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2. A fast numerical algorithm for finding all real solutions to a system of N nonlinear equations in a finite domain

Author

Chueca-Diez, Fernando and Ganan-Calvo, Alfonso M.

Subjects
Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Systems and Control
Abstract

A highly recurrent traditional bottleneck in applied mathematics, for which the most popular codes (Mathematica and Matlab) do not offer a solution, is to find all the real solutions of a system of N nonlinear equations in a certain finite domain of the N-dimensional space of variables. We present an algorithm of minimum length and computational weight to solve this problem, resembling a graphical tool of edge detection in an image extended to N dimensions. Once the hypersurfaces (edges) defined by each nonlinear equation have been identified in a single, simultaneous step, the coincidence of the hypersurfaces in the vicinity of all the hyperpoints that constitute the solutions makes the final Newton-Raphson step rapidly convergent to all the solutions with the desired degree of accuracy. As long as N remains smaller than about five, which is often the case for physical systems that depend on fewer than five parameters, this approach demonstrates excellent effectiveness., Comment: 10 pages, 3 figures

Published
2023

4. G9a/DNMT1 co-targeting inhibits non-small cell lung cancer growth and reprograms tumor cells to respond to cancer-drugs through SCARA5 and AOX1

Author

Exposito, Francisco, Redrado, Miriam, Serrano, Diego, Calabuig-Fariñas, Silvia, Bao-Caamano, Aida, Gallach, Sandra, Jantus-Lewintre, Eloisa, Diaz-Lagares, Angel, Rodriguez-Casanova, Aitor, Sandoval, Juan, San Jose-Eneriz, Edurne, Garcia, Javier, Redin, Esther, Senent, Yaiza, Leon, Sergio, Pio, Ruben, Lopez, Rafael, Oyarzabal, Julen, Pineda-Lucena, Antonio, Agirre, Xabier, Montuenga, Luis M., Prosper, Felipe, and Calvo, Alfonso

Published
2024
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5. Arid, mosaic environments during the Plio-Pleistocene transition and early hominin dispersals in northern Africa

Author

Ramírez-Pedraza, Iván, Tornero, Carlos, Aouraghe, Hassan, Rivals, Florent, Patalano, Robert, Haddoumi, Hamid, Expósito, Isabel, Rodríguez-Hidalgo, Antonio, Mischke, Steffen, van der Made, Jan, Piñero, Pedro, Blain, Hugues-Alexandre, Roberts, Patrick, Jha, Deepak Kumar, Agustí, Jordi, Sánchez-Bandera, Christian, Lemjidi, Abdelkhalek, Benito-Calvo, Alfonso, Moreno-Ribas, Elena, Oujaa, Aïcha, Mhamdi, Hicham, Souhir, Mohamed, Aissa, Al Mahdi, Chacón, M. Gema, and Sala-Ramos, Robert

Published
2024
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7. A revision on Rayleigh capillary jet breakup

Author

Ganan-Calvo, Alfonso M.

Subjects
Physics - Fluid Dynamics
Abstract

The average Rayleigh capillary breakup length of a cylindrical Newtonian viscous liquid jet moving with homogeneous velocity $\hat{U}$ (negligible external forces) must be determined by the selection of normal modes with time-independent amplitude and wavelength (invariant modes, IMs). Both positive and negative group velocity IMs exist in ample ranges of the parameter domain (Weber and Ohnesorge numbers), which explains (i) the average breakup length independence on ambient conditions (long-term resonance), and (ii) its proportionality to the inverse of the spatial growth rate of the dominant positive group velocity IM. Published experimental results since Grace (1965, PhD Thesis) confirm our proposal., Comment: 9 pages, 7 figures

Published
2022

9. The ocean fine spray

Author

Ganan-Calvo, Alfonso M.

Subjects
Physics - Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics, Physics - Fluid Dynamics
Abstract

A major fraction of the atmospheric aerosols come from the ocean spray originated by the bursting of bubbles from breaking waves. A theoretical framework that incorporates the latest knowledge on film and jet droplets from bubble bursting is proposed. Assuming that their relics constitute the ultimate origin of primary and secondary sea aerosols through a diversity of physicochemical routes, the model can be reduced to a single controlling parameter to predict the global probability density distribution (pdf) of the ocean spray. The bursting and collapse of small bubbles on the sea surface from about 10 to 100 microns produces an extreme energy focusing and the ejection of a rapid liquid spout whose size reaches the free molecular regime of the gaseous environment. In these rarefied conditions, simulations show that this spout yields a jet of sub-micrometer and nanometric scale droplets whose number and speed can be far beyond any previous estimation, overcoming by orders of magnitude alternative mechanisms recently proposed. The one-parameter model fits remarkably well published experimental measurements along five orders of magnitude of spray size, from about 5 nm to about 0.5 mm. According to this proposal, the majority of aerosols determining the life on our planet would have their extremely elusive birth in the uterus-like nano-shape of small bursting bubbles on the ocean surface at the very latest instants of collapse., Comment: 12 pages, 13 figures

Published
2022
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15. Megahertz pulse trains enable multi-hit serial femtosecond crystallography experiments at X-ray free electron lasers

Author

Holmes, Susannah, Kirkwood, Henry J, Bean, Richard, Giewekemeyer, Klaus, Martin, Andrew V, Hadian-Jazi, Marjan, Wiedorn, Max O, Oberthür, Dominik, Marman, Hugh, Adriano, Luigi, Al-Qudami, Nasser, Bajt, Saša, Barák, Imrich, Bari, Sadia, Bielecki, Johan, Brockhauser, Sandor, Coleman, Mathew A, Cruz-Mazo, Francisco, Danilevski, Cyril, Dörner, Katerina, Gañán-Calvo, Alfonso M, Graceffa, Rita, Fanghor, Hans, Heymann, Michael, Frank, Matthias, Kaukher, Alexander, Kim, Yoonhee, Kobe, Bostjan, Knoška, Juraj, Laurus, Torsten, Letrun, Romain, Maia, Luis, Messerschmidt, Marc, Metz, Markus, Michelat, Thomas, Mills, Grant, Molodtsov, Serguei, Monteiro, Diana CF, Morgan, Andrew J, Münnich, Astrid, Peña Murillo, Gisel E, Previtali, Gianpietro, Round, Adam, Sato, Tokushi, Schubert, Robin, Schulz, Joachim, Shelby, Megan, Seuring, Carolin, Sellberg, Jonas A, Sikorski, Marcin, Silenzi, Alessandro, Stern, Stephan, Sztuk-Dambietz, Jola, Szuba, Janusz, Trebbin, Martin, Vagovic, Patrick, Ve, Thomas, Weinhausen, Britta, Wrona, Krzysztof, Xavier, Paul Lourdu, Xu, Chen, Yefanov, Oleksandr, Nugent, Keith A, Chapman, Henry N, Mancuso, Adrian P, Barty, Anton, Abbey, Brian, and Darmanin, Connie

Subjects
Inorganic Chemistry, Chemical Sciences, Physical Sciences, Biological Sciences, Crystallography, X-Ray, Electrons, Lasers, Radiography, X-Rays
Abstract

The European X-ray Free Electron Laser (XFEL) and Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS) II are extremely intense sources of X-rays capable of generating Serial Femtosecond Crystallography (SFX) data at megahertz (MHz) repetition rates. Previous work has shown that it is possible to use consecutive X-ray pulses to collect diffraction patterns from individual crystals. Here, we exploit the MHz pulse structure of the European XFEL to obtain two complete datasets from the same lysozyme crystal, first hit and the second hit, before it exits the beam. The two datasets, separated by

Published
2022

19. The fractal time growth of COVID-19 pandemic: an accurate self-similar model, and urgent conclusions

Author

Ganan-Calvo, Alfonso M. and Ramos, Juan A. Hernandez

Subjects
Quantitative Biology - Populations and Evolution, Nonlinear Sciences - Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems, Physics - Physics and Society
Abstract

Current available data of the worldwide impact of the COVID-19 pandemic has been analyzed using dimensional analysis and self-similarity hypotheses. We show that the time series of infected population and deaths of the most impacted and unprepared countries exhibits an asymptotic power law behavior, compatible with the propagation of a signal in a fractal network. We propose a model which predicts an asymptotically self-similar expansion of deaths in time before containment, and the final death toll under total containment measures, as a function of the delay in taking those measures after the expansion is observed. The physics of the model resembles the expansion of a flame in a homogeneous domain with a fractal dimension 3.75. After containment measures are taken, the natural fractal structure of the network is drastically altered and a secondary evolution is observed. This evolution, akin to the homogeneous combustion in a static isolated enclosure with a final quenching, has a characteristic time of 20.1 days, according to available data of the pandemic behavior in China. The proposed model is remarkably consistent with available data, which supports the simplifying hypotheses made in the model. A universal formulation for a quarantine as a function of that delay is also proposed.

Published
2020

21. On the physics of transient ejection from bubble bursting

Author

Ganan-Calvo, Alfonso M. and Lopez-Herrera, Jose M.

Subjects
Physics - Fluid Dynamics
Abstract

The transient ejection due to a bubble bursting at the interface of a liquid with a gas environment is here described using a dynamical scaling analysis along the process. We show here that the ejection of a liquid microjet requires the backfire of a vortex ring inside the liquid to preserve physical symmetry, which involves a non-trivial scaling. We present the first single uniformly valid expression for the size and speed of ejected droplets for the whole range of the Ohnesorge and Bond numbers where droplet ejection occurs. The evolution of the flow variables, the apparent singularity for a critical Ohnesorge number, and the dispersion of data around this point are explained. Our model generalizes or displaces other recently proposed ones, impacting for instance the statistical description of sea spray., Comment: 10 pages, 3 figures

Published
2019

22. Dripping, jetting and tip streaming

Author

Montanero, Jose M. and Ganan-Calvo, Alfonso M.

Subjects
Physics - Fluid Dynamics
Abstract

Dripping, jetting and tip streaming have been studied up to a certain point separately by both fluid mechanics and microfluidics communities, the former focusing on fundamental aspects while the latter on applications. Here, we intend to review this field from a global perspective by considering and linking the two sides of the problem. In the first part, we present the theoretical model used to study interfacial flows arising in droplet-based microfluidics, paying attention to three elements commonly present in applications: viscoelasticity, electric fields and surfactants. We review both classical and current results about the stability of jets affected by these elements. Mechanisms leading to the breakup of jets to produce drops are reviewed as well, including some recent advances in this field. We also consider the relatively scarce theoretical studies on the emergence and stability of tip streaming flows. In the second part of this review, we focus on axisymmetric microfluidic configurations which can operate on the dripping and jetting modes either in a direct (standard) way or via tip streaming. We present the dimensionless parameters characterizing these configurations, the scaling laws which allow predicting the size of the resulting droplets and bubbles, as well as those delimiting the parameter windows where tip streaming can be found. Special attention is paid to electrospray and flow focusing, two of the techniques more frequently used in continuous drop production microfluidics. We aim to connect experimental observations described in this section of topics with fundamental and general aspects described in the first part of the review. This work closes with some prospects at both fundamental and practical levels., Comment: 63 pages, 55 figures

Published
2019

23. The natural breakup length of a steady capillary jet

Author

Ganan-Calvo, Alfonso M., Chapman, Henry N., Heymann, Michael, Wiedorn, Max O., Knoska, Juraj, Du, Yang, Ganan-Riesco, Braulio, Herrada, Miguel A., Lopez-Herrera, Jose M., Cruz-Mazo, Francisco, Bajt, Sasa, and Montanero, Jose M.

Subjects
Physics - Fluid Dynamics
Abstract

Despite their fundamental and applied importance, a general model to predict the natural breakup length of steady capillary jets has not been proposed yet. In this work, we derive a scaling law with two universal constants to calculate that length as a function of the liquid properties and operating conditions. These constants are determined by fitting the scaling law to a large set of experimental and numerical measurements, including previously published data. Both the experimental and numerical jet lengths conform remarkably well to the proposed scaling law. This law is explained in terms of the growth of perturbations excited by the jet breakup itself., Comment: 6 pages, 7 figures

Published
2019

24. Evaluation of trefoil factor 3 as a non-invasive biomarker of gastric intestinal metaplasia and gastric cancer in a high-risk population

Author

Latorre, Gonzalo, Pizarro, Margarita, Ford, James Stephen, Gándara, Vicente, Muñoz, Gonzalo, Araya, Juan Carlos, Bellolio, Enrique, Villaseca, Miguel, Fuentes-López, Eduardo, Cortés, Pablo, Rollán, Antonio, Bufadel, María Ester, Araya, Raúl, Vargas, José Ignacio, Espino, Alberto, Sharp, Allan, Agüero, Carlos, Donoso, Andrés, Bresky, Gustavo, Pedrero, Pamela, Rueda, Carlos, Calvo, Alfonso, Odagaki, Tomoyuki, Moriyama, Tomohiko, Ishida, Tsukasa, Parra-Blanco, Adolfo, Camargo, M. Constanza, González, Robinson, Corvalán, Alejandro H., and Riquelme, Arnoldo

Published
2023
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26. Targeted siRNA lipid nanoparticles for the treatment of KRAS-mutant tumors

Author

Anthiya, Shubaash, Öztürk, Süleyman Can, Yanik, Hamdullah, Tavukcuoglu, Ece, Şahin, Adem, Datta, Dhrubajyoti, Charisse, Klaus, Álvarez, David Moreira, Loza, María Isabel, Calvo, Alfonso, Sulheim, Einar, Loevenich, Simon, Klinkenberg, Geir, Schmid, Ruth, Manoharan, Muthiah, Esendağlı, Güneş, and Alonso, Maria Jose

Published
2023
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28. Contributors

Author

Afkhami, Abbas, primary, Aguirre, Miguel Ángel, additional, Ahmadi, Mazaher, additional, Álvarez-Fernández García, Roberto, additional, Amouzegar, Zahra, additional, Asadi, Sepideh, additional, Bahrani, Sonia, additional, Bettmer, Jörg, additional, Canals, Antonio, additional, Corte-Rodríguez, Mario, additional, Costas-Rodriguez, Marta, additional, de Gois, Jefferson Santos, additional, Fathi, Ali, additional, Fereja, Tadesse Haile, additional, Gañán-Calvo, Alfonso M., additional, García-Cancela, Paula, additional, Georgieva, Deyana, additional, Jankowski, Krzysztof, additional, López-Herrera, José M., additional, Madrakian, Tayyebeh, additional, Modesto-López, Luis B., additional, Mollarasouli, Fariba, additional, Montes-Bayón, María, additional, Ślachciński, Mariusz, additional, and Xu, Guobao, additional

Published
2023
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29. Electrospray

Author

Gañán-Calvo, Alfonso M., primary, López-Herrera, José M., additional, and Modesto-López, Luis B., additional

Published
2023
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30. First magnetostratigraphic results in the Aïn Beni Mathar-Guefaït Basin, Northern High Plateaus (Morocco): The Pliocene-Pleistocene Dhar Iroumyane composite section

Author

Parés, Josep M., Haddoumi, Hamid, Duval, Mathieu, Aouraghe, Hassan, Álvarez-Posada, Claudia, Pla-Pueyo, Sila, Benito-Calvo, Alfonso, Rodríguez-Hidalgo, Antonio, Van der Made, Jan, Piñero, Pedro, Agustí, Jordi, Oujaa, Aïcha, Grün, Rainer, Chacón, María Gema, and Sala-Ramos, Robert

Published
2023
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31. The scaling of exploding liquid jets under intense X-ray pulses

Author

Ganan-Calvo, Alfonso M.

Subjects
Physics - Fluid Dynamics
Abstract

A general scaling of the evolution of an exploding liquid jet under an ultra short and intense X-ray pulse from a X-ray free electron laser (XFEL) is proposed. A general formulation of the conservation of energy for blasts in vacuum partially against a deformable object leads to a compact expression that governs the evolution of the gap produced by the explosion. The theoretical analysis contemplates two asymptotic stages for small and large times from the initiation of the blast. A complete dimensional analysis of the problem and an optimal collapse of experimental data reveal that the universal approximate analytical solution proposed is in remarkable agreement with experiments.

Published
2018
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32. Scaling laws of top jet drop size and speed from bubble bursting including gravity and inviscid limit

Author

Ganan-Calvo, Alfonso M.

Subjects
Physics - Fluid Dynamics
Abstract

Jet droplets from bubble bursting are determined by a limited parametrical space: the liquid properties (surface tension, viscosity, and density), mother bubble size and acceleration of gravity. Thus, the two resulting parameters from dimensional analysis (usually, the Ohnesorge and Bond numbers, Oh and Bo) completely define this phenomenon when both the trapped gas in the bubble and the environment gas have negligible density. A detailed physical description of the ejection process to model both the ejected droplet radius and its initial launch speed is provided, leading to a scaling law including both Oh and Bo. Two critical values of Oh determine two limiting situations: one (Oh$_1$=0.038) is the critical value for which the ejected droplet size is minimum and the ejection speed maximum, and the other (Oh$_2$=0.0045) is a new critical value which signals when viscous effects vanish. Gravity effects (Bo) are consistently introduced from energy conservation principles. The proposed scaling laws produce a remarkable collapse of published experimental measurements collected for both the ejected droplet radius and ejection speed., Comment: 14 pages, three figures, published in 2018 in Physical Review Fluids

Published
2018
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33. YES1 Is a Druggable Oncogenic Target in SCLC

Author

Redin, Esther, Garrido-Martin, Eva M., Valencia, Karmele, Redrado, Miriam, Solorzano, Jose Luis, Carias, Rafael, Echepare, Mirari, Exposito, Francisco, Serrano, Diego, Ferrer, Irene, Nunez-Buiza, Angel, Garmendia, Irati, García-Pedrero, Juana M., Gurpide, Alfonso, Paz-Ares, Luis, Politi, Katerina, Montuenga, Luis M., and Calvo, Alfonso

Published
2022
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36. Stratification of radiosensitive brain metastases based on an actionable S100A9/RAGE resistance mechanism

Author

Monteiro, Cátia, Miarka, Lauritz, Perea-García, María, Priego, Neibla, García-Gómez, Pedro, Álvaro-Espinosa, Laura, de Pablos-Aragoneses, Ana, Yebra, Natalia, Retana, Diana, Baena, Patricia, Fustero-Torre, Coral, Graña-Castro, Osvaldo, Troulé, Kevin, Caleiras, Eduardo, Tezanos, Patricia, Muela, Pablo, Cintado, Elisa, Trejo, José Luis, Sepúlveda, Juan Manuel, González-León, Pedro, Jiménez-Roldán, Luis, Moreno, Luis Miguel, Esteban, Olga, Pérez-Núñez, Ángel, Hernández-Lain, Aurelio, Mazarico Gallego, José, Ferrer, Irene, Suárez, Rocío, Garrido-Martín, Eva M., Paz-Ares, Luis, Dalmasso, Celine, Cohen-Jonathan Moyal, Elizabeth, Siegfried, Aurore, Hegarty, Aisling, Keelan, Stephen, Varešlija, Damir, Young, Leonie S., Mohme, Malte, Goy, Yvonne, Wikman, Harriet, Fernández-Alén, Jose, Blasco, Guillermo, Alcázar, Lucía, Cabañuz, Clara, Grivennikov, Sergei I., Ianus, Andrada, Shemesh, Noam, Faria, Claudia C., Lee, Rebecca, Lorigan, Paul, Le Rhun, Emilie, Weller, Michael, Soffietti, Riccardo, Bertero, Luca, Ricardi, Umberto, Bosch-Barrera, Joaquim, Sais, Elia, Teixidor, Eduard, Hernández-Martínez, Alejandro, Calvo, Alfonso, Aristu, Javier, Martin, Santiago M., Gonzalez, Alvaro, Adler, Omer, Erez, Neta, and Valiente, Manuel

Published
2022
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42. Not only domestic spaces: dismantling short‐term occupations in Level 497D of Cova Gran de Santa Linya (Pre‐Pyrenees, Spain).

Author

Sánchez‐Romero, Laura, Martínez‐Moreno, Jorge, Benito‐Calvo, Alfonso, Sánchez‐Martínez, Javier, and Torcal, Rafael Mora

Subjects
DOMESTIC space, PALEOLITHIC Period, CAVES, GEOGRAPHIC information systems, PALIMPSESTS
Abstract

The Early Upper Paleolithic Level 497D of Cova Gran (Pre‐Pyrenees, Spain) comprises large assemblages of lithics, fauna, hearths, ash accumulations and well‐preserved refitting sequences. This provides exceptional information to analyze spatial patterns and deepen our understanding of the socio‐economic behavior of these human groups. This large interdisciplinary dataset has allowed us to carry out a detailed spatial study based on density analysis, geostatistics, fabric analysis and orientation techniques, revealing a structuring of the activities performed within the rock shelter. The distribution and accumulation of lithic artifacts, fauna and refits, and their association with the 10 hearths and ash accumulations, show that different types of activities were developed at the site, as well as showing the different uses of the hearths. 497D is a palimpsest where several short‐term occupations and/or activities could have occurred in a relatively short period of time, avoiding prolonged exposure to biotic and abiotic post‐depositional factors that could have significantly disturbed this well‐preserved assemblage. This level shows a place visited several times in relation to the development of specific activities, with movements throughout the landscape for the exploitation of local and regional resources, and less so its use as a domestic space. This implies that the central settlement, or dwelling space, would have been located somewhere other than Cova Gran. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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44. Megahertz serial crystallography

Author

Wiedorn, Max O, Oberthür, Dominik, Bean, Richard, Schubert, Robin, Werner, Nadine, Abbey, Brian, Aepfelbacher, Martin, Adriano, Luigi, Allahgholi, Aschkan, Al-Qudami, Nasser, Andreasson, Jakob, Aplin, Steve, Awel, Salah, Ayyer, Kartik, Bajt, Saša, Barák, Imrich, Bari, Sadia, Bielecki, Johan, Botha, Sabine, Boukhelef, Djelloul, Brehm, Wolfgang, Brockhauser, Sandor, Cheviakov, Igor, Coleman, Matthew A, Cruz-Mazo, Francisco, Danilevski, Cyril, Darmanin, Connie, Doak, R Bruce, Domaracky, Martin, Dörner, Katerina, Du, Yang, Fangohr, Hans, Fleckenstein, Holger, Frank, Matthias, Fromme, Petra, Gañán-Calvo, Alfonso M, Gevorkov, Yaroslav, Giewekemeyer, Klaus, Ginn, Helen Mary, Graafsma, Heinz, Graceffa, Rita, Greiffenberg, Dominic, Gumprecht, Lars, Göttlicher, Peter, Hajdu, Janos, Hauf, Steffen, Heymann, Michael, Holmes, Susannah, Horke, Daniel A, Hunter, Mark S, Imlau, Siegfried, Kaukher, Alexander, Kim, Yoonhee, Klyuev, Alexander, Knoška, Juraj, Kobe, Bostjan, Kuhn, Manuela, Kupitz, Christopher, Küpper, Jochen, Lahey-Rudolph, Janine Mia, Laurus, Torsten, Le Cong, Karoline, Letrun, Romain, Xavier, P Lourdu, Maia, Luis, Maia, Filipe RNC, Mariani, Valerio, Messerschmidt, Marc, Metz, Markus, Mezza, Davide, Michelat, Thomas, Mills, Grant, Monteiro, Diana CF, Morgan, Andrew, Mühlig, Kerstin, Munke, Anna, Münnich, Astrid, Nette, Julia, Nugent, Keith A, Nuguid, Theresa, Orville, Allen M, Pandey, Suraj, Pena, Gisel, Villanueva-Perez, Pablo, Poehlsen, Jennifer, Previtali, Gianpietro, Redecke, Lars, Riekehr, Winnie Maria, Rohde, Holger, Round, Adam, Safenreiter, Tatiana, Sarrou, Iosifina, Sato, Tokushi, Schmidt, Marius, Schmitt, Bernd, Schönherr, Robert, Schulz, Joachim, Sellberg, Jonas A, Seibert, M Marvin, and Seuring, Carolin

Subjects
Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chemical Sciences, Biological Sciences
Abstract

The new European X-ray Free-Electron Laser is the first X-ray free-electron laser capable of delivering X-ray pulses with a megahertz inter-pulse spacing, more than four orders of magnitude higher than previously possible. However, to date, it has been unclear whether it would indeed be possible to measure high-quality diffraction data at megahertz pulse repetition rates. Here, we show that high-quality structures can indeed be obtained using currently available operating conditions at the European XFEL. We present two complete data sets, one from the well-known model system lysozyme and the other from a so far unknown complex of a β-lactamase from K. pneumoniae involved in antibiotic resistance. This result opens up megahertz serial femtosecond crystallography (SFX) as a tool for reliable structure determination, substrate screening and the efficient measurement of the evolution and dynamics of molecular structures using megahertz repetition rate pulses available at this new class of X-ray laser source.

Published
2018

48. MIS5-MIS3 Neanderthal occupations at Amalda III cave (Northern Iberian Peninsula)

Author

Rios Garaizar, Joseba, Sanchez Romero, Laura, Arriolabengoa, Martín, Benito Calvo, Alfonso, Expósito, Isabel, Miren Del Val, Karambaglidis, T., Marín Arroyo, Ana B., Pérez Garrido, Carlos, Arenas Sorriqueta, Elene, Eixea, Aleix, Gómez Olivencia, Asier, Agudo Pérez, Lucía, San Emeterio, Aixa, Arkeologi Taldea,Antxieta, Rios Garaizar, Joseba, Sanchez Romero, Laura, Arriolabengoa, Martín, Benito Calvo, Alfonso, Expósito, Isabel, Miren Del Val, Karambaglidis, T., Marín Arroyo, Ana B., Pérez Garrido, Carlos, Arenas Sorriqueta, Elene, Eixea, Aleix, Gómez Olivencia, Asier, Agudo Pérez, Lucía, San Emeterio, Aixa, and Arkeologi Taldea,Antxieta

Abstract

The arrival, occupation, and disappearance of Neanderthals in the Cantabrian region is the subject of a long-running debate that continues to this day. Knowledge of the evolution of Neanderthal societies since the end of the Middle Pleistocene in the north of the Iberian Peninsula is greatly impacted by the scarcity of a good chronological framework. This absence of good data creates difficulties in evaluating the cultural adaptations of these populations to environmental changes and their historical dynamics. The Amalda III cave, surveyed in 1983-84, contains a sequence of occupations ranging from the end of MIS5 (Levallois with Mousterian points and bifaces) to the beginning of MIS3 (Vasconian). It is possible to observe substantial changes in the environmental conditions and cultural responses of Neanderthal groups that inhabited the cave. Here we present the first results of the Amalda III sequence, which is currently being excavated by an interdisciplinary team. Our objective is to test, enrich and refine the regional environmental and Neanderthal cultural framework and the transformations that took place between the MIS5 and the MIS3. These new data are compared with the information available from several Middle Paleolithic sites in the region, advancing our understanding of the behavioural adaptations of Neanderthals to different ecological and socio-cultural situations between ca. 100 and 45 kyr BP in the Eastern Cantabrian region. In this way, we will be able to deepen our interpretation of the processes of cultural change of the last groups of Neanderthals that inhabited this region., Gipuzkoako Foru Aldundia, Ayuntamiento de Zestoa, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación, Next Generation European Funds, MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033/and “FEDER, ERC Subsilience project, Depto. de Mineralogía y Petrología, Fac. de Ciencias Geológicas, TRUE, pub

Published
2024

49. Applying electrical resistivity tomography to the identification of endokarstic geometries in the Pleistocene Sites of the Sierra de Atapuerca (Burgos, Spain)

Author

Ortega, Ana Isabel, Benito Calvo, Alfonso, Porres Benito, José Ángel, Pérez González, Alfredo, Martín Merino, Miguel Ángel, Ortega, Ana Isabel, Benito Calvo, Alfonso, Porres Benito, José Ángel, Pérez González, Alfredo, and Martín Merino, Miguel Ángel

Abstract

In this paper we have applied the electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) in order to prospect and to analyse the morphological and geological subsurface of the Torcas-Cueva Mayor endokarst system (Sierra de Atapuerca). These works are essential to establish the development of the sedimentary infills where the Early and Middle Pleistocene archaeo-palaeoanthropological sites of the Sierra de Atapuerca are located. The prospecting was based on the elaboration of 15 ERT sections, which were interpreted using topographic, archaeological, geological and geomorphological data. Through this procedure we have indentified the endokarst morphologies and the main lithological groups. The latter correspond to the Upper Cretaceous limestones and dolostones (> 1500 ohm m−1) and Neogene sediments and Quaternary valley infills (< 400 ohm m−1). The endokarst structures inside the Upper Cretaceous carbonates were related to empty cavities (> 1500 ohm m−1), passages filled with speleothems (400–1500 ohm m−1and with detrital materials (< 400 ohm m−1), such as the deposits of the Dolina, Elefante and Galería sites. The analysis of these subsurface structures shows that the karstic passages present a regular south–north development, starting with subsurface faults detected in the north margin of the main valley (Arlanzón River) and finishing along the Pico valley headwaters. These passages were cut off by the Pleistocene incision of the Sierra de Atapuerca minor valleys (e.g. Propiedad valley), forming entrances to caves that were occupied by hominids and fauna from Early Pleistocene times., This work was supported by the research projects BXX2000-1258-03-02, BOSS2003-08938-C03-01 and CGL2006-13532-C03-02 of the Dirección General de Investigación Científica y Técnica (DGICYT), and by the Junta de Castilla y León.

Published
2024

50. Regenerated Silk Fibers Obtained by Straining Flow Spinning for Guiding Axonal Elongation in Primary Cortical Neurons

Author

Panetsos Petrova, Fivos, Mercado, José, Pérez Rigueiro, José, González Nieto, Daniel, Lozano Picazo, Paloma, López , Patricia, Elices , Manuel, Gañán Calvo, Alfonso M., Guinea , Gustavo V., Ramos Gómez , Milagros, Panetsos Petrova, Fivos, Mercado, José, Pérez Rigueiro, José, González Nieto, Daniel, Lozano Picazo, Paloma, López , Patricia, Elices , Manuel, Gañán Calvo, Alfonso M., Guinea , Gustavo V., and Ramos Gómez , Milagros

Abstract

The recovery of injured nervous tissue, one of the main goals for regenerative therapeutic approaches, is often hindered by the limited axonal regeneration ability of the central nervous system (CNS). In this regard, the identification of scaffolds that support the reconstruction of functional neuronal tissues and guide the alignment of regenerating neurons is a major challenge in tissue engineering. Ideally, the usage of such scaffolds would promote and guide the axonal growth, a crucial phase for the restoration of neuronal connections and, consequently, the nerve function. Among the materials proposed as scaffolds for CNS regeneration, silk has been used to exploit its outstanding features as a biomaterial to promote axonal regeneration. In this study, we explore, for the first time, the possibility of using high-performance regenerated silk fibers obtained by straining flow spinning (SFS) to serve as scaffolds for inducing and guiding the axonal growth. It is shown that SFS fibers promote the spontaneous organization of dissociated cortical primary cells into highly interconnected cellular spheroid-like tissue formations. Neuronal projections (i.e., axons) from these cellular spheroids span hundreds of microns along the SFS fibers that act as guides and allow the connection of distant spheroids. In addition, it is also shown that SFS fibers serve as scaffolds for neuronal migration covering short and long distances. As a consequence, the usage of high-performance SFS fibers appears as a promising basis for the development of novel therapies, leading to directed axonal regeneration., Comunidad de Madrid (S2017/BMD-3760), Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MAT2016-79832-R), Depto. de Biodiversidad, Ecología y Evolución, Centro de Vigilancia Sanitaria Veterinaria (VISAVET), TRUE, pub

Published
2024

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