1,249 results on '"Calverley, P."'
Search Results
2. Ethanologenic fermentation by Parageobacillus thermoglucosidasius with continuous hot microbubble gas-stripping
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Calverley, Joseph, Ibenegbu, Christopher, Hussein-Sheik, Abdulkadir, Hemaka Bandulasena, H. C., and Leak, David J.
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- 2024
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3. Ethanologenic fermentation by Parageobacillus thermoglucosidasius with continuous hot microbubble gas-stripping
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Joseph Calverley, Christopher Ibenegbu, Abdulkadir Hussein-Sheik, H. C. Hemaka Bandulasena, and David J. Leak
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Microbiology ,QR1-502 - Abstract
Abstract The increased use of biofuels in place of fossil fuels is one strategy to support the transition to net-zero carbon emissions, particularly in transport applications. However, expansion of the use of 1st generation crops as feedstocks is unsustainable due to the conflict with food use. The use of the lignocellulosic fractions from plants and/or co-products from food production including food wastes could satisfy the demand for biofuels without affecting the use of land and the availability of food, but organisms which can readily ferment all the carbohydrates present in these feedstocks often suffer from more severe bioethanol inhibition effects than yeast. This paper demonstrates the potential of hot gas microbubbles to strip ethanol from a thermophilic fermentation process using Parageobacillus thermoglucosidasius TM333, thereby reducing product inhibition and allowing production to continue beyond the nominal toxic ethanol concentrations of ≤ 2% v/v. Using an experimental rig in which cells were grown in fed-batch cultures on sugars derived from waste bread, and the broth continuously cycled through a purpose-built microbubble stripping unit, it was shown that non/low-inhibitory dissolved ethanol concentrations could be maintained throughout, despite reaching productivities equivalent to 4.7% v/v dissolved ethanol. Ethanol recovered in the condensate was at a concentration appropriate for dewatering to be cost effective and not prohibitively energy intensive. This suggests that hot microbubble stripping could be a valuable technology for the continuous production of bioethanol from fermentation processes which suffer from product inhibition before reaching economically viable titres, which is typical of most thermophilic ethanologenic bacteria.
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- 2024
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4. A comparison of respiratory oscillometry and spirometry in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: performance time, symptom burden and test–retest reliability
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Suhani Patel, Karl P. Sylvester, Zhe Wu, Serena Rhamie, Peter Dickel, Toby M. Maher, Philip L. Molyneaux, Peter M.A. Calverley, and William D-C. Man
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Medicine - Abstract
Study question In large multinational patient surveys, spirometry (which requires repeated, reproducible maximal efforts) can be associated with cough, breathlessness and tiredness, particularly in those with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Oscillometry is an effort-independent test of airways resistance and reactance. We hypothesised that oscillometry would take less time to perform and would be associated with reduced symptom burden than spirometry. Patients and methods Spirometry and oscillometry were performed in 66 participants with IPF and repeated 2 weeks later. We compared time taken to perform tests, symptom burden and test–retest reliability with Bland–Altman plots and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs). Results Oscillometry took significantly less time to perform than spirometry (mean −4.5 (99% CI −6.0 to −3.0) min) and was associated with lower symptom burden scores for cough (−1.3, 99% CI −1.7 to −0.8), breathlessness (−1.0, 99% CI −1.4 to −0.5), and tiredness (−0.5, 99% CI −0.9 to −0.2). On Bland–Altman analysis, all measures showed good agreement, with narrow limits of agreement and the mean bias lying close to 0 in all cases. The ICCs for forced expiratory volume in 1 s and forced vital capacity were 0.94 and 0.89, respectively, and ranged between 0.70 and 0.90 for oscillometry measures. Conclusion Oscillometry is quicker to perform and provokes less symptoms than spirometry in patients with IPF.
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- 2024
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5. Acute hypoxia impairs posterior cerebral bioenergetics and memory in man
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Soichi Ando, Hayato Tsukamoto, Benjamin S. Stacey, Takuro Washio, Thomas S. Owens, Thomas A. Calverley, Lewis Fall, Christopher J. Marley, Angelo Iannetelli, Takeshi Hashimoto, Shigehiko Ogoh, and Damian M. Bailey
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cerebral blood flow ,cerebral oxygenation ,executive function ,memory ,oxygen delivery ,Physiology ,QP1-981 - Abstract
Abstract Hypoxia has the potential to impair cognitive function; however, it is still uncertain which cognitive domains are adversely affected. We examined the effects of acute hypoxia (∼7 h) on central executive (Go/No‐Go) and non‐executive (memory) tasks and the extent to which impairment was potentially related to regional cerebral blood flow and oxygen delivery (CDO2). Twelve male participants performed cognitive tasks following 0, 2, 4 and 6 h of passive exposure to both normoxia and hypoxia (12% O2), in a randomized block cross‐over single‐blinded design. Middle cerebral artery (MCA) and posterior cerebral artery (PCA) blood velocities and corresponding CDO2 were determined using bilateral transcranial Doppler ultrasound. In hypoxia, MCA DO2 was reduced during the Go/No‐Go task (P = 0.010 vs. normoxia, main effect), and PCA DO2 was attenuated during memorization (P = 0.005 vs. normoxia) and recall components (P = 0.002 vs. normoxia) in the memory task. The accuracy of the memory task was also impaired in hypoxia (P = 0.049 vs. normoxia). In contrast, hypoxia failed to alter reaction time (P = 0.19 vs. normoxia) or accuracy (P = 0.20 vs. normoxia) during the Go/No‐Go task, indicating that selective attention and response inhibition were preserved. Hypoxia did not affect cerebral blood flow or corresponding CDO2 responses to cognitive activity (P > 0.05 vs. normoxia). Collectively, these findings highlight the differential sensitivity of cognitive domains, with memory being selectively vulnerable in hypoxia.
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- 2023
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6. Lifetime measurement of the yrast 2+118 state in +118Te
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Cederlöf, E. Ahlgren, Bäck, T., Nyberg, J., Qi, C., Ataç, A., Badran, H., Braunroth, T., Calverley, T., Cox, D. M., Doncel, M., Grahn, T., Greenlees, P., Hilton, J., Julin, R., Juutinen, S., Konki, J., Li, H., Matta, S., Modamio, V., Singh, B. S. Nara, Pakarinen, J., Papadakis, P., Partanen, J., Rahkila, P., Ruotsalainen, P., Sandzelius, M., Sarén, J., Scholey, C., Stolze, S., Subramaniam, P., Uusitalo, J., and Valiente-Dobón, J. J.
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- 2023
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7. A systematic review of demographic and background factors associated with the development of children’s aquatic competence
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Duke, Charlotte, Calverley, Hannah, Petrass, Lauren, Peters, Jacqui, Moncrieff, Kate, Konjarski, Loretta, and Matthews, Bernadette
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- 2023
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8. Mild obstructive sleep apnoea in females: post hoc analysis of the MERGE randomised controlled trial
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Alison J. Wimms, Julia L. Kelly, Christopher D. Turnbull, Alison McMillan, Sonya E. Craig, John F. O'Reilly, Annabel H. Nickol, Meredith D. Decker, Leslee A. Willes, Peter M.A. Calverley, Adam V. Benjafield, John R. Stradling, Mary J. Morrell, and J. Wimms Alison
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Medicine - Abstract
Background A post hoc analysis of the MERGE trial was conducted, to investigate whether sex differences are evident at the mildest end of the disease spectrum, for symptoms associated with obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) and the response to continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treatment. Methods MERGE participants with mild OSA (apnoea–hypopnoea index 5–15 events·h−1; American Academy of Sleep Medicine 2012 criteria) were randomised to either CPAP plus standard care (sleep hygiene counselling) or standard care alone for 3 months. Quality of life (QoL) was measured by questionnaires completed before and after the 3 months. This post hoc analysis of participants of the MERGE trial compared the symptom presentation, and response to CPAP, between the sexes. Results 233 patients were included; 71 (30%) were female. Females were more symptomatic at baseline in all QoL questionnaires. Specifically, females had lower 36-item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36) Vitality scores (mean±sd 39.1±10.1 versus 44.8±10.3) and higher Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) scores (mean±sd 11.0±4.2 versus 9.5±4.4). Both sexes experienced snoring, but more females reported fatigue and more males reported witnessed apnoeas. All symptoms improved with CPAP for both sexes; however, females had larger improvements in SF-36 Vitality scores, which was the primary outcome of the MERGE trial (mean change 9.4 (95% CI 6.8–12.0) versus 6.0 (95% CI 4.3–7.7); p=0.034), and ESS (mean change −4.1 (95% CI −5.1– −3.0) versus −2.5 (95% CI −3.1– −1.8); p=0.015), after adjustment for baseline scores and CPAP usage. Conclusions Sex differences are apparent in patients with mild OSA. Females experience worse QoL symptoms than males at presentation to the sleep clinic; however, these improve significantly with CPAP treatment.
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- 2024
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9. First observation of high-$K$ isomeric states in $^{249}$Md and $^{251}$Md
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Goigoux, T., Theisen, Ch., Sulignano, B., Airiau, M., Auranen, K., Badran, H., Briselet, R., Calverley, T., Cox, D., Déchery, F., Bisso, F. Defranchi, Drouart, A., Favier, Z., Gall, B., Grahn, T., Greenlees, P. T., Hauschild, K., Herzáň, A., Herzberg, R. -D., Jakobsson, U., Julin, R., Juutinen, S., Konki, J., Leino, M., Lightfoot, A., Lopez-Martens, A., Mistry, A., Nieminen, P., Pakarinen, J., Papadakis, P., Partanen, J., Peura, P., Rahkila, P., Rey-Herme, E., Rubert, J., Ruotsalainen, P., Sandzelius, M., Sarén, J., Scholey, C., Sorri, J., Stolze, S., Uusitalo, J., Vandebrouck, M., Ward, A., Zielińska, M., Jachimowicz, P., Kowal, M., and Skalski, J.
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Nuclear Experiment ,Nuclear Theory - Abstract
Decay spectroscopy of the odd-proton nuclei $^{249}$Md and $^{251}$Md has been performed. High-$K$ isomeric states were identified for the first time in these two nuclei through the measurement of their electromagnetic decay. An isomeric state with a half-life of $2.8(5)$ ms and an excitation energy $\geq 910$ keV was found in $^{249}$Md. In $^{251}$Md, an isomeric state with a half-life of $1.4(3)$ s and an excitation energy $\geq 844$ keV was found. Similarly to the neighbouring $^{255}$Lr, these two isomeric states are interpreted as 3 quasi-particle high-$K$ states and compared to new theoretical calculations. Excited nuclear configurations were calculated within two scenarios: via blocking nuclear states located in proximity to the Fermi surface or/and using the quasiparticle Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer method. Relevant states were selected on the basis of the microscopic-macroscopic model with a deformed Woods-Saxon potential. The most probable candidates for the configurations of $K$-isomeric states in Md nuclei are proposed.
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- 2021
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10. Evidence against the wobbling nature of low-spin bands in $^{135}$Pr
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Lv, B. F., Petrache, C. M., Lawrie, E. A., Guo, S., Astier, A., Dupont, E., Zheng, K. K., Ong, H. J., Wang, J. G., Zhou, X. H., Sun, Z. Y., Greenlees, P., Badran, H., Calverley, T., Cox, D. M., Grahn, T., Hilton, J., Julin, R., Juutinen, S., Konki, J., Pakarinen, J., Papadakis, P., Partanen, J., Rahkila, P., Ruotsalainen, P., Sandzelius, M., Saren, J., Scholey, C., Sorri, J., Stolze, S., Uusitalo, J., Cederwall, B., Ertoprak, A., Liu, H., Kuti, I., Timar, J., Tucholski, A., Srebrny, J., and Andreoiu, C.
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Nuclear Experiment - Abstract
The electromagnetic character of the $\Delta I=1$ transitions connecting the one- to zero-phonon and the two- to one-phonon wobbling bands should be dominated by an $E2$ component, due to the collective motion of the entire nuclear charge. In the present work it is shown, based on combined angular correlation and linear polarization measurements, that the mixing ratios of all analyzed connecting transitions between low-lying bands in $^{135}$Pr interpreted as zero-, one-, and two-phonon wobbling bands, have absolute values smaller than one. This indicates predominant $M1$ magnetic character, which is incompatible with the proposed wobbling nature. All experimental observables are instead in good agreement with quasiparticle-plus-triaxial-rotor model calculations, which describe the bands as resulting from a rapid re-alignment of the total angular momentum from the short to the intermediate nuclear axis.
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- 2021
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11. Lower systemic nitric oxide bioactivity, cerebral hypoperfusion and accelerated cognitive decline in formerly concussed retired rugby union players
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Thomas S. Owens, Christopher J. Marley, Thomas A. Calverley, Benjamin S. Stacey, Lewis Fall, Hayato Tsukamoto, Angelo Iannetelli, Teresa Filipponi, Bruce Davies, Gareth L. Jones, Christophe Hirtz, Sylvain Lehmann, Edouard Tuaillon, Nicola Marchi, and Damian M. Bailey
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cerebrovascular function ,concussion ,nitric oxide ,rugby union ,Physiology ,QP1-981 - Abstract
Abstract Following retirement from sport, the chronic consequences of prior‐recurrent contact are evident and retired rugby union players may be especially prone to accelerated cognitive decline. The present study sought to integrate molecular, cerebrovascular and cognitive biomarkers in retired rugby players with concussion history. Twenty retired rugby players aged 64 ± 5 years with three (interquartile range (IQR), 3) concussions incurred over 22 (IQR, 6) years were compared to 21 sex‐, age‐, cardiorespiratory fitness‐ and education‐matched controls with no prior concussion history. Concussion symptoms and severity were assessed using the Sport Concussion Assessment Tool. Plasma/serum nitric oxide (NO) metabolites (reductive ozone‐based chemiluminescence), neuron specific enolase, glial fibrillary acidic protein and neurofilament light‐chain (ELISA and single molecule array) were assessed. Middle cerebral artery blood velocity (MCAv, doppler ultrasound) and reactivity to hyper/hypocapnia (CVRCO2hyper/CVRCO2hypo) were assessed. Cognition was determined using the Grooved Pegboard Test and Montreal Cognitive Assessment. Players exhibited persistent neurological symptoms of concussion (U = 109(41), P = 0.007), with increased severity compared to controls (U = 77(41), P
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- 2023
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12. A systematic review of demographic and background factors associated with the development of children’s aquatic competence
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Charlotte Duke, Hannah Calverley, Lauren Petrass, Jacqui Peters, Kate Moncrieff, Loretta Konjarski, and Bernadette Matthews
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Aquatic competency ,Swimming skill ,Social determinants ,Drowning prevention ,Swimming and water safety ,Aquatic education ,Medical emergencies. Critical care. Intensive care. First aid ,RC86-88.9 ,Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 - Abstract
Abstract Background Globally, drowning is a leading cause of unintentional injury and death among children. Teaching aquatic competencies (swimming skills and water safety knowledge) to children has been proposed as a prevention strategy. In Australia, however, many children are not meeting standard aquatic competency benchmarks. Exploration of the connection between demographic and background factors and aquatic competencies could provide insight into why differences in acquisition of aquatic knowledge and skills occur. Main body A systematic literature review guided by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses was performed to identify studies that reported on the association between demographic and background factors and aquatic competencies. Nine databases were searched for English language peer-reviewed studies published since 2000. Fourteen studies fulfilled all inclusion criteria. Studies were quasi-experimental or cross-sectional in design, which is considered quality level III-2 or IV, respectively, on the National Health and Medical Research Council Evidence Hierarchy. Study quality was moderate, and risk of bias was high. While aquatic competencies can be taught, this review found that factors including age, gender, geographic residence, medical conditions/disabilities, socioeconomic status, and swimming frequency were significantly associated with the demonstration and/or acquisition of aquatic competencies. Conclusion This review provides insight into demographic and background factors that are significantly associated with the development of aquatic competence. Whilst further investigation is required to increase the evidence base, these findings may assist in tailoring swimming and water safety programs to accommodate those at-risk of not achieving age-appropriate aquatic competencies.
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- 2023
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13. Acute high-intensity interval exercise is less pro-oxidative/thrombotic compared to isovolumic moderate-intensity steady-state exercise
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Fall, Lewis, Stacey, Benjamin S., Calverley, Thomas, Owens, Thomas, Thyer, Kaitlin, Griffiths, Rhodri, Phillips, Rhodri, and Bailey, Damian M.
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- 2023
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14. Multiple chiral bands in $^{137}$Nd
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Petrache, C. M., Lv, B. F., Chen, Q. B., Meng, J., Astier, A., Dupont, E., Zheng, K. K., Greenlees, P. T., Badran, H., Calverley, T., Cox, D. M., Grahn, T., Hilton, J., Julin, R., Juutinen, S., Konki, J., Pakarinen, J., Papadakis, P., Partanen, J., Rahkila, P., Ruotsalainen, P., Sandzelius, M., Saren, J., Scholey, C., Sorri, J., Stolze, S., Uusitalo, J., Cederwall, B., Ertoprak, A., Liu, H., Guo, S., Wang, J. G., Zhou, X. H., Kuti, I., Timar, J., Tucholski, A., Srebrny, J., and Andreoiu, C.
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Nuclear Experiment ,Nuclear Theory - Abstract
Two new bands have been identified in $^{137}$Nd from a high-statistics JUROGAM II gamma-ray spectroscopy experiment. Constrained density functional theory and particle rotor model calculations are used to assign configurations and investigate the band properties, which are well described and understood. It is demonstrated that these two new bands can be interpreted as chiral partners of previously known three-quasiparticle positive- and negative-parity bands. The newly observed chiral doublet bands in $^{137}$Nd represent an important support to the existence of multiple chiral bands in nuclei. The present results constitute the missing stone in the series of Nd nuclei showing multiple chiral bands, which becomes the most extended sequence of nuclei presenting multiple chiral bands in the Segr\'e chart.
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- 2020
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15. Spectroscopy along Flerovium Decay Chains: Discovery of Ds280 and an Excited State in Cn282
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Såmark-Roth, A, Cox, DM, Rudolph, D, Sarmiento, LG, Carlsson, BG, Egido, JL, Golubev, P, Heery, J, Yakushev, A, Åberg, S, Albers, HM, Albertsson, M, Block, M, Brand, H, Calverley, T, Cantemir, R, Clark, RM, Düllmann, Ch E, Eberth, J, Fahlander, C, Forsberg, U, Gates, JM, Giacoppo, F, Götz, M, Götz, S, Herzberg, R-D, Hrabar, Y, Jäger, E, Judson, D, Khuyagbaatar, J, Kindler, B, Kojouharov, I, Kratz, JV, Krier, J, Kurz, N, Lens, L, Ljungberg, J, Lommel, B, Louko, J, Meyer, C-C, Mistry, A, Mokry, C, Papadakis, P, Parr, E, Pore, JL, Ragnarsson, I, Runke, J, Schädel, M, Schaffner, H, Schausten, B, Shaughnessy, DA, Thörle-Pospiech, P, Trautmann, N, and Uusitalo, J
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Nuclear and Plasma Physics ,Synchrotrons and Accelerators ,Physical Sciences ,Mathematical Sciences ,Engineering ,General Physics ,Mathematical sciences ,Physical sciences - Abstract
A nuclear spectroscopy experiment was conducted to study α-decay chains stemming from isotopes of flerovium (element Z=114). An upgraded TASISpec decay station was placed behind the gas-filled separator TASCA at the GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung in Darmstadt, Germany. The fusion-evaporation reactions ^{48}Ca+^{242}Pu and ^{48}Ca+^{244}Pu provided a total of 32 flerovium-candidate decay chains, of which two and eleven were firmly assigned to ^{286}Fl and ^{288}Fl, respectively. A prompt coincidence between a 9.60(1)-MeV α particle event and a 0.36(1)-MeV conversion electron marked the first observation of an excited state in an even-even isotope of the heaviest man-made elements, namely ^{282}Cn. Spectroscopy of ^{288}Fl decay chains fixed Q_{α}=10.06(1) MeV. In one case, a Q_{α}=9.46(1)-MeV decay from ^{284}Cn into ^{280}Ds was observed, with ^{280}Ds fissioning after only 518 μs. The impact of these findings, aggregated with existing data on decay chains of ^{286,288}Fl, on the size of an anticipated shell gap at proton number Z=114 is discussed in light of predictions from two beyond-mean-field calculations, which take into account triaxial deformation.
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- 2021
16. Spectroscopy along Flerovium Decay Chains: Discovery of ^{280}Ds and an Excited State in ^{282}Cn.
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Såmark-Roth, A, Cox, DM, Rudolph, D, Sarmiento, LG, Carlsson, BG, Egido, JL, Golubev, P, Heery, J, Yakushev, A, Åberg, S, Albers, HM, Albertsson, M, Block, M, Brand, H, Calverley, T, Cantemir, R, Clark, RM, Düllmann, Ch E, Eberth, J, Fahlander, C, Forsberg, U, Gates, JM, Giacoppo, F, Götz, M, Götz, S, Herzberg, R-D, Hrabar, Y, Jäger, E, Judson, D, Khuyagbaatar, J, Kindler, B, Kojouharov, I, Kratz, JV, Krier, J, Kurz, N, Lens, L, Ljungberg, J, Lommel, B, Louko, J, Meyer, C-C, Mistry, A, Mokry, C, Papadakis, P, Parr, E, Pore, JL, Ragnarsson, I, Runke, J, Schädel, M, Schaffner, H, Schausten, B, Shaughnessy, DA, Thörle-Pospiech, P, Trautmann, N, and Uusitalo, J
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General Physics ,Mathematical Sciences ,Physical Sciences ,Engineering - Abstract
A nuclear spectroscopy experiment was conducted to study α-decay chains stemming from isotopes of flerovium (element Z=114). An upgraded TASISpec decay station was placed behind the gas-filled separator TASCA at the GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung in Darmstadt, Germany. The fusion-evaporation reactions ^{48}Ca+^{242}Pu and ^{48}Ca+^{244}Pu provided a total of 32 flerovium-candidate decay chains, of which two and eleven were firmly assigned to ^{286}Fl and ^{288}Fl, respectively. A prompt coincidence between a 9.60(1)-MeV α particle event and a 0.36(1)-MeV conversion electron marked the first observation of an excited state in an even-even isotope of the heaviest man-made elements, namely ^{282}Cn. Spectroscopy of ^{288}Fl decay chains fixed Q_{α}=10.06(1) MeV. In one case, a Q_{α}=9.46(1)-MeV decay from ^{284}Cn into ^{280}Ds was observed, with ^{280}Ds fissioning after only 518 μs. The impact of these findings, aggregated with existing data on decay chains of ^{286,288}Fl, on the size of an anticipated shell gap at proton number Z=114 is discussed in light of predictions from two beyond-mean-field calculations, which take into account triaxial deformation.
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- 2021
17. The spectroscopic quadrupole moment of the 21+ state of 12C: A benchmark of theoretical models
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J. Saiz-Lomas, M. Petri, I.Y. Lee, I. Syndikus, S. Heil, J.M. Allmond, L.P. Gaffney, J. Pakarinen, H. Badran, T. Calverley, D.M. Cox, U. Forsberg, T. Grahn, P. Greenlees, K. Hadyńska-Klȩk, J. Hilton, M. Jenkinson, R. Julin, J. Konki, A.O. Macchiavelli, M. Mathy, J. Ojala, P. Papadakis, J. Partanen, P. Rahkila, P. Ruotsalainen, M. Sandzelius, J. Sarén, S. Stolze, J. Uusitalo, and R. Wadsworth
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Physics ,QC1-999 - Abstract
The spectroscopic quadrupole moment of the first 2+ state of 12C has been measured employing the Coulomb-excitation re-orientation technique. Our result of Qs(21+)=+9.3−3.8+3.5efm2 suggests a larger oblate deformation than previously reported. Combining this with the consistently re-analyzed adopted value, we present the most precise value to date of Qs(21+)=+9.5(18)efm2, which is consistent with a geometrical rotor description. This simple outcome is compared to state-of-the-art shell-model, mean-field, ab initio calculations, cluster-based and geometrical-like theories, which show varying degrees of emergent quadrupole collectivity.
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- 2023
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18. Chirality of $^{135}$Nd reexamined: Evidence for multiple chiral doublet bands
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Lv, B. F., Petrache, C. M., Chen, Q. B., Meng, J., Astier, A., Dupont, E., Greenlees, P., Badran, H., Calverley, T., Cox, D. M., Grahn, T., Hilton, J., Julin, R., Juutinen, S., Konki, J., Pakarinen, J., Papadakis, P., Partanen, J., Rahkila, P., Ruotsalainen, P., Sandzelius, M., Saren, J., Scholey, C., Sorri, J., Stolze, S., Uusitalo, J., Cederwall, B., Ertoprak, A., Liu, H., Guo, S., Liu, M. L., Wang, J. G., Zhou, X. H., Kuti, I., Timár, J., Tucholski, A., Srebrny, J., and Andreoiu, C.
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Nuclear Experiment ,Nuclear Theory - Abstract
One new pair of positive-parity chiral doublet bands have been identified in the odd-$A$ nucleus $^{135}$Nd which together with the previously reported negative-parity chiral doublet bands constitute a third case of multiple chiral doublet (M$\chi$D) bands in the $A\approx130$ mass region. The properties of the M$\chi$D bands are well reproduced by constrained covariant density functional theory and particle rotor model calculations. The newly observed M$\chi$D bands in $^{135}$Nd represents an important milestone in supporting the existence of M$\chi$D in nuclei.
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- 2019
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19. The Effect of Maintenance Treatment with Erdosteine on Exacerbation Treatment and Health Status in Patients with COPD: A Post-Hoc Analysis of the RESTORE Dataset
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Calverley PMA, Papi A, Page C, Rogliani P, Dal Negro RW, Cazzola M, Cicero AF, and Wedzicha JA
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copd erdosteine exacerbation health status restore ,Diseases of the respiratory system ,RC705-779 - Abstract
Peter MA Calverley,1 Alberto Papi,2 Clive Page,3 Paola Rogliani,4 Roberto W Dal Negro,5 Mario Cazzola,4 Arrigo F Cicero,6 Jadwiga A Wedzicha7 1Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK; 2Respiratory Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy; 3Sackler Institute of Pulmonary Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College, London, UK; 4Respiratory Medicine Unit, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy; 5National Centre for Respiratory Pharmacoeconomics and Pharmacoepidemiology, Verona, Italy; 6Medical and Surgical Department, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; 7Respiratory Division, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UKCorrespondence: Peter MA Calverley, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK, Tel +44 1515295886, Fax +44 1515295888, Email pmacal@liverpool.ac.ukPurpose: To explore the effect of erdosteine on COPD exacerbations, health-related quality of life (HRQoL), and subjectively assessed COPD severity.Patients and methods: This post-hoc analysis of the RESTORE study included participants with COPD and spirometrically moderate (GOLD 2; post-bronchodilator forced expiratory volume in 1 second [FEV1] 50‒79% predicted; n = 254), or severe airflow limitation (GOLD 3; post-bronchodilator FEV1 30‒49% predicted; n = 191) who received erdosteine 300 mg twice daily or placebo added to usual maintenance therapy for 12 months. Antibiotic and oral corticosteroid use was determined together with patient-reported HRQoL (St George’s Respiratory Questionnaire, SGRQ). Patient and physician subjective COPD severity scores (scale 0‒4) were rated at baseline, 6 and 12 months. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics for exacerbation severity, COPD severity, and treatment group. Comparisons between treatment groups used Student’s t-tests or ANCOVA as appropriate.Results: Among GOLD 2 patients, 43 of 126 erdosteine-treated patients exacerbated (7 moderate-to-severe exacerbations), compared to 62 of 128 placebo-treated patients (14 moderate-to-severe exacerbations). Among those with moderate-to-severe exacerbations, erdosteine-treated patients had a shorter mean duration of corticosteroid treatment (11.4 days vs 13.3 days for placebo, P = 0.043), and fewer patients required antibiotic treatment with/without oral corticosteroids (71.4% vs 85.8% for placebo, P < 0.001). Erdosteine-treated GOLD 2 patients who exacerbated showed significant improvements from baseline in SGRQ total scores and subjective disease severity scores (patient- and physician-rated), compared with placebo-treated patients regardless of exacerbation severity. Among GOLD 3 patients, there were no significant differences between treatment groups on any of these measures.Conclusion: Adding erdosteine to the usual maintenance therapy of COPD patients with moderate airflow limitation reduced the number of exacerbations, the duration of treatment with corticosteroids and the episodes requiring treatment with antibiotics. Additionally, treatment with erdosteine improved HRQoL and patient-reported disease severity.Keywords: antibiotic, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, erdosteine, COPD exacerbation, health-related quality of life, systemic corticosteroid
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- 2022
20. Production cross section and decay study of $^{243}$Es and $^{249}$Md
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Briselet, R., Theisen, Ch., Vandebrouck, M., Marchix, A., Airiau, M., Auranen, K., Badran, H., Boilley, D., Calverley, T., Cox, D., Déchery, F., Bisso, F. Defranchi, Drouart, A., Gall, B., Goigoux, T., Grahn, T., Greenlees, P. T., Hauschild, K., Herzan, A., Herzberg, R. D., Jakobsson, U., Julin, R., Juutinen, S., Konki, J., Leino, M., Lightfoot, A., Lopez-Martens, A., Mistry, A., Nieminen, P., Pakarinen, J., Papadakis, P., Partanen, J., Peura, P., Rahkila, P., Rubert, J., Ruotsalainen, P., Sandzelius, M., Saren, J., Scholey, C., Sorri, J., Stolze, S., Sulignano, B., Uusitalo, J., Ward, A., and Zielińska, M.
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Nuclear Experiment - Abstract
In the study of the odd-$Z$, even-$N$ nuclei $^{243}$Es and $^{249}$Md, performed at the University of Jyv\"askyl\"a, the fusion-evaporation reactions $^{197}$Au($^{48}$Ca,2$n$)$^{243}$Es and $^{203}$Tl($^{48}$Ca,2$n$)$^{249}$Md have been used for the first time. Fusion-evaporation residues were selected and detected using the RITU gas-filled separator coupled with the focal-plane spectrometer GREAT. For $^{243}$Es, the recoil decay correlation analysis yielded a half-life of $24 \pm 3$s, and a maximum production cross section of $37 \pm 10$ nb. In the same way, a half-life of $26 \pm 1$ s, an $\alpha$ branching ratio of 75 $\pm$ 5%, and a maximum production cross section of 300 $\pm$ 80 nb were determined for $^{249}$Md. The decay properties of $^{245}$Es, the daughter of $^{249}$Md, were also measured: an $\alpha$ branching ratio of 54 $\pm$ 7% and a half-life of 65 $\pm$ 6 s. Experimental cross sections were compared to the results of calculations performed using the KEWPIE2 statistical fusion-evaporation code.
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- 2018
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21. The Role of Stakeholders in Creating Societal Value From Coastal and Ocean Observations
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Mackenzie, Bev, Celliers, Louis, Assad, Luiz Paulo de Freitas, Heymans, Johanna J, Rome, Nicholas, Thomas, Julie, Anderson, Clarissa, Behrens, James, Calverley, Mark, Desai, Kruti, DiGiacomo, Paul M, Djavidnia, Samy, dos Santos, Francisco, Eparkhina, Dina, Ferrari, José, Hanly, Caitriona, Houtman, Bob, Jeans, Gus, Landau, Luiz, Larkin, Kate, Legler, David, Le Traon, Pierre-Yves, Lindstrom, Eric, Loosley, David, Nolan, Glenn, Petihakis, George, Pellegrini, Julio, Roberts, Zoe, Siddorn, John R, Smail, Emily, Sousa-Pinto, Isabel, and Terrill, Eric
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- 2019
22. Effects of continuous hypoxia on flow-mediated dilation in the cerebral and systemic circulation: on the regulatory significance of shear rate phenotype
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Ogoh, Shigehiko, Washio, Takuro, Stacey, Benjamin S., Tsukamoto, Hayato, Iannetelli, Angelo, Owens, Thomas S., Calverley, Thomas A., Fall, Lewis, Marley, Christopher J., and Bailey, Damian M.
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- 2022
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23. A Pooled Analysis of Mortality in Patients with COPD Receiving Dual Bronchodilation with and without Additional Inhaled Corticosteroid
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Miravitlles M, Verhamme K, Calverley PMA, Dreher M, Bayer V, Gardev A, de la Hoz A, Wedzicha J, and Price D
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copd ,exacerbation history ,inhaled corticosteroid ,long-acting β2-agonist ,long-acting muscarinic antagonist ,mortality ,Diseases of the respiratory system ,RC705-779 - Abstract
Marc Miravitlles,1 Katia Verhamme,2 Peter MA Calverley,3 Michael Dreher,4 Valentina Bayer,5 Asparuh Gardev,6 Alberto de la Hoz,6 Jadwiga Wedzicha,7 David Price8,9 1Pneumology Department, Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Vall d’Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Barcelona, Spain; 2Department of Medical Informatics, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; 3Clinical Science Centre, Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK; 4Department of Pneumology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany; 5Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Ridgefield, CT, USA; 6Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, Ingelheim am Rhein, Germany; 7Head Respiratory Division, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK; 8Observational and Pragmatic Research Institute, Singapore; 9Centre of Academic Primary Care, Division of Applied Health Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UKCorrespondence: Marc Miravitlles, Pneumology Department, Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Vall d’Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), P° Vall d’Hebron 119-129, Barcelona, 08035, Spain, Email marcm@separ.esBackground: Recent studies report a lower mortality rate during treatment with long-acting muscarinic antagonist (LAMA)/long-acting β2-agonist (LABA)/inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) versus LAMA/LABA in patients with symptomatic chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and a history of exacerbations.Objective: We compared time to all-cause mortality with LAMA/LABA versus LAMA/LABA/ICS in patients with mild-to-very-severe COPD and a predominantly low exacerbation risk.Methods: Data were pooled from six randomized controlled trials (TONADO 1/2, DYNAGITO, WISDOM, UPLIFT and TIOSPIR; LAMA/LABA: n = 3156, LAMA/LABA/ICS: n = 11,891). Analysis was on-treatment and data were censored at 52 weeks. Patients on LAMA/LABA/ICS received ICS prior to study entry, which was not withdrawn at randomization. Patients on LAMA/LABA/ICS were propensity score (PS)-matched to patients on LAMA/LABA who had not previously received ICS; covariates included age, sex, geographical region, smoking status, post-bronchodilator forced expiratory volume in 1 second percent predicted, exacerbation history in previous year, body mass index and time since diagnosis. Time to all-cause mortality was assessed using Cox proportional hazard regression models.Results: After PS matching, 3133 patients on LAMA/LABA and 3133 patients on LAMA/LABA/ICS were analyzed. Fewer than 20% of patients reported ≥ 2 exacerbations in the prior year (LAMA/LABA: 19.1%; LAMA/LABA/ICS: 19.0%). There were 41 (1.3%) deaths on LAMA/LABA and 45 (1.4%) deaths on LAMA/LABA/ICS. No statistically significant difference in time to death was observed between treatment arms (hazard ratio for LAMA/LABA 1.06; 95% confidence intervals 0.68, 1.64; P = 0.806). Sensitivity analyses conducted using different covariates or in an intent-to-treat population showed similar results.Conclusion: This pooled analysis of over 6000 patients with mild-to-very-severe COPD and predominantly low exacerbation risk showed no differences in mortality with LAMA/LABA versus LAMA/LABA/ICS, suggesting that the survival benefit of triple therapy seen in some recent studies may be specific to a high-risk population. This supports current Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease recommendations that triple therapy should be reserved for the subpopulations of patients who need it the most (eg, those with an eosinophilic phenotype and a high risk of exacerbations) to avoid ICS overuse.Graphical Abstract: Keywords: COPD, exacerbation history, inhaled corticosteroid, long-acting β2-agonist, long-acting muscarinic antagonist, mortality
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- 2022
24. Overnight variation in tidal expiratory flow limitation in COPD patients and its correction: an observational study
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J. McKenzie, P. Nisha, S. Cannon-Bailey, C. Cain, M. Kissel, J. Stachel, C. Proscyk, R. Romano, B. Hardy, and P. M. A. Calverley
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COPD ,Noninvasive ventilation (NIV) ,Tidal expiratory flow limitation (EFLT) ,Forced oscillation technique ,Expiratory positive airway pressure (EPAP) ,Diseases of the respiratory system ,RC705-779 - Abstract
Abstract Background Tidal expiratory flow limitation (EFLT) is common among COPD patients. Whether EFLT changes during sleep and can be abolished during home ventilation is not known. Methods COPD patients considered for noninvasive ventilation used a ventilator which measured within-breath reactance change at 5 Hz (∆Xrs) and adjusted EPAP settings to abolish EFLT. Participants flow limited (∆Xrs > 2.8) when supine underwent polysomnography (PSG) and were offered home ventilation for 2 weeks. The EPAP pressure that abolished EFLT was measured and compared to that during supine wakefulness. Ventilator adherence and subjective patient perceptions were obtained after home use. Results Of 26 patients with supine EFLT, 15 completed overnight PSG and 10 the home study. In single night and 2-week home studies, EFLT within and between participants was highly variable. This was unrelated to sleep stage or body position with only 14.6% of sleep time spent within 1 cmH2O of the awake screening pressure. Over 2 weeks, mean EPAP was almost half the mean maximum EPAP (11.7 vs 6.4 cmH2O respectively). Group mean ∆Xrs was ≤ 2.8 for 77.3% of their home use with a mean time to abolish new EFLT of 5.91 min. Adherence to the ventilator varied between 71 and 100% in prior NIV users and 36–100% for naïve users with most users rating therapy as comfortable. Conclusions Tidal expiratory flow limitation varies significant during sleep in COPD patients. This can be controlled by auto-titrating the amount of EPAP delivered. This approach appears to be practical and well tolerated by patients. Trial registration: The trial was retrospectively registered at CT.gov NCT04725500.
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- 2021
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25. Awareness without learning: A preliminary study exploring the effects of beachgoer's experiences on risk taking behaviours
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Peter Kamstra, Brian R. Cook, Robert W. Brander, Jasmin C. Lawes, Bernadette Matthews, Hannah Calverley, Angelo Jonas Imperiale, and Benjamin Hooper
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Experiences of risk ,Beach skills ,Behaviour change ,Safety flags ,Surf lifeguards ,Science (General) ,Q1-390 ,Social sciences (General) ,H1-99 - Abstract
Most drowning deaths on Australian beaches occur in locations not patrolled by lifeguards. At patrolled locations, where lifeguards supervise flagged areas in which beachgoers are encouraged to swim between, the incidence of drowning is reduced. To date, risk prevention practices on coasts focus on patrolled beaches, deploying warning signs at unpatrolled locations with the aim of raising public awareness of risk. What remains unexplored is the potential for learning and behaviour change that can transfer from patrolled to unpatrolled beaches through beachgoer's experiences and interactions with lifeguards. The aim of this preliminary study is to explore the risk perceptions of beachgoers at a patrolled beach to establish if and how their experiences of beach risk and interactions with lifeguards affect their behaviours. Data was collected in Gerroa, Australia by engaging 49 beachgoers using a mixed survey-interview methodology. Results show that beachgoers are aware that they should ‘swim between the flags’, but many did not know the basis for the positioning of safety flags. A key finding is that beachgoer's express a clear desire for a skills-based model of community engagement that enables learning with lifeguards. This demonstrates a reflective public that desires skill-development, which may transfer from patrolled to unpatrolled beaches to affect broader risk reduction on the Australian coast. Learning how to avoid site-specific rip hazards with lifeguards at the beach presents a promising, and previously unexplored model for beach drowning risk prevention that has the potential to affect behaviour at unpatrolled beaches, providing an empirically-supported alternative to prevailing deficit-based awareness raising methods.
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- 2022
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26. Drought, water management, and social equity: Analyzing Cape Town, South Africa's water crisis
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Cameron M. Calverley and Suzanne C. Walther
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drought ,water policy ,equity ,Day Zero ,Cape Town ,Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering ,TD1-1066 - Abstract
Climate change impacts on hydrologic systems, coupled with increasing water demand and a growing global population, has led to depleted water resources in semi-arid regions around the world. This increase in water shortages has significant implications for environmental justice and equity concerns. One such region impacted by both water scarcity and deep-seated inequality is the Western Cape of South Africa, whose drought crisis reached peak recognition when the City of Cape Town released its notice of “Day Zero” in 2018, the day the city would turn off the taps to residents. This study examines the changes in physical factors prior to and during the 2015–2018 drought in Cape Town and evaluates how policy decisions made in response to this event interacted with existing social injustices. Analysis of the physical data finds only a slight direct relationship between rainfall and dam levels (r2 = 0.3), suggesting a more complex narrative for the decrease in water supply, including increased water use and management decisions. Of the many policies implemented to avoid Day Zero, some were found to be more effective and can be utilized long-term. The study also finds that the Cape Town water crisis has unveiled and heightened existing inequalities through placing a disproportionate financial burden on low-income communities. As droughts become more common, Cape Town provides a crucial case study for understanding the social, political, and environmental implications of drought management in the future.
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- 2022
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27. The effects of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy and an in-hospital exercise training programme on physical fitness and quality of life in locally advanced rectal cancer patients: a randomised controlled trial (The EMPOWER Trial)
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Lisa Loughney, Malcolm A. West, Helen Moyses, Andrew Bates, Graham J. Kemp, Lesley Hawkins, Judit Varkonyi-Sepp, Shaunna Burke, Christopher P. Barben, Peter M. Calverley, Trevor Cox, Daniel H. Palmer, Michael G. Mythen, Michael P. W. Grocott, Sandy Jack, and on behalf of the Fit4Surgery group
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Exercise prehabilitation ,Neoadjuvant cancer treatment ,Physical fitness ,Rectal cancer ,Surgery ,RD1-811 - Abstract
Abstract Background The EMPOWER trial aimed to assess the effects of a 9-week exercise prehabilitation programme on physical fitness compared with a usual care control group. Secondary aims were to investigate the effect of (1) the exercise prehabilitation programme on psychological health; and (2) neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (NCRT) on physical fitness and psychological health. Methods Between October 2013 and December 2016, adults with locally advanced rectal cancer undergoing standardised NCRT and surgery were recruited to a multi-centre trial. Patients underwent cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) and completed HRQoL questionnaires (EORTC-QLQ-C30 and EQ-5D-5L) pre-NCRT and post-NCRT (week 0/baseline). At week 0, patients were randomised to exercise prehabilitation or usual care (no intervention). CPET and HRQoL questionnaires were assessed at week 0, 3, 6 and 9, whilst semi-structured interviews were assessed at week 0 and week 9. Changes in oxygen uptake at anaerobic threshold (VO2 at AT (ml kg−1 min−1)) between groups were compared using linear mixed modelling. Results Thirty-eight patients were recruited, mean age 64 (10.4) years. Of the 38 patients, 33 were randomised: 16 to usual care and 17 to exercise prehabilitation (26 males and 7 females). Exercise prehabilitation significantly improved VO2 at AT at week 9 compared to the usual care. The change from baseline to week 9, when adjusted for baseline, between the randomised groups was + 2.9 ml kg −1 min −1; (95% CI 0.8 to 5.1), p = 0.011. Conclusion A 9-week exercise prehabilitation programme significantly improved fitness following NCRT. These findings have informed the WesFit trial (NCT03509428) which is investigating the effects of community-based multimodal prehabilitation before cancer surgery. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01914068 . Registered 1 August 2013.
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- 2021
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28. Genetic Association and Risk Scores in a Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Meta-analysis of 16,707 Subjects.
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Busch, Robert, Hobbs, Brian D, Zhou, Jin, Castaldi, Peter J, McGeachie, Michael J, Hardin, Megan E, Hawrylkiewicz, Iwona, Sliwinski, Pawel, Yim, Jae-Joon, Kim, Woo Jin, Kim, Deog K, Agusti, Alvar, Make, Barry J, Crapo, James D, Calverley, Peter M, Donner, Claudio F, Lomas, David A, Wouters, Emiel F, Vestbo, Jørgen, Tal-Singer, Ruth, Bakke, Per, Gulsvik, Amund, Litonjua, Augusto A, Sparrow, David, Paré, Peter D, Levy, Robert D, Rennard, Stephen I, Beaty, Terri H, Hokanson, John, Silverman, Edwin K, Cho, Michael H, National Emphysema Treatment Trial Genetics, Evaluation of COPD Longitudinally to Identify Predictive Surrogate End-Points, International COPD Genetics Network, and COPDGene Investigators
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National Emphysema Treatment Trial Genetics ,Evaluation of COPD Longitudinally to Identify Predictive Surrogate End-Points ,International COPD Genetics Network ,COPDGene Investigators ,Humans ,Pulmonary Disease ,Chronic Obstructive ,Genetic Predisposition to Disease ,Respiratory Function Tests ,Risk Factors ,Aged ,Middle Aged ,Female ,Male ,Genome-Wide Association Study ,alpha-1 antitrypsin ,chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ,genetic epidemiology ,genetic risk factors ,genetic risk score ,Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ,Lung ,Clinical Research ,Genetics ,Prevention ,Human Genome ,Aetiology ,2.1 Biological and endogenous factors ,Respiratory ,Cardiorespiratory Medicine and Haematology ,Respiratory System - Abstract
The heritability of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) cannot be fully explained by recognized genetic risk factors identified as achieving genome-wide significance. In addition, the combined contribution of genetic variation to COPD risk has not been fully explored. We sought to determine: (1) whether studies of variants from previous studies of COPD or lung function in a larger sample could identify additional associated variants, particularly for severe COPD; and (2) the impact of genetic risk scores on COPD. We genotyped 3,346 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 2,588 cases (1,803 severe COPD) and 1,782 control subjects from four cohorts, and performed association testing with COPD, combining these results with existing genotyping data from 6,633 cases (3,497 severe COPD) and 5,704 control subjects. In addition, we developed genetic risk scores from SNPs associated with lung function and COPD and tested their discriminatory power for COPD-related measures. We identified significant associations between SNPs near PPIC (P = 1.28 × 10-8) and PPP4R4/SERPINA1 (P = 1.01 × 10-8) and severe COPD; the latter association may be driven by recognized variants in SERPINA1. Genetic risk scores based on SNPs previously associated with COPD and lung function had a modest ability to discriminate COPD (area under the curve, ∼0.6), and accounted for a mean 0.9-1.9% lower forced expiratory volume in 1 second percent predicted for each additional risk allele. In a large genetic association analysis, we identified associations with severe COPD near PPIC and SERPINA1. A risk score based on combining genetic variants had modest, but significant, effects on risk of COPD and lung function.
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- 2017
29. Spatial ecology of freshwater eels in South Africa: implications for conservation
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Hanzen, Céline, Lucas, Martyn C., O’Brien, Gordon, Calverley, Peter, and Downs, Colleen T.
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- 2021
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30. The effects of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy and an in-hospital exercise training programme on physical fitness and quality of life in locally advanced rectal cancer patients (The EMPOWER Trial): study protocol for a randomised controlled trial
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Loughney, Lisa, West, Malcolm A, Kemp, Graham J, Rossiter, Harry B, Burke, Shaunna M, Cox, Trevor, Barben, Christopher P, Mythen, Michael G, Calverley, Peter, Palmer, Daniel H, Grocott, Michael PW, and Jack, Sandy
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Biomedical and Clinical Sciences ,Health Sciences ,Clinical Sciences ,Sports Science and Exercise ,Cardiovascular ,Cancer ,Rare Diseases ,Clinical Research ,Clinical Trials and Supportive Activities ,6.7 Physical ,6.4 Surgery ,Evaluation of treatments and therapeutic interventions ,Chemoradiotherapy ,Clinical Protocols ,Data Interpretation ,Statistical ,Exercise Therapy ,Humans ,Outcome Assessment ,Health Care ,Physical Fitness ,Quality of Life ,Rectal Neoplasms ,Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy ,Exercise training ,Physical activity ,Surgery ,Surgical outcome ,Cardiorespiratory Medicine and Haematology ,Cardiovascular System & Hematology ,General & Internal Medicine ,Clinical sciences ,Epidemiology ,Health services and systems - Abstract
BackgroundThe standard treatment pathway for locally advanced rectal cancer is neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (CRT) followed by surgery. Neoadjuvant CRT has been shown to decrease physical fitness, and this decrease is associated with increased post-operative morbidity. Exercise training can stimulate skeletal muscle adaptations such as increased mitochondrial content and improved oxygen uptake capacity, both of which are contributors to physical fitness. The aims of the EMPOWER trial are to assess the effects of neoadjuvant CRT and an in-hospital exercise training programme on physical fitness, health-related quality of life (HRQoL), and physical activity levels, as well as post-operative morbidity and cancer staging.Methods/designThe EMPOWER Trial is a randomised controlled trial with a planned recruitment of 46 patients with locally advanced rectal cancer and who are undergoing neoadjuvant CRT and surgery. Following completion of the neoadjuvant CRT (week 0) prior to surgery, patients are randomised to an in-hospital exercise training programme (aerobic interval training for 6 to 9 weeks) or a usual care control group (usual care and no formal exercise training). The primary endpoint is oxygen uptake at lactate threshold ([Formula: see text] at [Formula: see text]) measured using cardiopulmonary exercise testing assessed over several time points throughout the study. Secondary endpoints include HRQoL, assessed using semi-structured interviews and questionnaires, and physical activity levels assessed using activity monitors. Exploratory endpoints include post-operative morbidity, assessed using the Post-Operative Morbidity Survey (POMS), and cancer staging, assessed by using magnetic resonance tumour regression grading.DiscussionThe EMPOWER trial is the first randomised controlled trial comparing an in-hospital exercise training group with a usual care control group in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer. This trial will allow us to determine whether exercise training following neoadjuvant CRT can improve physical fitness and activity levels, as well as other important clinical outcome measures such as HRQoL and post-operative morbidity. These results will aid the design of a large, multi-centre trial to determine whether an increase in physical fitness improves clinically relevant post-operative outcomes.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov NCT01914068 (received: 7 June 2013).SponsorUniversity Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust.
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- 2016
31. Safety of N-Acetylcysteine at High Doses in Chronic Respiratory Diseases: A Review
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Calverley, Peter, Rogliani, Paola, and Papi, Alberto
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- 2021
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32. The Complex Chlorination Effects on High Selectivity Industrial EO Catalysts: Dynamic Interplay between Catalyst Composition and Process Conditions.
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Santos, Vera P., Plauck, Anthony, Gold, Jake, Majumdar, Paulami, McAdon, Mark H., and Calverley, Ted
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- 2024
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33. Harold James, Making a modern central bank: the Bank of England 1979–2003: Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2020
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Calverley, John
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- 2021
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34. Clinical significance and applications of oscillometry
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David A. Kaminsky, Shannon J. Simpson, Kenneth I. Berger, Peter Calverley, Pedro L. de Melo, Ronald Dandurand, Raffaele L. Dellacà, Claude S. Farah, Ramon Farré, Graham L. Hall, Iulia Ioan, Charles G. Irvin, David W. Kaczka, Gregory G. King, Hajime Kurosawa, Enrico Lombardi, Geoffrey N. Maksym, François Marchal, Ellie Oostveen, Beno W. Oppenheimer, Paul D. Robinson, Maarten van den Berge, and Cindy Thamrin
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Diseases of the respiratory system ,RC705-779 - Abstract
Recently, “Technical standards for respiratory oscillometry” was published, which reviewed the physiological basis of oscillometric measures and detailed the technical factors related to equipment and test performance, quality assurance and reporting of results. Here we present a review of the clinical significance and applications of oscillometry. We briefly review the physiological principles of oscillometry and the basics of oscillometry interpretation, and then describe what is currently known about oscillometry in its role as a sensitive measure of airway resistance, bronchodilator responsiveness and bronchial challenge testing, and response to medical therapy, particularly in asthma and COPD. The technique may have unique advantages in situations where spirometry and other lung function tests are not suitable, such as in infants, neuromuscular disease, sleep apnoea and critical care. Other potential applications include detection of bronchiolitis obliterans, vocal cord dysfunction and the effects of environmental exposures. However, despite great promise as a useful clinical tool, we identify a number of areas in which more evidence of clinical utility is needed before oscillometry becomes routinely used for diagnosing or monitoring respiratory disease.
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- 2022
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35. A genome-wide analysis of the response to inhaled β2-agonists in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
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Hardin, M, Cho, MH, McDonald, M-L, Wan, E, Lomas, DA, Coxson, HO, MacNee, W, Vestbo, J, Yates, JC, Agusti, A, Calverley, PMA, Celli, B, Crim, C, Rennard, S, Wouters, E, Bakke, P, Bhatt, SP, Kim, V, Ramsdell, J, Regan, EA, Make, BJ, Hokanson, JE, Crapo, JD, Beaty, TH, and Hersh, CP
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Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences ,Biomedical and Clinical Sciences ,Clinical Research ,Genetics ,Lung ,Human Genome ,Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ,Aetiology ,2.1 Biological and endogenous factors ,Respiratory ,Adrenergic beta-2 Receptor Agonists ,Black or African American ,Aged ,Bronchodilator Agents ,Cadherins ,Europe ,Female ,Genome-Wide Association Study ,Genotype ,Humans ,Male ,Middle Aged ,New Zealand ,North America ,Pharmacogenomic Testing ,Pharmacogenomic Variants ,Phenotype ,Potassium Channels ,Inwardly Rectifying ,Potassium Channels ,Tandem Pore Domain ,Pulmonary Disease ,Chronic Obstructive ,Risk Factors ,Sarcoglycans ,Severity of Illness Index ,Spirometry ,Treatment Outcome ,White People ,ECLIPSE and COPDGene Investigators ,COPDGene Investigators—clinical centers ,Pharmacology & Pharmacy ,Pharmacology and pharmaceutical sciences - Abstract
Short-acting β2-agonist bronchodilators are the most common medications used in treating chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Genetic variants determining bronchodilator responsiveness (BDR) in COPD have not been identified. We performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of BDR in 5789 current or former smokers with COPD in one African-American and four white populations. BDR was defined as the quantitative spirometric response to inhaled β2-agonists. We combined results in a meta-analysis. In the meta-analysis, single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the genes KCNK1 (P=2.02 × 10(-7)) and KCNJ2 (P=1.79 × 10(-7)) were the top associations with BDR. Among African Americans, SNPs in CDH13 were significantly associated with BDR (P=5.1 × 10(-9)). A nominal association with CDH13 was identified in a gene-based analysis in all subjects. We identified suggestive association with BDR among COPD subjects for variants near two potassium channel genes (KCNK1 and KCNJ2). SNPs in CDH13 were significantly associated with BDR in African Americans.The Pharmacogenomics Journal advance online publication, 27 October 2015; doi:10.1038/tpj.2015.65.
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- 2016
36. Blood eosinophils as a biomarker of future COPD exacerbation risk: pooled data from 11 clinical trials
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Dave Singh, Jadwiga A. Wedzicha, Salman Siddiqui, Alberto de la Hoz, Wenqiong Xue, Helgo Magnussen, Marc Miravitlles, James D. Chalmers, and Peter M. A. Calverley
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Eosinophils ,Exacerbations ,ICS ,Rate ratio ,Clinically irrelevant ,Randomized controlled trials ,Diseases of the respiratory system ,RC705-779 - Abstract
Abstract Background Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterised by progressive airflow limitation and chronic inflammation. Predicting exacerbations of COPD, which contribute to disease progression, is important to guide preventative treatment and improve outcomes. Blood eosinophils are a biomarker for patient responsiveness to inhaled corticosteroids (ICS); however, their effectiveness as a predictive biomarker for COPD exacerbations is unclear. Methods This post hoc analysis pooled data from 11 Boehringer Ingelheim-sponsored Phase III and IV randomised COPD studies with similar methodologies. Exacerbation data were collected from these studies, excluding patients from the ICS withdrawal arm of the WISDOM® study. Patients were grouped according to their baseline blood eosinophil count, baseline ICS use and number of exacerbations in the year prior to each study. Results Exacerbation rate data and baseline eosinophil count were available for 22,125 patients; 45.6% presented with a baseline blood eosinophil count of ≤ 150 cells/μL, 34.3% with 150–300 cells/μL and 20.1% with > 300 cells/μL. The lowest exacerbation rates were observed in patients with ≤ 150 cells/μL, with small increases in exacerbation rate observed with increasing eosinophil count. When stratified by exacerbation history, the annual rate of exacerbations for patients with 0 exacerbations in the previous year increased in line with increasing eosinophil counts (0.38 for ≤ 150 cells/μL, 0.39 for 150–300 cells/μL and 0.44 for > 300 cells/μL respectively). A similar trend was identified for patients with one exacerbation in the previous year, 0.62, 0.66 and 0.67 respectively. For patients with ≥ 2 exacerbations, exacerbation rates fluctuated between 1.02 (≤ 150 cells/μL) to 1.10 (150–300 cells/μL) and 1.07 (> 300 cells/μL). Higher exacerbation rates were noted in patients treated with ICS at baseline (range 0.75 to 0.82 with increasing eosinophil count) compared with patients not on ICS (range 0.45 to 0.49). Conclusion We found no clinically important relationship between baseline blood eosinophil count and exacerbation rate. Hence, the current analysis does not support the use of blood eosinophils to predict exacerbation risk; however, previous exacerbation history was found to be a more reliable predictor of future exacerbations. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifiers: NCT00168844 , NCT00168831 , NCT00387088 , NCT00782210 , NCT00782509 , NCT00793624 , NCT00796653 , NCT01431274 , NCT01431287 , NCT02296138 and NCT00975195 . Graphical abstract
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- 2020
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37. FEV1 is a stronger mortality predictor than FVC in patients with moderate COPD and with an increased risk for cardiovascular disease
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Bikov A, Lange P, Anderson JA, Brook RD, Calverley PMA, Celli BR, Cowans NJ, Crim C, Dixon IJ, Martinez FJ, Newby DE, Yates JC, and Vestbo J
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airflow limitation ,cardiovascular risk ,exacerbation ,lung function ,lung volumes ,death rate ,Diseases of the respiratory system ,RC705-779 - Abstract
Andras Bikov,1,2 Peter Lange,3,4 Julie A Anderson,5 Robert D Brook,6 Peter MA Calverley,7 Bartolome R Celli,8 Nicholas J Cowans,9 Courtney Crim,10 Ian J Dixon,9 Fernando J Martinez,11 David E Newby,12 Julie C Yates,10 Jørgen Vestbo1,2 1Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK; 2Division of Infection, Immunity & Respiratory Medicine, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; 3Medical Department, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Herlev, Denmark; 4Section of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; 5Research & Development, GlaxoSmithKline, Middlesex, UK; 6University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; 7University of Liverpool, Department of Medicine, Clinical Sciences Centre, University Hospital Aintree, Liverpool, UK; 8Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; 9Statistics & Programming, Veramed Ltd., Twickenham, UK; 10Research & Development, GlaxoSmithKline, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA; 11Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA; 12British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UKCorrespondence: Andras Bikov 2nd Floor ERC Building, Wythenshawe Hospital, Southmoor Road, Manchester M23 9LT, UKTel +36203141599Fax +441612915730Email andras.bikov@gmail.comPurpose: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Impaired lung function is associated with heightened risk for death, cardiovascular events, and COPD exacerbations. However, it is unclear if forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC) differ in predictive value.Patients and Methods: Data from 16,485 participants in the Study to Understand Mortality and Morbidity (SUMMIT) in COPD were analyzed. Patients were grouped into quintiles for each lung function parameter (FEV1 %predicted, FVC %predicted, FEV1/FVC). The four highest quintiles (Q2–Q5) were compared to the lowest (Q1) to assess their relationship with all-cause mortality, cardiovascular events, and moderate-to-severe and severe exacerbations. Cox-regression was used, adjusted for age, sex, ethnicity, body-mass index, smoking status, previous exacerbations, cardiovascular disease, treatment, and modified Medical Research Council dyspnea score.Results: Compared to Q1 (< 53.5% FEV1 predicted), increasing FEV1 quintiles (Q2 53.5– 457.5% predicted, Q3 57.5– 461.6% predicted, Q4 61.6– 465.8% predicted, and Q5 ≥ 65.8%) were all associated with significantly decreased all-cause mortality (20% (4– 34%), 28% (13– 40%), 23% (7– 36%), and 30% (15– 42%) risk reduction, respectively). In contrast, a significant risk reduction (21% (4– 35%)) was seen only between Q1 and Q5 quintiles of FVC. Neither FEV1 nor FVC was associated with cardiovascular risk. Increased FEV1 and FEV1/FVC quintiles were also associated with the reduction of moderate-to-severe and severe exacerbations while, surprisingly, the highest FVC quintile was related to the heightened exacerbation risk (28% (8– 52%) risk increase).Conclusion: Our results suggest that FEV1 is a stronger predictor for all-cause mortality than FVC in moderate COPD patients with heightened cardiovascular risk and that subjects with moderate COPD have very different risks.Keywords: airflow limitation, cardiovascular risk, exacerbation, lung function, lung volumes, death rate
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- 2020
38. Evidence against the wobbling nature of low-spin bands in 135Pr
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B.F. Lv, C.M. Petrache, E.A. Lawrie, S. Guo, A. Astier, K.K. Zheng, H.J. Ong, J.G. Wang, X.H. Zhou, Z.Y. Sun, P.T. Greenlees, H. Badran, T. Calverley, D.M. Cox, T. Grahn, J. Hilton, R. Julin, S. Juutinen, J. Konki, J. Pakarinen, P. Papadakis, J. Partanen, P. Rahkila, P. Ruotsalainen, M. Sandzelius, J. Sarén, C. Scholey, J. Sorri, S. Stolze, J. Uusitalo, B. Cederwall, A. Ertoprak, H. Liu, I. Kuti, J. Timár, A. Tucholski, J. Srebrny, and C. Andreoiu
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γγγ-coincidences ,Angular correlations ,Particle rotor model ,Wobbling bands ,Physics ,QC1-999 - Abstract
The electromagnetic character of the ΔI=1 transitions connecting the 1- to 0-phonon and the 2- to 1-phonon wobbling bands should be dominated by an E2 component, due to the collective motion of the entire nuclear charge. In the present work it is shown, based on combined angular correlation and linear polarization measurements, that the mixing ratios of all analyzed connecting transitions between low-lying bands in 135Pr interpreted as 0-, 1-, and 2-phonon wobbling bands, have absolute values smaller than one. This indicates predominant M1 magnetic character, which is incompatible with the proposed wobbling nature. All experimental observables are instead in good agreement with quasiparticle-plus-triaxial-rotor model calculations, which describe the bands as resulting from a rapid re-alignment of the total angular momentum from the short to the intermediate nuclear axis.
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- 2022
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39. Nature-Based Physical Activity and Hedonic and Eudaimonic Wellbeing: The Mediating Roles of Motivational Quality and Nature Relatedness
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Matthew Jenkins, Craig Lee, Susan Houge Mackenzie, Elaine Anne Hargreaves, Ken Hodge, and Jessica Calverley
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physical activity ,motivation ,nature relatedness ,psychological wellbeing ,eudaimonic wellbeing ,hedonic wellbeing ,Psychology ,BF1-990 - Abstract
The current study evaluated the degree to which nature-based physical activity (NPA) influenced two distinct types of psychological wellbeing: hedonic wellbeing and eudaimonic wellbeing. The type of motivation an individual experiences for physical activity, and the extent to which individuals have a sense of relatedness with nature, have been shown to influence the specific type of psychological wellbeing that is experienced as a result of NPA. However, the role of these two variables in the relationship between NPA and psychological wellbeing has not been examined. Thus, this study assessed the potential mediating influence of (1) motivational quality and (2) nature relatedness on the relationships between NPA and hedonic and eudaimonic wellbeing, respectively. Participants (N = 262) completed an online survey assessing hedonic and eudaimonic wellbeing, NPA, intrinsic motivation, autonomous extrinsic motivation, and nature relatedness. Data were analysed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling. Results showed that motivational quality and nature relatedness both fully mediated the relationships between NPA and hedonic and eudaimonic wellbeing. Specifically, intrinsic motivation positively mediated the relationship between NPA and hedonic wellbeing. Autonomous extrinsic motivation and nature relatedness positively mediated the relationship between NPA and eudaimonic wellbeing. These findings suggest that the associations between NPA and eudaimonic wellbeing and hedonic wellbeing, respectively, are driven by different mechanisms relating to an individual’s (1) underlying motivation and (2) sense of connection to nature. These findings suggest that promoting distinct types of wellbeing (hedonic vs. eudaimonic) through NPA requires distinct approaches. Emphasising enjoyment, pleasure, and positive kinaesthetic experiences within NPA may be more conducive to hedonic wellbeing, while highlighting opportunities for connecting with nature or experiencing valued outcomes of NPA may be more conducive to eudaimonic wellbeing.
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- 2022
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40. Overnight variation in tidal expiratory flow limitation in COPD patients and its correction: an observational study
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McKenzie, J., Nisha, P., Cannon-Bailey, S., Cain, C., Kissel, M., Stachel, J., Proscyk, C., Romano, R., Hardy, B., and Calverley, P. M. A.
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- 2021
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41. Effect of Erdosteine on COPD Exacerbations in COPD Patients with Moderate Airflow Limitation
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Calverley PMA, Page C, Dal Negro RW, Fontana G, Cazzola M, Cicero AF, Pozzi E, and Wedzicha JA
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antioxidant ,anti-inflammatory ,chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ,erdosteine ,copd exacerbations ,Diseases of the respiratory system ,RC705-779 - Abstract
Peter MA Calverley,1 Clive Page,2 Roberto W Dal Negro,3 Giovanni Fontana,4 Mario Cazzola,5 Arrigo F Cicero,6 Edoardo Pozzi7,†, Jadwiga A Wedzicha8 1Department of Medicine, Clinical Sciences Centre, University Hospital Aintree, Liverpool, UK; 2Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College, London, UK; 3Lung Unit, National Centre for Respiratory Pharmacoeconomics and Pharmacoepidemiology, Verona, Italy; 4Pulmonology Department, Cough Centre, Careggi University Hospital, Firenze, Italy; 5Department of Systems Medicine, Chair of Respiratory Medicine, University of Rome ‘Tor Vergata’, Rome, Italy; 6Medical and Surgical Department, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; 7Medical Affairs Department, Edmond Pharma, Paderno, Italy; 8Respiratory Division, National Heart And Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK†Dr Pozzii passed away on 9th July, 2019Correspondence: Peter MA CalverleyDepartment of Medicine, University Hospital Aintree, Lower Lane, Liverpool, Merseyside, UKTel +44 1515295886Fax +44 1515295888Email pmacal@liverpool.ac.ukBackground: The RESTORE study, a multi-national randomized, placebo-controlled study, showed that erdosteine – a muco-active antioxidant that modulates bacterial adhesiveness – reduced the rate and duration of exacerbations in moderate and severe COPD with a history of exacerbations. How much benefit patients with less severe disease experience when taking this drug remains unclear.Methods: This post hoc analysis of the 254 RESTORE participants with spirometrically-defined moderate COPD (post-bronchodilator forced expiratory volume in 1 second [FEV1] 50‒79% predicted) examined exacerbation rate and duration, time to first exacerbation, and exacerbation-free time. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and comparisons between treatment groups used Wilcoxon rank-sum tests, Mann–Whitney U-tests, or log rank tests.Results: Patients with moderate COPD received erdosteine 300 mg twice daily (n=126) or placebo (n=128) added to usual COPD therapy for 12 months. During this time, there were 53 exacerbations in the erdosteine group and 74 in the placebo group, with 42.1% and 57.8% of patients, respectively, experiencing an exacerbation. There was a 47% reduction in the mean exacerbation rate with erdosteine compared to placebo (0.27 vs 0.51 exacerbations per-patient per-year, respectively, P=0.003), and a 58.3% reduction in the mild exacerbation rate (0.23 vs 0.53 mild exacerbations per-patient per-year, P=0.001). Mean duration of exacerbations was 26% shorter in erdosteine-treated patients (9.1 vs 12.3 days for placebo, P=0.022), with significant reductions in the duration of mild and moderate-to-severe exacerbations. Mean time to first exacerbation was prolonged by 7.7% (182 days for erdosteine vs 169 days for placebo, P
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- 2019
42. First Study on Nihonium (Nh, Element 113) Chemistry at TASCA
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A. Yakushev, L. Lens, Ch. E. Düllmann, M. Block, H. Brand, T. Calverley, M. Dasgupta, A. Di Nitto, M. Götz, S. Götz, H. Haba, L. Harkness-Brennan, R-D. Herzberg, F. P. Heßberger, D. Hinde, A. Hübner, E. Jäger, D. Judson, J. Khuyagbaatar, B. Kindler, Y. Komori, J. Konki, J.V. Kratz, J. Krier, N. Kurz, M. Laatiaoui, B. Lommel, Christian Lorenz, M. Maiti, A.K. Mistry, Ch. Mokry, Y. Nagame, P. Papadakis, A. Såmark-Roth, D. Rudolph, J. Runke, L.G. Sarmiento, T.K. Sato, M. Schädel, P. Scharrer, B. Schausten, J. Steiner, P. Thörle-Pospiech, A. Toyoshima, N. Trautmann, J. Uusitalo, A. Ward, M. Wegrzecki, and V. Yakusheva
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superheavy elements ,nihonium ,element 113 ,gas phase chromatography ,physical preseparation ,TASCA ,Chemistry ,QD1-999 - Abstract
Nihonium (Nh, element 113) and flerovium (Fl, element 114) are the first superheavy elements in which the 7p shell is occupied. High volatility and inertness were predicted for Fl due to the strong relativistic stabilization of the closed 7p1/2 sub-shell, which originates from a large spin-orbit splitting between the 7p1/2 and 7p3/2 orbitals. One unpaired electron in the outermost 7p1/2 sub-shell in Nh is expected to give rise to a higher chemical reactivity. Theoretical predictions of Nh reactivity are discussed, along with results of the first experimental attempts to study Nh chemistry in the gas phase. The experimental observations verify a higher chemical reactivity of Nh atoms compared to its neighbor Fl and call for the development of advanced setups. First tests of a newly developed detection device miniCOMPACT with highly reactive Fr isotopes assure that effective chemical studies of Nh are within reach.
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- 2021
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43. Impact of the UK lockdown on people at risk of COPD
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Gavin C. Donaldson, Andrew I. Ritchie, Peter M.A. Calverley, Jorgen Vestbo, Malin Fageras, Alberto de la Hoz, Enrica Bucchioni, Chris H. Compton, Karen Mezzi, and Jadwiga A. Wedzicha
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Medicine - Published
- 2021
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44. Tiotropium/Olodaterol Decreases Exacerbation Rates Compared with Tiotropium in a Range of Patients with COPD: Pooled Analysis of the TONADO®/DYNAGITO® Trials
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Wedzicha, Jadwiga A., Buhl, Roland, Singh, Dave, Vogelmeier, Claus F., de la Hoz, Alberto, Xue, Wenqiong, Anzueto, Antonio, and Calverley, Peter M. A.
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- 2020
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45. Circadian control of the secretory pathway maintains collagen homeostasis
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Chang, Joan, Garva, Richa, Pickard, Adam, Yeung, Ching-Yan Chloé, Mallikarjun, Venkatesh, Swift, Joe, Holmes, David F., Calverley, Ben, Lu, Yinhui, Adamson, Antony, Raymond-Hayling, Helena, Jensen, Oliver, Shearer, Tom, Meng, Qing Jun, and Kadler, Karl E.
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- 2020
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46. Lifetime measurements of excited states in 169,171,173Os: Persistence of anomalous B(E2) ratios in transitional rare earth nuclei in the presence of a decoupled i13/2 valence neutron
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W. Zhang, B. Cederwall, M. Doncel, Ö. Aktas, A. Ertoprak, R. Liotta, C. Qi, T. Grahn, B.S. Nara Singh, D.M. Cullen, D. Hodge, M. Giles, S. Stolze, H. Badran, T. Braunroth, T. Calverley, D.M. Cox, Y.D. Fang, P.T. Greenlees, J. Hilton, E. Ideguchi, R. Julin, S. Juutinen, M. Kumar Raju, H. Li, H. Liu, S. Matta, P. Subramaniam, V. Modamio, J. Pakarinen, P. Papadakis, J. Partanen, C.M. Petrache, P. Rahkila, P. Ruotsalainen, M. Sandzelius, J. Sarén, C. Scholey, J. Sorri, M.J. Taylor, J. Uusitalo, and J.J. Valiente-Dobón
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Physics ,QC1-999 - Abstract
Lifetimes of low-lying excited states in the νi13/2+ bands of the neutron-deficient osmium isotopes 169,171,173Os have been measured for the first time using the recoil-distance Doppler shift and recoil-isomer tagging techniques. An unusually low value is observed for the ratio B(E2;21/2+→17/2+)/B(E2;17/2+→13/2+) in 169Os, similar to the “anomalously” low values of the ratio B(E2;41+→21+)/B(E2;21+→0gs+) previously observed in several transitional rare-earth nuclides with even numbers of neutrons and protons, including the neighbouring 168,170Os. Furthermore, the evolution of B(E2;21/2+→17/2+)/B(E2;17/2+→13/2+) with increasing neutron number in the odd-mass isotopic chain 169,171,173Os is observed to follow the same trend as observed previously in the even-even Os isotopes. These findings indicate that the possible quantum phase transition from a seniority conserving structure to a collective regime as a function of neutron number suggested for the even-even systems is maintained in these odd-mass osmium nuclei, with the odd valence neutron merely acting as a “spectator”. As for the even-even nuclei, the phenomenon is highly unexpected for nuclei that are not situated near closed shells.
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- 2021
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47. Discovery of re-purposed drugs that slow SARS-CoV-2 replication in human cells.
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Adam Pickard, Ben C Calverley, Joan Chang, Richa Garva, Sara Gago, Yinhui Lu, and Karl E Kadler
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Immunologic diseases. Allergy ,RC581-607 ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 - Abstract
COVID-19 vaccines based on the Spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 have been developed that appear to be largely successful in stopping infection. However, therapeutics that can help manage the disease are still required until immunity has been achieved globally. The identification of repurposed drugs that stop SARS-CoV-2 replication could have enormous utility in stemming the disease. Here, using a nano-luciferase tagged version of the virus (SARS-CoV-2-ΔOrf7a-NLuc) to quantitate viral load, we evaluated a range of human cell types for their ability to be infected and support replication of the virus, and performed a screen of 1971 FDA-approved drugs. Hepatocytes, kidney glomerulus, and proximal tubule cells were particularly effective in supporting SARS-CoV-2 replication, which is in-line with reported proteinuria and liver damage in patients with COVID-19. Using the nano-luciferase as a measure of virus replication we identified 35 drugs that reduced replication in Vero cells and human hepatocytes when treated prior to SARS-CoV-2 infection and found amodiaquine, atovaquone, bedaquiline, ebastine, LY2835219, manidipine, panobinostat, and vitamin D3 to be effective in slowing SARS-CoV-2 replication in human cells when used to treat infected cells. In conclusion, our study has identified strong candidates for drug repurposing, which could prove powerful additions to the treatment of COVID.
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- 2021
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48. Common Genetic Variants Associated with Resting Oxygenation in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
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McDonald, Merry-Lynn N, Cho, Michael H, Sørheim, Inga-Cecilie, Lutz, Sharon M, Castaldi, Peter J, Lomas, David A, Coxson, Harvey O, Edwards, Lisa D, MacNee, William, Vestbo, Jørgen, Yates, Julie C, Agusti, Alvar, Calverley, Peter MA, Celli, Bartolome, Crim, Courtney, Rennard, Stephen I, Wouters, Emiel FM, Bakke, Per, Tal-Singer, Ruth, Miller, Bruce E, Gulsvik, Amund, Casaburi, Richard, Wells, J Michael, Regan, Elizabeth A, Make, Barry J, Hokanson, John E, Lange, Christoph, Crapo, James D, Beaty, Terri H, Silverman, Edwin K, and Hersh, Craig P
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Biological Sciences ,Biomedical and Clinical Sciences ,Genetics ,Lung ,Prevention ,Clinical Research ,Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ,Human Genome ,2.1 Biological and endogenous factors ,Aetiology ,Respiratory ,Black or African American ,Aged ,Aged ,80 and over ,Chromosomes ,Human ,Pair 15 ,Female ,Genetic Predisposition to Disease ,Genetic Variation ,Genome-Wide Association Study ,Humans ,Hypoxia ,Male ,Middle Aged ,Oximetry ,Oxygen ,Polymorphism ,Single Nucleotide ,Prognosis ,Pulmonary Disease ,Chronic Obstructive ,Rest ,White People ,chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ,hypoxemia ,pulse oximetry ,genome-wide association study ,oxygen saturation ,Evaluation of COPD Longitudinally to Identify Predictive Surrogate Endpoints and COPDGene Investigators ,Cardiorespiratory Medicine and Haematology ,Respiratory System ,Biochemistry and cell biology ,Cardiovascular medicine and haematology - Abstract
Hypoxemia is a major complication of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) that correlates with disease prognosis. Identifying genetic variants associated with oxygenation may provide clues for deciphering the heterogeneity in prognosis among patients with COPD. However, previous genetic studies have been restricted to investigating COPD candidate genes for association with hypoxemia. To report results from the first genome-wide association study (GWAS) of resting oxygen saturation (as measured by pulse oximetry [Spo2]) in subjects with COPD, we performed a GWAS of Spo2 in two large, well characterized COPD populations: COPDGene, including both the non-Hispanic white (NHW) and African American (AA) groups, and Evaluation of COPD Longitudinally to Identify Predictive Surrogate Endpoints (ECLIPSE). We identified several suggestive loci (P < 1 × 10(-5)) associated with Spo2 in COPDGene in the NHW (n = 2810) and ECLIPSE (n = 1758) groups, and two loci on chromosomes 14 and 15 in the AA group (n = 820) from COPDGene achieving a level of genome-wide significance (P < 5 × 10(-8)). The chromosome 14 single-nucleotide polymorphism, rs6576132, located in an intergenic region, was nominally replicated (P < 0.05) in the NHW group from COPDGene. The chromosome 15 single-nucleotide polymorphisms were rare in subjects of European ancestry, so the results could not be replicated. The chromosome 15 region contains several genes, including TICRR and KIF7, and is proximal to RHCG (Rh family C glyocoprotein gene). We have identified two loci associated with resting oxygen saturation in AA subjects with COPD, and several suggestive regions in subjects of European descent with COPD. Our study highlights the importance of investigating the genetics of complex traits in different racial groups.
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- 2014
49. Piloting a Process Maturity Model as an e-Learning Benchmarking Method
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Petch, Jim, Calverley, Gayle, Dexter, Hilary, and Cappelli, Tim
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As part of a national e-learning benchmarking initiative of the UK Higher Education Academy, the University of Manchester is carrying out a pilot study of a method to benchmark e-learning in an institution. The pilot was designed to evaluate the operational viability of a method based on the e-Learning Maturity Model developed at the University of Wellington, New Zealand, which, in turn was derived from Carnegie Mellon's widely accepted Capability Maturity Model. The method is based on gathering evidence about the many and interdependent processes in the e-learning and student lifecycles and takes a holistic view of maturity, addressing multiple aspects. This paper deals with the rationale for the selected method and explains the adoption of a process based approach. It describes the iterative refinement of the questionnaire used to elicit evidence for measures of five aspects of maturity in a range of e-learning processes, in five process areas. The pilot study will produce a map of evidence of e-learning practice across the processes matrix and a measure of the degree of embedding in a sample of faculties within the institution expressed as capability and maturity. To provide a useful measure of where an organisation is with respect to a particular aspect of e-learning, it needs to be able to act on that measure, finding any new activities required or modifying current activities to improve its processes. The pilot study aims to evaluate the potential for improvement inherent in the capability maturity model and to examine the resource implications of obtaining useful evidence. A successful benchmarking effort should be able to inform an institution's planning and resourcing processes and the outcomes of this pilot should lead to an informed decision about a method for benchmarking the embedding of e-learning, both for the particular institution and for the sector, which in turn can lead to operational suggestions for improvement.
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- 2007
50. Considerations for Producing Re-Usable and Sustainable Educational Streaming Materials
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Calverley, Gayle
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Useful lifetime of educational materials should be defined by their continuing ability to help meet defined learning objectives. More often lifetime is compromised by changes in the educational environment that do not specifically relate to the capacity of the material to assist learning. Approaches for integration of materials into the learning environment can be designed to maximise useful lifetime of materials against potential barriers created by, for example, instances of technological change. In this study, the impact of different approaches is demonstrated by examining the development of 163 learning objects, based on several licensed collections of streaming video procured for cross-sector educational use by the UK Lifesign project. Constraints relating to sustainability work within the limitations of a short-term project environment are specifically considered.
- Published
- 2006
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