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Cambridge University Library holds an Arabic manuscript of The Thousand and One Nights (Ms Qq.106–109). The library records it as entering the collection in 1819 and codicological evidence shows that the manuscript was copied in Cairo in the early 19th century. This paper discusses the complex narrative of its acquisition, including the roles played by prominent travellers and collectors. The significance of the text of the 'Nights' and its popularity in England and Europe are also examined as are the factors that made the Arabic text of this work much sought-after at the time. The influence of the contemporary political situation, the conditions of travel in the Middle East, and the individuals involved with the text's acquisition are described, focusing on those with a Cambridge connection. A detailed analysis of the activities and twists of fate resulting in the acquisition of this particular manuscript are traced in contemporary sources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In rapidly urbanizing regions, enhancing passenger comfort in subway systems through sustainable methods is a critical challenge. This study introduces an innovative exploration of the impact of subway entrance geometry on natural ventilation and its subsequent effects on the thermal environment within Cairo's subway system. The primary objective is to identify optimal entrance configurations that maximize natural airflow, thereby improving passenger comfort and reducing energy consumption. Focusing on the newly constructed segments of the Cairo subway, the research employs a mixed-methods approach that integrates computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations with a questionnaire survey to evaluate interactions between various entrance designs and urban wind flow patterns. This dual approach allows for a comprehensive assessment of how different geometrical configurations influence the capture and distribution of prevailing winds. The results indicate that specific entrance geometries can significantly enhance ventilation efficiency by optimizing wind capture and distribution. The most effective designs demonstrated substantial improvements in air quality and thermal comfort, providing practical insights for subway systems in similar hot arid climates. The novelty of this research lies in its detailed analysis of architectural elements to leverage natural environmental conditions for improving indoor air quality and thermal comfort in public transit systems. The significance of this study is its contribution to the field of sustainable urban transport, offering a valuable framework for urban planners and engineers. By demonstrating how thoughtful design can lead to energy savings and enhanced passenger experiences, this research advances the discourse on sustainable urban infrastructure. This work not only enhances theoretical understanding but also provides actionable recommendations for creating more sustainable and comfortable public transit infrastructures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article provides a comprehensive analysis of the application of green neighborhood rating systems, specifically Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design-Neighborhood Development (LEED-ND) and Building Research Foundation Environmental Assessment Method (BREEAM)-Communities, in the context of Cairo, Egypt, focusing on Al Rehab City, a prominent urban area in New Cairo. The study begins by providing a background on Al-Rehab City, explaining its strategic planning, urban design, and demographic dynamics. It then delves into the current state of sustainable urban planning in Egypt, highlighting the challenges and opportunities that exist in this rapidly urbanizing context. The core of the article includes a comparative analysis of LEED-ND and BREEAM communities, assessing their adaptability and relevance to the Egyptian urban landscape, especially Al Rehab City. It explores many sustainability issues such as smart location, neighborhood pattern and design, green infrastructure, sustainable transportation, energy efficiency, water conservation, waste management, and community engagement. The discussion extends to examine how each of these aspects of sustainability applies to Al Rehab City, complemented by case studies and examples of current sustainable practices in Cairo. Furthermore, the article identifies specific local challenges in implementing these assessment systems, such as economic constraints, policy constraints, and cultural factors. It also suggests opportunities for improvement, including the potential for public–private partnerships, policy reforms, community engagement, technological innovation, and sustainable urban development modeling. In conclusion, the article provides insight into the future prospects of green urban planning in Cairo. The potential impact of adopting comprehensive assessment systems is discussed, with an emphasis on the role of Al Rehab City as a potential model for sustainable urban development in Egypt and the wider MENA region. The article aims to contribute to the discourse on sustainable urban planning, and provide a roadmap for integrating global sustainability standards into the unique context of Egyptian cities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The persistent presence of the plague, following the first wave of the Black Death in the 14th century AD, continued to affect human societies. In the 15th century, this disease had destructive effects on the social situation of the cities of Herat during the Timurid period and Cairo during the Mamluk era, as they were administrative centers of government and centers of various social classes. The present research, employing a descriptive-analytical approach, aims to compare the social consequences of the disease in these two cities. The findings of this study show that, despite the absence of a well-equipped hospital like the one in Cairo, Herat suffered less devastation from the disease due to the construction of a hospital after estimating the plague casualties and its geographical extent. The mortality rate in Herat was significantly lower, and its population structure underwent fewer changes. This is because Herat had recently been chosen as the capital under Shahrukh’s rule, which led to a transition from a nomadic to a settled lifestyle, resulting in a lower population density than Cairo. Herat’s mountainous climate and limited trade accessibility through land routes made it less susceptible to recurrent disease outbreaks and their enduring adverse effects. Conversely, Cairo’s hot, humid climate, flourishing maritime trade, and dependence on land and agriculture contributed to its economic recession during the plague. The economy of Herat, still a young city in the 15th century, was less vulnerable to economic recession due to the plague.

To introduce an approximately idea of distinct Cairene Downtown; as an international city between the Two World Wars, this paper examines the alliance between the traditional and the modern cities. It provides fundamentally an analytical historical background of the city’s urban life by discussing the major events of that period, its decline and changes, and the gradually increasing European intervention. Such relevant influences, development aspects, population expansion and building boom, structure and traffic; all these factors had a distinguished impact on Cairo’s urbanism and architecture. The basis for this vision is quoted from selected novels compiled by Yahya Hakki and Naguib Mahfouz, which illustrates the traditional city at the time, and provides glimpses of intimacy into Cairo in a fast transitional period which is still in progress. The exhaustive description of places, streets and districts, depicted in precise detail are extracted. The foreigners’ empathy about Cairo recorded in the travelers’ guidebooks during the same period, and which could be contradictory to the Egyptian fascination towards modernization, is also reviewed, to show the discrepancy between the two views that of westerners versus that of locals. This paper discusses briefly the distinct reactions towards the changes of the traditional and modern cities. Also, this paper examines the outcome of the European’s interpretation with respect to the relation between the old traditional and the new modern cities that constitute Cairo’s overall image. This is ended by the outcome of such a phenomenon characterized by the appearance of two diversified cities in Cairo. لتقديم فكرة تقريبية عن وسط مدينة القاهرة المتميز، والذي يعتبر مدينة عالمية خلال الفترة ما بين الحربين العالميتين، تتناول هذه الورقة العلاقة بين المدن التقليدية والحديثة. وهو يقدم بشكل أساسي خلفية تاريخية تحليلية للحياة الحضرية في المدينة من خلال مناقشة الأحداث الكبرى في تلك الفترة، وتراجعها وتغيراتها، والتدخل الأوروبي المتزايد تدريجيا في البلاد. بجانب التأثيرات ذات الصلة، وجوانب التنمية، والتوسع السكاني والطفرة العمرانية، والبنية وحركة المرور؛ وكان لكل هذه العوامل تأثير مميز على عمران وعمارة القاهرة. وأساس هذه الرؤية مقتبس من روايات مختارة جمعها كلا من الاديبين يحيى حقي ونجيب محفوظ، والتي توضح حياة المدينة القديمة في ذلك الوقت، وتقدم لمحات من العلاقة الحميمة بالقاهرة في فترة انتقالية سريعة والتي لا تزال مستمرة. يتم استخلاص الوصف الشامل للأماكن والشوارع والأحياء، والموضحة بتفاصيل دقيقة. كما سيتم استعراض تعاطف الأجانب مع القاهرة والمسجل في أدلة الرحالة خلال نفس الفترة، والذي قد يتعارض مع انجذاب وميل المصريين نحو التحديث. لذلك تتناول هذه الورقة بإيجاز ردود الفعل المتميزة تجاه التغيرات في الصورة العامة للمدن التقليدية والحديثة. كما تتناول هذه الورقة نتائج التفسير الغربيفيما يتعلق بالعلاقة بين المدن التقليدية القديمة والمدن الحديثة الجديدة والتي تشكل الصورة العامة للقاهرة. وينتهي ذلك بنتيجة هذه الظاهرة التي تتميز بظهور مدينتين متنوعتين في داخل القاهرة.

With the massive ongoing efforts to mitigate climate change and reduce emission factors in the transportation sector, driving cycles (DCs) are becoming an essential tool for the testing and certification of distinct types of vehicles. Nevertheless, the open literature lacks careful comparative studies on the impact of different approaches in the development of Markov chain (MC)-based DCs, as well as DCs, developed specifically for the developing and highly congested urban areas in the Middle East and North Africa. Using a large dataset of 43 light-duty vehicles, driven over different areas in Greater Cairo, Egypt, this study aims to develop, compare, and benchmark 24 candidate MC-based DCs, against two clustering-based DCs, as well as four cycles used widely in the US and Europe. These 24 DCs differ in terms of the clustering algorithm (K-medoids and K-means), clustering parameters (different combinations of vehicle's speed, acceleration, specific power, and percentage idling time), and definitions of microtrips (start-stop and fixed distance). The results show that the MC method outperforms random chaining of microtrips, with average relative root mean square errors (RRMSEs) of 15.8% and 23.6%, respectively. Clustering 350 m fixed distance-based microtrips using the vehicle's speed, acceleration, and percentage idling time shows the least RRMSE of 8.207%. Defining microtrips based on fixed distance is also better than starts/stops for most vehicle types. The reference cycles (WLTP, NEDC, UDDS, and FTP-17) showed poor representativeness of the real-world data, with an average RRMSE of 76.8%. The same inferior performance of reference cycles, compared to the newly proposed ones, was also highlighted in the estimation of fuel consumption and emission factors. Hence, the proposed cycles and the reported comparative studies can be valuable tools for the assessment of emissions and fuel consumption in such developing metropolitan areas. Highlights 24 Markov chain driving cycles are developed and benchmarked for Cairo, Egypt. Markov chain method outperforms the random chaining of microtrips. The best-performing cycle has a relative root mean square error of 8.2%. The best cycle clusters microtrips based on speed, acceleration, and idling time. The proposed cycle is superior to WLTP, NEDC, UDDS, and FTP-17 for Cairo. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The persistent presence of the plague, following the first wave of the Black Death in the 14th century AD, continued to affect human societies. In the 15th century, this disease had destructive effects on the social situation of the cities of Herat during the Timurid period and Cairo during the Mamluk era, as they were administrative centers of government and centers of various social classes. The present research, employing a descriptive-analytical approach, aims to compare the social consequences of the disease in these two cities. The findings of this study show that, despite the absence of a well-equipped hospital like the one in Cairo, Herat suffered less devastation from the disease due to the construction of a hospital after estimating the plague casualties and its geographical extent. The mortality rate in Herat was significantly lower, and its population structure underwent fewer changes. This is because Herat had recently been chosen as the capital under Shahrukh’s rule, which led to a transition from a nomadic to a settled lifestyle, resulting in a lower population density than Cairo. Herat’s mountainous climate and limited trade accessibility through land routes made it less susceptible to recurrent disease outbreaks and their enduring adverse effects. Conversely, Cairo’s hot, humid climate, flourishing maritime trade, and dependence on land and agriculture contributed to its economic recession during the plague. The economy of Herat, still a young city in the 15th century, was less vulnerable to economic recession due to the plague. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Diabetic health literacy, encompassing knowledge, motivation, and the ability to access, understand, evaluate, and apply healthcare information, is a crucial non-clinical factor in diabetes management. Objective: To evaluate the health literacy levels in diabetic patients and its impact on retinal health, including a complete epidemiological profile of the participants. Subjects and Methods: This observational descriptive cross-sectional study included 500 Egyptian diabetic patients attending the Ophthalmology outpatient clinic at Al-Azhar University Hospitals from November 2022 to September 2023. Participants underwent a comprehensive evaluation including a specially designed questionnaire based on the European Health Literacy Survey (HLS-EU), thorough medical history, complete ophthalmological examination, fundus photography, and laboratory tests as needed. Results: There was a statistically significant correlation between health literacy levels and education, BMI, treatment compliance, and the presence of retinopathy (p<0.05). Among the patients, 320 (64%) had no retinopathy. The percentage of patients with adequate health literacy (excellent and sufficient) was 44.6%, while 55.4% had inadequate health literacy (problematic and inadequate). In patients with diabetic retinopathy, only 22.8% had adequate health literacy. For those with severe diabetic retinopathy, the percentage dropped to 9.2%. Among patients without diabetic retinopathy, 57% had adequate health literacy, whereas 43% had inadequate levels. Conclusion: Health literacy is significantly associated with diabetic retinopathy, treatment compliance, BMI, and education levels in diabetic patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Urban Research is the property of Journal of Urban Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

A Dār is a space that offers various courses and programmes that teach the Quran, the Hadith and the different branches of Islamic knowledge that derive from, and are in conversation with, both. The question this article intends to explore is: what is the Dār? It does so by looking at the temporal and geographic context the Dār exists in, and how it is situated historically, as well as its everyday rhythms. The vignettes presented throughout the article provide insight into the ways in which a space of knowledge can exist, teasing the bounds of structure, order and rigidity, allowing us to explore potential imaginaries to the ways we have experienced, and the ways we imagine, Islamic spaces of knowledge to be. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To determine the frequency and pattern of ocular manifestations including uveitis associated with Behcet's disease (BD) in patients referred to a hospital-based tertiary care eye unit. This study included BD patients referred to the Uveitis Clinic, Cairo University Hospitals. Patterns of systemic and ocular disease were documented. Treatment and complications occurring during follow-up were added. The study included 113 patients (208 eyes). 86 % were males and 14 % females. Their mean age was 32.1 ± 9.5 years. Time lapse from diagnosis to referral was 3.8 ± 4.9 years. 15.9 % had unilateral eye involvement and 84.1 % bilateral. Most common presentation was panuveitis in 64.4 % of eyes, whereas 22.6 % presented with isolated posterior uveitis and 12 % with anterior uveitis. Vasculitis was a common finding at presentation in 27.4 %. During the course of ocular disease the most frequent complication was cataract in 27.4 % and 33 % of patients did not develop complications. At presentation, 47.6 % of eyes were worsening despite treatment, 28.8 % were stationary, 16.3 % were controlled and 7.2 % were improving. The mean best corrected visual acuity dropped from 0.48 ± 2.36 to 0.29 ± 0.32 between presentation and last follow up. Visual acuity was significantly reduced in those with panuveitis and optic neuritis (p < 0.001). End-stage eye disease was present in 7.2 % at presentation. Ocular Behcet's is a frequent finding, especially panuveitis. Retinal vasculitis is not uncommon. Delayed referral to tertiary care eye unit remains a loop hole in the health care system. Cataract is a common complication during the course of the disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While visual communication is crucial in urban planning, there is a gap in understanding how dominant narratives and visuals affect professional planning practice and planners’ roles, particularly in mediatized urban environments. This study addresses this gap by examining street billboards in Cairo to understand how planning visualizations contribute to the restructuring of the planning profession. It explores how these visual tools shape the practice and roles of urban planners, who are increasingly becoming visualizers. Employing actor-network theory, the study traces the relationships between billboards, planners, and other network actors. The primary research question is: How and why does the use of planning visualizations (billboards) restructure the profession of planning, including planning practice and the roles of planners? Utilizing a qualitative exploratory methodology, the study focuses on billboards along Cairo’s 6th of October Bridge. Data were analyzed through visual and content analysis of 209 billboards to understand their language, content, patterns, and geo-positioning. The analysis revealed that billboards in Cairo significantly impact urban landscapes and the visual culture of urbanization, often promoting exclusive real estate projects to a socio-economic elite. The research highlights the dilemmas in the changing professional roles of planners within a mediatized world and underscores the need for more inclusive planning practices. By employing actor-network theory, the study provides a nuanced understanding of the complex relationships that shape and are shaped by the visual culture of urban planning, offering insights into how planners can navigate and influence these dynamics for more equitable urban development.

Capital cities struggle with population growth that challenges existing infrastructure and affects the quality of urban life. The failure of local governments to manage urban deterioration motivates active resident groups to improve their neighborhoods, but they struggle to play a role in neighborhood governance in contexts where citizens' engagement in public affairs is restricted. In this article we aim to understand active residents' roles in the neighborhood governance process and how these roles unfold in a context that challenges citizen engagement in public life. We adopted a case study methodology and interviewed active residents and local officials from selected districts in Cairo, which revealed that active residents' influence is limited mostly to neighborhood management and implementation activities. In this limited space, the role of active residents is confined to either that of the 'fixer' who restores existing services, or that of the struggling and intermittent 'self‐provider', neither of whom can influence policy formulation. This study provides a structured and zoomed‐out view of local activism in Cairo, offering a starting point for scholars and decision makers seeking to enhance active residents' roles in Cairo. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Turkey Journal of Theological Studies is the property of Turkey Journal of Theological Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In 2008, the American University in Cairo (AUC) moved from its downtown campus in Tahrir Square to the center of New Cairo. Through an analysis of AUC's historical land acquisitions at Cairo's urban periphery, this article examines how the university sought to influence land use over the past century. We argue that AUC's relatively recent role in New Cairo is an expression of the institution's century-long aspirations to acquire land on Cairo's periphery for a permanent suburban style campus. Drawing on the tools of political ecology and critical university studies, we trace how a suburban desert campus is consistently envisioned as a mechanism for the institution to play a significant role in influencing land politics and use in and beyond its campus. We highlight two key ways that AUC has historically situated itself in the city's development. First, purchasing land in order to relocate to the outskirts of the city has been central to AUC's strategy for accumulating wealth to ensure its long-term presence in Egypt. Second, acquiring large tracts of land for a suburban desert campus has been instrumental to AUC's educational mission to shape its student body, Egyptian society, and the political ecology of desert land in Egypt. Through archival research, we show how AUC's relationship to land positions the university as a significant institutional force in Cairo's rapidly urbanizing desert periphery. This situated case study contributes to an emerging body of scholarship examining the fraught historical and contemporary relationship between universities, land, environmental knowledge, and uneven urbanization in the Middle East and beyond. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Humanities Journal of University of Zakho (HJUOZ) is the property of Humanities Journal of University of Zakho and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Egyptian Journal of Information Sciences is the property of Beni Suef University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Simple Summary: Equids often live and work below welfare standards till exhaustion and die painfully. Euthanasia for humane reasons should be considered in some situations. Scientific evidence on the most common diseases of working equids is still limited. This study aimed to describe the population and disorders of the equids that arrived at the Egypt Equine Aid clinic (Cairo, Egypt) from 2019 to 2022. Secondly, it aimed to find any possible association between physical parameters at admission and outcome (i.e., discharged, euthanasia, or dead). The results of this study showed that working equids suffered mainly from wounds, orthopaedic problems, colics, and infectious diseases. In addition, in the univariable ordinal regression, some easy-to-assess physical parameters, namely the abnormal colour of the mucous membrane, highly increased capillary refill time, and increased heart rate, were associated with the non-survival outcome (i.e., euthanasia or dead). In conclusion, owner education and timely medical assistance in case of need remain the central focus to ensure a life worth living for working equids. This study to our best knowledge represents the first one to describe the disease prevalence of the working equid population around the Cairo area and to identify critical points to improve their quality of life. Working equids are often used to exhaustion, living and dying in conditions below minimal welfare standards. Due to their poor welfare status, euthanasia should be considered in certain conditions. The study aimed to describe the population and the disease frequency of the working equids admitted at an equine clinic in Cairo (i.e., Egypt Equine Aid (EEA)) from 2019 to 2022 and identify possible associations between physical parameters at admission and the outcome. Records of 1360 equids admitted at EEA were reviewed. The majority of the admitted equids were horses (65.6%), followed by donkeys (33%), in particular stallions (68.7%), from 1 to 15 years old (74.8%). Hospitalisation was mainly due to wounds (28.9%), orthopaedic problems (27.4%), colic (8.5%), or infectious diseases (7.4%). The majority of the equids were discharged, but 5.1% died on their own, without human intervention, and 23% were euthanised. Text mining revealed the anamnesis's most frequent words were 'accident', 'lameness', and 'wound'. In addition, owners sometimes reported using inappropriate remedies (e.g., firing) before hospitalisation. Multivariable ordinal regression analysis performed between physical parameters and the outcome (ordered based on severity: discharged, euthanasia, and dead) revealed that sex (male vs. female: OR = 1.33; p < 0.05), colour of the mucous membrane (pathological vs. physiological: OR = 1.72; p < 0.01), and capillary refill time (pathological vs. physiological: OR = 1.42; p = 0.02) increased the likelihood of a non-survival outcome. In conclusion, early euthanasia should be considered for these equids, to minimise prolonged suffering. Moreover, owners' education is recommended to guarantee minimal welfare standards to the working equids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In rapidly urbanizing regions, enhancing passenger comfort in subway systems through sustainable methods is a critical challenge. This study introduces an innovative exploration of the impact of subway entrance geometry on natural ventilation and its subsequent effects on the thermal environment within Cairo’s subway system. The primary objective is to identify optimal entrance configurations that maximize natural airflow, thereby improving passenger comfort and reducing energy consumption. Focusing on the newly constructed segments of the Cairo subway, the research employs a mixed-methods approach that integrates computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations with a questionnaire survey to evaluate interactions between various entrance designs and urban wind flow patterns. This dual approach allows for a comprehensive assessment of how different geometrical configurations influence the capture and distribution of prevailing winds. The results indicate that specific entrance geometries can significantly enhance ventilation efficiency by optimizing wind capture and distribution. The most effective designs demonstrated substantial improvements in air quality and thermal comfort, providing practical insights for subway systems in similar hot arid climates. The novelty of this research lies in its detailed analysis of architectural elements to leverage natural environmental conditions for improving indoor air quality and thermal comfort in public transit systems. The significance of this study is its contribution to the field of sustainable urban transport, offering a valuable framework for urban planners and engineers. By demonstrating how thoughtful design can lead to energy savings and enhanced passenger experiences, this research advances the discourse on sustainable urban infrastructure. This work not only enhances theoretical understanding but also provides actionable recommendations for creating more sustainable and comfortable public transit infrastructures.

This paper deals with three different but interconnected cases of placement, displacement and relocation of Persian literary culture in the Eastern Mediterranean sphere: the reception of a line by Ḥāfiẓ in 1920s Cairo, as represented in a novel by Najīb Maḥfūẓ; a Modern Greek adverb, φαρσί , expressing multilingual fluency and its probable Ottoman roots; a Veneto-Balkanic net of circulation of Persian textual and linguistic heritage, focusing especially on Mostar. As the intertwined case-studies touched upon in this essay clearly show, only deep philological excavations in little-studied local microhistories can properly unearth the still obscure early modern ecology of Persian "between the Adriatic and the Nile". By taking a multilingual approach (in which Persian, Arabic, Turkish, Bosnian, Venetian and Italian are read as a cultural continuum), and looking at the ubiquity of the prestige of Persian against the background of a "significant geography" made of both physical and linguistic spaces we throw a new light—taking a step beyond the sometimes over-used notion of the "Persianate"—on the dynamics of inscriptions of Persian in the early modern Mediterranean and Southern European realities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Architect and advocate of speculative posthuman ecological design Steven Hutt offers new thoughts on the integration of wildlife into our architectures and cities. Awareness of the 'feral' as a design tool, the push and pull between indigenous and non‐indigenous species, and even old ideas of colonialism are all agents in this new posthuman landscape. There are many aspects of this often anti‐ anthropocentric worldview across a variety of scales. Might zoo animals one day be able to decide how we look at them and observe their habits? [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the corner of Mohamed Mahmoud Street and Youssef El-Gendy Street in Cairo, Egypt, to examine the gendered and classed underpinnings of urban processes of securitization, privatization, and beautification during the 25 January Revolution, notably following the 2013 military coup. This particular intersection was the scene of many of the protests that ultimately led to Hosni Mubarak's ouster in February 2011. Throughout the revolutionary process, its walls became a contested site of representation through, on the one hand, graffiti engaging the revolution along the fault lines of gender and class and, on the other hand, its periodical whitewashing by public and private campaigns. Taking up visual cultural production as a primary site of analysis, the article draws on visual ephemera written on this corner between 2011 and 2017, online debates about these changes, and interviews with some of their protagonists to discuss the significance of this place in relation to questions of access to and control of public/private urban spaces, and memory. Adopting a feminist perspective that foregrounds gender and class as the main categories of analysis, it focuses on two particular moments--WOW Unchained in 2015 and Calligraphy Nefertiti in 2017--to investigate the transformation of this area through the erasure of the traces of the revolution via public/private beautification projects articulated around transnational discourses of women's empowerment and neoliberal notions of gender and class respectability, and its implications for Egyptians' access to public space in post-coup Cairo. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In a city such as Cairo, marked by a plethora of construction sites and suspended between past and future, Cairo International Festival for Experimental Theatre (CIFET), now in its thirtieth edition, exemplifies the innovative mindset of the local organizers as well as their willingness to work cooperatively with the international theatre community. Although thirty years of continuity is an important milestone for any cultural event to reach, the Cairo International Festival for Experimental Theatre has also offered a wide range of concrete and consolidated theatrical activities during the entire three decades of its existence. Over the years, festival organizers have welcomed many international guests with great warmth and style, and have sponsored the distribution of books translated into Arabic; the festival program has featured a substantial number of events, meetings, workshops and conferences, while successfully staging three performances per day, all with large audiences. The article provides an overview of the Festival's thirtieth edition, chaired by Sameh Mahran under the diligent direction of Professors Dina Amin and Ayman El Shiwi. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

"Reciprocal spaces," such as windows and balconies, connect the vertical and the horizontal, enable the flow of meanings and feelings, and join with other material artifacts to unite emotionally and socially those who are spatially distant, and socially and emotionally distance those who are spatially proximate. Cairo's balconies reveal that reciprocal spaces allow the gaze to be reoriented, the meaning to be circulated, and the feeling to be shared. They blur the distinction between the subject and the object, the observer and the observed, and the high and the low. Drawing on long‐term ethnographic research in Cairo and informed by the work of Pierre Bourdieu and Karen Barad, this paper shows that the balcony is entangled with other objects, spaces, and people in ways that materialize the socio‐economic hierarchies (especially class and gender), which structure daily practices and constitute urban subjects. Incorporating balconies in ethnographic research, this paper argues, enables us to be in the city while thinking of the city, undermining a dichotomy that has long troubled urban anthropology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While literature produced by Arab women has received sustained academic attention, little commentary exists on the way fiction writing is interspersed with their ordinary lives defined by domesticity. Drawing on ethnographic fieldwork conducted between 2017 and 2020 in Cairo, this article explores fiction writing as a powerful means of midlife self-reinvention among Cairene women. It considers their pursuit of literary careers in light of the recent opening of Egyptian literary markets to new writing publics and as part of women's midlife transition, defined by their emancipation from outdated versions of their gendered selves. Viewing writing as an embodied practice of self-care, the article argues that fiction provides individuals with an "elsewhere" in which they can escape their rigid selves and reimagine their existence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Art History / Sanat Tarihi Dergisi is the property of Ege University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Turcology Research is the property of Ataturk University Coordinatorship of Scientific Journals and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Working equids are often used to exhaustion, living and dying in conditions below minimal welfare standards. Due to their poor welfare status, euthanasia should be considered in certain conditions. The study aimed to describe the population and the disease frequency of the working equids admitted at an equine clinic in Cairo (i.e., Egypt Equine Aid (EEA)) from 2019 to 2022 and identify possible associations between physical parameters at admission and the outcome. Records of 1360 equids admitted at EEA were reviewed. The majority of the admitted equids were horses (65.6%), followed by donkeys (33%), in particular stallions (68.7%), from 1 to 15 years old (74.8%). Hospitalisation was mainly due to wounds (28.9%), orthopaedic problems (27.4%), colic (8.5%), or infectious diseases (7.4%). The majority of the equids were discharged, but 5.1% died on their own, without human intervention, and 23% were euthanised. Text mining revealed the anamnesis’s most frequent words were ‘accident’, ‘lameness’, and ‘wound’. In addition, owners sometimes reported using inappropriate remedies (e.g., firing) before hospitalisation. Multivariable ordinal regression analysis performed between physical parameters and the outcome (ordered based on severity: discharged, euthanasia, and dead) revealed that sex (male vs. female: OR = 1.33; p < 0.05), colour of the mucous membrane (pathological vs. physiological: OR = 1.72; p < 0.01), and capillary refill time (pathological vs. physiological: OR = 1.42; p = 0.02) increased the likelihood of a non-survival outcome. In conclusion, early euthanasia should be considered for these equids, to minimise prolonged suffering. Moreover, owners’ education is recommended to guarantee minimal welfare standards to the working equids.

In the last quarter of the 19th century and the first quarter of the 20th century, many books and treatises dealing with talfīq were written, and many fatwās were issued in parallel. Although the majority of the scholars were against talfīq between the 17-18th centuries, this strong opposition was broken in the last quarter of the 19th century, and some of the scholars living in this period argued that talfīq was permissible. On the other hand, there are also jurists who opposed to talfīq. One of the main references of the jurists who do not accept talfīq on this subject is the views of scholars who are against talfīq in previous centuries. In this half-century period, one of the main reasons for the discussions about talfīq is whether or not one can benefit from it in the codification of Islamic Law. Indeed, the issue of copyright was brought to the agenda during the preparation process, and amendment of Majalla, and this issue was discussed in the draft laws prepared on family law. Especially some prominent scholars of the period, such as Elmalılı Hamdi Efendi, stated that new laws could be made by making talfıq by staying within the tradition of fiqh instead of taking laws from the West. Likewise, in a document criticising Majalla, it was emphasized that talfıq should be used. These discussions about talfīq took place in Istanbul as well as in other important centres of the Islamic world, such as Damascus and Cairo. The city this article will focus on is Cairo. Because in Cairo, the works related to talfīq were given fatwās, and the leading jurists of the period examined this issue from different angles. Inbābī, who was the sheikh of Azhar, touches on the subject of talfīq in his treatise, which he wrote on a question asked about imitation (taqlīd), and opposed it. Similarly, one of his students, Halīcī in the second part of her work, in which he examines the provision of tattooing, examines in depth the issues such as talfīq and its related issues of school boundary-crossing (intiqāl) and pragmatic eclecticism (tatabbu’ al-rukhas) Halīcī is against talfīq like his teacher Inbābī. He justificated his point of view by mentioning the views expressed against talfīq between the 16-18th centuries. In particular, he emphasized that the majority of schools are against talfīq. He emphasizes that Haytamī stated that talfīq is invalid with consensus (ijmā) and that he does not respect the viewpoints of scholars who express an opinion that talfīq is permissible on this issue. Another student of Inbābī, Husaynī, wrote a treatise on imitation, and in this treatise, he dealt with talfīq and its related issues. Husaynī, unlike his teacher Inbābī, has a positive view of talfīq. Husaynī states in his treatise that he will deal with the issue of talfīq from a procedural point of view and does not agree with the claims that talfīq is invalid by consensus. He gives the views of the Emir Sultan about the permission of that talfıq as a reference. Likewise, Muhammad Bahīt, who was among the students of Inbābī and who was the sheikh of Azhar, gives a fatwā regarding the permissibility of talfīq. According to him, as long as it is not contrary to consensus (ijmā), it is permissible to act according to the decree obtained by talfiq. He mentions the views of scholars such as Tarsūsī, Amīr Bādshāh who have a positive view of talfīq. Apart from İnbābi's students, there are many jurists such as Rashīd Redā, Muhammad Mahdī, Shafshāwanī who make evaluations about talfīq. Rashīd Redā deals with the issue of talfīq in his fatwās and the treatise he wrote about imitation and defended the permissibility of talfīq. Likewise, Shafshāwanī who Mālikī jurist, gave a positive fatwā to the talfīq and justified his fatwā with necessity. Hanafī jurist Muhammad Mahdī, w ho w as t he sheikh o f A zhar, w rote a t reatise o n talfīq. He also mentions the subject of talfīq in one of her fatwās. He states in his fatwā that talfīq is invalid. In this study, the copyright debates that took place in Cairo between the last quarter of the 19th century and the first quarter of the 20th century will be discussed. The main purpose of the article is to examine the fact that although there was a very strong opposition to talfīq between the 17th and 18th centuries, this opposition was broken and the main reason behind it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose The aim of this study was to identify the most common causative organisms, treatment modalities, and visual prognosis of cases of endophthalmitis in Cairo University Hospitals, Cairo, Egypt. Patients and methods This was a prospective study that was carried out on consecutive patients presenting with exogenous endophthalmitis to Cairo University Hospital Casualty Unit, Cairo, Egypt, during the period from June 2021 to February 2022. Demographic and clinical characteristics of all patients were collected and analyzed. Vitreous tap was obtained from all patients and cultured. Treatment modalities were tabulated and analyzed. Factors influencing the final visual outcome were studied. Results The study included 31 eyes of 31 patients, with a mean age of 41.8±17.9 years (range=8–69 years). All cases had exogenous endophthalmitis, where 17 were postoperative, 12 posttraumatic, and two postintravitreal injection. Positive vitreous culture was detected in only nine (29%) patients. The most commonly identified organism was Streptococcus pneumoniae (four of nine patients, 44.4%). Cultures were positive for fungi in only two patients. Cultures were positive in 35% of postoperative endophthalmitis and in 25% of posttraumatic endophthalmitis. Treatment modalities included intravitreal antibiotics only (n=15; 48.4%), intravitreal antibiotics and delayed vitrectomy (n=8; 25.8%), immediate vitrectomy (n=7; 22.6%), and evisceration (n=1; 3.2%). The mean follow-up after presentation was 5.1±1.6 months (range=3–9 months). The factors associated with poor visual outcome were older age (P=0.032), history of ocular trauma (P

Background and Aim : Drug abusers are presenting a challenge to the anaesthetist because of the added potential risks involved in the administration of anaesthesia to this subset of patients. In this study, we aimed at screening all patients scheduled for elective orthopaedic, general, vascular, and plastic at the Cairo University Teaching Hospital during a set period of time for the most commonly abused drugs in Egypt. Methods : All patients included in the study were consented for taking part in this study. Each patient was asked to answer a form and submit a urine sample in order to be screened for the most commonly abused drugs in Egypt (hashish, tramadol, benzodiazepine, and morphine). Patients were then followed up both intra and post-operatively. Incidence of drug abuse among those patients was set as primary outcome, intraoperative hemodynamic, Richmond Agitation-Sedation Scale (RASS) scores as well as clinical recovery scores (CRS) were set as secondary outcomes. Results : Out of a total of 1106 patients screened during the study period, only 500 met inclusion criteria and consented to be part of the study. Results showed evidence of drug abuse among 14.4% of study patients, with frequencies of drugs abused as follows: hashish (11.4%); tramadol (5%); benzodiazepines (1.6%); and morphine (0.4%). Most patients that showed evidence of drug abuse were among those scheduled for orthopaedic surgeries, and a higher percentage of them were males. Conclusions : Within the study group, cannabinoids were the most frequent substance of abuse, followed by tramadol and then other opioids.

This work discusses the numerical investigation of dust deposition behaviour on solar PV panels. Moreover, installing vortex generators (VGs) as a passive cleaning method on the PV panels is introduced and analysed. Multiphase computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations are performed to predict the influence of VGs on both the air flow fields and the dust deposition on the basis of the environmental properties of Cairo, Egypt. The dust deposition reduction is predicted for different dust particle sizes and for different VGs sizes to find the optimum VG size that causes the highest reduction. It is found that installing VGs is effective for dust particles that are smaller than 50 µm. The results show that installing VGs will result in a deposition reduction of about 35%. It is concluded that installing VGs is effective in reducing the dust deposition when wind direction is from north, south, east, or west.