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Introduction: This study examines the health problems and healthcare needs of refugee and asylum‐seeker children and aims to develop strategies for improvement. Methods: Based on quantitative data from 448 refugee and asylum‐seeker children and 222 non‐refugee local children, this study was conducted at Düzce University, Department of Paediatrics, between 2010 and 2021. The refugee children originated from three countries: Iraq (n = 304), Syria (n = 101) and Afghanistan (n = 43). The data were analysed using the SPSS data analysis program. Ethical clearance was obtained from the Ethics Committee of Düzce Üniversity. Results: The results suggest that refugee and asylum‐seeker children have significantly higher rates of acute illness or infection, malnutrition (p < 0.001) and anaemia (p < 0.001) than local children as a result of living in overcrowded families (p = 0.017) and unhealthy conditions. Adolescent pregnancy (p = 0.049) emerges as an important social problem as a result of child marriage among refugee children, mostly in the form of consanguineous marriages (p < 0.001). The rate of having at least two adolescent pregnancies (under 18) was highest among Syrian refugee girls (p = 0.01). Although refugee and asylum‐seeker children have higher rates of health insurance (between 74% and 95%), they have lower rates of insurance compared to local children. This research also compares the data from three nationalities, including Syria, Afghanistan and Iraq children; Iraqi and Afghan children under the international protection (IP) system with limited social support and rights had worse health conditions compared to other groups. Although Iraqi children had the highest rates of health insurance on admission (p < 0.001), they also had higher rates of chronic diseases (p = 0.001), infections (p = 0.004), allergic rhinitis (p = 0.001) and malnutrition (p < 0.001). The youngest age of admission (p = 0.006) and the shortest length of stay (p = 0.004) were for Afghan children who also had higher rates of upper respiratory infections (p = 0.021). Conclusions: This study highlights the urgent need for improved screening programmes and the importance of collaborative efforts to address the specific health needs of these populations. Addressing the health status of child refugees is a complex and multifaceted task that requires the active participation of healthcare professionals, policymakers and researchers, each of whom has a crucial role to play. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Multidrug resistance (MDR) in gram-negative neonatal infections is difficult to manage, and the risk factors differ among different studies. Therefore, we aim to investigate the demographics, mortality, MDR status of gram-negative isolates, and risk factors for MDR gram-negative infections. Methods: We conducted a retrospective single-center study about MDR gram-negative infections in neonates between January 2012-January 2022 at Duzce University Hospital in Turkey. This study evaluates neonates with MDR gram-negative infections' risk factors and clinical features. All analyses were performed using IBM SPSS V23. In addition, univariate analyses and multivariate logistic regression models were studied to determine MDR's risk factors. Results: Of 107 gram-negative bacteria, 41 (38.3%) accounted for Enterobacter, 30 (28%) for Klebsiella pneumonia, and 22 (20.6%) for Escherichia coli. Additionally, 61 (56.5%) were MDR microorganisms. Among the susceptibility tests performed for selected isolates, 41 (77.4%) had resistance to piperacillin, 57 (75%) showed resistance to amoxiclav, and 16 (72.7%) had cefoxitin resistance. In addition, carbapenemase resistance was found in 24 (43.6%) and meropenem resistance in 13 (36.1%). Colistin, aztreonam, and tigecycline resistances were the least frequent. In addition, the following dependent risk factors increased the multidrug resistance risk in gram-negative infections; late-onset sepsis 3.547 fold (p=0.005), use of mechanical ventilation 3.143 fold (p=0.007), blood transfusion 3.587 fold (p=0.013), bronchopulmonary dysplasia 6.702 fold, (p= 0.015) and total parenteral nutrition 5.591 fold (p=0.001), lower gestational age 1.122 (1/0.891) fold (p=0.026), and birth weight 1.001 (1/0.999) fold, (p=0.013). Similarly, antibiotherapy duration was significantly higher in the MDR group than in the non-MDR group. Conclusions: The reported risk factors for MDR in gram-negative neonatal infections are all dependent risk factors. Hence clinicians must be alert to all potential risk factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]