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2. Recurring volcanic winters during the latest Cretaceous: Sulfur and fluorine budgets of Deccan Traps lavas.

Author

Callegaro, Sara, Baker, Don, Renne, Paul, Melluso, Leone, Geraki, Kalotina, Whitehouse, Martin, De Min, Angelo, and Marzoli, Andrea

Abstract

Two events share the stage as main drivers of the Cretaceous-Paleogene mass extinction-Deccan Traps volcanism, and an asteroid impact recorded by the Chicxulub crater. We contribute to refining knowledge of the volcanic stressor by providing sulfur and fluorine budgets of Deccan lavas from the Western Ghats (India), which straddle the Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary. Volcanic fluorine budgets were variable (400 to 3000 parts per million) and probably sufficient to affect the environment, albeit only regionally. The highest sulfur budgets (up to 1800 parts per million) are recorded in Deccan lavas emplaced just prior (within 0.1 million years) to the extinction interval, whereas later basalts are generally sulfur-poor (up to 750 parts per million). Independent evidence suggests the Deccan flood basalts erupted in high-flux pulses. Our data suggest that volcanic sulfur degassing from such activity could have caused repeated short-lived global drops in temperature, stressing the ecosystems long before the bolide impact delivered its final blow at the end of the Cretaceous.

Published
2023

6. The transcrustal plumbing system of Large Igneous Provinces: Insights from glomerocrysts and melt inclusions

Author

Capriolo, Manfredo, primary, Callegaro, Sara, additional, Deegan, Frances, additional, Merle, Renaud, additional, Jeon, Heejin, additional, Whitehouse, Martin, additional, Aradi, László, additional, Storm, Malte, additional, Renne, Paul, additional, Baker, Don, additional, Dal Corso, Jacopo, additional, Newton, Robert, additional, Szabó, Csaba, additional, Carvalho, Bruna, additional, Youbi, Nasrrddine, additional, and Marzoli, Andrea, additional

Published
2024
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9. The Central Atlantic Magmatic Province (CAMP): A Review

Author

Marzoli, Andrea, Callegaro, Sara, Dal Corso, Jacopo, Davies, Joshua H. F. L., Chiaradia, Massimo, Youbi, Nassrrdine, Bertrand, Hervé, Reisberg, Laurie, Merle, Renaud, Jourdan, Fred, Landman, Neil, Series editor, Harries, Peter J., Series editor, and Tanner, Lawrence H., editor

Published
2018
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16. Driving Global Change One LIP at a Time

Author

Deegan, Frances, Callegaro, Sara, Davies, Joshua H. F. L., Svensen, Henrik H., Deegan, Frances, Callegaro, Sara, Davies, Joshua H. F. L., and Svensen, Henrik H.

Abstract

Earth's history has been punctuated by extraordinary magmatic events that produced large igneous provinces (LIPs). Many LIPs induced global changes, including millennial-scale warming, terrestrial and oceanic mass extinctions, oceanic anoxic events, and even glaciations. Research over the past 20 years has shown that shallow crustal degassing is an important factor contributing to the environmental impact of LIPs. Contact metamorphism in sedimentary basins can generate huge gas volumes, and operates as a function of magma volume and the architecture of LIP plumbing systems. Numerous open questions remain concerning the role of LIPs in triggering rapid and lasting changes, whose answers require collaboration across geoscientific disciplines. In this issue, we present the status of five key research themes and discuss potential ways forward to better understanding these large-scale phenomena.

Published
2023
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18. Magma-shale interaction and volatile mobilization at LIPs: insights from kinetic experiments

Author

Deegan, Frances, primary, Bédard, Jean, additional, Grasby, Stephen, additional, Dewing, Keith, additional, Geiger, Harri, additional, Svensen, Henrik, additional, Misiti, Valeria, additional, Capriolo, Manfredo, additional, Callegaro, Sara, additional, Yakymchuk, Chris, additional, Aradi, László, additional, Freda, Carmela, additional, and Troll, Valentin, additional

Published
2023
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21. The Central Atlantic Magmatic Province (CAMP): A Review

Author

Marzoli, Andrea, primary, Callegaro, Sara, additional, Dal Corso, Jacopo, additional, Davies, Joshua H. F. L., additional, Chiaradia, Massimo, additional, Youbi, Nassrrdine, additional, Bertrand, Hervé, additional, Reisberg, Laurie, additional, Merle, Renaud, additional, and Jourdan, Fred, additional

Published
2017
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23. Magma–Shale Interaction in Large Igneous Provinces: Implications for Climate Warming and Sulfide Genesis

Author

Deegan, Frances M, primary, Bédard, Jean H, additional, Grasby, Stephen E, additional, Dewing, Keith, additional, Geiger, Harri, additional, Misiti, Valeria, additional, Capriolo, Manfredo, additional, Callegaro, Sara, additional, Svensen, Henrik H, additional, Yakymchuk, Chris, additional, Aradi, László E, additional, Freda, Carmela, additional, and Troll, Valentin R, additional

Published
2022
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33. Vinterkonferansen sulfur.pdf

Author

Callegaro, Sara, Baker, Don R., and Marzoli, Andrea

Abstract

Five volatile species, H2O, CO2, F, Cl, and S, exert their strong control on magmatic systems, but their quantification remains challenging due to their elusive nature. Partitioning between nominally volatile-free minerals and melts was vastly studied for four out of these five volatiles (H2O, CO2, F, and Cl), except sulfur. We here present measurements of sulfur partitioning between clinopyroxene and silicate melts over a range of pressure (0.8-1.2 GPa), temperature (1000-1240°C), and melt composition (49-66 wt% SiO2; Callegaro et al., 2014; 2020). Experiments were performed at either high or low oxygen fugacities, where sulfur in the melt is dominantly present as an S6+ or an S2– species, respectively. The study was designed for clinopyroxene, but few additional measurements of crystal-melt sulfur partitioning were performed for plagioclase, orthopyroxene, amphibole, and olivine in some of the experiments. We measured sulfur in the crystals by synchrotron-light microfluorescence at the Beamline I18 of Diamond Light Source, UK (Mosselmans et al., 2009). Calculated as the total sulfur in the crystal divided by the total sulfur in the melt, the partition coefficient varies from 0.017 to 0.075 for clinopyroxene (negatively correlated with the Mg/(Mg+Fe) ratio of the crystal), from 0.036 to 0.229 for plagioclase, and is a maximum of 0.001 for olivine and of 0.003 for orthopyroxene. Total sulfur partition coefficients correlate positively with cation-oxygen bond lengths in the crystals, increasing in this order: olivine < orthopyroxene < clinopyroxene ≤ amphibole and plagioclase. Hydrous experiments at high oxygen fugacity yielded total sulfur clinopyroxene/melt partition coefficients much lower (ca. one-third) than those from low oxygen fugacity, anhydrous experiments. Partition coefficients calculated as total sulfur in the crystal divided by S2– in the melt cluster into a single mean value of 0.063 ± 0.010 (1σ) for most experiments, and show no clear dependence from the clinopyroxene Mg# or AlIV. Sulfur, in its S2– form, seems to replace oxygen in the crystal structure. Oxygen fugacity shows a greater effect on sulfur partitioning than water. The partition coefficients measured for total sulfur and S2– are lower than those of fluorine, higher than those of carbon, and similar to those of chlorine and hydrogen, for the various mineral phases. These newly measured values complete the toolbox of partition coefficients that can be used to assess the concentration of the five most important magmatic volatiles in equilibrium melts by analyses of their mineral cargo. This approach is particularly useful in studies of extinct volcanic systems and as a potential exploration tool for massive sulfide deposits. Examples on rocks from the Central Atlantic Magmatic Province and the Deccan Traps will be presented. We recommend use of these partition coefficients only for sulfur measurements obtained by the same technique.

Published
2021
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35. Tracing volcanic emissions from the Central Atlantic Magmatic Province in the sedimentary record

Author

Marine palynology and palaeoceanography, Marine Palynology, Lindström, Sofie, Callegaro, Sara, Davies, Joshua, Tegner, Christian, van de Schootbrugge, Bas, Pedersen, Gunver K., Youbi, Nasrrddine, Sanei, Hamed, Marzoli, Andrea, Marine palynology and palaeoceanography, Marine Palynology, Lindström, Sofie, Callegaro, Sara, Davies, Joshua, Tegner, Christian, van de Schootbrugge, Bas, Pedersen, Gunver K., Youbi, Nasrrddine, Sanei, Hamed, and Marzoli, Andrea

Published
2021

36. Tracing volcanic emissions from the CAMP volcanism in the sedimentary and biotic record

Author

Lindström, Sofie, Callegaro, Sara, Davies, Joshua, Tegner, Christian, Schootbrugge, Bas van de, Pedersen, Gunver K., Youbi, Nasrrddine, Sanei, Hamed, Marzoli, Andrea, Lindström, Sofie, Callegaro, Sara, Davies, Joshua, Tegner, Christian, Schootbrugge, Bas van de, Pedersen, Gunver K., Youbi, Nasrrddine, Sanei, Hamed, and Marzoli, Andrea

Published
2021

39. Deep CO2 from the Central Atlantic Magmatic Province during the end-Triassic mass extinction

Author

Capriolo, Manfredo, primary, Marzoli, Andrea, additional, Aradi, László E, additional, Callegaro, Sara, additional, Dal Corso, Jacopo, additional, Newton, Robert J., additional, Mills, Benjamin J. W., additional, Wignall, Paul B., additional, Bartoli, Omar, additional, Baker, Don R., additional, Youbi, Nasrrddine, additional, Remusat, Laurent, additional, Spiess, Richard, additional, and Szabo, Csaba, additional

Published
2021
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41. Assessing Origins of End-Triassic Tholeiites From Eastern North America Using Hafnium Isotopes

Author

Elkins, Lynne J., Meyzen, Christine M., Callegaro, Sara, Marzoli, Andrea, Bizimis, Michael, Elkins, Lynne J., Meyzen, Christine M., Callegaro, Sara, Marzoli, Andrea, and Bizimis, Michael

Abstract

The driving processes responsible for producing the Central Atlantic Magmatic Province, the Large Igneous Province associated with end-Triassic rifting of Pangea, remain largely debated. Because their compositions encompass most of the Central Atlantic basalt spectrum, tholeiites from southern Eastern North America are considered pivotal for identifying magma origins. New(176)Hf/Hf-177 measurements for 201 Ma Eastern North American tholeiites dominantly record a local petrogenetic history. Their epsilon(Hf)ratios, corrected to an emplacement age of 201 Ma (-7.85 to +5.86), form a positive but shallowly sloped array slightly deviating from the terrestrial array on a epsilon(Hf)versus epsilon(Nd)diagram. Comparison of(176)Hf/Hf-177 to other isotope ratios and trace elements helps to rule out several petrogenetic scenarios, particularly mixing of melts from global depleted or enriched mantle components. In contrast, partial melting of subduction-metasomatized mantle can explain the parental magma composition for southern Eastern North America. Such metasomatism likely occurred during Paleozoic subduction around Pangea and may have been dominated by sediment-derived fluid reactions. The observed(176)Hf/Hf-177 versus(143)Nd/Nd-144 array may reflect subsequent assimilation of lower continental crust, perhaps together with limited direct melting of recycled continental crust in the asthenosphere. The proposed recycling scenario does not specifically support or preclude a mantle plume origin for the Central Atlantic Magmatic Province but instead points toward the presence of a distinct local mantle source and crustal assimilation processes during magma transport. Detailed understanding of these local effects is needed in order to more accurately understand the origins of Large Igneous Provinces.

Published
2020
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49. A crystal/melt partitioning study for sulfur and halogens: pyroxenes as probes for assessing gas loads in LIP magmas

Author

Callegaro, Sara, Baker, Don R., Marzoli, Andrea, De Min, Angelo, Whitehouse, Martin, Renne, Paul R., Svensen, Henrik H., EGU General Assembly, Callegaro, Sara, Baker, Don R., Marzoli, Andrea, De Min, Angelo, Whitehouse, Martin, Renne, Paul R., and Svensen, Henrik H.

Subjects
crystal/melt partitioning, sulfur and halogens, Pyroxenes, LIP magmas, sulfur and halogen, Pyroxene
Abstract

A link between magmatism from Large Igneous Provinces (LIPs) and mass extinctions has been observed at leastin five occasions in the Phanerozoic. Volatile species such as S, C and halogen compounds severely impactedthe global environment, released both from melts and thermal metamorphism of volatile-rich sediments. It is stillchallenging to obtain quantitative estimates of the degassed volatiles for ancient magmatic systems, particularly inthe absence of melt inclusions. We propose to fill the gap of knowledge on sulfur partitioning between mineralsand melts, at the aim of using phenocrysts as probes of volatile contents in the melts from which they crystallized.Measuring a volatile concentration in natural minerals (chiefly clinopyroxene) and combining it with an experi-mentally determined partition coefficient (KD), the volatile load in basaltic equilibrium melts can be calculated.We measured a clinopyroxene/melt sulfur KD of 0.0009±0.0001 for basaltic experiments performed at conditionstypical of LIP basalts (FMQ-2; 800-1000 MPa; 1000 ̊-1350 ̊C), through ion microprobe (Nordsim). Basaltic ex-periments were also simultaneously analyzed for Cl and F. For these elements the measured clinopyroxene/meltKDs were more variable, 0.0071±0.0052 and 0.1985±0.087, respectively. Compatibility of sulfur, chlorine andfluorine in clinopyroxene from basaltic systems is markedly different (F>Cl>S), in agreement with what observedby previous studies, and the partition coefficient is well constrained around 0.001 for S. Application of the newlymeasured sulfur KD to samples from thoroughly-dated lava piles from the Deccan Traps and from the SiberianTraps sills reveal that most of the basalts were at or near sulfide saturation (up to ca. 2000 ppm for low fO2melts).

Published
2018

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