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2. Enhanced Transcription of Human Endogenous Retroviruses and TRIM28 Downregulation in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease.

Author

Tovo, Pier-Angelo, Ribaldone, Davide Giuseppe, Galliano, Ilaria, Caviglia, Gian Paolo, Dini, Maddalena, Veglio, Valentina, Calvi, Cristina, Montanari, Paola, Pitoni, Demis, Frara, Simone, Tribocco, Elisa, Poshnjari, Anxhela, and Bergallo, Massimiliano

Abstract

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) includes patients affected by Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis. IBD is thought to be a chronic immune-mediated disease, but its origin remains elusive, and this limits new therapeutic approaches. Human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) originate from ancestral infections and represent 8% of the human genome. HERVs are no longer infectious, but some retroviral sequences can be activated, and their aberrant expressions have been implicated in inflammatory and autoimmune disorders. HERV transcription is regulated by TRIM28 and SETDB1, which are also directly involved in epigenetic processes and modulation of the immune response. Using a PCR real-time Taqman amplification assay, we assessed, for the first time, the transcription levels of pol genes of HERV-H, -K, and -W families of env genes of syncytin 1 (SYN1), SYN2, and HERV-W, as well as of TRIM28 and SETDB1 in the whole blood of 48 patients with Crohn's disease (CD), 20 with ulcerative colitis (UC), and in healthy controls (HC) of comparable age. The transcriptional levels of HERV-H-pol (p = 0.0003) and HERV-K-pol (p = 0.001) were significantly higher in IBD patients compared with HC, with no differences between patients with CD and UC. No significant differences were found for the remaining HERVs between IBD patients and HC. The transcript levels of TRIM28 were significantly downregulated in IBD patients (p < 0.001), without differences between CD and UC, while the SETDB1 levels were preserved. The enhanced transcription of HERV-H-pol and HERV-K-pol, as well as the impaired activation of TRIM28, were not influenced by clinical disease activity and type of treatment. The overexpression of HERVs and impaired transcription of TRIM28 in patients affected by CD or UC suggest that they might be the main actors in the pathophysiology of IBD, opening the way to innovative targeted interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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5. The Digitisation of Italian Schools and the Pandemic Trigger: Actors and Policies in an Evolving Organisational Field.

Author

Carbone, Domenico and Calvi, Cristina

Subjects
COVID-19 pandemic, PANDEMICS, ACTORS, DIGITAL technology, DISTANCE education, EXPECTATION (Psychology)
Abstract

This article analyses the ongoing processes in the organisational field of Italian schools in light of the innovations induced by digital education policies. Specifically, it focuses on the relationship between actors and digital policies concerning the experience of distance learning (DL) that characterised the period of the COVID-19 pandemic. The paper reflects on DL outcomes regarding the three expectations that have often characterised the rhetoric associated with the promotion of digital educational policies, namely: the raising of learning levels, the development of digital competences and the increase in school inclusion. Through an analysis of a series of empirical studies exploring the point of view of the paper, this paper highlights what progress has been made in the digital schooling in Italy and what are still its main limitations. The results of the study show both the limits of the effectiveness of educational policies constructed with a top-down approach and highlight the potential for policy recalibration offered by a reorganisation of the decision-making process through the active involvement of all the actors in the educational system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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12. Children with Chronic Immune Thrombocytopenia Exhibit High Expression of Human Endogenous Retroviruses TRIM28 and SETDB1

Author

Tovo, Pier-Angelo, primary, Galliano, Ilaria, additional, Parodi, Emilia, additional, Calvi, Cristina, additional, Gambarino, Stefano, additional, Licciardi, Francesco, additional, Dini, Maddalena, additional, Montanari, Paola, additional, Branca, Margherita, additional, Ramenghi, Ugo, additional, and Bergallo, Massimiliano, additional

Published
2023
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19. Pregnancy Is Associated with Impaired Transcription of Human Endogenous Retroviruses and of TRIM28 and SETDB1, Particularly in Mothers Affected by Multiple Sclerosis

Author

Tovo, Pier-Angelo, primary, Marozio, Luca, additional, Abbona, Giancarlo, additional, Calvi, Cristina, additional, Frezet, Federica, additional, Gambarino, Stefano, additional, Dini, Maddalena, additional, Benedetto, Chiara, additional, Galliano, Ilaria, additional, and Bergallo, Massimiliano, additional

Published
2023
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21. Prevalence and Clinical Profile of Human Salivirusin Children with Acute Gastroenteritis in Northern Italy, 2014–2015

Author

Bergallo, Massimiliano, Daprà, Valentina, Rassu, Marco, Bonamin, Stefano, Cuccu, Roberto, Calvi, Cristina, Montanari, Paola, and Galliano, Ilaria

Abstract

Objective:Human Salivirus(SalV) has been associated with gastroenteritis on all continents. Methods:This paper presents the real-time RT-PCR assay for the detection of SalV in clinical fecal samples collected from 192 hospitalized children with acute gastroenteritis in Piedmont, Italy. Results:The most commonly detected virus was Norovirusgenogroup II (GII) (33.8%), followed by Rotavirus(21.3%), Sapovirus(10.9%), Parechovirus(8%), NorovirusGI (6.7%), and Adenovirus(1%). PCR detected SalV in 1 (0.5%) subject. Conclusions:Our data show that the detection rate of SalV in diarrheal children (0.5%) is lower than that observed in other countries, where it is reported in diarrheal children in 8.6–1.2% of patients.

Published
2024
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22. Is HERV-K and HERV-W Expression Regulated by miR-155 in Kidney Transplant Patients with Human Cytomegalovirus Infection?

Author

Bergallo, Massimiliano, Daprà, Valentina, Calvi, Cristina, Montanari, Paola, Galliano, Ilaria, and Ravanini, Paolo

Abstract

According to the latest update, 2,578 unique mature micro­RNAs (miRNAs) are currently annotated in the human genome and participate in the regulation of multiple events, such as cellular proliferation or apoptosis. A previous study analyzing global miRNA expression patterns in GH cells (high human endogenous retrovirus, HERV, K vs. low) showed that 2 miRNAs (miR-663 and miR-638) are differentially regulated and exhibit expression parallel to that of HERV-K. The aim of this study was to evaluate HERV-K and -W pol gene and miR-155 expression in kidney transplant recipients and the possible relationship between them. The comparison between kidney transplant patients negative for human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection and positive patients showed a significant difference in terms of miR-155 expression (p= 0.0111). We demonstrated that HERV-K and -W pol gene expression was significantly higher in CMV-infected kidney transplant recipients versus those not infected as previously reported by our groups. Our correlation data suggest that miR-155 are not directly involved in regulating the HERV notwithstanding that we together observed increased expression of HERV-K and -W and diminished expression of miR-155 in HCMV-infected human kidney transplant recipients.

Published
2024
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32. Locking down adolescents: Victims, irresponsible subjects, or just social actors.

Author

Favretto, Anna Rosa, Calvi, Cristina, Carbone, Domenico, and Finelli, Manuel

Subjects
*COVID-19, *EXPERIENCE, *QUALITATIVE research, *RISK assessment, *STAY-at-home orders, *VICTIMS, *JUVENILE offenders, *PSYCHOLOGICAL adaptation, *COVID-19 pandemic, *ADOLESCENCE
Abstract

The article presents the results of a qualitative study investigating the experiences of a sample of Italian adolescents during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Data were analysed in the light of the two social representations (adolescents as criminals and as victims) that permeated the Italian public debate throughout the outbreak. The findings showed the ability of boys and girls in dealing with the relationships altered by the pandemic constraints and in adapting to different regulations. This demonstrated their competence as social actors, neither criminals nor victims, who were also able to cope with the coronavirus risk in safeguarding their significant others. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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34. "C'è stata un po' di incoerenza..." Adolescenti e norme in tempo di pandemia.

Author

Favretto, Anna Rosa, Calvi, Cristina, Carbone, Domenico, and Finelli, Manuel

Subjects
LEGAL socialization, COVID-19 pandemic, FOCUS groups, PANDEMICS, TEENAGERS, METROPOLITAN areas
Abstract

Pandemic management through social and legal regulation deeply affected the lives of younger generations engaged, in the same way as adults, in reorienting their behaviour while facing an unprecedented health crisis. The Covid-19 pandemic exponentially increased both challenges and opportunities for the legal socialization of boys and girls. This article explores these issues based on the data collected during 16 focus groups conducted in Spring 2021, involving 134 adolescents living in the Turin metropolitan area (Northwest Italy). The research shows that most of the boys and girls who participated in the research were able to meet the challenge posed by the pandemic, by reorganising significant spheres of their lives also from a legal perspective, as well as by resorting to complex, and often critical, reasoning concerning their actions vis-à-vis both old and new norms and the authorities that set them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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36. COVID-19 in Children: Expressions of Type I/II/III Interferons, TRIM28, SETDB1, and Endogenous Retroviruses in Mild and Severe Cases

Author

Tovo, Pier-Angelo, primary, Garazzino, Silvia, additional, Daprà, Valentina, additional, Pruccoli, Giulia, additional, Calvi, Cristina, additional, Mignone, Federica, additional, Alliaudi, Carla, additional, Denina, Marco, additional, Scolfaro, Carlo, additional, Zoppo, Marisa, additional, Licciardi, Francesco, additional, Ramenghi, Ugo, additional, Galliano, Ilaria, additional, and Bergallo, Massimiliano, additional

Published
2021
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45. [beta]1 integrin and IL-3R coordinately regulate STAT5 activation and anchorage-dependent proliferation

Author

Defilippi, Paola, Rosso, Arturo, Dentelli, Patrizia, Calvi, Cristina, Garbarino, Giovanni, Tarone, Guido, Pegoraro, Luigi, and Brizzi, Maria Felice

Subjects
Endothelium -- Research, Integrins -- Research, Integrins -- Physiological aspects, Cytology -- Research, Biological sciences
Abstract

We previously demonstrated that integrin-dependent adhesion activates STAT5A, a well known target of IL-3--mediated signaling. Here, we show that in endothelial cells the active [beta]1 integrin constitutively associates with the unphosphorylated IL-3 receptor (IL-3R) p common subunit. This association is not sufficient for activating downstream signals. Indeed, only upon fibronectin adhesion is Janus Kinase 2 (JAK2) recruited to the [beta]1 integrin--IL-3R complex and triggers IL-3R [beta] common phosphorylation, leading to the formation of docking sites for activated STAT5A. These events are IL-3 independent but require the integrity of the IL-3R [beta] common. IL-3 treatment increases JAK2 activation and STAT5A and STAT5B tyrosine and serine phosphorylation and leads to cell cycle progression in adherent cells. Expression of an inactive STAT5A inhibits cell cycle progression upon IL-3 treatment, identifying integrin-dependent STAT5A activation as a priming event for IL-3--mediated S phase entry. Consistently, overexpression of a constitutive active STAT5A leads to anchorage-independent cell cycle progression. Therefore, these data provide strong evidence that integrin-dependent STAT5A activation controls IL-3--mediated proliferation.

Published
2005

50. Urinary bacteriophages in pediatric urinary tract infections

Author

Galliano, Ilaria, primary, Nicoli, Silvia, additional, Daprà, Valentina, additional, Zaniol, Elena, additional, Filomena, Rebecca, additional, Calvi, Cristina, additional, Alliaudi, Carla, additional, Montanari, Paola, additional, Savino, Francesco, additional, and Bergallo, Massimiliano, additional

Published
2020
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