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1. Patient History Is Often Reliable in Cases of Venom-Induced Anaphylaxis: A Retrospective Observational Study

Author

Hein N, Callaway C, Ford D, and Carlson JC

Subjects
venom, venom hypersensitivity, anaphylaxis, allergy testing, venom immunotherapy, hymenoptera, time-to-treatment, Immunologic diseases. Allergy, RC581-607
Abstract

Nina Hein,1 Conner Callaway,2 Devin Ford,2 John C Carlson1 1Ochsner Health System, Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, New Orleans, LA, USA; 2Tulane University, School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USACorrespondence: John C Carlson, Department of Pediatrics, Ochsner Health System, 1315 Jefferson Hwy, New Orleans, LA, 20121, USA, Tel +1-504-842-3900, Fax +1-504-842-5848, Email john.carlson@ochsner.org

Published
2024

3. Machine learning with electrocardiograms to optimize mortality risk stratification in patients with suspected acute coronary syndrome

Author

Bouzid, Z, primary, Sejdic, E, additional, Martin-Gill, C, additional, Faramand, Z, additional, Alrawashdeh, M, additional, Gokhale, T A, additional, Riek, N T, additional, Gregg, R E, additional, Zegre-Hemsey, J, additional, Akcakaya, M, additional, Saba, S, additional, Callaway, C W, additional, and Al-Zaiti, S S, additional

Published
2024
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4. Review and Modeling of Integrated Energy Systems with Nuclear Reactor Coupled Desalination and District Heating.

Author

Aziz, Md Akhlak Bin, Callaway, C. T., Brown, Nicholas R., and Brooks, Caleb

Abstract

AbstractDetailed reviews of a past advanced nuclear reactor–based integrated energy system, as well as other nuclear reactor and fossil fuel–based integrated energy systems, have been performed for this work. A review of the utilization of heat from nuclear reactors for various applications and cogeneration has been done. The heat can be utilized by extracting the steam from the turbine while the steam is still at a desired temperature. While the use of nuclear process heat for district heating in countries like Finland, France, China, Poland, and elsewhere is discussed, more focus of the review has been given to nuclear desalination processes.Integrated energy systems (IESs), where distinct types of reactors like pressurized water reactors, boiling water reactors, sodium-cooled fast reactors, heavy water reactors, and other advanced reactors are coupled with various nuclear desalination processes, like multi-effect distillation (MED), multistage flashing, and reverse osmosis methods, are discussed. The nuclear desalination plant at Aktau is discussed in more detail due to its decades of successful operation. The IES of the Aktau plant coupled with a five-effect MED desalination plant was taken as a reference for modeling the Open Modelica (OM)–based IES in this work. The OM IES model shows good agreement with the MED plant output of Aktau and can be extended for future applications of IESs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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6. The Cyclops comes to Sicily: The Western setting of a Homeric Episode

Author

Dova, S, Callaway, C, Gazis, G, Nova, Isabella, Isabella Nova (ORCID:0000-0002-7880-4856), Dova, S, Callaway, C, Gazis, G, Nova, Isabella, and Isabella Nova (ORCID:0000-0002-7880-4856)

Abstract

Odysseus’s encounter with the Cyclops Polyphemus is one of the best-known episodes of the Odyssey today and it was very popular in antiquity as well. This contribution will focus on the geographical setting of the episode from a diachronic perspective: while in the Odyssey the location of the Cyclopes’ land remains undetermined, from the 5th century onward it was consistently identified with Sicily. The geographical features of this Western setting will be explored through various literary texts, with the aim of emphasizing the relationship between these features and the portrayal of the Cyclops.

Published
2023

7. Hypothermia versus Normothermia after Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest

Author

Dankiewicz J., Cronberg T., Lilja G., Jakobsen J. C., Levin H., Ullen S., Rylander C., Wise M. P., Oddo M., Cariou A., Belohlavek J., Hovdenes J., Saxena M., Kirkegaard H., Young P. J., Pelosi P., Storm C., Taccone F. S., Joannidis M., Callaway C., Eastwood G. M., Morgan M. P. G., Nordberg P., Erlinge D., Nichol A. D., Chew M. S., Hollenberg J., Thomas M., Bewley J., Sweet K., Grejs A. M., Christensen S., Haenggi M., Levis A., Lundin A., During J., Schmidbauer S., Keeble T. R., Karamasis G. V., Schrag C., Faessler E., Smid O., Otahal M., Maggiorini M., Wendel Garcia P. D., Jaubert P., Cole J. M., Solar M., Borgquist O., Leithner C., Abed-Maillard S., Navarra L., Annborn M., Unden J., Brunetti I., Awad A., McGuigan P., Olsen R. B., Cassina T., Vignon P., Langeland H., Lange T., Friberg H., Nielsen N. Collaborators, Erik Roman Pognuz, Umberto Lucangelo, Giorgio Berlot, Elisabetta Macchini., Dankiewicz, J., Cronberg, T., Lilja, G., Jakobsen, J. C., Levin, H., Ullen, S., Rylander, C., Wise, M. P., Oddo, M., Cariou, A., Belohlavek, J., Hovdenes, J., Saxena, M., Kirkegaard, H., Young, P. J., Pelosi, P., Storm, C., Taccone, F. S., Joannidis, M., Callaway, C., Eastwood, G. M., Morgan, M. P. G., Nordberg, P., Erlinge, D., Nichol, A. D., Chew, M. S., Hollenberg, J., Thomas, M., Bewley, J., Sweet, K., Grejs, A. M., Christensen, S., Haenggi, M., Levis, A., Lundin, A., During, J., Schmidbauer, S., Keeble, T. R., Karamasis, G. V., Schrag, C., Faessler, E., Smid, O., Otahal, M., Maggiorini, M., Wendel Garcia, P. D., Jaubert, P., Cole, J. M., Solar, M., Borgquist, O., Leithner, C., Abed-Maillard, S., Navarra, L., Annborn, M., Unden, J., Brunetti, I., Awad, A., Mcguigan, P., Olsen, R. B., Cassina, T., Vignon, P., Langeland, H., Lange, T., Friberg, H., Collaborators:, Nielsen N., ROMAN-POGNUZ, Erik, Lucangelo, Umberto, Berlot, Giorgio, and Macchini, Elisabetta

Subjects
Male, Fever, Heart disease, medicine.medical_treatment, Coma/etiology, Hypothermia, Kaplan-Meier Estimate, Targeted temperature management, GUIDELINES, Out of hospital cardiac arrest, Body Temperature, law.invention, TARGETED TEMPERATURE MANAGEMENT, Randomized controlled trial, Hypothermia, Induced, law, AMERICAN-HEART-ASSOCIATION, EUROPEAN RESUSCITATION COUNCIL, medicine, Humans, Single-Blind Method, Cardiopulmonary resuscitation, Coma, 610 Medicine & health, Aged, Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation, Female, Middle Aged, Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest, Treatment Outcome, business.industry, Induced, General Medicine, medicine.disease, Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest/complications, Fever/etiology, Clinical research, Hypothermia, Induced/adverse effects, CARDIOPULMONARY-RESUSCITATION, Anesthesia, Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation/methods, medicine.symptom, business, Human
Abstract

Hypothermia or Normothermia after Cardiac ArrestThis trial randomly assigned patients with coma after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest to undergo targeted hypothermia at 33 degrees C or normothermia with treatment of fever. At 6 months, there were no significant between-group differences regarding death or functional outcomes.BackgroundTargeted temperature management is recommended for patients after cardiac arrest, but the supporting evidence is of low certainty.MethodsIn an open-label trial with blinded assessment of outcomes, we randomly assigned 1900 adults with coma who had had an out-of-hospital cardiac arrest of presumed cardiac or unknown cause to undergo targeted hypothermia at 33 degrees C, followed by controlled rewarming, or targeted normothermia with early treatment of fever (body temperature, >= 37.8 degrees C). The primary outcome was death from any cause at 6 months. Secondary outcomes included functional outcome at 6 months as assessed with the modified Rankin scale. Prespecified subgroups were defined according to sex, age, initial cardiac rhythm, time to return of spontaneous circulation, and presence or absence of shock on admission. Prespecified adverse events were pneumonia, sepsis, bleeding, arrhythmia resulting in hemodynamic compromise, and skin complications related to the temperature management device.ResultsA total of 1850 patients were evaluated for the primary outcome. At 6 months, 465 of 925 patients (50%) in the hypothermia group had died, as compared with 446 of 925 (48%) in the normothermia group (relative risk with hypothermia, 1.04; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.94 to 1.14; P=0.37). Of the 1747 patients in whom the functional outcome was assessed, 488 of 881 (55%) in the hypothermia group had moderately severe disability or worse (modified Rankin scale score >= 4), as compared with 479 of 866 (55%) in the normothermia group (relative risk with hypothermia, 1.00; 95% CI, 0.92 to 1.09). Outcomes were consistent in the prespecified subgroups. Arrhythmia resulting in hemodynamic compromise was more common in the hypothermia group than in the normothermia group (24% vs. 17%, PConclusionsIn patients with coma after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, targeted hypothermia did not lead to a lower incidence of death by 6 months than targeted normothermia. (Funded by the Swedish Research Council and others; TTM2 ClinicalTrials.gov number, .)

Published
2021
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9. Report Generation for Postvisit Summaries in Museum Environments

Author

Callaway, C., Not, E., Stock, O., Gabbay, Dov M., editor, Siekmann, Jörg, editor, Bundy, A., editor, Carbonell, J. G., editor, Pinkal, M., editor, Uszkoreit, H., editor, Veloso, M., editor, Wahlster, W., editor, Wooldridge, M. J., editor, Aiello, Luigia Carlucci, editor, Baader, Franz, editor, Bibel, Wolfgang, editor, Bolc, Leonard, editor, Boutilier, Craig, editor, Brachman, Ron, editor, Buchanan, Bruce G., editor, Cohn, Anthony, editor, Garcez, Artur d’Avila, editor, Cerro, Luis Fariñas del, editor, Furukawa, Koichi, editor, Gottlob, Georg, editor, Hayes, Patrick J., editor, Hendler, James A., editor, Jameson, Anthony, editor, Jennings, Nick, editor, Joshi, Aravind K., editor, Kamp, Hans, editor, Kay, Martin, editor, Kitano, Hiroaki, editor, Kowalski, Robert, editor, Kraus, Sarit, editor, Lenzerini, Maurizio, editor, Levesque, Hector, editor, Lloyd, John, editor, Mackworth, Alan, editor, Maybury, Mark, editor, Mitchell, Tom, editor, Moore, Johanna D., editor, Muggleton, Stephen H., editor, Nebel, Bernhard, editor, Oviatt, Sharon, editor, Pereira, Luis, editor, Ruqian, Lu, editor, Russell, Stuart, editor, Sandewall, Erik, editor, Steels, Luc, editor, Stock, Oliviero, editor, Stone, Peter, editor, Strube, Gerhard, editor, Sycara, Katia, editor, Tambe, Milind, editor, Tanaka, Hidehiko, editor, Thrun, Sebastian, editor, Tsujii, Junichi, editor, VanLehn, Kurt, editor, Voronkov, Andrei, editor, Walsh, Toby, editor, Webber, Bonnie, editor, and Zancanaro, Massimo, editor

Published
2007
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10. Cinematographic Techniques for Automatic Documentary-like Presentations

Author

Not, E., Callaway, C., Rocchi, C., Stock, O., Zancanaro, M., Gabbay, Dov M., editor, Siekmann, Jörg, editor, Bundy, A., editor, Carbonell, J. G., editor, Pinkal, M., editor, Uszkoreit, H., editor, Veloso, M., editor, Wahlster, W., editor, Wooldridge, M. J., editor, Aiello, Luigia Carlucci, editor, Baader, Franz, editor, Bibel, Wolfgang, editor, Bolc, Leonard, editor, Boutilier, Craig, editor, Brachman, Ron, editor, Buchanan, Bruce G., editor, Cohn, Anthony, editor, Garcez, Artur d’Avila, editor, Cerro, Luis Fariñas del, editor, Furukawa, Koichi, editor, Gottlob, Georg, editor, Hayes, Patrick J., editor, Hendler, James A., editor, Jameson, Anthony, editor, Jennings, Nick, editor, Joshi, Aravind K., editor, Kamp, Hans, editor, Kay, Martin, editor, Kitano, Hiroaki, editor, Kowalski, Robert, editor, Kraus, Sarit, editor, Lenzerini, Maurizio, editor, Levesque, Hector, editor, Lloyd, John, editor, Mackworth, Alan, editor, Maybury, Mark, editor, Mitchell, Tom, editor, Moore, Johanna D., editor, Muggleton, Stephen H., editor, Nebel, Bernhard, editor, Oviatt, Sharon, editor, Pereira, Luis, editor, Ruqian, Lu, editor, Russell, Stuart, editor, Sandewall, Erik, editor, Steels, Luc, editor, Stock, Oliviero, editor, Stone, Peter, editor, Strube, Gerhard, editor, Sycara, Katia, editor, Tambe, Milind, editor, Tanaka, Hidehiko, editor, Thrun, Sebastian, editor, Tsujii, Junichi, editor, VanLehn, Kurt, editor, Voronkov, Andrei, editor, Walsh, Toby, editor, Webber, Bonnie, editor, and Zancanaro, Massimo, editor

Published
2007
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11. 2022 International Consensus on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care Science with Treatment Recommendations: Summary from the Basic Life Support; Advanced Life Support; Pediatric Life Support; Neonatal Life Support; Education, Implementation, and Teams; And First Aid Task Forces

Author

Wyckoff, M. H., Greif, R., Morley, P. T., Ng, K. -C., Olasveengen, T. M., Singletary, E. M., Soar, J., Cheng, A., Drennan, I. R., Liley, H. G., Scholefield, B. R., Smyth, M. A., Welsford, M., Zideman, D. A., Acworth, J., Aickin, R., Andersen, L. W., Atkins, D., Berry, D. C., Bhanji, F., Bierens, J., Borra, V., Bottiger, B. W., Bradley, R. N., Bray, J. E., Breckwoldt, J., Callaway, C. W., Carlson, J. N., Cassan, P., Castren, M., Chang, W. -T., Charlton, N. P., Chung, S. P., Considine, J., Costa-Nobre, D. T., Couper, K., Couto, T. B., Dainty, K. N., Davis, P. G., De Almeida, M. F., De Caen, A. R., Deakin, C. D., Djarv, T., Donnino, M. W., Douma, M. J., Duff, J. P., Dunne, C. L., Eastwood, K., El-Naggar, W., Fabres, J. G., Fawke, J., Finn, J., Foglia, E. E., Folke, F., Gilfoyle, E., Goolsby, C. A., Granfeldt, A., Guerguerian, A. -M., Guinsburg, R., Hirsch, K. G., Holmberg, M. J., Hosono, S., Hsieh, M. -J., Hsu, C. H., Ikeyama, T., Isayama, T., Johnson, N. J., Kapadia, V. S., Kawakami, M. D., Kim, H. -S., Kleinman, M., Kloeck, D. A., Kudenchuk, P. J., Lagina, A. T., Lauridsen, K. G., Lavonas, E. J., Lee, H. C., Lin, Y. (., Lockey, A. S., Maconochie, I. K., Madar, R. J., Malta Hansen, C., Masterson, S., Matsuyama, T., Mckinlay, C. J. D., Meyran, D., Morgan, P., Morrison, L. J., Nadkarni, V., Nakwa, F. L., Nation, K. J., Nehme, Z., Nemeth, M., Neumar, R. W., Nicholson, T., Nikolaou, N., Nishiyama, C., Norii, T., Nuthall, G. A., O'Neill, B. J., Ong, Y. -K. G., Orkin, A. M., Paiva, E. F., Parr, M. J., Patocka, C., Pellegrino, J. L., Perkins, G. D., Perlman, J. M., Rabi, Y., Reis, A. G., Reynolds, J. C., Ristagno, G., Rodriguez-Nunez, A., Roehr, C. C., Rudiger, M., Sakamoto, T., Sandroni, Claudio, Sawyer, T. L., Schexnayder, S. M., Schmolzer, G. M., Schnaubelt, S., Semeraro, F., Skrifvars, M. B., Smith, C. M., Sugiura, T., Tijssen, J. A., Trevisanuto, D., Van De Voorde, P., Wang, T. -L., Weiner, G. M., Wyllie, J. P., Yang, C. -W., Yeung, J., Nolan, J. P., Berg, K. M., Burdick, M. C., Cartledge, S., Dawson, J. A., Elgohary, M. M., Ersdal, H. L., Finan, E., Flaatten, H. I., Flores, G. E., Fuerch, J., Garg, R., Gately, C., Goh, M., Halamek, L. P., Handley, A. J., Hatanaka, T., Hoover, A., Issa, M., Johnson, S., Kamlin, C. O., Ko, Y. -C., Kule, A., Leone, T. A., Mackenzie, E., Macneil, F., Montgomery, W., O'Dochartaigh, D., Ohshimo, S., Palazzo, F. S., Picard, C., Quek, B. H., Raitt, J., Ramaswamy, V. V., Scapigliati, Andrea, Shah, B. A., Stewart, C., Strand, M. L., Szyld, E., Thio, M., Topjian, A. A., Udaeta, E., Vaillancourt, C., Wetsch, W. A., Wigginton, J., Yamada, N. K., Yao, S., Zace, D., Zelop, C. M., Sandroni C. (ORCID:0000-0002-8878-2611), Scapigliati A. (ORCID:0000-0002-4044-2343), Wyckoff, M. H., Greif, R., Morley, P. T., Ng, K. -C., Olasveengen, T. M., Singletary, E. M., Soar, J., Cheng, A., Drennan, I. R., Liley, H. G., Scholefield, B. R., Smyth, M. A., Welsford, M., Zideman, D. A., Acworth, J., Aickin, R., Andersen, L. W., Atkins, D., Berry, D. C., Bhanji, F., Bierens, J., Borra, V., Bottiger, B. W., Bradley, R. N., Bray, J. E., Breckwoldt, J., Callaway, C. W., Carlson, J. N., Cassan, P., Castren, M., Chang, W. -T., Charlton, N. P., Chung, S. P., Considine, J., Costa-Nobre, D. T., Couper, K., Couto, T. B., Dainty, K. N., Davis, P. G., De Almeida, M. F., De Caen, A. R., Deakin, C. D., Djarv, T., Donnino, M. W., Douma, M. J., Duff, J. P., Dunne, C. L., Eastwood, K., El-Naggar, W., Fabres, J. G., Fawke, J., Finn, J., Foglia, E. E., Folke, F., Gilfoyle, E., Goolsby, C. A., Granfeldt, A., Guerguerian, A. -M., Guinsburg, R., Hirsch, K. G., Holmberg, M. J., Hosono, S., Hsieh, M. -J., Hsu, C. H., Ikeyama, T., Isayama, T., Johnson, N. J., Kapadia, V. S., Kawakami, M. D., Kim, H. -S., Kleinman, M., Kloeck, D. A., Kudenchuk, P. J., Lagina, A. T., Lauridsen, K. G., Lavonas, E. J., Lee, H. C., Lin, Y. (., Lockey, A. S., Maconochie, I. K., Madar, R. J., Malta Hansen, C., Masterson, S., Matsuyama, T., Mckinlay, C. J. D., Meyran, D., Morgan, P., Morrison, L. J., Nadkarni, V., Nakwa, F. L., Nation, K. J., Nehme, Z., Nemeth, M., Neumar, R. W., Nicholson, T., Nikolaou, N., Nishiyama, C., Norii, T., Nuthall, G. A., O'Neill, B. J., Ong, Y. -K. G., Orkin, A. M., Paiva, E. F., Parr, M. J., Patocka, C., Pellegrino, J. L., Perkins, G. D., Perlman, J. M., Rabi, Y., Reis, A. G., Reynolds, J. C., Ristagno, G., Rodriguez-Nunez, A., Roehr, C. C., Rudiger, M., Sakamoto, T., Sandroni, Claudio, Sawyer, T. L., Schexnayder, S. M., Schmolzer, G. M., Schnaubelt, S., Semeraro, F., Skrifvars, M. B., Smith, C. M., Sugiura, T., Tijssen, J. A., Trevisanuto, D., Van De Voorde, P., Wang, T. -L., Weiner, G. M., Wyllie, J. P., Yang, C. -W., Yeung, J., Nolan, J. P., Berg, K. M., Burdick, M. C., Cartledge, S., Dawson, J. A., Elgohary, M. M., Ersdal, H. L., Finan, E., Flaatten, H. I., Flores, G. E., Fuerch, J., Garg, R., Gately, C., Goh, M., Halamek, L. P., Handley, A. J., Hatanaka, T., Hoover, A., Issa, M., Johnson, S., Kamlin, C. O., Ko, Y. -C., Kule, A., Leone, T. A., Mackenzie, E., Macneil, F., Montgomery, W., O'Dochartaigh, D., Ohshimo, S., Palazzo, F. S., Picard, C., Quek, B. H., Raitt, J., Ramaswamy, V. V., Scapigliati, Andrea, Shah, B. A., Stewart, C., Strand, M. L., Szyld, E., Thio, M., Topjian, A. A., Udaeta, E., Vaillancourt, C., Wetsch, W. A., Wigginton, J., Yamada, N. K., Yao, S., Zace, D., Zelop, C. M., Sandroni C. (ORCID:0000-0002-8878-2611), and Scapigliati A. (ORCID:0000-0002-4044-2343)

Abstract

This is the sixth annual summary of the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation International Consensus on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care Science With Treatment Recommendations. This summary addresses the most recently published resuscitation evidence reviewed by International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation Task Force science experts. Topics covered by systematic reviews include cardiopulmonary resuscitation during transport; approach to resuscitation after drowning; passive ventilation; minimizing pauses during cardiopulmonary resuscitation; temperature management after cardiac arrest; use of diagnostic point-of-care ultrasound during cardiac arrest; use of vasopressin and corticosteroids during cardiac arrest; coronary angiography after cardiac arrest; public-access defibrillation devices for children; pediatric early warning systems; maintaining normal temperature immediately after birth; suctioning of amniotic fluid at birth; tactile stimulation for resuscitation immediately after birth; use of continuous positive airway pressure for respiratory distress at term birth; respiratory and heart rate monitoring in the delivery room; supraglottic airway use in neonates; prearrest prediction of in-hospital cardiac arrest mortality; basic life support training for likely rescuers of high-risk populations; effect of resuscitation team training; blended learning for life support training; training and recertification for resuscitation instructors; and recovery position for maintenance of breathing and prevention of cardiac arrest. Members from 6 task forces have assessed, discussed, and debated the quality of the evidence using Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation criteria and generated consensus treatment recommendations. Insights into the deliberations of the task forces are provided in the Justification and Evidence-to-Decision Framework Highlights sections, and priority knowledge gaps for futu

Published
2022

15. Hypothermia versus Normothermia after Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest

Author

Dankiewicz, J, Cronberg, T, Lilja, G, Jakobsen, JC, Levin, H, Ullen, S, Rylander, C, Wise, MP, Oddo, M, Cariou, A, Belohlavek, J, Hovdenes, J, Saxena, M, Kirkegaard, H, Young, PJ, Pelosi, P, Storm, C, Taccone, FS, Joannidis, M, Callaway, C, Eastwood, GM, Morgan, MPG, Nordberg, P, Erlinge, D, Nichol, AD, Chew, MS, Hollenberg, J, Thomas, M, Bewley, J, Sweet, K, Grejs, AM, Christensen, S, Haenggi, M, Levis, A, Lundin, A, During, J, Schmidbauer, S, Keeble, TR, Karamasis, GV, Schrag, C, Faessler, E, Smid, O, Otahal, M, Maggiorini, M, Wendel Garcia, PD, Jaubert, P, Cole, JM, Solar, M, Borgquist, O, Leithner, C, Abed-Maillard, S, Navarra, L, Annborn, M, Unden, J, Brunetti, I, Awad, A, McGuigan, P, Bjorkholt Olsen, R, Cassina, T, Vignon, P, Langeland, H, Lange, T, Friberg, H, Nielsen, N, Dankiewicz, J, Cronberg, T, Lilja, G, Jakobsen, JC, Levin, H, Ullen, S, Rylander, C, Wise, MP, Oddo, M, Cariou, A, Belohlavek, J, Hovdenes, J, Saxena, M, Kirkegaard, H, Young, PJ, Pelosi, P, Storm, C, Taccone, FS, Joannidis, M, Callaway, C, Eastwood, GM, Morgan, MPG, Nordberg, P, Erlinge, D, Nichol, AD, Chew, MS, Hollenberg, J, Thomas, M, Bewley, J, Sweet, K, Grejs, AM, Christensen, S, Haenggi, M, Levis, A, Lundin, A, During, J, Schmidbauer, S, Keeble, TR, Karamasis, GV, Schrag, C, Faessler, E, Smid, O, Otahal, M, Maggiorini, M, Wendel Garcia, PD, Jaubert, P, Cole, JM, Solar, M, Borgquist, O, Leithner, C, Abed-Maillard, S, Navarra, L, Annborn, M, Unden, J, Brunetti, I, Awad, A, McGuigan, P, Bjorkholt Olsen, R, Cassina, T, Vignon, P, Langeland, H, Lange, T, Friberg, H, and Nielsen, N

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Targeted temperature management is recommended for patients after cardiac arrest, but the supporting evidence is of low certainty. METHODS: In an open-label trial with blinded assessment of outcomes, we randomly assigned 1900 adults with coma who had had an out-of-hospital cardiac arrest of presumed cardiac or unknown cause to undergo targeted hypothermia at 33°C, followed by controlled rewarming, or targeted normothermia with early treatment of fever (body temperature, ≥37.8°C). The primary outcome was death from any cause at 6 months. Secondary outcomes included functional outcome at 6 months as assessed with the modified Rankin scale. Prespecified subgroups were defined according to sex, age, initial cardiac rhythm, time to return of spontaneous circulation, and presence or absence of shock on admission. Prespecified adverse events were pneumonia, sepsis, bleeding, arrhythmia resulting in hemodynamic compromise, and skin complications related to the temperature management device. RESULTS: A total of 1850 patients were evaluated for the primary outcome. At 6 months, 465 of 925 patients (50%) in the hypothermia group had died, as compared with 446 of 925 (48%) in the normothermia group (relative risk with hypothermia, 1.04; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.94 to 1.14; P = 0.37). Of the 1747 patients in whom the functional outcome was assessed, 488 of 881 (55%) in the hypothermia group had moderately severe disability or worse (modified Rankin scale score ≥4), as compared with 479 of 866 (55%) in the normothermia group (relative risk with hypothermia, 1.00; 95% CI, 0.92 to 1.09). Outcomes were consistent in the prespecified subgroups. Arrhythmia resulting in hemodynamic compromise was more common in the hypothermia group than in the normothermia group (24% vs. 17%, P<0.001). The incidence of other adverse events did not differ significantly between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: In patients with coma after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, targeted hypothermi

Published
2021

17. Targeted hypothermia versus targeted normothermia after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: a statistical analysis plan.

Author

Jakobsen, JC, Dankiewicz, J, Lange, T, Cronberg, T, Lilja, G, Levin, H, Bělohlávek, J, Callaway, C, Cariou, A, Erlinge, D, Hovdenes, J, Joannidis, M, Nordberg, P, Oddo, M, Pelosi, P, Kirkegaard, H, Eastwood, G, Rylander, C, Saxena, M, Storm, C, Taccone, FS, Wise, MP, Morgan, MPG, Young, P, Nichol, A, Friberg, H, Ullén, S, Nielsen, N, Jakobsen, JC, Dankiewicz, J, Lange, T, Cronberg, T, Lilja, G, Levin, H, Bělohlávek, J, Callaway, C, Cariou, A, Erlinge, D, Hovdenes, J, Joannidis, M, Nordberg, P, Oddo, M, Pelosi, P, Kirkegaard, H, Eastwood, G, Rylander, C, Saxena, M, Storm, C, Taccone, FS, Wise, MP, Morgan, MPG, Young, P, Nichol, A, Friberg, H, Ullén, S, and Nielsen, N

Abstract

BACKGROUND: To date, targeted temperature management (TTM) is the only neuroprotective intervention after resuscitation from cardiac arrest that is recommended by guidelines. The evidence on the effects of TTM is unclear. METHODS/DESIGN: The Targeted Hypothermia Versus Targeted Normothermia After Out-of-hospital Cardiac Arrest (TTM2) trial is an international, multicentre, parallel group, investigator-initiated, randomised, superiority trial in which TTM with a target temperature of 33 °C after cardiac arrest will be compared with a strategy to maintain normothermia and active treatment of fever (≥ 37.8 °C). Prognosticators, outcome assessors, the steering group, the trial coordinating team, and trial statisticians will be blinded to treatment allocation. The primary outcome will be all-cause mortality at 180 days after randomisation. We estimate a 55% mortality in the targeted normothermia group. To detect an absolute risk reduction of 7.5% with an alpha of 0.05 and 90% power, 1900 participants will be enrolled. The secondary neurological outcome will be poor functional outcome (modified Rankin scale 4-6) at 180 days after cardiac arrest. In this paper, a detailed statistical analysis plan is presented, including a comprehensive description of the statistical analyses, handling of missing data, and assessments of underlying statistical assumptions. Final analyses will be conducted independently by two qualified statisticians following the present plan. DISCUSSION: This SAP, which was prepared before completion of enrolment, should increase the validity of the TTM trial by mitigation of analysis-bias.

Published
2020

18. Adult Advanced Life Support: 2020 International Consensus on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care Science With Treatment Recommendations

Author

Berg, K. M., Soar, J., Andersen, L. W., Bottiger, B. W., Cacciola, S., Callaway, C. W., Couper, K., Cronberg, T., D'Arrigo, S., Deakin, C. D., Donnino, M. W., Drennan, I. R., Granfeldt, A., Hoedemaekers, C. W. E., Holmberg, M. J., Hsu, C. H., Kamps, M., Musiol, S., Nation, K. J., Neumar, R. W., Nicholson, T., O'Neil, B. J., Otto, Q., de Paiva, E. F., Parr, M. J. A., Reynolds, J. C., Sandroni, C., Scholefield, B. R., Skrifvars, M. B., Wang, T. -L., Wetsch, W. A., Yeung, J., Morley, P. T., Morrison, L. J., Welsford, M., Hazinski, M. F., Nolan, J. P., Cacciola S., D'Arrigo S. (ORCID:0000-0001-6740-3195), Sandroni C. (ORCID:0000-0002-8878-2611), Berg, K. M., Soar, J., Andersen, L. W., Bottiger, B. W., Cacciola, S., Callaway, C. W., Couper, K., Cronberg, T., D'Arrigo, S., Deakin, C. D., Donnino, M. W., Drennan, I. R., Granfeldt, A., Hoedemaekers, C. W. E., Holmberg, M. J., Hsu, C. H., Kamps, M., Musiol, S., Nation, K. J., Neumar, R. W., Nicholson, T., O'Neil, B. J., Otto, Q., de Paiva, E. F., Parr, M. J. A., Reynolds, J. C., Sandroni, C., Scholefield, B. R., Skrifvars, M. B., Wang, T. -L., Wetsch, W. A., Yeung, J., Morley, P. T., Morrison, L. J., Welsford, M., Hazinski, M. F., Nolan, J. P., Cacciola S., D'Arrigo S. (ORCID:0000-0001-6740-3195), and Sandroni C. (ORCID:0000-0002-8878-2611)

Abstract

This 2020 International Consensus on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care Science With Treatment Recommendations for advanced life support includes updates on multiple advanced life support topics addressed with 3 different types of reviews. Topics were prioritized on the basis of both recent interest within the resuscitation community and the amount of new evidence available since any previous review. Systematic reviews addressed higher-priority topics, and included double-sequential defibrillation, intravenous versus intraosseous route for drug administration during cardiac arrest, point-of-care echocardiography for intra-arrest prognostication, cardiac arrest caused by pulmonary embolism, postresuscitation oxygenation and ventilation, prophylactic antibiotics after resuscitation, postresuscitation seizure prophylaxis and treatment, and neuroprognostication. New or updated treatment recommendations on these topics are presented. Scoping reviews were conducted for anticipatory charging and monitoring of physiological parameters during cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Topics for which systematic reviews and new Consensuses on Science With Treatment Recommendations were completed since 2015 are also summarized here. All remaining topics reviewed were addressed with evidence updates to identify any new evidence and to help determine which topics should be the highest priority for systematic reviews in the next 1 to 2 years.

Published
2020

23. Cardiac Arrest and Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Outcome Reports: Update of the Utstein Resuscitation Registry Template for In-Hospital Cardiac Arrest: A Consensus Report From a Task Force of the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation (American Heart Association, European Resuscitation Council, Australian and New Zealand Council on Resuscitation, Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada, InterAmerican Heart Foundation, Resuscitation Council of Southern Africa, Resuscitation Council of Asia)

Author

Nolan, J. P., Berg, R. A., Andersen, L. W., Bhanji, F., Chan, P. S., Donnino, M. W., Lim, S. H., M. H. -M., Ma, Nadkarni, V. M., Starks, M. A., Perkins, G. D., Morley, P. T., Soar, J., Aickin, R., Atkins, D. L., Berg, K. M., Bingham, R., Bottiger, B. W., Brooks, S. C., Callaway, C. W., Castren, M., Chung, S. P., Considine, J., Couto, T. B., de Caen, A. R., Deakin, C. D., Drennan, I. R., Escalante, R., Gazmuri, R. J., Guerguerian, A. -M., Hazinski, M. F., Kudenchuk, P. J., Lofgren, B., Maconochie, I., Mancini, M. E., Meaney, P. A., Neumar, R. W., K. -C., Ng, Nicholson, T. C., Nishiyama, C., Nuthall, G. A., Olasveengen, T. M., Paiva, E. F., Parr, M. J., Reis, A. G., Reynolds, J. C., Ristagno, G., Sandroni, Claudio, Schexnayder, S. M., Scholefield, B. R., Smyth, M. A., Stanton, D., Tijssen, J. A., Vaillancourt, C., Van de Voorde, P., Wang, T. -L., and Welsford, M.

Subjects
AHA Scientific Statements, sudden, cardiac, death, Settore MED/41 - ANESTESIOLOGIA, cardiac arrest, cardiopulmonary resuscitation, death, sudden, cardiac, in-hospital cardiac arrest
Published
2019

24. 2019 International Consensus on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care Science with Treatment Recommendations: Summary from the Basic Life Support; Advanced Life Support; Pediatric Life Support; Neonatal Life Support; Education, Implementation, and Teams; And First Aid Task Forces

Author

Soar, J., Maconochie, I., Wyckoff, M. H., Olasveengen, T. M., Singletary, E. M., Greif, R., Aickin, R., Bhanji, F., Donnino, M. W., Mancini, M. E., Wyllie, J. P., Zideman, D., Andersen, L. W., Atkins, D. L., Aziz, K., Bendall, J., Berg, K. M., Berry, D. C., Bigham, B. L., Bingham, R., Couto, T. B., Bottiger, B. W., Borra, V., Bray, J. E., Breckwoldt, J., Brooks, S. C., Buick, J., Callaway, C. W., Carlson, J. N., Cassan, P., Castren, M., Chang, W. -T., Charlton, N. P., Cheng, A., Chung, S. P., Considine, J., Couper, K., Dainty, K. N., Dawson, J. A., De Almeida, M. F., De Caen, A. R., Deakin, C. D., Drennan, I. R., Duff, J. P., Epstein, J. L., Escalante, R., Gazmuri, R. J., Gilfoyle, E., Granfeldt, A., Guerguerian, A. -M., Guinsburg, R., Hatanaka, T., Holmberg, M. J., Hood, N., Hosono, S., Hsieh, M. -J., Isayama, T., Iwami, T., Jensen, J. L., Kapadia, V., Kim, H. -S., Kleinman, M. E., Kudenchuk, P. J., Lang, E., Lavonas, E., Liley, H., Lim, S. H., Lockey, A., Lofgren, B., Ma, M. H. -M., Markenson, D., Meaney, P. A., Meyran, D., Mildenhall, L., Monsieurs, K. G., Montgomery, W., Morley, P. T., Morrison, L. J., Nadkarni, V. M., Nation, K., Neumar, R. W., Ng, K. -C., Nicholson, T., Nikolaou, N., Nishiyama, C., Nuthall, G., Ohshimo, S., Okamoto, D., O'Neil, B., Yong-Kwang Ong, G., Paiva, E. F., Parr, M., Pellegrino, J. L., Perkins, G. D., Perlman, J., Rabi, Y., Reis, A., Reynolds, J. C., Ristagno, G., Roehr, C. C., Sakamoto, T., Sandroni, Claudio, Schexnayder, S. M., Scholefield, B. R., Shimizu, N., Skrifvars, M. B., Smyth, M. A., Stanton, D., Swain, J., Szyld, E., Tijssen, J., Travers, A., Trevisanuto, D., Vaillancourt, C., Van De Voorde, P., Velaphi, S., Wang, T. -L., Weiner, G., Welsford, M., Woodin, J. A., Yeung, J., Nolan, J. P., Fran Hazinski, M., Sandroni C. (ORCID:0000-0002-8878-2611), Soar, J., Maconochie, I., Wyckoff, M. H., Olasveengen, T. M., Singletary, E. M., Greif, R., Aickin, R., Bhanji, F., Donnino, M. W., Mancini, M. E., Wyllie, J. P., Zideman, D., Andersen, L. W., Atkins, D. L., Aziz, K., Bendall, J., Berg, K. M., Berry, D. C., Bigham, B. L., Bingham, R., Couto, T. B., Bottiger, B. W., Borra, V., Bray, J. E., Breckwoldt, J., Brooks, S. C., Buick, J., Callaway, C. W., Carlson, J. N., Cassan, P., Castren, M., Chang, W. -T., Charlton, N. P., Cheng, A., Chung, S. P., Considine, J., Couper, K., Dainty, K. N., Dawson, J. A., De Almeida, M. F., De Caen, A. R., Deakin, C. D., Drennan, I. R., Duff, J. P., Epstein, J. L., Escalante, R., Gazmuri, R. J., Gilfoyle, E., Granfeldt, A., Guerguerian, A. -M., Guinsburg, R., Hatanaka, T., Holmberg, M. J., Hood, N., Hosono, S., Hsieh, M. -J., Isayama, T., Iwami, T., Jensen, J. L., Kapadia, V., Kim, H. -S., Kleinman, M. E., Kudenchuk, P. J., Lang, E., Lavonas, E., Liley, H., Lim, S. H., Lockey, A., Lofgren, B., Ma, M. H. -M., Markenson, D., Meaney, P. A., Meyran, D., Mildenhall, L., Monsieurs, K. G., Montgomery, W., Morley, P. T., Morrison, L. J., Nadkarni, V. M., Nation, K., Neumar, R. W., Ng, K. -C., Nicholson, T., Nikolaou, N., Nishiyama, C., Nuthall, G., Ohshimo, S., Okamoto, D., O'Neil, B., Yong-Kwang Ong, G., Paiva, E. F., Parr, M., Pellegrino, J. L., Perkins, G. D., Perlman, J., Rabi, Y., Reis, A., Reynolds, J. C., Ristagno, G., Roehr, C. C., Sakamoto, T., Sandroni, Claudio, Schexnayder, S. M., Scholefield, B. R., Shimizu, N., Skrifvars, M. B., Smyth, M. A., Stanton, D., Swain, J., Szyld, E., Tijssen, J., Travers, A., Trevisanuto, D., Vaillancourt, C., Van De Voorde, P., Velaphi, S., Wang, T. -L., Weiner, G., Welsford, M., Woodin, J. A., Yeung, J., Nolan, J. P., Fran Hazinski, M., and Sandroni C. (ORCID:0000-0002-8878-2611)

Abstract

The International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation has initiated a continuous review of new, peer-reviewed, published cardiopulmonary resuscitation science. This is the third annual summary of the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation International Consensus on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care Science With Treatment Recommendations. It addresses the most recent published resuscitation evidence reviewed by International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation Task Force science experts. This summary addresses the role of cardiac arrest centers and dispatcher-assisted cardiopulmonary resuscitation, the role of extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation in adults and children, vasopressors in adults, advanced airway interventions in adults and children, targeted temperature management in children after cardiac arrest, initial oxygen concentration during resuscitation of newborns, and interventions for presyncope by first aid providers. Members from 6 International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation task forces have assessed, discussed, and debated the certainty of the evidence on the basis of the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation criteria, and their statements include consensus treatment recommendations. Insights into the deliberations of the task forces are provided in the Justification and Evidence to Decision Framework Highlights sections. The task forces also listed priority knowledge gaps for further research.

Published
2019

25. Standards for Studies of Neurological Prognostication in Comatose Survivors of Cardiac Arrest: A Scientific Statement from the American Heart Association

Author

Geocadin, R. G., Callaway, C. W., Fink, E. L., Golan, E., Greer, D. M., Ko, N. U., Lang, E., Licht, D. J., Marino, B. S., Mcnair, N. D., Peberdy, M. A., Perman, S. M., Sims, D. B., Soar, J., Sandroni, Claudio, Sandroni C. (ORCID:0000-0002-8878-2611), Geocadin, R. G., Callaway, C. W., Fink, E. L., Golan, E., Greer, D. M., Ko, N. U., Lang, E., Licht, D. J., Marino, B. S., Mcnair, N. D., Peberdy, M. A., Perman, S. M., Sims, D. B., Soar, J., Sandroni, Claudio, and Sandroni C. (ORCID:0000-0002-8878-2611)

Abstract

Significant improvements have been achieved in cardiac arrest resuscitation and postarrest resuscitation care, but mortality remains high. Most of the poor outcomes and deaths of cardiac arrest survivors have been attributed to widespread brain injury. This brain injury, commonly manifested as a comatose state, is a marker of poor outcome and a major basis for unfavorable neurological prognostication. Accurate prognostication is important to avoid pursuing futile treatments when poor outcome is inevitable but also to avoid an inappropriate withdrawal of life-sustaining treatment in patients who may otherwise have a chance of achieving meaningful neurological recovery. Inaccurate neurological prognostication leading to withdrawal of life-sustaining treatment and deaths may significantly bias clinical studies, leading to failure in detecting the true study outcomes. The American Heart Association Emergency Cardiovascular Care Science Subcommittee organized a writing group composed of adult and pediatric experts from neurology, cardiology, emergency medicine, intensive care medicine, and nursing to review existing neurological prognostication studies, the practice of neurological prognostication, and withdrawal of life-sustaining treatment. The writing group determined that the overall quality of existing neurological prognostication studies is low. As a consequence, the degree of confidence in the predictors and the subsequent outcomes is also low. Therefore, the writing group suggests that neurological prognostication parameters need to be approached as index tests based on relevant neurological functions that are directly related to the functional outcome and contribute to the quality of life of cardiac arrest survivors. Suggestions to improve the quality of adult and pediatric neurological prognostication studies are provided.

Published
2019

26. 2019 International Consensus on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care Science With Treatment Recommendations

Author

Soar, J., Maconochie, I., Wyckoff, M. H., Olasveengen, T. M., Singletary, E. M., Greif, R., Aickin, R., Bhanji, F., Donnino, M. W., Mancini, M. E., Wyllie, J. P., Zideman, D., Andersen, L. W., Atkins, D. L., Aziz, K., Bendall, J., Berg, K. M., Berry, D. C., Bigham, B. L., Bingham, R., Couto, T. B., Bottiger, B. W., Borra, V., Bray, J. E., Breckwoldt, J., Brooks, S. C., Buick, J., Callaway, C. W., Carlson, J. N., Cassan, P., Castren, M., Chang, W. -T., Charlton, N. P., Cheng, A., Chung, S. P., Considine, J., Couper, K., Dainty, K. N., Dawson, J. A., de Almeida, M. F., de Caen, A. R., Deakin, C. D., Drennan, I. R., Duff, J. P., Epstein, J. L., Escalante, R., Gazmuri, R. J., Gilfoyle, E., Granfeldt, A., Guerguerian, A. -M., Guinsburg, R., Hatanaka, T., Holmberg, M. J., Hood, N., Hosono, S., Hsieh, M. -J., Isayama, T., Iwami, T., Jensen, J. L., Kapadia, V., Kim, H. -S., Kleinman, M. E., Kudenchuk, P. J., Lang, E., Lavonas, E., Liley, H., Lim, S. H., Lockey, A., Lofgren, B., Ma, M. H. -M., Markenson, D., Meaney, P. A., Meyran, D., Mildenhall, L., Monsieurs, K. G., Montgomery, W., Morley, P. T., Morrison, L. J., Nadkarni, V. M., Nation, K., Neumar, R. W., Ng, K. -C., Nicholson, T., Nikolaou, N., Nishiyama, C., Nuthall, G., Ohshimo, S., Okamoto, D., O'Neil, B., Ong, G. Y. -K., Paiva, E. F., Parr, M., Pellegrino, J. L., Perkins, G. D., Perlman, J., Rabi, Y., Reis, A., Reynolds, J. C., Ristagno, G., Roehr, C. C., Sakamoto, T., Sandroni, C., Schexnayder, S. M., Scholefield, B. R., Shimizu, N., Skrifvars, M. B., Smyth, M. A., Stanton, D., Swain, J., Szyld, E., Tijssen, J., Travers, A., Trevisanuto, D., Vaillancourt, C., Van de Voorde, P., Velaphi, S., Wang, T. -L., Weiner, G., Welsford, M., Woodin, J. A., Yeung, J., Nolan, J. P., Hazinski, M. F., Sandroni C. (ORCID:0000-0002-8878-2611), Soar, J., Maconochie, I., Wyckoff, M. H., Olasveengen, T. M., Singletary, E. M., Greif, R., Aickin, R., Bhanji, F., Donnino, M. W., Mancini, M. E., Wyllie, J. P., Zideman, D., Andersen, L. W., Atkins, D. L., Aziz, K., Bendall, J., Berg, K. M., Berry, D. C., Bigham, B. L., Bingham, R., Couto, T. B., Bottiger, B. W., Borra, V., Bray, J. E., Breckwoldt, J., Brooks, S. C., Buick, J., Callaway, C. W., Carlson, J. N., Cassan, P., Castren, M., Chang, W. -T., Charlton, N. P., Cheng, A., Chung, S. P., Considine, J., Couper, K., Dainty, K. N., Dawson, J. A., de Almeida, M. F., de Caen, A. R., Deakin, C. D., Drennan, I. R., Duff, J. P., Epstein, J. L., Escalante, R., Gazmuri, R. J., Gilfoyle, E., Granfeldt, A., Guerguerian, A. -M., Guinsburg, R., Hatanaka, T., Holmberg, M. J., Hood, N., Hosono, S., Hsieh, M. -J., Isayama, T., Iwami, T., Jensen, J. L., Kapadia, V., Kim, H. -S., Kleinman, M. E., Kudenchuk, P. J., Lang, E., Lavonas, E., Liley, H., Lim, S. H., Lockey, A., Lofgren, B., Ma, M. H. -M., Markenson, D., Meaney, P. A., Meyran, D., Mildenhall, L., Monsieurs, K. G., Montgomery, W., Morley, P. T., Morrison, L. J., Nadkarni, V. M., Nation, K., Neumar, R. W., Ng, K. -C., Nicholson, T., Nikolaou, N., Nishiyama, C., Nuthall, G., Ohshimo, S., Okamoto, D., O'Neil, B., Ong, G. Y. -K., Paiva, E. F., Parr, M., Pellegrino, J. L., Perkins, G. D., Perlman, J., Rabi, Y., Reis, A., Reynolds, J. C., Ristagno, G., Roehr, C. C., Sakamoto, T., Sandroni, C., Schexnayder, S. M., Scholefield, B. R., Shimizu, N., Skrifvars, M. B., Smyth, M. A., Stanton, D., Swain, J., Szyld, E., Tijssen, J., Travers, A., Trevisanuto, D., Vaillancourt, C., Van de Voorde, P., Velaphi, S., Wang, T. -L., Weiner, G., Welsford, M., Woodin, J. A., Yeung, J., Nolan, J. P., Hazinski, M. F., and Sandroni C. (ORCID:0000-0002-8878-2611)

Abstract

The International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation has initiated a continuous review of new, peer-reviewed, published cardiopulmonary resuscitation science. This is the third annual summary of the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation International Consensus on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care Science With Treatment Recommendations. It addresses the most recent published resuscitation evidence reviewed by International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation Task Force science experts. This summary addresses the role of cardiac arrest centers and dispatcher-assisted cardiopulmonary resuscitation, the role of extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation in adults and children, vasopressors in adults, advanced airway interventions in adults and children, targeted temperature management in children after cardiac arrest, initial oxygen concentration during resuscitation of newborns, and interventions for presyncope by first aid providers. Members from 6 International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation task forces have assessed, discussed, and debated the certainty of the evidence on the basis of the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation criteria, and their statements include consensus treatment recommendations. Insights into the deliberations of the task forces are provided in the Justification and Evidence to Decision Framework Highlights sections. The task forces also listed priority knowledge gaps for further research.

Published
2019

28. Ethical challenges in resuscitation

Author

Mentzelopoulos, S.D. Slowther, A.-M. Fritz, Z. Sandroni, C. Xanthos, T. Callaway, C. Perkins, G.D. Newgard, C. Ischaki, E. Greif, R. Kompanje, E. Bossaert, L.

Abstract

Purpose: A rapidly evolving resuscitation science provides more effective treatments to an aging population with multiple comorbidites. Concurrently, emergency care has become patient-centered. This review aims to describe challenges associated with the application of key principles of bioethics in resuscitation and post-resuscitation care; propose actions to address these challenges; and highlight the need for evidence-based ethics and consensus on ethical principles interpretation. Methods: Following agreement on the article’s outline, subgroups of 2–3 authors provided narrative reviews of ethical issues concerning autonomy and honesty, beneficence/nonmaleficence and dignity, justice, specific practices/circumstances such as family presence during resuscitation, and emergency research. Proposals for addressing ethical challenges were also offered. Results: Respect for patient autonomy can be realized through honest provision of information, shared decision-making, and advance directives/care planning. Essential prerequisites comprise public and specific healthcare professionals’ education, appropriate regulatory provisions, and allocation of adequate resources. Regarding beneficence/nonmaleficence, resuscitation should benefit patients, while avoiding harm from futile interventions; pertinent practice should be based on neurological prognostication and patient/family-reported outcomes. Regarding dignity, aggressive life-sustaining treatments against patients preferences should be avoided. Contrary to the principle of justice, resuscitation quality may be affected by race/income status, age, ethnicity, comorbidity, and location (urban versus rural or country-specific/region-specific). Current evidence supports family presence during resuscitation. Regarding emergency research, autonomy should be respected without hindering scientific progress; furthermore, transparency of research conduct should be promoted and funding increased. Conclusions: Major ethical challenges in resuscitation science need to be addressed through complex/resource-demanding interventions. Such actions require support by ongoing/future research. © 2018, Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature and ESICM.

Published
2018

32. ILCOR Scientific Knowledge Gaps and Clinical Research Priorities for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care A Consensus Statement

Author

Kleinman, M., Perkins, G., Bhanji, F., Billi, J., Bray, J., Callaway, C., de Caen, A., Finn, Judith, Hazinski, M., Lim, S., Maconochie, I., Morley, P., Nadkarni, V., Neumar, R., Nikolaou, N., Nolan, J., Reis, A., Sierra, A., Singletary, E., Soar, J., Stanton, D., Travers, A., Welsford, M., Zideman, D., Kleinman, M., Perkins, G., Bhanji, F., Billi, J., Bray, J., Callaway, C., de Caen, A., Finn, Judith, Hazinski, M., Lim, S., Maconochie, I., Morley, P., Nadkarni, V., Neumar, R., Nikolaou, N., Nolan, J., Reis, A., Sierra, A., Singletary, E., Soar, J., Stanton, D., Travers, A., Welsford, M., and Zideman, D.

Abstract

Despite significant advances in the field of resuscitation science, important knowledge gaps persist. Current guidelines for resuscitation are based on the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation 2015 International Consensus on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care Science With Treatment Recommendations, which includes treatment recommendations supported by the available evidence. The writing group developed this consensus statement with the goal of focusing future research by addressing the knowledge gaps identified during and after the 2015 International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation evidence evaluation process. Key publications since the 2015 International Consensus on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care Science With Treatment Recommendations are referenced, along with known ongoing clinical trials that are likely to affect future guidelines.

Published
2018

33. A sane approach to weight loss

Author

Atkinson, Jr., Richard L., Callaway, C. Wayne, St. Jeor, Sachiko, and Wolf-Novak, Louise

Subjects
Obesity -- Demographic aspects -- Methods, Weight loss -- Methods, Health, Demographic aspects, Methods
Abstract

Obesity is a true epidemic in this country. Yet most efforts at weight loss - either do-it-yourself or with medical guidance - eventually fail. The litany of short-term weight loss [...]

Published
1995

34. Obesity: a quartet of approaches

Author

Callaway, C. Wayne, Foreyt, John P., Nuckolls, James G., and VanItallie, Theodore B.

Subjects
Obesity -- Care and treatment, Reducing diets -- Evaluation -- Methods, Weight loss -- Methods -- Care and treatment, Health, Care and treatment, Evaluation, Methods
Abstract

The study of obesity is undergoing a parad gm sh ft. As it becomes clearer that diets lead many to frustration and fatalism, experts discuss ways to make real improvements [...]

Published
1992

40. Cardiac Arrest and Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Outcome Reports: Update of the Utstein Resuscitation Registry Templates for Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest

Author

Perkins, G., Jacobs, I., Nadkarni, V., Berg, R., Bhanji, F., Biarent, D., Bossaert, L., Brett, S., Chamberlain, D., de Caen, A., Deakin, C., Finn, Judith, Gräsner, J., Hazinski, M., Iwami, T., Koster, R., Lim, S., Ma, M., McNally, B., Morley, P., Morrison, L., Monsieurs, K., Montgomery, W., Nichol, G., Okada, K., Ong, M., Travers, A., Nolan, J., Aikin, R., Böttiger, B., Callaway, C., Castren, M., Eisenberg, M., Kleinman, M., Kloeck, D., Kloeck, W., Mancini, M., Neumar, R., Ornato, J., Paiva, E., Peberdy, M., Soar, J., Rea, T., Sierra, A., Stanton, D., Zideman, D., Perkins, G., Jacobs, I., Nadkarni, V., Berg, R., Bhanji, F., Biarent, D., Bossaert, L., Brett, S., Chamberlain, D., de Caen, A., Deakin, C., Finn, Judith, Gräsner, J., Hazinski, M., Iwami, T., Koster, R., Lim, S., Ma, M., McNally, B., Morley, P., Morrison, L., Monsieurs, K., Montgomery, W., Nichol, G., Okada, K., Ong, M., Travers, A., Nolan, J., Aikin, R., Böttiger, B., Callaway, C., Castren, M., Eisenberg, M., Kleinman, M., Kloeck, D., Kloeck, W., Mancini, M., Neumar, R., Ornato, J., Paiva, E., Peberdy, M., Soar, J., Rea, T., Sierra, A., Stanton, D., and Zideman, D.

Abstract

Utstein-style guidelines contribute to improved public health internationally by providing a structured framework with which to compare emergency medical services systems. Advances in resuscitation science, new insights into important predictors of outcome from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, and lessons learned from methodological research prompted this review and update of the 2004 Utstein guidelines. Representatives of the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation developed an updated Utstein reporting framework iteratively by meeting face to face, by teleconference, and by Web survey during 2012 through 2014. Herein are recommendations for reporting out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Data elements were grouped by system factors, dispatch/recognition, patient variables, resuscitation/postresuscitation processes, and outcomes. Elements were classified as core or supplemental using a modified Delphi process primarily based on respondents' assessment of the evidence-based importance of capturing those elements, tempered by the challenges to collect them. New or modified elements reflected consensus on the need to account for emergency medical services system factors, increasing availability of automated external defibrillators, data collection processes, epidemiology trends, increasing use of dispatcher-assisted cardiopulmonary resuscitation, emerging field treatments, postresuscitation care, prognostication tools, and trends in organ recovery. A standard reporting template is recommended to promote standardized reporting. This template facilitates reporting of the bystander-witnessed, shockable rhythm as a measure of emergency medical services system efficacy and all emergency medical services system-treated arrests as a measure of system effectiveness. Several additional important subgroups are identified that enable an estimate of the specific contribution of rhythm and bystander actions that are key determinants of outcome.

Published
2015

41. Part 1: Executive summary. 2015 International Consensus on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care Science with Treatment Recommendations

Author

Nolan, J., Hazinski, M., Aickin, R., Bhanji, F., Billi, J., Callaway, C., Castren, M., de Caen, A., Ferrer, J., Finn, Judith, Gent, L., Griffin, R., Iverson, S., Lang, E., Lim, S., Maconochie, I., Montgomery, W., Morley, P., Nadkarni, V., Neumar, R., Nikolaou, N., Perkins, G., Perlman, J., Singletary, E., Soar, J., Travers, A., Welsford, M., Wyllie, J., Zideman, D., Nolan, J., Hazinski, M., Aickin, R., Bhanji, F., Billi, J., Callaway, C., Castren, M., de Caen, A., Ferrer, J., Finn, Judith, Gent, L., Griffin, R., Iverson, S., Lang, E., Lim, S., Maconochie, I., Montgomery, W., Morley, P., Nadkarni, V., Neumar, R., Nikolaou, N., Perkins, G., Perlman, J., Singletary, E., Soar, J., Travers, A., Welsford, M., Wyllie, J., and Zideman, D.

Published
2015

42. Part 1: Executive Summary 2015 International Consensus on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care Science With Treatment Recommendations

Author

Hazinski, M., Nolan, J., Aickin, R., Bhanji, F., Billi, J., Callaway, C., Castren, M., de Caen, A., Ferrer, J., Finn, Judith, Gent, L., Griffin, R., Iverson, S., Lang, E., Lim, S., Maconochie, I., Montgomery, W., Morley, P., Nadkarni, V., Neumar, R., Nikolaou, N., Perkins, G., Perlman, J., Singletary, E., Soar, J., Travers, A., Welsford, M., Wyllie, J., Zideman, D., Hazinski, M., Nolan, J., Aickin, R., Bhanji, F., Billi, J., Callaway, C., Castren, M., de Caen, A., Ferrer, J., Finn, Judith, Gent, L., Griffin, R., Iverson, S., Lang, E., Lim, S., Maconochie, I., Montgomery, W., Morley, P., Nadkarni, V., Neumar, R., Nikolaou, N., Perkins, G., Perlman, J., Singletary, E., Soar, J., Travers, A., Welsford, M., Wyllie, J., and Zideman, D.

Published
2015

46. Hospital post-resuscitative performance is associated with clinical outcomes after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest

Author

Stub, D., primary, Schmicker, R., additional, Anderson, M., additional, Callaway, C., additional, Daya, M., additional, Sayre, M., additional, Elmer, J., additional, Grunau, B., additional, Aufderheide, T., additional, Lin, S., additional, Buick, J., additional, Zive, D., additional, Peterson, E., additional, and Nichol, G., additional

Published
2015
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48. Apples to apples or apples to oranges? International variation in reporting of process and outcome of care for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest

Author

Nishiyama, C., Brown, S., May, S., Iwami, T., Koster, R., Beesems, S., Kuisma, M., Salo, A., Jacobs, Ian, Finn, Judith, Sterz, F., Nurnberger, A., Smith, K., Morrison, L., Olasveengen, T., Callaway, C., Shin, S., Grasner, J., Mohamud, D., Ma, M., Herlitz, J., Strömsöe, A., Aufderheide, T., Masterson, S., Wang, H., Christenson, J., Stiell, I., Davis, D., Huszti, E., Nichol, G., Nishiyama, C., Brown, S., May, S., Iwami, T., Koster, R., Beesems, S., Kuisma, M., Salo, A., Jacobs, Ian, Finn, Judith, Sterz, F., Nurnberger, A., Smith, K., Morrison, L., Olasveengen, T., Callaway, C., Shin, S., Grasner, J., Mohamud, D., Ma, M., Herlitz, J., Strömsöe, A., Aufderheide, T., Masterson, S., Wang, H., Christenson, J., Stiell, I., Davis, D., Huszti, E., and Nichol, G.

Abstract

Objectives: Survival after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) varies between communities, due in part to variation in the methods of measurement. The Utstein template was disseminated to standardize comparisons of risk factors, quality of care, and outcomes in patients with OHCA. We sought to assess whether OHCA registries are able to collate common data using the Utstein template. A subsequent study will assess whether the Utstein factors explain differences in survival between emergency medical services (EMS) systems. Study design: Retrospective study. Setting: This retrospective analysis of prospective cohorts included adults treated for OHCA, regardless of the etiology of arrest. Data describing the baseline characteristics of patients, and the process and outcome of their care were grouped by EMS system, de-identified, and then collated. Included were core Utstein variables and timed event data from each participating registry. This study was classified as exempt from human subjects’ research by a research ethics committee. Measurements and main results: Thirteen registries with 265 first-responding EMS agencies in 13 countries contributed data describing 125,840 cases of OHCA. Variation in inclusion criteria, definition, coding, and process of care variables were observed. Contributing registries collected 61.9% of recommended core variables and 42.9% of timed event variables. Among core variables, the proportion of missingness was mean 1.9 ± 2.2%. The proportion of unknown was mean 4.8 ± 6.4%. Among time variables, missingness was mean 9.0 ± 6.3%. Conclusions: International differences in measurement of care after OHCA persist. Greater consistency would facilitate improved resuscitation care and comparison within and between communities.

Published
2014

49. From Monologue to Dialogue: Natural Language Generation in OVIS

Author

Theune, Mariet, Freedman, R., and Callaway, C.

Subjects
InformationSystems_MODELSANDPRINCIPLES, EWI-6710, METIS-215805, IR-46687
Abstract

This paper describes how a language generation system that was originally designed for monologue generation, has been adapted for use in the OVIS spoken dialogue system. To meet the requirement that in a dialogue, the system’s utterances should make up a single, coherent dialogue turn, several modifications had to be made to the system. The paper also discusses the influence of dialogue context on information status, and its consequences for the generation of referring expressions and accentuation.

Published
2003

50. Communicating controversial issues to the public

Author

Clydesdale, Fergus M., Coble, Yank D., Jr., Levey, Gail A., Labuza, Theodore P., Leveille, Gilbert A., Speckman, Elwood W., O'Neil, Carolyn, Will, Joanne M., Vanderveen, John D., Callaway, C. Wayne, and Mermelstein, Neil H.

Subjects
Food industry -- Public relations, Nutrition, Business, Food and beverage industries
Published
1988

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