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Eda Caliskan Yildirim,1 Yusuf Acikgoz,2 Yakup Ergun,2 Efnan Algin,2 Oznur Bal2 1Dokuz Eylul University, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, Izmir, Turkey; 2Health Sciences University Ankara City Hospital, Department of Medical Oncology, Ankara, TurkeyCorrespondence: Eda Caliskan Yildirim, Dokuz Eylul University, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, Izmir, 35340, Turkey, Tel +905545070442, Email caliskan_eda@yahoo.comPurpose: N3 gastric cancer is characterized by a fairly high lymph node metastasis burden and poor outcome despite optimal therapy. Given the limitations of TNM classification, a comprehensive evaluation tool is necessary to predict the prognosis of patients with N3 gastric cancer who underwent curative surgery. This study aims to explore the outcomes and clinicopathologic prognostic factors affecting the overall survival (OS) of patients with N3 gastric cancer after surgery.Methods: Data on patients with N3 gastric cancer who underwent (sub)total gastrectomy and regional lymph node dissection between November 2005 and September 2018 (n = 169) were analyzed by Cox regression to determine the independent prognostic factors for OS.Results: The multivariable analysis established that gender, patient performance status, metastatic lymph node ratio (MLNR), tumor grade, and adjuvant chemotherapy are significantly associated with OS. The five-year OS of the study population was 15%. Adjuvant chemoradiotherapy was applied to 72% of the patients, which resulted in an improvement in recurrence-free survival but not OS. Recurrence occurred in 103 (75%) patients, in which the most frequent recurrence site was distant metastasis.Conclusion: Male gender, poor performance status, grade 3 tumor, MLNR > 0.37, and not receiving adjuvant chemotherapy are predictors of poor prognosis in N3 gastric cancer after curative resection. Considering the high recurrence rates of this group, prospective studies are needed to optimize treatment strategies.Keywords: gastric cancer, prognosis, N3, lymph node ratio, recurrence pattern

Background. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have revolutionized the treatment of advanced cancers. Antibodies directed against programmed cell death receptor 1 (PD-1) interrupt the ability of the cancerous cell to depress the immune system. Methods and results. We report three patients who developed different endocrine abnormalities after treatment with nivolumab, a monoclonal antibody directed against PD-1. First, we report a 76-year-old male presenting with generalized fat loss after treatment with nivolumab which predominantly affected his face and trunk. Second, we described the development of thyroiditis that presented with thyrotoxicosis and the expression of thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor antibodies (TRAb). Finally, we observed the emergence of adrenal insufficiency due to hypophysitis in another case. Conclusion. Although immune checkpoint inhibitors are an effective anticancer treatment modality, adverse effects are evident that can affect the endocrine system. These adverse events may relate to different endocrine systems that include the thyroid and pituitary glands. Also, acquired generalized lipodystrophy should be suspected in patients developing unusual fat loss after treatment with ICIs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biomarkers such as hormone receptors (HR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor2 (HER2) may change after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) in breast cancer patients. The aim of this study was to investigate the rates of receptor change after NAC and to evaluate the prognostic impact of change. Patients with breast cancer who received NAC were included in the study. Changes in pathological findings (ER, PR, HER-2, Ki-67, grade) before and after NAC were examined. In addition, the effect of receptor exchange on prognosis was evaluated. Kaplan Meier analysis was used for survival analyses. Study was approved by Ethics Board of Tepecik Training and Research Hospital (Decision number 2021/10-02). We confirm that all methods were performed in accordance with relevant named guidelines and regulations. The study included 203 female patients. When pathological findings before and after NAC were compared, significant regression was found in grade and Ki-67 values (p = 0.003, p < 0.001). ER change rate was 11.8%, PR change rate was 24.6% and HER-2 change rate was 12.5%. No significant correlation was found between ER, PR and HER-2 changes and prognosis. The pathological T stage after NAC being 1 or 2, no lymph nodes detected, and the tumor grade being 1 or 2 were independent variables related to survival (p: 0.002, p: 0.014, p < 0.001). In patients with breast cancer, it would be appropriate to re-evaluate the HER-2 and HR status of the surgical specimen following NAC, especially in initially negative patients. The correlation of receptor discordance with prognosis is not clear and more extensive studies are needed., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Background: CDK4/6 inhibitors combined with endocrine therapy have significantly improved treatment outcomes for metastatic hormone receptor-positive (HR+) breast cancer patients. However, the impact of low HER2 expression on treatment response and progression-free survival (PFS) remains unclear., Methods: This multicenter retrospective study included 204 HR+ breast cancer patients treated with a combination of CDK4/6 inhibitor and endocrine therapy. HER2-zero disease was detected in 138 (68%) and HER2-low disease in 66 (32%) patients. Treatment-related characteristics and clinical outcomes were analyzed, with a median follow-up of 22 months., Results: The objective response rate (ORR) was 72.7% in the HER2 low group and 66.6% in the HER2 zero group (p = 0.54). Median PFS was not significantly different between the HER2-low and HER2 zero groups (19 months vs.18 months, p = 0.89), although there was a trend toward longer PFS in the HER2-low group for first-line treatment (24 months progression-free survival rate 63% vs 49%). In recurrent disease, the median PFS was 25 months in the HER2-low group and 12 months in the HER2-zero group (p = 0.08), while in de novo metastatic disease, the median PFS was 18 months in the HER2-low group and 27 months in the HER2-zero group (p = 0.16). The order of CDK4/6 inhibitor use and the presence of visceral metastasis were identified as independent variables affecting PFS., Conclusion: Low HER2 expression did not significantly impact treatment response or PFS in HR+ breast cancer patients treated with a CDK4/6 inhibitor and endocrine therapy. Because of the conflicting results in the literature, further prospective studies are needed to evaluate the clinical significance of HER2 expression in HR+ breast cancer., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest None., (Copyright © 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)

Objective: At the time of diagnosis, approximately 16.5% of prostate cancer patients are metastatic. The main framework of metastatic prostate cancer treatment is androgen deprivation therapy, which is performed surgically or medically. The aim of this study is to evaluate the attitudes of medical oncologists and urologists about orchiectomy as androgen deprivation therapy., Material and Methods: A total of 387 physicians working in the Departments of Urology (n=217) and Medical Oncology (n=170) were included in this descriptive study. Data were collected through an electronic survey., Results: Only 7.5% of participants indicated that they offered surgical castration to their patients. Urologists preferred surgical castration more than oncologists for the treatment of metastatic castration-sensitive prostate carcinoma (P=.003). The reasons why medical oncologists preferred surgical castration less are that it is an invasive procedure, has risk of morbidity and mortality, high cost of hospitalization, and may cause deterioration of the patient's body image (P < .05)., Conclusion: This study showed that physicians were less likely to perform orchiectomy as an androgen deprivation therapy. Although the most important reason for this is the patient preference, the biased presentation of treatment options to patients, the lack of knowledge of physicians about orchiectomy, and the effect of the pharmaceutical industry should also be kept in mind.

Background : In this study, we aimed to investigate the frequency, prognostic effect of codon, and amino acid-specific KRAS mutations in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) and their predictive effect on irinotecan and oxaliplatin during first-line treatment. Methods : The data of 304 mCRC patients were retrospectively evaluated between 2010 and 2018. Patients were categorized according to the most prominent codon and amino acid mutation and their prognostic features were analyzed. Results : In total, 274 patients were included in the study and 128 patients (47%) revealed KRAS mutation. Median follow-up time was 19.8 months (range; 1.6-96). The median overall survival rates for patients with codons 12 and 13 mutations were 25.4 and 22.2 months, respectively ( p = 0.4). Moreover, the median overall survival for the codon 12 mutant patients who received irinotecan-based chemotherapy in the first-line treatment was 42.7 months, whereas for the codon 13 mutant and KRAS wild-type patients, it was 18.3 and 23.9 months, respectively (codon 12 vs. codon 13; HR: 0.31, p = 0.03, codon 12 vs. wild-type; HR: 0.45, p = 0.03). Conclusion : The significant survival advantage was observed in patients with codon 12 mutations who received irinotecan-based chemotherapy as a first-line treatment.