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295 results on '"Callahan, Karen"'

13. Baseline Ultrasound and Clinical Correlates in Children with Cystic Fibrosis

Author

Alonso, Estella M., Nicholas, Jennifer L., Kaurs, Elizabeth, Narkewicz, Michael R., Sokol, Ronald J., Harned, Roger, Burr, Susanna, Romero, Rene, Freeman, Jay, Alazraki, Adina, Patrick, Ellen, Hunter, Eric, Ling, Simon C., Navarro, Oscar, Ling, Julie P., Palermo, Joe J., Towbin, Alex, Ferris, Andrea, Denlinger, Julie, Molleston, Jean P., Bozic, Molly A., Subbarao, Girish, Karmazyn, Boaz, Klipsch, Ann, Paranjape, Shruti M., Karnsakul, Wikrom, Benson, Jane E., Callahan, Karen A., Kafka, Kim, Murray, Karen F., Gibson, Ron, Otto, Randolph, Genatossio, Alan, Young, Melissa, Weymann, Alexander, Siegel, Marilyn J., Harris, Kathy, Leung, Daniel H., Krishnamurthy, Rajesh, Brown, Jameisha, Schwarzenberg, Sara Jane, Stacklie, Denise, Seidel, F. Glenn, Doo, Edward, Sherker, Averell H., Hall, Sherry R., Torrance, Rebecca, Ye, Wen, Ling, Simon, Palermo, Joseph, Marshall, Bruce C., and Magee, John C.

Published
2015
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20. Impact of the Basic Education Program on Educational Spending and Equity in Tennessee.

Author

Goldhaber, Dan and Callahan, Karen

Abstract

Examines state- and district-level spending patterns in Tennessee to assess the extent to which the Basic Education Program (BEP) funding formula has affected spending in the state and spending in districts with varying characteristics, for example, poverty status of students, school district size. Suggests that BEP led to greater education spending. (Authors/PKP)

Published
2001

22. Implementing State Standards for Science Education: What District Policy Makers Make of the Hoopla.

Author

Spillane, James P. and Callahan, Karen A.

Abstract

Explores school districts' responses to state science standards and examines the ideas about science education that district policy makers construct from these standards. A cause of failing to implement state science standards, rarely examined in the literature, concerns the ways in which local implementers miss or misconstrue the intent of policy proposals. (Contains 44 references.) (Author/WRM)

Published
2000

25. Inpatient palliative care utilisation among patients with gallbladder cancer in the United States: A 10‐year perspective.

Author

Mojtahedi, Zahra, Shan, Guogen, Ghodsi, Katayoon, Callahan, Karen, Yoo, Ji W., Vanderlaan, Jennifer, Reeves, Jerry, and Shen, Jay J.

Subjects
LENGTH of stay in hospitals, OBESITY, GALLBLADDER tumors, NOSOLOGY, CONFIDENCE intervals, CROSS-sectional method, REGRESSION analysis, CANCER patients, HOSPITAL mortality, HOSPITAL care, DESCRIPTIVE statistics, DEMOGRAPHY, HOSPITAL charges, ODDS ratio, LOGISTIC regression analysis, DATA analysis software, PALLIATIVE treatment, COMORBIDITY
Abstract

Objectives: Gallbladder cancer (GBC) is a rare, poor‐prognosis cancer with unique demographics, comorbidities and a paucity of research. This study investigated inpatient palliative care and its associations with demographics, comorbidities (e.g., obesity), length of stay and hospital charges in GBC in US hospitals (2007–2016). Methods: Data were extracted from the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) database that contains deidentified clinical and nonclinical information for each hospitalisation. Inpatient palliative care utilisation was identified using the International Classification of Diseases (ICD‐9 and ICD‐10) codes (V66.7 and Z51.5). Generalised regression analysis was conducted with adjustment for variations in predictors. Results: Of the 4921 reported GBC hospitalizations, only 10.3% encountered palliative care. Palliative care was associated with reduced hospital charges by $12,405 per hospitalisation (P < 0.0001) with no change in length of stay. Palliative care utilisation increased over time (P = 0.004). It was associated with age >80 years, with more severe disease, and in‐hospital death (P < 0.0001). Obesity had a negative association with palliative care utilisation (P = 0.0029). Discussion Our novel study found that obese people were less likely to use palliative care services in GBC. Interventions are needed to increase palliative care consultation in GBC patients, particularly in obese patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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27. Metabolomic analysis and signatures in motor neuron disease

Author

Rozen, Steve, Cudkowicz, Merit E., Bogdanov, Mikhail, Matson, Wayne R., Kristal, Bruce S., Beecher, Chris, Harrison, Scott, Vouros, Paul, Flarakos, Jimmy, Vigneau-Callahan, Karen, Matson, Theodore D., Newhall, Kristyn M., Beal, M. Flint, Brown, Jr., Robert H., and Kaddurah-Daouk, Rima

Published
2005
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28. Baseline Ultrasound and Clinical Correlates in Children with Cystic Fibrosis

Author

Leung, Daniel H., Ye, Wen, Molleston, Jean P., Weymann, Alexander, Ling, Simon, Paranjape, Shruti M., Romero, Rene, Schwarzenberg, Sara Jane, Palermo, Joseph, Alonso, Estella M., Murray, Karen F., Marshall, Bruce C., Sherker, Averell H., Siegel, Marilyn J., Krishnamurthy, Rajesh, Harned, Roger, Karmazyn, Boaz, Magee, John C., Narkewicz, Michael R., Nicholas, Jennifer L., Kaurs, Elizabeth, Sokol, Ronald J., Burr, Susanna, Freeman, Jay, Alazraki, Adina, Patrick, Ellen, Hunter, Eric, Ling, Simon C., Navarro, Oscar, Ling, Julie P., Palermo, Joe J., Towbin, Alex, Ferris, Andrea, Denlinger, Julie, Bozic, Molly A., Subbarao, Girish, Klipsch, Ann, Karnsakul, Wikrom, Benson, Jane E., Callahan, Karen A., Kafka, Kim, Murray, Karen F., Gibson, Ron, Otto, Randolph, Genatossio, Alan, Young, Melissa, Weymann, Alexander, Siegel, Marilyn J., Harris, Kathy, Leung, Daniel H., Krishnamurthy, Rajesh, Brown, Jameisha, Schwarzenberg, Sara Jane, Stacklie, Denise, Seidel, Glenn F., Doo, Edward, Sherker, Averell H., Hall, Sherry R., and Torrance, Rebecca

Published
2015
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29. Non-aqueous solvation of n-octanol and ethanol: Spectroscopic and computational studies

Author

Levering, Lori M., Hayes, Carrigan J., Callahan, Karen M., Hadad, Christopher M., and Allen, Heather C.

Subjects
Raman spectroscopy -- Usage, Aqueous solution reactions -- Research, Benzene -- Chemical properties, Alcohol -- Chemical properties, Alcohol, Denatured -- Chemical properties, Chemicals, plastics and rubber industries
Abstract

Raman spectroscopy was used to examine the interactions of the free O-H bonds in n-octanol and ethanol with the organic solvents carbon tetrachloride [CCI(sub 4)], cyclohexane, and benzene. These spectra reveal that the solvents CCI(sub 4) and cyclohexane have a small effect on the free O-H peak of alcohols, whereas benzene as a solvent significantly red shifts the free O-H band.

Published
2006

30. Laser-induced fluorescence spectra of 4-methylcyclohexoxy radical and perdeuterated cyclohexoxy radical and direct kinetic studies of their reactions with O2

Author

Lei Zhang, Callahan, Karen M., Derbyshire, Dean, and Dibble, Theodore S.

Subjects
Methyl groups -- Spectra, Methyl groups -- Optical properties, Cyclohexane -- Spectra, Cyclohexane -- Optical properties, Fluorescence spectroscopy -- Usage, Chemicals, plastics and rubber industries
Abstract

The first observation of the laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) excitation spectra of trans-4-methylcyclohexoxy and d11-cyclohexoxy radicals is reported. Both spectra are consistent with a single conformer, and thermodynamic analysis of the conformers of trans-4-methylcyclohexoxy indicates that the radical center must occupy the equatorial position.

Published
2005

32. Characterization of diet-dependent metabolic serotypes: proof of principle in female and male rats

Author

Shi, Honglian, Vigneau-Callahan, Karen E., Shestopalov, Alexander I., Milbury, Paul E., Matson, Wayne R., and Kristal, Bruce S.

Subjects
Rats -- Food and nutrition, Serum -- Analysis, Diet -- Physiological aspects, Metabolism -- Research, Food/cooking/nutrition
Abstract

Our research seeks to identify a serum profile, or serotype, that reflects substantial changes in food intake. Earlier studies demonstrated that a number of low-molecular-weight, redox-active compounds of metabolome were sufficiently stable analytically and biologically to identify biomarkers of dietary restriction (DR, restriction of total food intake) in rats. A second initial requirement is to demonstrate feasibility, i.e., that concentration changes in selected serum metabolites can contain sufficient information to classify rats by diet. The current study distinguished 101 (female) and 112 (male) chromatographically identifiable compounds that differ between ad libitum (AL) consumption and DR 6-mo-old rats. In a cohort of female rats, both hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) and principal component analyses (PCA) could distinguish dietary groups with 100% efficiency (101 metabolites). Repeating the classification studies using the 63 biologically and analytically most robust metabolites decreased noise without affecting categorical separation. In a cohort of male rats, PCA, but not HCA, distinguished the original dietary groups with 100% accuracy (112 metabolites). A subset of 52 of the 112 metabolites enabled both HCA and PCA to group the male rats with 100% accuracy. These data demonstrate that quantitative analysis of selected serum metabolites can yield sufficient information by which to classify the dietary intake of a group of rats, identify such markers chromatographically and set the stage for validation of these metabolic serotypes in independent datasets. J. Nutr..132: 1031-1038, 2002. KEY WORDS: * dietary restriction * serum metabolite * HPLC * multivariate analysis * biomarker * rats

Published
2002

34. Poster: Breast cancer screening in Madeira 1999-2018: Comparison between participants and non-participants

Author

Fraga, Cláudia, Serrão, Patrícia, Camacho, Carolina, Camacho, José, Veira, Joaquim, Armas, Mónica, Ferreira, Nuno, Callahan, Karen E., Pinheiro, Paulo S., and Muller, Sara

Subjects
breast cancer, Registo Oncologico da Madeira, Madeira Island, screening program, screening mammography programme
Abstract

Female breast cancer (BC) is the most frequently diagnosed cancer in most countries and the leading cause of cancer death among women worldwide. Since 1999, a population-based bi-annual BC screening mammography programme for women aged 45-69 has been in place in Madeira, with participation reported at 57% of all eligible females of the archipelago population (255,000). While all women receive an appointment letter to attend screening, many BCs are detected outside the network of the screening programme as ascertained by the Madeira Cancer Registry (Registo Oncológico Regional); here called “non-participants.” To date, despite this long period of activity, an assessment of the impact of the BC screening programme on BC mortality in Madeira has not been carried out. Making use of available data, we compared the characteristics and survival of BC tumors between participants and non-participants of this screening programme in an effort to initiate more elaborate analyses of the impact of the screening program. info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

Published
2019

35. The influence of membrane bilayer thickness on KcsA channel activity

Author

Callahan, Karen M., Benoit Mondou, Sasseville, Louis, Jean-Louis Schwartz, and D’Avanzo, Nazzareno

Abstract

Atomic resolution structures have provided significant insight into the gating and permeation mechanisms of various ion channels, including potassium channels. However, ion channels may also be regulated by numerous factors, including the physiochemical properties of the membrane in which they are embedded. For example, the matching of the bilayer’s hydrophobic region to the hydrophobic external surface of the ion channel is thought to minimize the energetic penalty needed to solvate hydrophobic residues or exposed lipid tails. To understand the molecular basis of such regulation by hydrophobic matching requires examining channels in the presence of the lipid membrane. Here we examine the role of hydrophobic matching in regulating the activity of the model potassium channel, KcsA. 86Rb+ influx assays and single-channel recordings indicate that the non-inactivating E71A KcsA channel is most active in thin bilayers (

Published
2019
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36. Determinants of Disparities in the Colorectal Cancer Burden

Author

Callahan, Karen Elizabeth

Abstract

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third leading cause of cancer incidence and mortality in the United States, with an estimated 140,000 new cases and 51,000 deaths expected in 2018. Like most cancers, the burden of CRC is unequally distributed among population groups. The current dissertation included two studies filling gaps in knowledge about CRC disparities. Study 1 characterized the relationship between educational attainment and CRC mortality by race/ethnicity. Six years of CRC mortality data (2012-2017) from the diverse state of California, with 30,180 deaths were analyzed. Sex-specific mortality rate ratios (MRR) stratified by race/ethnicity as well as by educational level were computed using negative binomial regression models. Among Non-Hispanic White (NHW), Non-Hispanic Black (NHB), Hispanic, and Asian/Pacific Islander (API) men and women, those with only a high school education had between 8%-45% higher CRC mortality than those with at least an Associate's Degree. Mortality advantages for APIs and Hispanics, typically reported in the literature, were limited to the lower levels of education. At the highest educational level, Filipino men had 17% (MRR:1.17; 95% CI: 1.01-1.37) higher mortality than NHWs. Study 2, using 12,413 CRC cases in Nevada from 2003-2013, calculated five-year cause-specific, age-adjusted, overall survival from CRC, stratified by sex, race/ethnicity, and region of Nevada using the life tables method. Cox Proportional Hazards regression modelling computed determinants of CRC survival. Five-year CRC survival was low: 56.0% (95% CI: 54.6-57.5) among males and 59.5% (95% CI: 58.0-61.1) among females; significantly lower than national 5-year survival. No survival disparities were found between NHW and NHB populations in Nevada. Low survival was driven by populous Southern Nevada: After adjustment for all covariates, Southern Nevadans were at 17% higher risk of death than their counterparts in Northwestern Nevada (HR: 1.17; 95% CI: 1.08-1.27). CRC screening, comparatively low among Nevadans, immigrants, minorities, and people with lower levels of education, is one modifiable factor that has the potential to improve CRC outcomes. Collaboratively, all stakeholders must aggressively approach any opportunities to improve primary prevention of CRC as well as to maximize the CRC survival potential, thus, reducing the number of deaths from this potentially preventable cancer.

Published
2019
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