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In dealing with refractive surgery as a subspecialty, a thorough understanding of the optical properties of the eye and corneal surface measurements are necessary. This foundational information allows us to understand the optics of laser vision correction and laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK). Also, the customization of LASIK with topography or wavefront sensing allows us to look at the optics of refractive surgery in a whole new light. Understanding aberrations and how they may be corrected will allow us to achieve a potential for better visual acuity than a patient's best corrected acuity naturally. This article addresses the most important issues regarding the optics of refractive surgery