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Open fractures of the calcaneus represent high risk of infection, sometimes leading to complete removal of the bone. The scenario of a total calcanectomy becomes a great surgical challenge, since it is not only necessary to solve the residual covering defect, but also to recover the gait function, because this bone has a fundamental role in human walking due to its capacity to support weight and compression. We present the case of a patient who, after an open calcaneal fracture, develops osteomyelitis that persists despite treatment, so a total calcanectomy is performed. For reconstruction, a fibula osteocutaneous flap is performed, introducing a novel form for placement in place of the calcaneus, which allows the limb to be saved. After 6 years of follow-up, patient achieved total restoration of walking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

El osteocondroma es el tumor óseo benigno más frecuente, representa el 35% de los tumores óseos benignos y el 8% de los tumores óseos. Está formado por una exostosis de hueso trabecular recubierta de cartílago que afecta la región metafisaria de los huesos largos, a partir del cartílago de crecimiento, alrededor de la rodilla, en el hombro o la muñeca, y es extremadamente raro en las falanges de la mano o el pie. Crece durante la niñez y la adolescencia hasta alcanzar la madurez esquelética; por lo tanto, su crecimiento en un adulto sugiere la transformación maligna en condrosarcoma, aunque también existen reportes sin malignización. Además, el calcáneo es un hueso corto, por lo que, desde el punto de vista fisiopatológico, sería inesperada la aparición de este tipo de lesión. El objetivo de este artículo es presentar un caso de osteocondroma de calcáneo solitario con crecimiento después de la madurez esquelética, su diagnóstico y tratamiento, así como una revisión bibliográfica. Esta presentación de caso es importante, dados la localización infrecuente y el potencial de transformación maligna del osteocondroma, y la escasa bibliografía sobre el tema.

O envolvimento ósseo isolado da paracoccidioidomicose sem qualquer foco pulmonar é raro. Este relato documenta o primeiro caso de osteomielite do calcâneo em que a infecção óssea foi a única manifestação da doença. Jovem de 22 anos, pardo, brasileiro, procedente de zona rural, atendido em pronto-socorro ortopédico. Referia calo na região do tendão de Aquiles e desenvolveu claudicação intermitente e, por vezes, incapacidade de deambular. Além de apresentar febre baixa e sudorese. Ele era hipertenso e tomava medicação imunossupressora devido a transplante renal anterior. A ressonância magnética revelou coleção intracalcânea que necessitou de tratamento cirúrgico para desbridamento e preenchimento do defeito ósseo. Após a cirurgia e administração de medicamentos antifúngicos, os sintomas do paciente melhoraram gradativamente. A avaliação epidemiológica para o diagnóstico diferencial e a abordagem clínico-ortopédica multidisciplinar com diagnóstico e tratamento eficaz permitiram a melhor evolução clínica do paciente.

Objetivo: Describir los resultados radiográficos y funcionales, y las complicaciones de la osteosíntesis de fracturas de calcáneo mediante el abordaje del seno del tarso. Materiales y Métodos: Se evaluaron 54 fracturas articulares de calcáneo desplazadas en 50 pacientes con radiografías de pie, de frente y de perfil, y tomografía computarizada preoperatorias. Se tomaron radiografías de pie, de frente y de perfil sin carga en el posoperatorio inmediato y con carga a las semanas 6 y 12, y al final del seguimiento. Se midió el ángulo de Böhler y se cuantificó el grado de artrosis subastragalina y calcaneocuboidea. Se determinó el puntaje de la AOFAS y se registraron las complicaciones de la herida, las lesiones neurológicas y la necesidad de cirugías adicionales, como retiro del material de osteosíntesis y artrodesis subastragalina. Resultados: El seguimiento fue de 30.8 meses. La serie estaba formada por 8 mujeres y 42 hombres, con una edad de 39.40 ± 14 años (rango 18-65). Cuarenta fracturas eran Sanders tipo II, 13 tipo III y 1 tipo IV. El puntaje de la AOFAS fue: excelente (12 casos), bueno (25 casos), regular (12 casos) y malo (5 casos). El ángulo de Böhler preoperatorio era de 10,8 ± 10,4° y 30,77 ± 8,24° al final del seguimiento (p

Sex estimation is an important aspect of skeletal identification. In addition, previous studies have found that the sex estimation of each race is different. Thus, it is necessary to develop discriminant function equations for the estimation of sex for the Thai population. This study aims to investigate the relationship between width, length and height of the calcaneus and talus with regards to sex and compare the effectiveness of sex estimation between the calcaneus alone, the talus alone, and between both the calcaneus and talus. A total of 200 individuals (100 males and 100 females) were used in this study; ages ranged from 19 to 94 years. Thirteen variables of calcaneus and ten variables of talus were measured. The authors created discriminant function equations for the estimation of sex and tested the efficiency of the equations obtained by using a test group of 40 individuals (20 males and 20 females). By analyzing the mean values of the variables in the calcaneus and the talus, it was shown that males were significantly different from females (p<0.05). Except for the Minimum Inferior Interarticular Distance (MinIID) variable in the left and right talus, the mean of the male and female variables was not significantly different (p>0.05). A stepwise method was used to create 6 equations for sex estimation. The equations were categorized from between the calcaneus alone, the talus alone, and between both the calcaneus and the talus, providing a sex estimation accuracy of between 88.5 and 93.0 %. Using the test group, it was shown that discriminant function equations from the calcaneus alone, the talus alone, and the calcaneus and the talus together, can estimate sex at a high level of accuracy. Sex estimation accuracy was greater than 85 % in all equations. Therefore, the discriminant function equations from the calcaneus alone, the talus alone, and between both the calcaneus and the talus, from this study can be applied to the Thai population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objetivos: Describir los resultados radiográficos, funcionales y las complicaciones de la cirugía percutánea en pacientes con fracturas de calcáneo tipo IIC de Sanders en lengüeta. Materiales y Métodos: Se evaluaron 9 fracturas articulares de calcáneo desplazadas en 9 pacientes con radiografías de pie, de frente y de perfil, y tomografía computarizada preoperatorias. Se tomaron radiografías de pie, de frente y perfil, sin carga en el posoperatorio inmediato y con carga a las semanas 6 y 12, y al final del seguimiento. Se midió el ángulo de Böhler y se cuantificó el grado de artrosis subastragalina y calcaneocuboidea. Se evaluaron las siguientes variables: puntaje AOFAS, complicaciones de la herida, lesión neurológica y necesidad de cirugías adicionales, como retiro del material de osteosíntesis y artrodesis subtalar. Resultados: El seguimiento fue de 21.1 meses. La edad promedio de los pacientes (3 mujeres y 6 hombres) era de 42 ± 12. El ángulo de Böhler preoperatorio fue de 7º (±6,2º) y de 33,6º (±4,1°) en el posoperatorio final (p

Las fracturas del calcáneo representan el 2-3,1% de las fracturas en general y las avulsiones del tendón de Aquiles son las menos frecuentes de este grupo. Fueron descritas por Bohler como “fracturas en pico de pato”. Los casos publicados son muy escasos, Sang-Myung y cols. publicaron la revisión más grande con 764 casos de fracturas de calcáneo, 20 de ellos con avulsión de la tuberosidad del calcáneo. Los mecanismos de acción más frecuentes son tropiezo, caída o golpe directo. Se presenta a un paciente de 48 años que concurre al Servicio de Urgencias de un hospital de segundo nivel, tras caerse de un árbol y quedar suspendido sobre la pierna derecha. Ingresó para estudio con evidencia radiográfica de fractura por avulsión del calcáneo y fue sometido a una osteosíntesis, con una excelente evolución clínica. Consideramos importante comunicar este caso, dada la escasa frecuencia de este tipo de fracturas.

The weight of the body is transmitted to the foot through the subtalar joint and talus. Considering the important location of the talus and calcaneus, the morphological structures of these bones may affect the biomechanics of the subtalar joint. At the same time, the morphological structure of these bones is important in some common foot deformities. We aimed to investigate whether the various measurements of the talus and calcaneus are associated with different foot deformities in this study. In this study, radiography images of 158 (72 male and 86 female) patients within the mean age of 44 years were retrospectively examined. Eleven different measurements of the talus and calcaneus were obtained from the lateral and antero-posterior radiographs of the patients. A total of 158 patient's routine clinic radiographs were retrospectively assessed, which have calcaneal spur (n=63), hallux valgus (n=32) and control group (n=63). We determined that the body height of the calcaneus, maximum width of the head of the talus, minimum anterior width of the calcaneus were significantly different between calcaneal spur group and control group. Maximum length fibular malleolar facet of the talus was significantly different between age groups. And we determined that the calcaneal index was significantly different between hallux valgus group and control groups. Also all measurements were significantly different between males and females. As a result, some measurements that significantly determine the morphology of the talus and calcaneus were found to be significant between deformity groups and control groups. We think that our study will contribute to the literature as it is the first study in which the measurements obtained from the radiographic images of the talus and calcaneus are associated with foot deformities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Calcaneal articular fractures are fractures classically associated with a high rate of complications and poor outcomes. Osteosynthesis of the calcaneus through a sinus tarsi approach has shown results equal to or superior to those of the extended approach, having become the new gold standard.The objective: of this article is to detail step by step the surgical technique of osteosynthesis of intra-articular fractures of the calcaneus through a sinus tarsi approach, from the selection of the fracture, positioning of the patient, layout of the operating room and the fluoroscope, the entire surgical process until postoperative treatment.The surgical technique described below is described in 6 steps.Layout of the operating room. Patient and Fluoroscope Positioning.Reduction of the posterior tuberosity (correct height and varus).Sinus tarsi approach.Reduction of the articular surface and correct visualization. Arthroscopy.Fixation of the articular surface.Fixation of the posterior tuberosity.Anatomical reduction of complex calcaneal fractures through an Sinus Tarsi Approach requires an understanding of the fracture and its associated deformities. Following the described sequence step by step will help to achieve a better reduction in order to achieve better functional results., (Copyright © 2024 SECOT. Publicado por Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.)

Heel spur is an osteophytic protrusion larger than 2 mm that lies just anterior to the tuberosity of the calcaneus. Heel spur can be of two types: plantar heel spur and dorsal heel spur. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between the heel spurs incidence with age, sex and side. A total of 2000 bilateral radiographs of 1000 patients (518 men and 482 women) aged 20-93 years who applied to Terme state hospital, Samsun, Turkey due to trauma were examined. Patients were grouped into 10 year age ranges (20-29 years; 30-39 years; 40-49 years; 50-59 years; 60-69 years and over 70 years). The incidences of plantar heel spur, dorsal heel spur, and both were evaluated according to age, sex and side relations. Plantar or dorsal heel spurs were detected in 32.6 % (326 patients) of the patients. The incidences of plantar heel spur, dorsal heel spur, plantar and dorsal heel spur were 26.0 %, 16.9 %, and 10.3 % respectively. According to sex, the incidence of plantar heel spur was higher in women in all age groups. Although the incidence of dorsal heel spur was higher in men in the 6th decade, it was more common in women in other age groups. The incidence of plantar heel spur was 2.615 times higher in the right foot and 2.810 times higher in the left foot in women. As the age increased, the risk of plantar heel spur increased 1.060 times in the right foot and 1.061 times in the left foot. The incidence of dorsal heel spur was 1.510 times higher in the right foot and 1.715 times higher in the left foot in women. As the age increased, the incidence of dorsal heel spur increased in both feet and this increase was 1.055 times in both feet. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

bone known as Müller-Weiss disease (MWD) is a rare disease. Patients present with chronic pain in the talonavicular joint and a paradoxical flat foot with a varo hindfoot. Objective: To analyze the clinical results of a lateral osteotomy of calcaneus applied to patients with MWD. Material and methods: Retrospective observational study carried out in two hospitals. The series consists of nine cases in eight patients, all of them with symptomatic Müller-Weiss disease, treated by lateral osteotomy of the calcaneus between 2012 and 2017, obtaining an average follow-up of 4 years (2-6). The mean age was 62 years (50-75). In all patients, Costa-Bartani angles (CB), Kite angle and Calcaneal Inclination (CI) were measured. In addition, the Manchester Oxford Scale (MO) to measure the postsurgical satisfaction of patients. Results: All patients report having improved their pain by obtaining a postoperative score on the mean Manchester Oxford scale of 32.54 points (15.62-53.75). In 66% of patients the CB angle improves, the Kite angle in 89% and the CI in 33%. Conclusion: The improvement in the pain of the patients in our series is not accompanied by radiological changes in the same proportion, it is a simple and uncomplicated technique in our follow-up. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Resumo O envelhecimento populacional aumenta o número de idosos e a prevalência de doenças como osteoporose, que está associada a fraturas. Para esse tipo de avaliação, a ultra-sonometria de calcâneo (USO) poderia ser uma boa alternativa, porque é barata, fácil de ser medida e não expõe os indivíduos à radiação. O estudo apresentado estimou a prevalência de três diferentes grupos de desvio-padrão (DP-1

El condrosarcoma es una neoplasia maligna esquelética caracterizada por la producción de cartílago neoplásico, representa sólo un 20% de los tumores óseos, y su localización más frecuente es en pelvis y extremidades proximales. Su localización en huesos pequeños es rara. Se presenta el caso de un varón de 44 años con un tiempo de enfermedad de 1 año que acude a la emergencia de traumatología con un aumento de volumen de parte posterior del pie derecho acompañado de intenso dolor. Se le realizó una resección con margen amplio del tumor. El servicio de anatomía patológica informó condrosarcoma de alto grado. Actualmente el paciente es evaluado por el servicio de oncología.

Calcaneal fracture is unusual and carries high costs at long term because its associated morbidity. Surgical treatment of this fracture by extended lateral approach has risks like wound healing up to 20%. One of the causes of chronic pain is subtalar arthropathy, but it is important to rule out other causes as implant associated infection. The aim of this study is to demonstrate the presence of germs in the implant through extraction, sonication and culture. Cases with evident infection, subtalar arthropathy, non union or subtalar fusion concomitant surgery were excluded. The data includes open fracture history, wound healing complication, time between surgeries, cause to implant extraction and cultures results. A positive culture rate of 33.3% was obtained. We consider it is important to have in mind the implant associated infection as a cause of pain in these patients, with the aim to study microbiologically each case and choose the right strategy of treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de Ciencias Médicas de Pinar del Río is the property of Editorial Ciencias Medicas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

A peritalar dislocation involves simultaneous disruption of the talocalcaneal and talonavicular joints. It is relatively uncommon and account for approximately 1% to 1.5% of all traumatic foot injuries. Medial dislocation is the most frequent accounting for approximately 80% of reported cases. Lateral peritalar dislocations are less common (17%), and posterior (2.5%) and anterior dislocations are rare (1%). Approximately 55% of medial and 72% of lateral subtypes are associated with fractures. A thirty-six-year-old woman had suffered an indirect traumatism during kite-surf practice and after falling from the kite-board near the beach trying to avoid an accident because of intense wind. She presented a lateral peritalar dislocation with navicular, calcaneal and fibular fractures associated. After the primary evaluation, a closed reduction was attempted three days from trauma. After six days of the lesion the surgery was perform. The fractures were treated with minimally invasive osteosynthesis and in the postoperative the patient developed a complex regional pain syndrome. We recomend an early diagnosis of peritalar dislocations and a correct recognition of infrequent fractures to avoid usual complications.

La reparación de lesiones de partes blandas del tercio distal del miembro inferior, constituye un desafío para la cirugía plástica reconstructiva. El objetivo del presente trabajo consiste en ilustrar una de las indicaciones del colgajo sural para la adecuada cobertura de una herida compleja en la región calcánea. Se describe el caso de un niño de 6 años de edad con antecedentes de accidente en motocicleta, que ocasionó una herida con pérdida de sustancia en la región calcánea derecha. Se realizó inicialmente curación e instalación de sistema aspirativo. Técnica quirúrgica: Diseño del colgajo, disección de la isla de piel incluyendo la fascia, identificación del paquete vasculonervioso proximal, ligadura y sección, disección fasciocutánea de proximal a distal. Movilización del colgajo y cobertura del defecto. Autoinjerto cutáneo parcial en zona donante. Evolución favorable. El colgajo sural permite una confiable cobertura cutánea del tercio distal del miembro inferior cuando no se cree factible el uso de injertos. Ventajas: no depende de microcirugía, un solo tiempo operatorio, sin déficit funcional importante, amplio rango de rotación y aceptable morbilidad del sitio donante. Desventaja: Sacrificio del nervio sural. Se concluye que el colgajo sural permite la reconstrucción de defectos en el tercio distal de la pierna.

Copyright of Revista Española de Cirugía Ortopédica y Traumatologia (English Edition) is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Calcaneal articular fractures are fractures classically associated with a high rate of complications and poor outcomes. Osteosynthesis of the calcaneus through a sinus tarsi approach has shown results equal to or superior to those of the extended approach, having become the new gold standard. The objective of this article is to detail step by step the surgical technique of osteosynthesis of intra-articular fractures of the calcaneus through a sinus tarsi approach, from the selection of the fracture, positioning of the patient, layout of the operating room and the fluoroscope, the entire surgical process until postoperative treatment. The surgical technique described below is described in 6 steps. Anatomical reduction of complex calcaneal fractures through an Sinus Tarsi Approach requires an understanding of the fracture and its associated deformities. Following the described sequence step by step will help to achieve a better reduction in order to achieve better functional results., (Copyright © 2024 SECOT. Publicado por Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.)

Introduction: Intraosseous lipomas are primary bone tumors described as rare or infrequent that may occur in different ways depending on the degree of evolution, which makes it difficult to be diagnosed when confused with other lesions such as cysts or bone infarctions. Objective: to report the case as a rare pathology and to review the literature. Case Report: The case of a 29- year-old male diagnosed at the Almanzor Aguinaga Asenjo National Hospital -EsSalud - Chiclayo - Peru with an intraosseous lipoma located in the calcaneus is presented, according to the evidence obtained in the imaging studies; subsequently treated by curettage and bone grafting. Together the histopathological study was carried out that supports the diagnosis made. Conclusion: The intraosseous lipoma is a rare benign tumor, however, in the calcaneus bone it is where it occurs most, they are asymptomatic, the diagnosis is incidental on the radiograph as a lytic lesion, with central calcification, which according to the clinic can be treated surgically. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Española de Cirugía Ortopédica y Traumatologia (English Edition) is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Calcaneal fractures are the most common tarsal fractures and their treatment is still debated today. We intend in this update to highlight the points of controversy and clarify the consensus, especially in the treatment of intra-articular fractures, as well as to describe the management of major complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Antecedents: Currently the calcaneal fracture represents 60% of fractures of the tarsal fractures and 2% of all fractures. Considering the fact that this is a rare problem both in our country and worldwide, it is considered of great importance to provide information on its initial management, mechanism of injury, classification, complications and treatment services. Materials and methods: A retrospective, observational and descriptive study was performed, with the patients that entered the Orthopedics and Traumatology service from 2014 to June, 2016 that presented intra-articular calcaneal fracture and that were treated with a Lambda plate fixation. Maryland scale was used for functional assessment. Results: The total number of patients with calcaneal fracture was 34; four patients were excluded because they either had open fractures (n=2) or non-articular ones (n=2). The study was comprised of 30 patients, 90% men and 10% women with a mean age of 30 years. The most common mechanism of injury was fall from a high place (87%) and traffic accidents (13%). In 57% of the cases, the right side was the one affected whilst in 43% the left side was the one affected. 84% of the patients presented a good evolution. Conclusions: Intra-articular calcaneal fractures should be treated with open reduction and internal fixation and subsequent follow-up with Maryland functional scale with which satisfactory results were obtained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective was to report on a rare case of chondrosarcoma of the bones of the foot, and specifically the calcaneus. The patient was a 30-year-old woman with a complaint of painless nodulation on the lateral face of the calcaneus, which she had had for around eight years, which then started to present significant pain. Radiography showed a tumor with imprecise limits, compromising the calcaneus, talus and lateral malleolus. The lesion had a destructive, aggressive and osteolytic appearance, with invasion of the surrounding soft tissues and the presence of points of calcification. Amputation was performed in the middle third of the right lower leg, with a histological diagnosis of chondrosarcoma. The case evolved with local recurrence of the tumor formation and subsequent amputation in the middle third of the right thigh. One year after the second amputation, the patient evolved with metastasis from the chondrosarcoma in soft tissues throughout the body and in the lungs, and she died one year and ten months after the diagnosis was made. Chondrosarcomas that involve the calcaneus are rare in young adults, with few reports in the literature. For this reason, the present report becomes important in that it shows that even though this is a rare condition, it is present in our environment. Early investigation is essential, especially by means of imaging examinations, with the aim of diminishing the chances of malignant transformation and consequent complications, so as to avoid death.

Copyright of West Indian Medical Journal is the property of West Indian Medical Journal (WIMJ) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objectives: calcaneus osteomyelitis is an uncommon bone infection in children, with subtle clinical findings and no important immunologic response, requiring diagnostic imaging to make a diagnosis. This is a clinical study made with patients diagnosticated with calcaneus osteomielitis. Materials and methods: this is a retrospective study of patients with calcaneus ostomyelitis during a 5-year follow up. The variables analyzed were age, gender, affected side, previous trauma or disease, time to diagnosis and treatment period. Results: nine patients were recluted. Six of them with secretion cultures; which 4 were positive with S. aureus. (three with methicillin-resistant S. aureus and one case methicillin-sensitive) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in two cases. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was neccesary in 6 patients, with findings sugestive of osteomyelitis in all of them. Conclusion: a high-suspect index is essential to diagnosis, besides imaging studies and laboratory exams. Inicial VSG and PCR were positive in all patients and had a tendency to lowering during treatment. CRP correlated with clinical improvement and was an important marker to iniciate orally antymicrobial treatment. MRI and bone scan were an accurate resource in diagnosis. Staphylococcus aureus is the most common microorganism in this and other studies. P. aeruginosa was associated with accidental heel puncture.Early antimicrobial therapy is the main choice. Surgery is needed in some selected cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Calcaneum is the largest and longest tarsal bone in the foot and forms the prominence of the heel. The middle third of the superior surface of calcaneus provides an articular facet for the talus bone. Objective: The study seeks to observe the variations in the morphology and morphometry of the talar articular facets on the superior surface of dry calcaneal bones of adult human in South-Eastern Nigerian population. Materials and methods: The study was carried out with 220 adult non-pathological dry calcanei, 111 bones of left side and 109 bones of right side of unknown sex from bone banks of various medical colleges in South-Eastern Nigeria. Each calcaneus was examined for various patterns of articulating facets for talus, the shapes of the facets and the length, width and interfacetal distances were also documented. Results: Pattern 1 was common in the present study (59.6% right and 51.4% left). Pattern 2 has an incidence of 7.3% on the right and 8.1% on the left side. Pattern 3 was found with an incidence of 11.9% on the right and 13.5% on the left side and pattern 4 was found with an incidence of 21.1% on the right and 27% on the left side constituting the second most common pattern of talar articular facets on the superior surface of the calcaneus. The oval shape was common in the anterior and middle talar articular facets with an incidence of 52.86% and 64.39% respectively, oval and convex was common in the posterior facet (70% cases) and the elongated shape was common among the fused anterior and middle facet (63.12%) with elongated oval common in subtype 2 (27.87%) and elongated constricted common in subtype 1 (35.25%). The length of the calcanei was recorded at a mean±SD of 7.10±0.70cm (left side) and 7.01±0.72cm (right side) and that of the width was recorded at 2.77±0.38cm (left side) and 2.77±0.37cm (right side). The distance between the Anterior and Middle facets was mean±SD of 0.50±0.15cm (left side) and 0.48±0.15cm (right side), the Posterior and Middle facets at 0.59±0.20cm (left side) and 0.56±0.17cm (right side) and that between the Anterior and Posterior facets at 1.43±0.27cm (left side) and 1.42±0.29cm (right side). Conclusion: The individual and racial differences of the anatomic construction of calcaneal talar articular facets influence the static and kinetic dynamics of foot. A good knowledge of the calcaneal facet pattern and shape would assist better treatment and management options for calcaneal fractures. It also necessitates a modification of western surgical techniques to suit the Nigerian scenario for calcaneal osteotomy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJETIVO: Apresentar um desenho de placa em forma de borboleta e sua aplicação no tratamento de fraturas do calcâneo e discutir suas indicações clínicas, vantagens e desvantagens. MÉTODOS: De fevereiro de 2008 a abril de 2010, 22 pacientes com 26 fraturas intra-articulares do calcâneo foram tratados com redução a céu aberto e fixação interna com placa em forma de borboleta. Dezesseis pacientes eram homens e 6 eram mulheres, com média de idade de 36,8 anos. Onze eram pés esquerdos e 15, direitos. De acordo com a classificação de Sanders, 12 eram fraturas de calcâneo Tipo II (inclusive 3 Tipo IIa, 7 Tipo IIb e 2 Tipo IIc) e 14 eram Tipo III (inclusive cinco do Tipo IIIab, 7 Tipo IIIac e duas do Tipo IIIbc). RESULTADOS: Dezessete pacientes (21 pés) foram submetidos a acompanhamento por em média 19,2 meses. Os desfechos funcionais foram avaliados com o sistema Maryland Foot Score. Entre os nove pés com fraturas Tipo II, sete receberam escore excelente e dois, bom. Entre as 12 fraturas Tipo III, seis tiveram escore excelente, cinco, bom e uma, razoável. CONCLUSÃO: A placa em forma de borboleta é aplicável ao tratamento de fraturas do calcâneo do Tipo II e Tipo III de Sanders, com a vantagem de garantir fixação confiável, facilitar a cirurgia, produzir menos complicações pós-operatórias e produzir melhores desfechos clínicos gerais. Nível de Evidência IV, Série de casos.OBJECTIVE: To introduce the design of butterfly-shaped plate and its application in treatment for calcaneal fractures, and to discuss its clinical indications, advantages and disadvantages. METHODS: From February 2008 to April 2010, 22 patients with 26 intra-articular calcaneal fractures were treated by open reduction and internal fixation with butterfly-shape plate. Sixteen patients were male and 6 patients were female, with a mean age of 36.8 years. Eleven were left feet and 15, right. According to Sanders classification, 12 were Type II (including 3 Type IIa, 7 Type IIb and 2 Type IIc) and 14 were Type III (including 5 Type IIIab, 7 Type IIIac and 2 Type IIIbc). RESULTS: Seventeen patients (21 feet) were followed-up for an average of 19.2 months. The functional outcomes were assessed using the Maryland Foot Score system. Among the 9 feet with Type II fractures, 7 feet were scored excellent, 2 were good. Among the 12 Type III fractures, 6 were scored excellent, 5 were good, and one was fair. CONCLUSION: The butterfly-shaped plate is applicable to treatment for Sanders Type II and Type III calcaneal fractures, with advantages of ensuring reliable fixation, easier operation, fewer post-operative complications, and better clinical outcomes. Level of Evidence IV, Case Series.

OBJETIVO: Identificar técnica cirúrgica com melhor resultado para tratamento de fraturas intra-articulares do calcâneo tipo Sanders II e III. MÉTODOS: Revisão sistemática da literatura de estudos clínicos randomizados comparativos de cirurgias de fraturas intra-articulares do calcâneo Sanders II e III, avaliados pelo questionário da American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS). Os estudos foram identificados e recuperados nas bases de dados LILACS, MEDLINE/Pubmed, Biblioteca Cochrane, SciELO, Embase, Science Direct, Scopus, Journals@Ovid, ISI Web of Knowledge, Evidence Based Medicine, além de consulta às referências dos estudos acessados. RESULTADOS: foram identificados três trabalhos randomizados avaliando três técnicas cirúrgicas: fixador externo, fixação percutânea com fio de Kirschner e fixação com parafuso canulado. Todas as técnicas compararam tratamento com redução aberta e fixação com placa e parafuso. Obteve-se as seguintes médias (AOFAS): 86,23 (placa e parafuso), 88,2 (fixação externa), 90,6 (fixação percutânea com fio de Kirschner) e 87,2 (fixação com parafuso canulado). CONCLUSÃO: fixação percutânea com fio de Kirschner apresentou melhores resultados e menor número de complicações, porém as evidências são insuficientes para afirmar superioridade desse tratamento em relação a outras técnicas cirúrgicas.OBJECTIVE: This paper's aim is to compare and figure out what is the most effective surgical technique for Sanders II and III intrarticular fractures. METHODS: Clinical comparative randomized clinical trial on surgical treatment of the intrarticular fractures of the calcaneus (Sanders types II and III) were evaluated by questionnaire of the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society. The identification and search of the studies used the following databases - LILACS, MEDLINE/PubMed, Cochrane Library, SciELO, EMBASE, Science Direct, Scopus, Journals@Ovid, ISI Web of Knowledge, Evidence Based Medicine. References of studies accessed were also consulted. The keywords used Boolean logic (AND and OR): "calcaneus fracture, calcaneous, calcaneal; surgical treatment, management; open Reduction, minimally invasive, percutaneous reduction; internal fixation, external fixation. RESULTS: We identified just three randomized comparative studies. Each Study compared a different technique (external fixation, percutaneous fixation with Kirchner wires and cannulated screws fixation) to the open reduction with internal fixation using plate and screws (named standard technique). CONCLUSION: Comparing the series, percutaneous fixation using Kirschner wires achieved the best results, however we will need more data in order to conclude what is the most effective surgical technique.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to evaluate the short-term clinical and radiographic results from a TTC fusion procedure using a lateral locking plate specifically designed for this purpose. METHODS: All the fourteen patients were evaluated using a variety of methods, including a visual analogue scale (VAS), the AOFAS hindfoot score and a subjective satisfaction scale. The average follow-up was 10 months. RESULTS: The average AOFAS score improved from 41 points preoperatively to 63 points postoperatively. The VAS pain score decreased from 7 to 3 points. Four patients reported excellent results, eight good, one fair and one poor. CONCLUSION: Our study provides support for using a specially designed plate for TTC fusion in hindfoot salvage surgery.OBJETIVO: O propósito deste estudo é avaliar os resultados clínicos e radiológicos a curto prazo do procedimento de fusão tíbio-talo-calcaneana (TTC) com o uso de uma placa lateral bloqueada especificamente concebida para este fim. MÉTODOS: Todos os 14 pacientes foram avaliados usando uma variedade de métodos, incluindo a escala analógico visual da dor (EAV), escore da AOFAS para o retropé e escala subjetiva de satisfação. O acompanhamento médio foi de 10 meses. RESULTADOS: O escore AOFAS médio melhorou de 41 pontos no período pré-operatório para 63 pontos no período pós-operatório. O escore da dor (EAV) caiu de 7 para 3 pontos. Quatro pacientes foram classificados como excelentes resultados, oito bons, um moderado e um ruim. CONCLUSÃO: Nosso estudo dá suporte ao uso da placa especialmente desenhada para a fusão tibio-talo-calcaneana (TTC) nas cirurgias de salvamento do retropé.

OBJETIVO: Determinar as áreas de risco em seis zonas do calcanhar e quantificar os riscos de lesão das estruturas anatômicas (artéria, veia, nervo e tendão). MÉTODO: Foram utilizados 53 calcâneos de cadáveres divididos em três zonas e subdivididas em duas áreas, superior e inferior, por meio de uma linha longitudinal do calcâneo. O risco de lesão das estruturas anatômicas em relação a cada fio de Kirschner foi determinado pelo sistema de graduação segundo a classificação de Licht. A quantificação do risco total de lesão das estruturas anatômicas na colocação de mais de um fio foi calculada pela lei aditiva das probabilidades e pela lei do produto para eventos independentes. RESULTADOS: O cálculo dos riscos de lesão, segundo a classificação de Licht, demonstrou que o risco de lesão da artéria ou veia na zona IA é mais expressivo (43%) em relação às lesões de nervo e tendão (13 e 0%, respectivamente). CONCLUSÃO: O estudo permitiu identificar as estruturas anatômicas mais vulneráveis e quantificar o risco de lesão no calcanhar.OBJECTIVE: To determine the areas presenting risk in six zones of the calcaneus, and to quantify the risks of injury to the anatomical structures (artery, vein, nerve and tendon). METHOD: Fifty-three calcaneus from cadavers were used, divided into three zones and each subdivided in two areas (upper and lower) by means of a longitudinal line through the calcaneus. The risk of injury to the anatomical structures in relation to each Kirschner wire was determined using a graded system according to the Licht classification. The total risk of injury to the anatomical structures through placement of more than one wire was quantified using the additive law of probabilities and the product law for independent events. RESULTS: The injury risk calculation according to the Licht classification showed that the highest risk of injury to the artery or vein was in zone IA (43%), in relation to injuries to nerves and tendons (13% and 0%, respectively). CONCLUSION: This study made it possible to identify the most vulnerable anatomical structures and quantify the risk of injury to the calcaneus.

Dentro del orden Primates existe una gran variedad de especies distribuidas a lo largo de hábitats muy diversos. Dicha heterogeneidad ha fomentado la evolución y desarrollo de un gran número de adaptaciones locomotoras a los diferentes ambientes en los que habitan. Así, existen en la actualidad tanto grupos arborícolas como terrestres. La subfamilia Cercopithecinae agrupa una serie de taxones que representan ambos comportamientos locomotores, aunque la mayoría de las especies están adaptadas a una vida en el suelo. Se supone que este grupo desciende de un ancestro arborícola y que su radiación es relativamente reciente. En consecuencia, las especies de este grupo presentan características mixtas o poco derivadas en algunas ocasiones. Asimismo, es importante tener en cuenta la influencia que la herencia filogenética puede tener sobre alguno de estos rasgos. El calcáneo y el astrágalo son dos de los huesos más grandes del pie y ambos son buenos indicadores del tipo de locomoción. Por este motivo, se han utilizado estos dos tarsales para llevar a cabo el estudio de la morfología de ocho especies de cercopitecoideos, de tal manera que luego se ha podido hacer una serie de inferencias funcionales en cuanto al tipo de locomocón de las mismas.

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a correlação entre a ultrassonometria (US) do calcâneo e a densitometria (DEXA) em mulheres pós-menopausadas que já apresentavam uma fratura por fragilidade. MÉTODOS: Realizada coorte retrospectiva em 35 mulheres com fraturas osteoporóticas (punho ou coluna), deambulando, acima dos 40 anos, pós-menopausadas, sem tratamento prévio para osteoporose. Dessas, 16 com menos de 60 anos e 19 acima. Foram comparadas a Broadband Ultrasound Attenuation (BUA) e a Speed of Sound (SOS) com os sítios de DEXA (L1-L4, fêmur total, colo de fêmur e punhos), sendo utilizados dois valores de BUA diferentes como ponto de corte para osteoporose: BUA < 60dB/MHz e BUA < 64dB/MHz, e o SOS < 1.600m/s. O intervalo de confiança foi de 95%. Os valores da DEXA e US foram lançados em um gráfico de dispersão, sendo possível, através de regressão linear, estabelecer correlações. Em seguida, a amostra foi estratificada segundo faixas etárias (até 60 e acima ou igual 60 anos). Desta forma, os valores foram novamente confrontados e correlacionados. RESULTADOS: A melhor correlação obtida entre DEXA e US foi entre o T score do punho e BUA < 64dB/MHz, com sensibilidade de 92% e especificidade de 95%. Foram obtidas melhores sensibilidades em todos os sítios da DEXA quando a US foi realizada em pacientes acima dos 60 anos. O SOS compatível com osteoporose é < 1.592,5m/s (sensibilidade de 89% e especificidade de 85%). CONCLUSÃO: US do calcâneo pode ser utilizada para rastreamento do risco de fratura por osteoporose quando utilizado ponto de corte BUA < 64dB/ MHz, principalmente em pacientes acima dos 60 anos.OBJECTIVE: To assess the correlation between ultrasound (US) measurement on the calcaneus and bone densitometry (DEXA), among postmenopausal women who already presented fragility fractures. METHODS: 35 postmenopausal women over 40 years of age, with the ability to walk and presenting osteoporotic fractures of the wrist or spine, without previous treatment for osteoporosis, were analyzed in a retrospective cohort. Of these, 16 were under 60 and 19 were over 60. The broadband ultrasound attenuation (BUA) and speed of sound (SOS) were compared using DEXA (L1-L4, total femur, femoral neck and wrist). Two different values of BUA were used as cutoff points for osteoporosis: BUA < 60 dB/MHz and BUA < 64 dB/MHz (P < 0.05); and SOS < 1600 m/s. The confidence interval was 95%. The DEXA and US data were plotted on dispersion graphs and, through linear regression, it was possible to establish correlations. Following this, the sample was stratified according to age (up to 60 years and 60 years and over). Thus, the values were again compared and correlated. RESULTS: The best correlation obtained between DEXA and US was between the T-score of the wrist and BUA < 64 dB/ MHz, with 92% sensitivity and 95% specificity. Better sensitivity at all DEXA sites was obtained when US was performed on patients over 60 years of age. The SOS compatible with osteoporosis was < 1592.5 m/s (89% sensitivity and 85% specificity). CONCLUSION: US on the calcaneus can be used for screening the risk of osteoporosis fractures, using a cutoff of BUA < 64 dB/ MHz, especially among patients over 60 years of age.

OBJETIVO: Realizar uma avaliação clínica e funcional das fraturas intra-articulares do calcâneo tratadas cirurgicamente pelo Grupo de Cirurgia do Pé e Tornozelo do Serviço de Ortopedia e Traumatologia do Hospital Universitário Cajuru no período compreendido entre janeiro de 2001 e dezembro de 2006. MÉTODOS: 107 pacientes, com 113 fraturas, foram submetidos ao tratamento conforme a classificação de Essex-Lopresti: nas fraturas tipo língua ou depressão central com cominuição intraarticular utilizaram-se redução aberta e fixação interna com placa para calcâneo (Synthes®) ou duplo H; nas demais fraturas tipo depressão central realizou-se tratamento minimamente invasivo e nas fraturas tipo língua, tratamento percutâneo. Foram avaliados e acompanhados clinicamente, com pontuação na tabela AOFAS, pelo mesmo grupo de cirurgiões. RESULTADOS: Houve 73% de resultados satisfatórios, média de 75,4 pontos, e 27% de insatisfatórios. CONCLUSÃO: A adequada redução das fraturas representa fator importante para que o paciente não tenha dor e edema residual. As fraturas do tipo depressão central foram as que resultaram em menor pontuação funcional. O não restabelecimento do ângulo de Böhler também levou a importantes alterações funcionais.OBJECTIVE: To perform a clinical and functional evaluation of intra-articular fractures of the calcaneus treated surgically by the Group of Foot and Ankle Surgery at the Cajuru University Hospital from January 2001 to December 2006. METHODS: 107 patients, with 113 fractures, were submitted to treatment according to the Essex-Lopresti classification: in the tongue type fractures or central depression fractures with intra-articular comminution, open reduction and internal fixation with calcaneus plates (Synthes®) or Double H were used; for the other central depression type of fractures, the authors resorted to the minimally invasive treatment, and in tongue type fractures, percutaneous treatment was preferred. The patients were evaluated and clinically followed-up by the same group of surgeons, with evaluation scores according to the AOFAS table. RESULTS: 73% of satisfactory results, with a mean of 75.4 score points, and 27% unsatisfactory results. CONCLUSION: Adequate reduction of the fractures is an important factor to prevent pain and residual edema. Central depression type of fractures were those that had the lowest functional score. Non-reestablishment of the Böhler angle also culminated in relevant functional alterations.

OBJETIVOS: Avaliar pacientes com fraturas articulares do calcâneo tratados entre dezembro de 2000 e agosto de 2007 por técnica cirúrgica minimamente invasiva, com ênfase nos resultados e complicações. MÉTODOS: Estudo retrospectivo de 21 pacientes com 22 fraturas desviadas do calcâneo, tratadas com redução aberta ou fechada e fixação mínima. Nos 16 pacientes nos quais foi necessária a redução aberta, utilizou-se o acesso lateral direto e em nenhum placas ou enxerto ósseo. RESULTADOS: O seguimento médio foi de três anos variando de seis a 82 meses. Foram empregados os métodos Maryland Foot Score e o escore de retropé da American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society para avaliação clínica dos pacientes. Dezenove pés (86,4%) tiveram resultados bons/excelentes e três pés (13,6%), resultados regular/ruim. Nenhum paciente apresentou complicação aguda da ferida cirúrgica, seja necrose de partes moles ou infecção. CONCLUSÃO: As técnicas cirúrgicas menos invasivas e fixações mínimas permitem resultados clínicos similares àqueles das técnicas mais agressivas, sem, entretanto, incidir em significativo número de complicações em partes moles e infecções.OBJECTIVE: To evaluate patients with articular fractures of the calcaneus treated between December 2000 and August 2007 by minimally invasive surgical technique, with emphasis on results and complications. METHODS: Retrospective study of 21 patients with 22 displaced fractures of the calcaneus, treated with open or closed reduction and minimal fixation. In the 16 patients for whom open reduction was required, right lateral access was used and plates or bone grafting were not used at all. RESULTS: Mean follow-up was three years, varying from 6 to 82 months. The Maryland Foot Score and the hindfoot score of the American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society were used in the clinical evaluation of the patients. Nineteen feet (86.4%) had good/excellent results and three feet (13.6%) had regular/poor results. No patient had an acute complication of the surgical wound, either soft tissue necrosis or infection. CONCLUSION: Less invasive surgical techniques and minimal fixation allow for clinical results similar to those of more aggressive techniques, but without having a significant number of complications in soft tissues or infections.

Observa-se uma forte tendência de envelhecimento da população mundial levando a um aumento da prevalência de doenças como a osteoporose e fraturas. O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar a prevalência de risco para fraturas estimado pela ultra-sonometria óssea de calcâneo em uma população de mulheres na pós-menopausa, residentes na Ilha de Paquetá, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. Realizamos medidas antropométricas e ultra-sonometria óssea de calcâneo com aparelho Sonost 2000 em 385 mulheres pós-menopausadas. Observamos que 59,22% da amostra apresentava T-score < -1, sendo que 16,88% tinham T-score < -2,5. Houve variação em todos os parâmetros do exame conforme o aumento da idade, e diferença estatisticamente significativa (p < 0,05) entre os grupos de risco para fratura por idade, tempo de menopausa, peso, IMC e percentual de gordura corpórea. Houve correlação entre velocidade do som e IMC (r = 0,155; p = 0,002). Concluímos que cerca de 60% da população feminina estudada apresenta algum grau de risco para fraturas. As mulheres do grupo de maior risco (T-score < -2,5) eram mais velhas, com maior tempo de menopausa, maior peso e IMC do que as dos outros grupos.A strong aging tendency is currently being observed in the world population, leading to an increase n the prevalence of such diseases as osteoporosis and fractures. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of fracture risk, estimated by quantitative ultrasound of the calcaneus in a population of postmenopausal women residing in the Ilha de Paquetá neighborhood of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. We conducted anthropometric measurements and quantitative ultrasound of the calcaneus using Sonost 2000 in 385 postmenopausal women. Some 59.22% of the sample showed a T-score < -1, while 16.88% had T-score < -2.5. The test parameters varied with increasing age, with a statistically significant difference (p < 0.05) between fracture risk groups according to age, time since menopause, weight, BMI, and body fat. There was a correlation between sound velocity and BMI (r = 0.155; p = 0.002). We concluded that some 60% of the female study population showed some degree of fracture risk. The women at highest risk (T-score < -2.5) were older, with more time since menopause, and had higher weight and BMI as compared to the other groups.

Anatomical variations in terms of ligamentous attachments, articulations and bony morphology are common in the subtalar region. The shape of the articular facets of the talus and calcaneus and their relationship to each other are important for joint function and surgical procedures. In this study an assessment of the morphology of the articular facets of the talus and calcaneus, in an Anatolian population, was undertaken. 49 tali and 57 calcanei from Anatolian adults of unknown gender were examined. The types of articular facets on the talus and calcaneus were determined using the following classification: Type A1, the distance between the anterior and middle facets was less than 2 mm; Type A2, the distance between the anterior and middle facets was 2-5 mm; Type A3, the distance between the anterior and middle facets was more than 5 mm; Type A4, there was only one articular facet; Type B1, the separation between the anterior and middle facets was not complete; Type B2, separation of the anterior and middle facets was present; Type C, no separation between the anterior, middle and posterior facets was present, i.e. there was one articular facet. In addition, the anteroposterior length and width of the talus and calcaneus, together with the width, length and depth of sulcus tali and sulcus calcanei were determined. Left and right tali, respectively, displayed the folowing types of articular facet: A1, 0 %, 0 %; A2, 0 %, 3,4 %; A3, 0 %, 0 %; A4, 0 %, 0 %; B1, 60 %, 51,8 %; and B2, 40 %, 44.8 %. Articular facets on left and right calcanei, respectively, were: A1, 10 %, 7.4 %; A2, 10 %, 14.8 %; A3, 16.7 %, 11.1 %; A4, 3.3 %, 3.7 %; B1, 30 %, 22.2 %; B2, 30 %, 40.8 %. The length and width of left and right tali were 50.5±3.81 mm and 39.5±2.97 mm, and 53.1±4.38 mm and 39.3±3.66 mm, respectively. The width, length and depth of left and right sulcus tali were: 5.2±1.09 mm, 21.7±2.73 mm and 5.7±0.84 mm, and 6.1±2.05 mm, 21.1±3.66 mm and 5.7±1.52 mm, respectively. For left and right calcanei length and width were; 76.1±5.44 mm 44.0±3.97 mm, and 75.7±6.76 mm and 45.9±4.21 mm, respectively. The width, length and depth of left and right sulcus calcanei were: 6.4±1.19 mm, 31.9±2.76 mm and 4.0±0.81 mm, and 5.5±1.00 mm, 32.4±3.23 mm and 4.4±1.05 mm, respectively. The articular facets on both the talus and calcaneus in the Anatolian population studied was predominantly type B. This observations is similar to previous reports conducted in America, India and Africa, but differ from those undertaken in Europe. A knowledge of variations of the articular facets of the talus and calcaneus provides a valuable road map for orthopaedic surgeons, as well as others involved in foot rehabilitation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The mini-invasive technique, through a sinus tarsi approach (STA), has become an increasingly popular choice for the treatment of calcaneal fractures. However, despite the good results reported, the complications related with internal fixation have not yet been analyzed. Using 3D reconstruction CT scans, we proposed doing biometric description of the calcaneus with the purpose of performing osteosynthesis as treatment for calcaneal fractures. Methods: A total of 24 CT scans were retrospectively obtained from 22 consecutive patients with healthy calcanei and no history of surgery or fracture. They included 18 males and 4 females; 14 right and 10 left calcanei. Mean age was 45.8 (range 19-79). The width and length of the screws needed to fix a calcaneal fracture with a predefined montage were measured. Results: The results focus on biometric measurements obtained from CT scans that may help surgeons achieve proper positioning, angulation and length of the screws needed for the internal fixation of calcaneal fractures. Conclusion: This study describes a series of biometric calcaneal measurements that are useful for the internal fixation of calcaneal fractures using a sinus tarsi approach. The purpose is to minimize the complications resulting from osteosynthesis to treat these fractures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fraturas do calcâneo correspondem a 2% do total de fraturas do corpo humano. Apresentam acentuada importância social e grande impacto econômico, pois ocorrem em indivíduos economicamente ativos. Para reconhecer a evolução das fraturas intra-articulares desviadas do calcâneo, um estudo retrospectivo é apresentado. A amostra constituiu-se de 71 doentes com fratura de calcâneo intra-articular desviada, 63 homens (88,73%) e 8 mulheres (11,27%). A idade esteve entre 14 e 74 anos. Conforme a escala de ESSEX-LOPRESTI, 55 delas eram do tipo depressão articular (77,46%) e 16 do tipo em língua (22,54%). A incisão mais usada foi a lateral em L (91,55%). Sessenta e uma das fraturas foram fixadas com placa "duplo H" (85,92%), 9 necessitaram apenas de parafusos (12,68%) e uma delas foi fixada com fios de Kirschner. Sete fraturas necessitaram de enxerto ósseo (9,86%). O tempo médio de seguimento foi de 11,59 ± 6,72 meses. Complicações precoces estiveram presentes em 33,82% dos doentes sendo mais comum a infecção e a necrose de pele. Complicações tardias foram identificadas em 63,38% dos doentes, principalmente edema residual e artrose. A incidência de complicações tardias não esteve relacionada ao tipo de fratura. As fraturas do tipo depressão articular contribuíram para a maior limitação das atividades (p=0,0315). O ângulo de Böhler, medido no pós-operatório, apresentou relação direta com o resultado final e ângulos menores do que 20 graus determinam maior incidência de maus resultados (p=0,0111). Observando a escala AOFAS, 59,26% de todos os doentes, evoluíram com bons e excelentes resultados.Fractures of the calcaneus account for 2% of all human body fractures. They present a strong social importance and a great economical impact, because they affect economically active individuals. In order to recognize the evolution of calcaneus intra-joint fractures evolution, a retrospective study is presented here. The sample was constituted by 71 patients with deviated intra-joint fractures of the calcaneus, being 63 males (88.73%) and 8 females (11.27%). Ages ranged 14 to 74 years old. According to the ESSEX-LOPRESTI scale, 55 of them were joint-depression type (77.46%) and 16 of tongue-kind 22.54%). The most commonly used incision was the lateral L-shape kind (91.55%). Sixty one fractures were fixed with a "double H" plate (85.92%), 9 required only screws (12.68%) and one was fixed with Kirschner wire. Seven fractures required bone graft (9.86%). The average follow-up time was 11.59 ± 6.72 months. Early complications were present in 33.82% of the patients, the most common ones were infections and necrosis of the skin. Late complications were identified in 63.38% of the patients, the most common ones being residual edema and arthrosis. The incidence of late complications was not related to the type of fracture. Joint-depression type fractures contributed to a greater restraint of activities (p=0.0315). The Böhler angle, postoperatively measured, showed a direct relationship with the final outcome, and angles smaller than 20 degrees determine a greater incidence of poor results (p=0.0111). According to the AOFAS scale, 59.26% of all patients developed good and excellent results.

O presente estudo teve o objetivo de oferecer uma avaliação clínica, radiográfica e biomecânica de pacientes com fratura intraarticular de calcâneo, submetidos à redução aberta e fixação interna. A amostra consistiu em 22 pacientes, 20 do sexo masculino e dois do sexo feminino, com idade média de 40,95 (± 11,63) anos. Os autores realizaram avaliações radiográficas do ângulo de Böhler e Gissane, no pré e no pós-operatório, além de utilizarem a tomografia computadorizada para avaliação da classificação de Sanders. A avaliação da Distribuição da Pressão Plantar foi realizada pelo sistema F-scan. Os resultados clínicos encontrados foram satisfatórios apresentando, pontuação média de 75,5 no critério da AOFAS.. A redução cirúrgica resultou em uma melhora dos ângulos de Böhler e Gissane. O estudo mostrou diferenças estatisticamente significantes entre o antepé o retropé fraturados no que tange sobre a área de contato, pressão e força de reação do solo. Os valores encontrados para estes parâmetros foram maiores no retropé que no antepé fraturados. A trajetória de Pressão (COP) foi menor no pé fraturado que no pé normal. Encontrou-se correlação entre o Ângulo de Gissane após a redução e o Segundo Pico de Força, indicando que quanto melhor a redução deste ângulo , melhor a impulsão. Também encontrou-se a correlação entre a pontuação AOFAS e o Primeiro Pico de Força, mostrando que quanto melhor o resultado clínico melhor o apoio do retropé.