight drug therapy
- Abstract
This study examines the value of a goat cheese naturally enriched in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) (n-3 PUFA and conjugated linolenic acid (CLA)) as means of improving cardiovascular and inflammatory health. Sixty-eight overweight and obese subjects (BMI ≥ 27 and <40 kg/m
2 ), with at least two risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) in a lipid panel blood tests, participated in a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, parallel designed study. The subjects consumed for 12 weeks: (1) 60 g/d control goat cheese and (2) 60 g/d goat cheese naturally enriched in n-3 PUFA and CLA. Diet and physical activity were assessed. Anthropometric and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) tests were performed. Blood samples were collected at the beginning and at the end of the study period. Changes in health status, lifestyle and dietary habits, and daily compliance were recorded. The consumption of a PUFA-enriched goat cheese significantly increased plasma high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol, as well as in apolipoprotein B, and it significantly decreased high-sensitivity C-reactive protein concentrations compared to the control goat cheese ( p < 0.05). The significant improvement of the plasma lipid profile and inflammatory status of people with risk for CVD due to the consumption of PUFA-enriched cheese suggests a potential role of this dairy product as an alternative to develop high nutritional value food in a balanced diet comprising regular exercise. more...- Published
- 2020
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36. Appraisal of the suitability of two-stage extraction process by combining compressed fluid technologies of polar lipid fractions from chia seed.
- Author
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Calvo MV, Villanueva-Bermejo D, Castro-Gómez P, Fornari T, and Fontecha J
- Subjects
- Biological Products, Camphanes, Chemical Fractionation methods, Drugs, Chinese Herbal chemistry, Ethanol, Fatty Acids chemistry, Panax notoginseng, Phospholipids, Pressure, Salvia miltiorrhiza, Solvents, Triglycerides, Chromatography, Supercritical Fluid methods, Plant Extracts chemistry, Plant Oils chemistry, Salvia chemistry, Seeds chemistry
- Abstract
Although triacylglycerols (TAG) are the major constituents of chia oil, it also contains minor lipid fractions that include phospholipids (PL) among other desirable components. Its amphiphilic character and excellent biocompatibility make PL appropriate for numerous applications with technological and nutritional significanceand potential health benefits. Given the difficulties entailed by the PL isolation, the efficiency for extracting such compounds using two environmental friendly techniques, pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) and supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) was evaluated. By using PLE with food-grade ethanol (EtOH), an oil recovery close to 100% was achieved in just 10 min. This oil extract was particularly rich in α-linolenic acid (ALA; 70%) as compared to the oil extracted by SFE (56%). In the case of SFE, the oil recovery was only 87% but increased to 99% when ethanol was added to CO
2 . However the use of co-solvent did not affect the fatty acid profile of the supercritical extracts or their TAG composition, where the high molecular weight TAG species were the predominant in all cases. With the exception of SFE without co-solvent, all methods applied were capable of extracting the PL fraction, although the content and distribution of the individual components present in this fraction differed markedly depending on the extraction conditions used. In this context, the use of a sequential extraction process, combining SFE and PLE was particularly interesting. The re-extraction by PLE of the chia cake, previously defatted by SFE, allowed to obtain an oil extract highly enriched in PLs, whose content exceeded 16% and with a higher PL species than the rest of the oil extracts., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declared that there is no conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.) more...- Published
- 2020
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37. Evaluation of renal function equations to predict amikacin clearance.
- Author
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Sáez Fernández EM, Pérez-Blanco JS, Lanao JM, Calvo MV, and Martín-Suárez A
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Amikacin pharmacokinetics, Anti-Bacterial Agents pharmacokinetics, Creatinine metabolism, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Female, Glomerular Filtration Rate, Humans, Kidney Function Tests, Male, Middle Aged, Nonlinear Dynamics, Retrospective Studies, Tissue Distribution, Young Adult, Amikacin administration & dosage, Anti-Bacterial Agents administration & dosage, Kidney Diseases complications, Models, Biological
- Abstract
Objective : To evaluate the predictive performance of eight renal function equations to describe amikacin elimination in a large standard population with a wide range of age. Methods : Retrospective study of adult hospitalized patients treated with amikacin and monitored in the clinical pharmacokinetics laboratory of a pharmacy service. Renal function was calculated as Cockcroft-Gault with total, adjusted and ideal body weight, MDRD-4, CKD-EPI, rLM, BIS1, and FAS. One compartment model with first-order elimination, including interindividual variability on clearance and volume of distribution and combined residual error model was selected as a base structural model. A pharmaco-statistical analysis was performed following a non-linear mixed effects modeling approach (NONMEM 7.3 software). Results : 198 patients (61 years [18-93]) and 566 measured amikacin plasma concentrations were included. All the estimated glomerular filtration rate and creatinine clearance equations evaluated described properly the data. The linear relationship between clearance and glomerular filtration rate based on rLM showed a statistically significant improvement in the fit of the data. rLM must be evaluated carefully in renal failure for amikacin dose adjustment. Conclusions : Revised Lund-Malmö (rLM) and CKD-EPI showed the superior predictive performance of amikacin drug elimination comparing to all the alternative metrics evaluated. more...
- Published
- 2019
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38. The Influence of β -Cyclodextrin on the Reduction of Cholesterol Content in Egg and Duck Liver Pâté.
- Author
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Alonso L, Calvo MV, and Fontecha J
- Abstract
The use of β -cyclodextrin ( β -CD) to reduce cholesterol is increasing in food research due to its affinity for non-polar molecules such as cholesterol. The objective of this study was to study the ability of β -CD to remove cholesterol in natural egg, powdered egg, and duck liver pâté and its effect on individual fatty acids. A concentration of 5% of β -CD was found to be a suitable amount to remove 80.04 ± 4.96-82.12 ± 5.36% of cholesterol from yolk and powdered eggs and 80.21 ± 5.28% of cholesterol from duck liver pâté. β -CD complexed to cholesterol was precipitated and removed by centrifugation. Individual fatty acid compositions did not differ ( p < 0.05) between the controls and the products treated with 5% β -CD., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest. more...
- Published
- 2019
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39. Alterations in the Fatty Acid Composition in Infant Formulas and ω3-PUFA Enriched UHT Milk during Storage.
- Author
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Rodríguez-Alcalá LM, Calvo MV, Fontecha J, and Alonso L
- Abstract
ω3-polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) are known to have several beneficial effects, such as preventing the occurrence of cardiovascular events in adults and improving the development of the central nervous system during fetal life and childhood. Dairy products enriched in PUFA are now available on the market and can help consumers to meet the ω3-PUFA daily intake recommendations. Although PUFA are prone to oxidation, little information exists regarding the alterations they undergo when products containing PUFA are stored. In this study, five infant formulae (IF) and five ω3-PUFA enriched Ultra High Temperature (UHT)-milk products were examined during storage at room temperature in terms of fatty acid (FA) composition and trans fatty acid (tFA) content until the end of shelf life by chromatography techniques. The IF included two follow-on formulae, two first-age formulae and a special medical purpose formula with different fat contents (from 2.6% to 27.7%). In the ω3-PUFA enriched UHT-milk products the milk fat was replaced by eicosapentanoic fatty acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) rich oils. The fatty acid content of all samples remained stable whereas some variations were observed for the tFA isomer content ( p < 0.05) in the UHT-milk samples., Competing Interests: The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest. more...
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
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40. Milk and Dairy Product Consumption and Cardiovascular Diseases: An Overview of Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses.
- Author
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Fontecha J, Calvo MV, Juarez M, Gil A, and Martínez-Vizcaino V
- Subjects
- Animals, Dietary Fats adverse effects, Dietary Fats blood, Humans, Milk, Blood Pressure drug effects, Cardiovascular Diseases blood, Cardiovascular Diseases etiology, Cholesterol blood, Dairy Products, Diet, Dietary Fats administration & dosage, Feeding Behavior
- Abstract
Milk and dairy products containing milk fat are major food sources of saturated fatty acids, which have been linked to increased risk of cardiovascular-related clinical outcomes such as cardiovascular disease (CVD), coronary heart disease (CHD), and stroke. Therefore, current recommendations by health authorities advise consumption of low-fat or fat-free milk. Today, these recommendations are seriously questioned by meta-analyses of both prospective cohort studies and randomized controlled trials (RCTs) reporting inconsistent results. The present study includes an overview of systematic reviews and meta-analyses of follow-up studies, an overview of meta-analyses involving RCTs, and an update on meta-analyses of RCTs (2013-2018) aiming to synthesize the evidence regarding the influence of dairy product consumption on the risk of major cardiovascular-related outcomes and how various doses of different dairy products affect the responses, as well as on selected biomarkers of cardiovascular disease risk, i.e., blood pressure and blood lipids. The search strategies for both designs were conducted in the MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and Web of Science databases from their inception to April 2018. From the 31 full-text articles retrieved for cohort studies, 17 met the eligibility criteria. The pooled risk ratio estimated for the association between the consumption of different dairy products at different dose-responses and cardiovascular outcomes (CVD, CHD, and stroke) showed a statistically significant negative association with RR values <1, or did not find evidence of significant association. The overview of 12 meta-analyses involving RCTs as well as the updated meta-analyses of RCTs did not result in significant changes on risk biomarkers such as systolic and diastolic blood pressure and total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol. Therefore, the present study states that the consumption of total dairy products, with either regular or low fat content, does not adversely affect the risk of CVD., (Copyright © American Society for Nutrition 2019.) more...
- Published
- 2019
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41. Therapeutic drug monitoring of tumour necrosis factor inhibitors in the management of chronic inflammatory diseases.
- Author
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Sanchez-Hernandez JG, Rebollo N, Munoz F, Martin-Suarez A, and Calvo MV
- Subjects
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents blood, Anti-Inflammatory Agents therapeutic use, Antibodies, Monoclonal blood, Antibodies, Monoclonal therapeutic use, Chronic Disease, Cohort Studies, Humans, Systematic Reviews as Topic, Anti-Inflammatory Agents pharmacokinetics, Antibodies, Monoclonal pharmacokinetics, Drug Monitoring methods, Inflammation drug therapy, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha antagonists & inhibitors
- Abstract
Tumour necrosis factor inhibitor therapy has drastically changed the management of chronic inflammatory diseases. Some important drawbacks that can cause loss of response during treatment with these drugs are related to their large individual variability, the disease burden and the formation of antidrug antibodies that increase its clearance. Therapeutic drug monitoring of these drugs is not yet recommended by all scientific societies, and if so, only in patients with inflammatory symptoms. Proactive therapeutic drug monitoring represents a new strategy with many potential clinical benefits, including the prevention of immunogenicity, a reduction in the need for rescue therapy and greater durability of tumour necrosis factor inhibitor treatment. The review is based on a systematic search of the literature for controlled trials, systematic reviews, experimental studies, guideline papers and cohort studies addressing the best practice in tumour necrosis factor inhibitor therapeutic drug monitoring. Although there is ample evidence supporting the use of therapeutic drug monitoring in clinical practice to achieve better outcomes, some challenges have been detected. Many studies are focused on finding solutions for the lack of standardization of analytical methods to measure tumour necrosis factor inhibitor and antidrug antibodies concentrations. Other challenges are development of effective cost-saving proactive algorithms to identify optimal drug concentrations and the research on the role of antidrug antibodies, especially in the management and prevention of loss of response. Therapeutic drug monitoring of tumour necrosis factor inhibitor offers a rational approach to the optimization of the treatment of chronic inflammatory disease. Although prospective controlled trials yield little conclusive evidence of its benefits, there is growing acceptance of its value in clinical practice. more...
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. Production of omega 3-rich oils from underutilized chia seeds. Comparison between supercritical fluid and pressurized liquid extraction methods.
- Author
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Villanueva-Bermejo D, Calvo MV, Castro-Gómez P, Fornari T, and Fontecha J
- Subjects
- Chemical Fractionation methods, Ethanol, Fatty Acids analysis, Hot Temperature, Hydrostatic Pressure, Plant Oils chemistry, Plant Oils isolation & purification, Triglycerides analysis, alpha-Linolenic Acid, Chromatography, Supercritical Fluid methods, Fatty Acids, Omega-3 chemistry, Fatty Acids, Omega-3 isolation & purification, Plant Extracts chemistry, Plant Extracts isolation & purification, Salvia chemistry, Seeds chemistry
- Abstract
Chia seeds constitute a promising source of α-linolenic acid (ALA). In the present work, an underutilized and cheaper set of chia seeds, which were discarded after the harvest according to quality criteria - named in this work as low oil content seeds (LOCS) - have been evaluated as a potential source for obtaining PUFA-enriched oils against the commonly studied high-quality chia seeds denoted as high oil content seeds (HOCS) in this study. Two efficient and environmental friendly techniques, supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) and pressurized liquid extraction (PLE), were evaluated to optimize the extraction process of chia oil. At 60 °C, by using pressurized food-grade ethanol, recoveries close to 100% were achieved from both sets of seeds in a short extraction time (10 min). By using SFE, the greatest oil extraction yield (>95%) was attained at the highest pressure and temperature conditions (45 MPa and 60 °C) after 240 min. At the early stage of SFE extraction, both LOCS and HOCS exhibited a similar kinetic behavior, reaching oil extraction rates of 0.59 g oil/min and 0.64 g oil/min, respectively. No differences were found between the fatty acid profile of the oils extracted from LOCS and HOCS both by PLE and SFE. ALA and linoleic acid (LA) concentrations ranged between 65-68% and 17-23% respectively, and a predominance of high molecular weight triglycerides (≥ CN50), was found in all extracted oils. In conclusion, LOCS might constitute a new suitable raw material for the production of ALA-enriched oils. Concerning the extraction methods assayed, the oil was almost entirely recovered by both PLE and SFE at the used conditions., (Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.) more...
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. Attraction of Male Nymphs to Adult Male Volatiles in the Bronze Bug Thaumastocoris peregrinus Carpintero & Dellape (Heteroptera: Thaumastocoridae).
- Author
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Calvo MV, Groba HF, Martínez G, Sellanes C, Rossini C, and González A
- Subjects
- Animals, Eucalyptus, Female, Male, Reproduction, South America, Behavior, Animal, Heteroptera physiology, Nymph physiology, Pheromones physiology
- Abstract
The bronze bug, Thaumastocoris peregrinus Carpintero & Dellape (Heteroptera: Thaumastocoridae), is an exotic emerging pest in Eucalyptus commercial forests in South America, Africa and southern Europe. Information on the chemical communication system and reproductive ecology of this insect is scant, and it may be relevant for designing management strategies for eucalypt plantations. Adults and nymphs usually aggregate in the field, possibly by means of chemical signals. Males emit large amounts of 3-methyl-2-butenyl butyrate, which attracts conspecific adult males but not females. The ecological role of this putative male aggregation pheromone remains unknown. Here, we report olfactometer bioassays showing that late-instar male nymphs are also attracted to synthetic 3-methyl-2-butenyl butyrate and to adult male volatile extracts, which contain this compound as the major component. As previously shown for adult females, nymphs that moulted into females were not attracted to either volatile stimulus. The intra-gender attraction of nymphs and adults may be related to the exploitation of food resources, or as a reproductive strategy for newly emerged males. Further studies on the reproductive behaviour and mating system of T. peregrinus will contribute to understanding the ecological significance of male-male, adult-nymph attraction, as well as the practical applications that may result from these findings. more...
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
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44. Activities, bioavailability, and metabolism of lipids from structural membranes and oils: Promising research on mild cognitive impairment.
- Author
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Pérez-Gálvez A, Jarén-Galán M, Garrido-Fernández J, Calvo MV, Visioli F, and Fontecha J
- Subjects
- Alzheimer Disease etiology, Alzheimer Disease metabolism, Alzheimer Disease psychology, Animals, Brain pathology, Brain physiopathology, Cognitive Dysfunction complications, Cognitive Dysfunction metabolism, Cognitive Dysfunction psychology, Disease Progression, Humans, Lipids adverse effects, Lipids pharmacokinetics, Nerve Degeneration, Nootropic Agents adverse effects, Nootropic Agents pharmacokinetics, Nutritional Status, Alzheimer Disease prevention & control, Brain metabolism, Cognition, Cognitive Dysfunction diet therapy, Dietary Supplements adverse effects, Lipids therapeutic use, Nootropic Agents therapeutic use
- Abstract
Concomitant with increased lifespan, large segments of the population are experiencing cognitive decline, which might progress to Alzheimer's disease (AD). Currently, there is no cure for AD and, once the neurodegenerative disorders are established, patients use pharmacologic therapy to slow the progression of the symptoms and require appropriate care to manage their condition. The preclinical stage of neural degeneration that progress through mild cognitive impairment (MCI) before the onset of AD is when it might be possible to introduce behavioral changes and pharma-nutritional interventions that modify the risk factors of MCI conversion to AD. Some food components accumulate in brain tissues, where they play essential roles. Among them, polar lipids, omega 3 fatty acids, and carotenoids appear to work additively or synergistically. Therefore, there is an opportunity to formulate nutraceuticals/functional foods to slow the progression of MCI. In this paper, we review the biochemical bases and recent interventions with bioactive lipids-rich formulations. Based on accumulated evidence, we propose that appropriate large-scale trials are warranted., (Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.) more...
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. Effect of Beta Cyclodextrin on the Reduction of Cholesterol in Ewe's Milk Manchego Cheese.
- Author
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Alonso L, Fox PF, Calvo MV, and Fontecha J
- Subjects
- Animals, Chromatography, Gas, Lipids blood, Proteolysis, Cheese analysis, Cholesterol blood, Milk chemistry, beta-Cyclodextrins pharmacology
- Abstract
Beta-cyclodextrin (β-CD) is a cyclic oligosaccharide consisting of seven glucose units and is produced from starch using cyclodextrin glycotransferase enzymes to break the polysaccharide chain and forming a cyclic polysaccharide molecule. The use of β-CD in food research for reduction of cholesterol is increasing due to its affinity for non-polar molecules such as cholesterol. The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of using β-CD in cholesterol removal from pasteurized ewe's milk Manchego cheese and evaluate the effect on the main components of the milk, lipids, and flavor characteristics. Approximately 97.6% cholesterol reduction was observed in the cheese that was treated using β-CD. Physicochemical properties (fat, moisture and protein) were not changed by the β-CD treatment, except the soluble nitrogen and non-protein nitrogen that showed slight differences after the treatment. The amount of the different components of the lipid fraction (fatty acids, triglycerides and phospholipids) were similar in cheeses treated and not treated with β-CD. Flavor compound and short chain free fatty acids were not mostly significantly influenced by the effect of the β-CD. β-CD molecules are edible and nontoxic and as a result they can be used safely for cholesterol removal processing in cheese manufacturing. Therefore, the present study suggests that β-CD treatment is an effective process for cholesterol removal from Manchego cheese while preserving its properties. more...
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
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46. Pharmacokinetics and dosing requirements of digoxin in pregnant women treated for fetal supraventricular tachycardia.
- Author
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Martin-Suarez A, Sanchez-Hernandez JG, Medina-Barajas F, Pérez-Blanco JS, Lanao JM, Garcia-Cuenllas Alvarez L, and Calvo MV
- Subjects
- Adult, Anti-Arrhythmia Agents pharmacokinetics, Digoxin pharmacokinetics, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Female, Fetal Diseases physiopathology, Humans, Models, Biological, Nonlinear Dynamics, Pregnancy, Pregnancy Trimester, Third, Retrospective Studies, Tissue Distribution, Young Adult, Anti-Arrhythmia Agents administration & dosage, Digoxin administration & dosage, Fetal Diseases drug therapy, Tachycardia, Supraventricular drug therapy
- Abstract
Background: The objective of this study was to characterize the pharmacokinetics (PK) of digoxin in pregnant women and its potential implications for drug dosing., Methods: Serum digoxin concentrations (SDCs) obtained in pregnant women treated for fetal supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) was retrospectively collected. PK analysis was comparatively performed using a two-stage approach (PKS™) and a Population PK approach (NONMEM™). As clinical outcome the fetal heart rate was recorded., Results: A total of 42 SDCs were obtained from 8 women in the 3rd trimester of pregnancy (mean age 33.0 years). The PK parameters estimated by both two-stage (volume of distribution (Vd) = 682.0 L, CV = 47.5%; serum clearance (CL) = 16.1 L/h, CV = 19%) and population approaches (Vd = 731.3 L, CV = 30.5%; CL = 18.7 L/h, CV = 17.8%) are very similar and show a clear trend of increasing drug disposition in the third trimester of pregnancy. An oral loading dose of 0.5 mg/8 h during 24 h followed by a maintenance regimen of 0.5 mg/12 h been recommended to start treatment., Conclusions: Despite the small population, these parameters could be used as a guide to calculate the initial dosage requirements in the third trimester of pregnancy for treating fetal SVT. In addition, maternal SDCs should be routinely monitored for dosage adjustment purposes. more...
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
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47. [Training degree assessment of staff producing parenteral nutrition in Pharmacy Services].
- Author
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Romero Jiménez RM, Gomis Muñoz P, Crespo C, Piñeiro G, Pérez-Pons JC, García Rodicio S, Ripa Ciaurriz C, Gimeno Ballester V, Vázquez C, Cervera M, Calvo MV, and Tejada P
- Subjects
- Electrolytes administration & dosage, Health Care Surveys, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Humans, Inservice Training, Personnel, Hospital, Pharmacy Service, Hospital, Parenteral Nutrition, Parenteral Nutrition Solutions
- Abstract
Objective: To assess the level of expertise of Pharmacy personnel in the manufacturing of total parenteral nutrition., Material and Methods: An on-line survey including 17 questions concerning key aspects of TPN manufacturing was designed. Survey monkey software was used to create the survey and to analize its results., Results: 135 answers were received. 95% of the participant Pharmacy services had written standard manufacturing procedures. 67% answered that phosphate salts should be the first electrolite to be additioned into the total parenteral nutrition and 34% affirmed that validation of the aseptic manufacturing technique was not performed. As far as personnel training was concerned, 19% of respondents had not received any specific training, although 99% considered it would be necessary to receive it., Conclusions: The polled personell has an acceptable level of expertise but adequate training courses are still necessary and should be promoted from Pharmacy services., (Copyright AULA MEDICA EDICIONES 2014. Published by AULA MEDICA. All rights reserved.) more...
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Geostatistics and Geographic Information Systems to Study the Spatial Distribution of Grapholita molesta (Busck) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in Peach Fields.
- Author
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Duarte F, Calvo MV, Borges A, and Scatoni IB
- Subjects
- Animal Distribution, Animals, Demography, Male, Uruguay, Geographic Information Systems, Lepidoptera, Prunus persica parasitology
- Abstract
The oriental fruit moth, Grapholita molesta (Busck), is the most serious pest in peach, and several insecticide applications are required to reduce crop damage to acceptable levels. Geostatistics and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) are employed to measure the range of spatial correlation of G. molesta in order to define the optimum sampling distance for performing spatial analysis and to determine the current distribution of the pest in peach orchards of southern Uruguay. From 2007 to 2010, 135 pheromone traps per season were installed and georeferenced in peach orchards distributed over 50,000 ha. Male adult captures were recorded weekly from September to April. Structural analysis of the captures was performed, yielding 14 semivariograms for the accumulated captures analyzed by generation and growing season. Two sets of maps were constructed to describe the pest distribution. Nine significant models were obtained in the 14 evaluated periods. The range estimated for the correlation was from 908 to 6884 m. Three hot spots of high population level and some areas with comparatively low populations were constant over the 3-year period, while there is a greater variation in the size of the population in different generations and years in other areas. more...
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. An American Clinical Training Program for Spanish Nutrition Support Pharmacists: A Three-Year Experience.
- Author
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Dickerson RN, Martinez EM, Fraile MC, Giménez J, and Calvo MV
- Abstract
A clinical nutrition support pharmacist training program, in collaboration with the Spanish Foundation of Hospital Pharmacy, Spanish Society of Clinical Nutrition, Abbott Nutrition International, University of Tennessee, College of Pharmacy and Regional One Health, is described. Nutrition support pharmacists from Spain were selected to participate in a one-month training program with an experienced board-certified nutrition support pharmacist faculty member within an interdisciplinary nutrition support team environment in the U.S. Participants were expected to actively engage in an advanced clinical practice role with supervision. Clinical activities included daily intensive patient monitoring, physical assessment, critical evaluation of the patient and development of an appropriate treatment plan for patients receiving either enteral or parenteral nutrition therapy. Upon successful completion of the training program, participants were anticipated to incorporate these techniques into their current practice in Spain and to train other pharmacists to function in an advanced clinical role independently or within an interdisciplinary nutrition support team environment. more...
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. PEG-Interferon-α ribavirin-induced HCV viral clearance: a pharmacogenetic multicenter Spanish study.
- Author
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Milara J, Outeda-Macias M, Aumente-Rubio MD, Más-Serrano P, Aldaz A, Calvo MV, García-Simón MS, Martin-Barbero M, Padullés-Zamora N, Schoenenberger JA, Saavedra-Aldrich M, Tévar-Alfonso E, Saval A, Pastor-Clerigues A, García M, Margusino-Framiñan L, Montero-Alvarez JL, Merino E, Herrero JI, Beunza M, Conesa-Zamora P, Gimenez-Manzorro A, Comas-Sugrañes D, Cano-Marron M, Jiménez-Mutiloa E, Díaz-Ruíz P, and Cortijo J more...
- Subjects
- Adult, Cohort Studies, Female, Hepacivirus, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Pharmacogenetics, Polyethylene Glycols, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Prospective Studies, Spain, Viral Load, Antiviral Agents therapeutic use, Hepatitis C drug therapy, Hepatitis C virology, Interferon-alpha therapeutic use, Ribavirin therapeutic use
- Abstract
Objective: Dual PEGylated interferon-α (PEG-IFN) and ribavirin therapy has been the main hepatitis C virus (HCV) treatment of the last decade. Current direct-acting antiviral agents have improved the outcome of therapy but also have increased the cost and management complexity of treatment. The current study analyzes host genetics, viral and clinical predictors of sustained viral response (SVR) to dual PEG-IFN and ribavirin therapy in a representative Spanish population., Methods: Observational prospective multicentre pharmacogenetic cohort study conducted in 12 different hospitals of 12 different Spanish regions. A total of 98 patients with SVR and 106 with non-SVR in response to PEG-IFN and ribavirin therapy were included. 33 single nucleotide polymorphisms located in 24 different genes related with inflammatory, immune and virus response were selected. Clinical and viral data were also analyzed as candidate of SVR predictors., Results: IL-28B (rs12979860, rs7248668, rs8105790, rs8099917) and TNFRSF1B (rs1061622) genotypes, as well as TNFRSF1B/IL-10/TNFα (-308) non-TTG and TNFRSF1B/IL- 10/IL-4 non-TTC haplotypes together with lower age, lower basal HCV RNA load, higher basal serum LDL cholesterol values, VHC genotypes 2 and 3 and basal low grade fibrosis 0-2 were associated with a SVR in the univariate analysis. Independent predictors of SVR in the multivariate analysis were IL-28B rs12979860 CC, TNFRSF1B/IL-10/IL-4 non-TTC along with low baseline HCV RNA load and HCV genotypes 2 and 3., Conclusions: IL-28B rs12979860 CC, TNFRSF1B/ IL-10/ IL-4 non-TTC haplotype, low baseline HCV RNA load and HCV genotypes 2 and 3 may help to predict successful outcome to PEG-IFN/ribavirin therapy in Spanish population., (Copyright AULA MEDICA EDICIONES 2014. Published by AULA MEDICA. All rights reserved.) more...
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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