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2. Functional Annotation of All Salmonid Genomes (FAASG): an international initiative supporting future salmonid research, conservation and aquaculture

Author

Daniel J. Macqueen, Craig R. Primmer, Ross D. Houston, Barbara F. Nowak, Louis Bernatchez, Steinar Bergseth, William S. Davidson, Cristian Gallardo-Escárate, Tom Goldammer, Yann Guiguen, Patricia Iturra, James W. Kijas, Ben F. Koop, Sigbjørn Lien, Alejandro Maass, Samuel A. M. Martin, Philip McGinnity, Martin Montecino, Kerry A. Naish, Krista M. Nichols, Kristinn Ólafsson, Stig W. Omholt, Yniv Palti, Graham S. Plastow, Caird E. Rexroad, Matthew L. Rise, Rachael J. Ritchie, Simen R. Sandve, Patricia M. Schulte, Alfredo Tello, Rodrigo Vidal, Jon Olav Vik, Anna Wargelius, José Manuel Yáñez, and The FAASG Consortium

Subjects
Salmonid fish, Genome biology, Functional annotation, Comparative biology, Standardized data and metadata, Data sharing, Biotechnology, TP248.13-248.65, Genetics, QH426-470
Abstract

Abstract We describe an emerging initiative - the ‘Functional Annotation of All Salmonid Genomes’ (FAASG), which will leverage the extensive trait diversity that has evolved since a whole genome duplication event in the salmonid ancestor, to develop an integrative understanding of the functional genomic basis of phenotypic variation. The outcomes of FAASG will have diverse applications, ranging from improved understanding of genome evolution, to improving the efficiency and sustainability of aquaculture production, supporting the future of fundamental and applied research in an iconic fish lineage of major societal importance.

Published
2017
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3. A Vision for Development and Utilization of High-Throughput Phenotyping and Big Data Analytics in Livestock

Author

James E. Koltes, John B. Cole, Roxanne Clemmens, Ryan N. Dilger, Luke M. Kramer, Joan K. Lunney, Molly E. McCue, Stephanie D. McKay, Raluca G. Mateescu, Brenda M. Murdoch, Ryan Reuter, Caird E. Rexroad, Guilherme J. M. Rosa, Nick V. L. Serão, Stephen N. White, M. Jennifer Woodward-Greene, Millie Worku, Hongwei Zhang, and James M. Reecy

Subjects
automated phenotyping, precision agriculture, precision livestock farming, phenomics, sensors, Genetics, QH426-470
Abstract

Automated high-throughput phenotyping with sensors, imaging, and other on-farm technologies has resulted in a flood of data that are largely under-utilized. Drastic cost reductions in sequencing and other omics technology have also facilitated the ability for deep phenotyping of livestock at the molecular level. These advances have brought the animal sciences to a cross-roads in data science where increased training is needed to manage, record, and analyze data to generate knowledge and advances in Agriscience related disciplines. This paper describes the opportunities and challenges in using high-throughput phenotyping, “big data,” analytics, and related technologies in the livestock industry based on discussions at the Livestock High-Throughput Phenotyping and Big Data Analytics meeting, held in November 2017 (see: https://www.animalgenome.org/bioinfo/community/workshops/2017/). Critical needs for investments in infrastructure for people (e.g., “big data” training), data (e.g., data transfer, management, and analytics), and technology (e.g., development of low cost sensors) were defined by this group. Though some subgroups of animal science have extensive experience in predictive modeling, cross-training in computer science, statistics, and related disciplines are needed to use big data for diverse applications in the field. Extensive opportunities exist for public and private entities to harness big data to develop valuable research knowledge and products to the benefit of society under the increased demands for food in a rapidly growing population.

Published
2019
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4. Transcriptome assembly, gene annotation and tissue gene expression atlas of the rainbow trout.

Author

Mohamed Salem, Bam Paneru, Rafet Al-Tobasei, Fatima Abdouni, Gary H Thorgaard, Caird E Rexroad, and Jianbo Yao

Subjects
Medicine, Science
Abstract

Efforts to obtain a comprehensive genome sequence for rainbow trout are ongoing and will be complemented by transcriptome information that will enhance genome assembly and annotation. Previously, transcriptome reference sequences were reported using data from different sources. Although the previous work added a great wealth of sequences, a complete and well-annotated transcriptome is still needed. In addition, gene expression in different tissues was not completely addressed in the previous studies. In this study, non-normalized cDNA libraries were sequenced from 13 different tissues of a single doubled haploid rainbow trout from the same source used for the rainbow trout genome sequence. A total of ~1.167 billion paired-end reads were de novo assembled using the Trinity RNA-Seq assembler yielding 474,524 contigs > 500 base-pairs. Of them, 287,593 had homologies to the NCBI non-redundant protein database. The longest contig of each cluster was selected as a reference, yielding 44,990 representative contigs. A total of 4,146 contigs (9.2%), including 710 full-length sequences, did not match any mRNA sequences in the current rainbow trout genome reference. Mapping reads to the reference genome identified an additional 11,843 transcripts not annotated in the genome. A digital gene expression atlas revealed 7,678 housekeeping and 4,021 tissue-specific genes. Expression of about 16,000-32,000 genes (35-71% of the identified genes) accounted for basic and specialized functions of each tissue. White muscle and stomach had the least complex transcriptomes, with high percentages of their total mRNA contributed by a small number of genes. Brain, testis and intestine, in contrast, had complex transcriptomes, with a large numbers of genes involved in their expression patterns. This study provides comprehensive de novo transcriptome information that is suitable for functional and comparative genomics studies in rainbow trout, including annotation of the genome.

Published
2015
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5. Detection and Validation of QTL Affecting Bacterial Cold Water Disease Resistance in Rainbow Trout Using Restriction-Site Associated DNA Sequencing.

Author

Yniv Palti, Roger L Vallejo, Guangtu Gao, Sixin Liu, Alvaro G Hernandez, Caird E Rexroad, and Gregory D Wiens

Subjects
Medicine, Science
Abstract

Bacterial cold water disease (BCWD) causes significant economic loss in salmonid aquaculture. Using microsatellite markers in a genome scan, we previously detected significant and suggestive QTL affecting phenotypic variation in survival following challenge with Flavobacterium psychrophilum, the causative agent of BCWD in rainbow trout. In this study, we performed selective genotyping of SNPs from restriction-site associated DNA (RAD) sequence data from two pedigreed families (2009070 and 2009196) to validate the major QTL from the previous work and to detect new QTL. The use of RAD SNPs in the genome scans increased the number of mapped markers from ~300 to ~5,000 per family. The significant QTL detected in the microsatellites scan on chromosome Omy8 in family 2009070 was validated explaining up to 58% of the phenotypic variance in that family, and in addition, a second QTL was also detected on Omy8. Two novel QTL on Omy11 and 14 were also detected, and the previously suggestive QTL on Omy1, 7 and 25 were also validated in family 2009070. In family 2009196, the microsatellite significant QTL on Omy6 and 12 were validated and a new QTL on Omy8 was detected, but none of the previously detected suggestive QTL were validated. The two Omy8 QTL from family 2009070 and the Omy12 QTL from family 2009196 were found to be co-localized with handling and confinement stress response QTL that our group has previously identified in a separate pedigreed family. With the currently available data we cannot determine if the co-localized QTL are the result of genes with pleiotropic effects or a mere physical proximity on the same chromosome segment. The genetic markers linked to BCWD resistance QTL were used to query the scaffolds of the rainbow trout reference genome assembly and the QTL-positive scaffold sequences were found to include 100 positional candidate genes. Several of the candidate genes located on or near the two Omy8 QTL detected in family 2009070 suggest potential linkages between stress response and the regulation of immune response in rainbow trout.

Published
2015
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6. RNA-seq analysis of early hepatic response to handling and confinement stress in rainbow trout.

Author

Sixin Liu, Guangtu Gao, Yniv Palti, Beth M Cleveland, Gregory M Weber, and Caird E Rexroad

Subjects
Medicine, Science
Abstract

Fish under intensive rearing conditions experience various stressors which have negative impacts on survival, growth, reproduction and fillet quality. Identifying and characterizing the molecular mechanisms underlying stress responses will facilitate the development of strategies that aim to improve animal welfare and aquaculture production efficiency. In this study, we used RNA-seq to identify transcripts which are differentially expressed in the rainbow trout liver in response to handling and confinement stress. These stressors were selected due to their relevance in aquaculture production. Total RNA was extracted from the livers of individual fish in five tanks having eight fish each, including three tanks of fish subjected to a 3 hour handling and confinement stress and two control tanks. Equal amount of total RNA of six individual fish was pooled by tank to create five RNA-seq libraries which were sequenced in one lane of Illumina HiSeq 2000. Three sequencing runs were conducted to obtain a total of 491,570,566 reads which were mapped onto the previously generated stress reference transcriptome to identify 316 differentially expressed transcripts (DETs). Twenty one DETs were selected for qPCR to validate the RNA-seq approach. The fold changes in gene expression identified by RNA-seq and qPCR were highly correlated (R(2) = 0.88). Several gene ontology terms including transcription factor activity and biological process such as glucose metabolic process were enriched among these DETs. Pathways involved in response to handling and confinement stress were implicated by mapping the DETs to reference pathways in the KEGG database.Raw RNA-seq reads have been submitted to the NCBI Short Read Archive under accession number SRP022881.All customized scripts described in this paper are available from Dr. Guangtu Gao or the corresponding author.

Published
2014
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7. Assessment of genetic correlation between bacterial cold water disease resistance and spleen index in a domesticated population of rainbow trout: identification of QTL on chromosome Omy19.

Author

Gregory D Wiens, Roger L Vallejo, Timothy D Leeds, Yniv Palti, Sima Hadidi, Sixin Liu, Jason P Evenhuis, Timothy J Welch, and Caird E Rexroad

Subjects
Medicine, Science
Abstract

Selective breeding of animals for increased disease resistance is an effective strategy to reduce mortality in aquaculture. However, implementation of selective breeding programs is limited by an incomplete understanding of host resistance traits. We previously reported results of a rainbow trout selection program that demonstrated increased survival following challenge with Flavobacterium psychrophilum, the causative agent of bacterial cold water disease (BCWD). Mechanistic study of disease resistance identified a positive phenotypic correlation between post-challenge survival and spleen somatic-index (SI). Herein, we investigated the hypothesis of a genetic correlation between the two traits influenced by colocalizing QTL. We evaluated the inheritance and calculated the genetic correlation in five year-classes of odd- and even-year breeding lines. A total of 322 pedigreed families (n = 25,369 fish) were measured for disease resistance, and 251 families (n = 5,645 fish) were evaluated for SI. Spleen index was moderately heritable in both even-year (h(2) = 0.56±0.18) and odd-year (h(2) = 0.60±0.15) lines. A significant genetic correlation between SI and BCWD resistance was observed in the even-year line (rg = 0.45±0.20, P = 0.03) but not in the odd-year line (rg = 0.16±0.12, P = 0.19). Complex segregation analyses of the even-year line provided evidence of genes with major effect on SI, and a genome scan of a single family, 2008132, detected three significant QTL on chromosomes Omy19, 16 and 5, in addition to ten suggestive QTL. A separate chromosome scan for disease resistance in family 2008132 identified a significant BCWD QTL on Omy19 that was associated with time to death and percent survival. In family 2008132, Omy19 microsatellite alleles that associated with higher disease resistance also associated with increased spleen size raising the hypothesis that closely linked QTL contribute to the correlation between these traits. To our knowledge, this is the first estimation of spleen size heritability and evidence for genetic linkage with specific disease resistance in a teleost fish.

Published
2013
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8. RNA-Seq identifies SNP markers for growth traits in rainbow trout.

Author

Mohamed Salem, Roger L Vallejo, Timothy D Leeds, Yniv Palti, Sixin Liu, Annas Sabbagh, Caird E Rexroad, and Jianbo Yao

Subjects
Medicine, Science
Abstract

Fast growth is an important and highly desired trait, which affects the profitability of food animal production, with feed costs accounting for the largest proportion of production costs. Traditional phenotype-based selection is typically used to select for growth traits; however, genetic improvement is slow over generations. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) explain 90% of the genetic differences between individuals; therefore, they are most suitable for genetic evaluation and strategies that employ molecular genetics for selective breeding. SNPs found within or near a coding sequence are of particular interest because they are more likely to alter the biological function of a protein. We aimed to use SNPs to identify markers and genes associated with genetic variation in growth. RNA-Seq whole-transcriptome analysis of pooled cDNA samples from a population of rainbow trout selected for improved growth versus unselected genetic cohorts (10 fish from 1 full-sib family each) identified SNP markers associated with growth-rate. The allelic imbalances (the ratio between the allele frequencies of the fast growing sample and that of the slow growing sample) were considered at scores >5.0 as an amplification and

Published
2012
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9. Characterization of the rainbow trout egg microRNA transcriptome.

Author

Hao Ma, Mark Hostuttler, Hairong Wei, Caird E Rexroad, and Jianbo Yao

Subjects
Medicine, Science
Abstract

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of endogenous small non-coding RNA molecules that regulate post-transcriptional expression of target genes and play important roles in animal development. The objectives of this study were to characterize the egg miRNA transcriptome and identify novel egg-predominant miRNAs in rainbow trout. Small RNAs isolated from mature unfertilized rainbow trout eggs were subjected to deep sequencing using an Illumina Genome Analyzer. The massive sequencing produced 24,621,741 quality reads, among which, 266 known miRNAs were identified and 230 putatively novel miRNAs were predicted. The most abundantly known miRNAs are let-7 and miR-21, accounting for 24.06% and 18.71% of the known miRNAs, respectively. Other known miRNAs which are abundantly present in eggs include miR-24, miR-202, miR-148, miR-30, miR-10, miR-146, miR-25, and miR-143. Real time PCR analysis using cDNAs derived from 10 tissues validated 87 out of 90 selected putative miRNAs and identified three novel miRNAs predominantly expressed in rainbow trout eggs. Each of these novel egg-predominant miRNAs is predicted to target a significant number of genes, most of which are significantly down-regulated in naturally ovulated rainbow trout eggs based on analysis of publicly available microarray data sets. Quantitative real time PCR analysis also demonstrated low expression of a selected number of target genes in eggs relative to liver and muscle tissues. This study represents the first complete survey of miRNAs in fish eggs and provides a starting point for future studies aimed at understanding the roles of miRNAs in controlling egg quality and early embryogenesis in rainbow trout.

Published
2012
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10. A first generation integrated map of the rainbow trout genome

Author

Palti, Yniv, Genet, Carine, Luo, Ming-Cheng, Charlet, Aurélie, Gao, Guangtu, Hu, Yuqin, Castaño-Sánchez, Cecilia, Tabet-Canale, Kamila, Krieg, Francine, Yao, Jianbo, Vallejo, Roger L, and Rexroad, Caird E

Abstract

Abstract Background Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) are the most-widely cultivated cold freshwater fish in the world and an important model species for many research areas. Coupling great interest in this species as a research model with the need for genetic improvement of aquaculture production efficiency traits justifies the continued development of genomics research resources. Many quantitative trait loci (QTL) have been identified for production and life-history traits in rainbow trout. An integrated physical and genetic map is needed to facilitate fine mapping of QTL and the selection of positional candidate genes for incorporation in marker-assisted selection (MAS) programs for improving rainbow trout aquaculture production. Results The first generation integrated map of the rainbow trout genome is composed of 238 BAC contigs anchored to chromosomes of the genetic map. It covers more than 10% of the genome across segments from all 29 chromosomes. Anchoring of 203 contigs to chromosomes of the National Center for Cool and Cold Water Aquaculture (NCCCWA) genetic map was achieved through mapping of 288 genetic markers derived from BAC end sequences (BES), screening of the BAC library with previously mapped markers and matching of SNPs with BES reads. In addition, 35 contigs were anchored to linkage groups of the INRA (French National Institute of Agricultural Research) genetic map through markers that were not informative for linkage analysis in the NCCCWA mapping panel. The ratio of physical to genetic linkage distances varied substantially among chromosomes and BAC contigs with an average of 3,033 Kb/cM. Conclusions The integrated map described here provides a framework for a robust composite genome map for rainbow trout. This resource is needed for genomic analyses in this research model and economically important species and will facilitate comparative genome mapping with other salmonids and with model fish species. This resource will also facilitate efforts to assemble a whole-genome reference sequence for rainbow trout.

Published
2011

11. A first generation BAC-based physical map of the rainbow trout genome

Author

Palti, Yniv, Luo, Ming-Cheng, Hu, Yuqin, Genet, Carine, You, Frank M, Vallejo, Roger L, Thorgaard, Gary H, Wheeler, Paul A, and Rexroad, Caird E

Abstract

Abstract Background Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) are the most-widely cultivated cold freshwater fish in the world and an important model species for many research areas. Coupling great interest in this species as a research model with the need for genetic improvement of aquaculture production efficiency traits justifies the continued development of genomics research resources. Many quantitative trait loci (QTL) have been identified for production and life-history traits in rainbow trout. A bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) physical map is needed to facilitate fine mapping of QTL and the selection of positional candidate genes for incorporation in marker-assisted selection (MAS) for improving rainbow trout aquaculture production. This resource will also facilitate efforts to obtain and assemble a whole-genome reference sequence for this species. Results The physical map was constructed from DNA fingerprinting of 192,096 BAC clones using the 4-color high-information content fingerprinting (HICF) method. The clones were assembled into physical map contigs using the finger-printing contig (FPC) program. The map is composed of 4,173 contigs and 9,379 singletons. The total number of unique fingerprinting fragments (consensus bands) in contigs is 1,185,157, which corresponds to an estimated physical length of 2.0 Gb. The map assembly was validated by 1) comparison with probe hybridization results and agarose gel fingerprinting contigs; and 2) anchoring large contigs to the microsatellite-based genetic linkage map. Conclusion The production and validation of the first BAC physical map of the rainbow trout genome is described in this paper. We are currently integrating this map with the NCCCWA genetic map using more than 200 microsatellites isolated from BAC end sequences and by identifying BACs that harbor more than 300 previously mapped markers. The availability of an integrated physical and genetic map will enable detailed comparative genome analyses, fine mapping of QTL, positional cloning, selection of positional candidate genes for economically important traits and the incorporation of MAS into rainbow trout breeding programs.

Published
2009

14. The generation of the first chromosome-level de novo genome assembly and the development and validation of a 50K SNP array for the St. John River aquaculture strain of North American Atlantic salmon

Author

Gao, Guangtu, primary, Waldbieser, Geoffrey C, additional, Youngblood, Ramey C, additional, Zhao, Dongyan, additional, Pietrak, Michael R, additional, Allen, Melissa S, additional, Stannard, Jason A, additional, Buchanan, John T, additional, Long, Roseanna L, additional, Milligan, Melissa, additional, Burr, Gary, additional, Mejía-Guerra, Katherine, additional, Sheehan, Moira J, additional, Scheffler, Brian E, additional, Rexroad, Caird E, additional, Peterson, Brian C, additional, and Palti, Yniv, additional

Published
2023
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16. A cost analysis of a 5-day simulation-based learning program for speech-language pathology student training.

Author

Ward, EC, Caird, E, Khanal, S, Kularatna, S, Byrnes, J, Penman, A, Mcallister, S, Baldac, S, Cardell, E, Davenport, R, Davidson, B, Hewat, S, Howells, S, Mccabe, P, Purcell, A, Walters, J, Hill, AE, Ward, EC, Caird, E, Khanal, S, Kularatna, S, Byrnes, J, Penman, A, Mcallister, S, Baldac, S, Cardell, E, Davenport, R, Davidson, B, Hewat, S, Howells, S, Mccabe, P, Purcell, A, Walters, J, and Hill, AE

Abstract

Purpose: There is poor reporting of the cost of simulation and greater transparency is needed. The primary study aim was to conduct a financial analysis of the university/training institution costs associated with a 5-day simulation-based learning program for speech-language pathology students. The secondary aim was to consider the economic costs of the model.Method: Costs associated with the delivery of a 5-day simulation-based learning program for speech-language pathology students from six Australian universities were collected regarding: (a) pre-program training, (b) personnel, (c) room hire, (d) equipment, and (e) consumables. Both financial costs and economic costs (Australian dollar, at June 2017) were calculated per university site, and per student.Result: The simulation program was run 21 times involving 176 students. Average total financial cost per program ranged from $4717 to $11 425, with cost variation primarily attributed to local labour costs and various use of in-kind support. Average financial cost per student was $859 (range $683-$1087), however this was almost double ($1461 per student, range $857-$2019) in the economic cost calculation. Personnel was the largest contributing cost component accounting for 76.6% of financial costs. Personnel was also the highest contributing cost in the economic analysis, followed by room hire.Conclusion: This study provides clarity regarding financial and economic costing for a 5-day simulation-based learning program. These data can help universities consider potential up-front financial costs, and well as strategies for financial cost minimisation, when implementing simulation-based learning within the university context.

Published
2023

17. U.S. Seafood Imports Expand as Domestic Aquaculture Industry Repositions Itself.

Author

Davis, Christopher G. and Rexroad, Caird E.

Subjects
AQUACULTURE industry, SEAFOOD, IMPORTS, FISH culturists, NATURAL resources, ECONOMIC research
Abstract

The U.S. aquaculture industry has undergone significant changes in the past two decades, with a decrease in the number of farms but an increase in sales. Despite fluctuations in the industry, consumer demand for seafood in the United States has steadily grown. To meet this demand, the U.S. has increased its imports of farm-raised and wild-caught fish and seafood. In 2023, the value of U.S. seafood imports was $25.5 billion, with Canada being the largest supplier. Imports make up a significant portion of the seafood consumed domestically, with the U.S. importing over 79% of its seafood in 2020. This increase in imports has put downward pressure on domestic seafood prices, impacting revenue for U.S. aquaculture operations. The National Aquaculture Act of 1980 and subsequent plans have aimed to support the development of aquaculture in the U.S., with ongoing efforts to update and enhance these plans. [Extracted from the article]

Published
2024

19. The generation of the first chromosome-level de-novo genome assembly and the development and validation of a 50K SNP array for North American Atlantic salmon

Author

Guangtu Gao, Geoffrey C. Waldbieser, Ramey C. Youngblood, Dongyan Zhao, Michael R. Pietrak, Melissa S. Allen, Jason A. Stannard, John T. Buchanan, Roseanna L. Long, Melissa Milligan, Gary Burr, Katherine Mejía-Guerra, Moira J. Sheehan, Brian E. Scheffler, Caird E. Rexroad, Brian C. Peterson, and Yniv Palti

Abstract

Given the genetic and genomic differences between Atlantic salmon of European origin and North American (N.A.) origin, it is crucial to develop unique genomic resources for each lineage. Here we describe the resources that we recently developed for genomic and genetic research in N.A. Atlantic salmon. Firstly, a new single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) database for N.A. Atlantic salmon consisting of 3.1 million putative SNPs was generated using data from whole genome resequencing of 80 N.A. Atlantic salmon individuals; Secondly, a high density 50K SNP array enriched for the genic regions of the genome and containing three sex determination and 61 continent of origin markers was developed and validated; Thirdly, a genetic map composed of 27 linkage groups with 36K SNP markers, was generated from 2,512 individuals in 141 full-sib families; Finally, a chromosome level de-novo assembly of a male N.A. Atlantic salmon genome was generated using PacBio long-reads. Information from Hi-C proximity ligation sequences and Bionano optical mapping was used to concatenate the contigs into scaffolds. The assembly contains 1,755 scaffolds and only 1,253 gaps, with a total length of 2.83 Gb and N50 of 17.2 Mb. A BUSCO analysis detected 96.2% of conserved Actinopterygii genes in the assembly and the genetic linkage information was used to guide the formation of 27 chromosome sequences. In contrast, the karyotype of the European Atlantic salmon lineage is composed of 29 chromosomes. Comparative analysis with the reference genome assembly of the European Atlantic salmon confirmed that the karyotype differences between the two linages are caused by a fission in chromosome Ssa01 and three chromosome fusions including the p arm of chromosome Ssa01 with Ssa23, Ssa08 with Ssa29 and Ssa26 with Ssa28. The genomic resources we have generated for Atlantic salmon provide a crucial boost for genetic research and for management of farmed and wild populations in this highly valued species.

Published
2022
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42. Elective cancer surgery in COVID-19–Free surgical pathways during the SARS-cov-2 pandemic: An international, multicenter, comparative cohort study

Author

James C Glasbey, Dmitri Nepogodiev, Joana Ff Simoes, Omar Omar, Elizabeth Li, Mary L Venn, Mohammad Abou Chaar, Vita Capizzi, Daoud Chaudhry, Anant Desai, Jonathan G Edwards, Jonathan P Evans, Marco Fiore, Jose Flavio Videria, Samuel J Ford, Ian Ganyli, Ewen A Griffiths, Rohan R Gujjuri, Angelos G Kolias, Haytham Ma Kaafarani, Ana Minaya-Bravo, Siobhan C McKay, Helen M Mohan, Keith Roberts, Carlos San Miguel-Méndez, Peter Pockney, Richard Shaw, Neil J Smart, Grant D Stewart, Sudha Sundar, Raghavan Vidya, Aneel A Bhangu, James C Glasbey, Omar Omar, Aneel A Bhangu, Kwabena Siaw-Acheampong, Ruth A Benson, Edward Bywater, Daoud Chaudhry, Brett E Dawson, Jonathan P Evans, James C Glasbey, Rohan R Gujjuri, Emily Heritage, Conor S Jones, Sivesh K Kamarajah, Chetan Khatri, Rachel A Khaw, James M Keatley, Andrew Knight, Samuel Lawday, Elizabeth Li, Harvinder S Mann, Ella J Marson, Kenneth A McLean, Siobhan C McKay, Emily C Mills, Dmitri Nepogodiev, Gianluca Pellino, Maria Picciochi, Elliott H Taylor, Abhinav Tiwari, Joana Ff Simoes, Isobel M Trout, Mary L Venn, Richard Jw Wilkin, Aneel A Bhangu, James C Glasbey, Neil J Smart, Ana Minaya-Bravo, Jonathan P Evans, Gaetano Gallo, Susan Moug, Francesco Pata, Peter Pockney, Salomone Di Saverio, Abigail Vallance, Dale Vimalchandran, Ewen A Griffiths, Sivesh K Kamarajah, Richard Pt Evans, Philip Townend, Keith Roberts, Siobhan McKay, John Isaac, Sohei Satoi, John Edwards, Aman S Coonar, Adrian Marchbank, Edward J Caruana, Georgia R Layton, Akshay Patel, Alessandro Brunelli, Samuel Ford, Anant Desai, Alessandro Gronchi, Marco Fiore, Max Almond, Fabio Tirotta, Sinziana Dumitra, Angelos Kolias, Stephen J Price, Daniel M Fountain, Michael D Jenkinson, Peter Hutchinson, Hani J Marcus, Rory J Piper, Laura Lippa, Franco Servadei, Ignatius Esene, Christian Freyschlag, Iuri Neville, Gail Rosseau, Karl Schaller, Andreas K Demetriades, Faith Robertson, Alex Alamri, Richard Shaw, Andrew G Schache, Stuart C Winter, Michael Ho, Paul Nankivell, Juan Rey Biel, Martin Batstone, Ian Ganly, Raghavan Vidya, Alex Wilkins, Jagdeep K Singh, Dinesh Thekinkattil, Sudha Sundar, Christina Fotopoulou, Elaine Leung, Tabassum Khan, Luis Chiva, Jalid Sehouli, Anna Fagotti, Paul Cohen, Murat Gutelkin, Rahel Ghebre, Thomas Konney, Rene Pareja, Rob Bristow, Sean Dowdy, T S Shylasree, R Kottayasamy Seenivasagam, Joe Ng, Keiiji Fujiwara, Grant D Stewart, Benjamin Lamb, Krishna Narahari, Alan McNeill, Alexandra Colquhoun, John McGrath, Steve Bromage, Ravi Barod, Veeru Kasivisvanathan, Tobias Klatte, Joana Ff Simoes, Tom Ef Abbott, Sadi Abukhalaf, Michel Adamina, Adesoji O Ademuyiwa, Arnav Agarwal, Murat Akkulak, Ehab Alameer, Derek Alderson, Felix Alakaloko, Markus Albertsmeiers, Osaid Alser, Muhammad Alshaar, Sattar Alshryda, Alexis P Arnaud, Knut Magne Augestad, Faris Ayasra, José Azevedo, Brittany K Bankhead-Kendall, Emma Barlow, David Beard, Ruth A Benson, Ruth Blanco-Colino, Amanpreet Brar, Ana Minaya-Bravo, Kerry A Breen, Chris Bretherton, Igor Lima Buarque, Joshua Burke, Edward J Caruana, Mohammad Chaar, Sohini Chakrabortee, Peter Christensen, Daniel Cox, Moises Cukier, Miguel F Cunha, Giana H Davidson, Anant Desai, Salomone Di Saverio, Thomas M Drake, John G Edwards, Muhammed Elhadi, Sameh Emile, Shebani Farik, Marco Fiore, J Edward Fitzgerald, Samuel Ford, Tatiana Garmanova, Gaetano Gallo, Dhruv Ghosh, Gustavo Mendonça Ataíde Gomes, Gustavo Grecinos, Ewen A Griffiths, Madalegna GrÜndl, Constantine Halkias, Ewen M Harrison, Intisar Hisham, Peter J Hutchinson, Shelley Hwang, Arda Isik, Michael D Jenkinson, Pascal Jonker, Haytham Ma Kaafarani, Debby Keller, Angelos Kolias, Schelto Kruijff, Ismail Lawani, Hans Lederhuber, Sezai Leventoglu, Andrey Litvin, Andrew Loehrer, Markus W Löffler, Maria Aguilera Lorena, Maria Marta Modolo, Piotr Major, Janet Martin, Hassan N Mashbari, Dennis Mazingi, Symeon Metallidis, Ana Minaya-Bravo, Helen M Mohan, Rachel Moore, David Moszkowicz, Susan Moug, Joshua S Ng-Kamstra, Mayaba Maimbo, Ionut Negoi, Milagros Niquen, Faustin Ntirenganya, Maricarmen Olivos, Kacimi Oussama, Oumaima Outani, Marie Dione Parreno-Sacdalanm, Francesco Pata, Carlos Jose Perez Rivera, Thomas D Pinkney, Willemijn van der Plas, Peter Pockney, Ahmad Qureshi, Dejan Radenkovic, Antonio Ramos-De la Medina, Keith Roberts, April C Roslani, Martin Rutegård, Juan José Segura-Sampedro, Irène Santos, Sohei Satoi, Raza Sayyed, Andrew Schache, Andreas A Schnitzbauer, Justina O Seyi-Olajide, Neil Sharma, Richard Shaw, Sebastian Shu, Kjetil Soreide, Antonino Spinelli, Grant D Stewart, Malin Sund, Sudha Sundar, Stephen Tabiri, Philip Townend, Georgios Tsoulfas, Gabrielle H van Ramshorst, Raghavan Vidya, Dale Vimalachandran, Oliver J Warren, Duane Wedderburn, Naomi Wright, C Allemand, L Boccalatte, M Figari, M Lamm, J Larrañaga, C Marchitelli, F Noll, D Odetto, M Perrotta, J Saadi, L Zamora, C Alurralde, E L Caram, D Eskinazi, J P Mendoza, M Usandivaras, R Badra, A Esteban, J S García, P M García, J I 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Lewis-Lloyd, O Oyende, J Reilly, D Worku, P Cool, G Cribb, K Shepherd, C Bisset, S Moug, N Elson, G Faulkner, P Saleh, C Underwood, G Brixton, L Findlay, T Klatte, A Majkowska, J Manson, R Potter, A Bhalla, Z Chia, P Daliya, A Goyal, E Grimley, A Hamad, A Kumar, F L Malcolm, E Theophilidou, J Bowden, N Campain, I Daniels, C Evans, G Fowler, J John, L Massey, F McDermott, J McGrath, A McLennan, M Ng, J Pascoe, N Rajaretnam, S Bulathsinhala, B Davidson, G Fusai, C Hidalgo Salinas, N Machairas, T Pissanou, J M Pollok, D A Raptis, F Soggiu, H Tzerbinis, S E Xyda, A Beamish, E Davies, R Foulkes, D Magowan, H Nassa, R Ooi, C Price, L Smith, F Solari, A Tang, G Williams, Y Al-Tamimi, A Bacon, N Beasley, D Chew, M Crank, N Ilenkovan, M Macdonald, B Narice, O Rominiyi, A Thompson, I Varley, T Drake, E Harrison, G Linder, J Mayes, R McGregor, R Skipworth, V Zamvar, E Davies, P Hawkin, T Raymond, O Ryska, R Baron, D Dunne, S Gahunia, C Halloran, N Howes, R McKinney, F McNicol, J Russ, P Szatmary, 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E Rahman, D Snee, R Vidya, N Yassin, F Colombo, D Fountain, M T Hasan, K Karabatsou, R Laurente, O Pathmanaban, A Al-Mukhtar, S Brown, J Edwards, A Giblin, C Kelty, M Lee, G Lye, T Newman, A Sharkey, C Steele, N Sureshkumar Shah, E Whitehall, R Athwal, A Baker, L Jones, C Konstantinou, S Ramcharan, S Singh, J Vatish, R Wilkin, M Ethunandan, G K Sekhon, H Shields, R Singh, F Wensley, S Lawday, A Lyons, T Abbott, S Anwar, K Ghufoor, C Sohrabi, E Chung, R Hagger, A Hainsworth, A Karim, H Owen, A Ramwell, K Williams, C Baker, A Davies, J Gossage, M Kelly, W Knight, J Hall, G Harris, G James, C Kang, D J Lin, A D Rajgor, T Royle, R Scurrah, B Steel, L J Watson, D Choi, R Hutchison, A Jain, V Luoma, H Marcus, R May, A Menon, B Pramodana, L Webber, I A Aneke, P Asaad, B Brown, J Collis, S Duff, A Khan, F Moura, B Wadham, H Warburton, T Elmoslemany, M Jenkinson, C Millward, R Zakaria, S Mccluney, C Parmar, S Shah, J Allison, M S Babar, B Collard, S Goodrum, K Lau, A Patel, R Scott, E Thomas, H 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K Hirose, D M Jablons, K Kirkwood, L Z Kornblith, J R Kratz, R Lee, P N Miller, E Nakakura, B Nunez-Garcia, R O'Donnell, D Ozgediz, P Park, B Robinson, A Sarin, B Sheu, M Varma, K Wai, R Wustrack, M J Xu, D Beswick, J Goddard, J Manor, J Song, T Fullmer, C Gaskill, N Gross, K Kiong, C L Roland, S N Zafar, M Abdallah, A Abouassi, M Almasri, G Kulkarni, H Marwan, M Mehdi, S Aoun, V S Ban, H H Batjer, J Caruso, D Abbott, A Acher, T Aiken, J Barrett, E Foley, P Schwartz, S N Zafar, A Hawkins, A Maiga, J Laufer, S Scasso

Subjects
Aged, 80 and over, Male, Critical Care, SARS-CoV-2, International Cooperation, COVID-19, Middle Aged, Cohort Studies, Logistic Models, Postoperative Complications, Elective Surgical Procedures, Neoplasms, Outcome Assessment, Health Care, Humans, Female, Epidemics, Aged
Abstract

PURPOSE As cancer surgery restarts after the first COVID-19 wave, health care providers urgently require data to determine where elective surgery is best performed. This study aimed to determine whether COVID-19–free surgical pathways were associated with lower postoperative pulmonary complication rates compared with hospitals with no defined pathway. PATIENTS AND METHODS This international, multicenter cohort study included patients who underwent elective surgery for 10 solid cancer types without preoperative suspicion of SARS-CoV-2. Participating hospitals included patients from local emergence of SARS-CoV-2 until April 19, 2020. At the time of surgery, hospitals were defined as having a COVID-19–free surgical pathway (complete segregation of the operating theater, critical care, and inpatient ward areas) or no defined pathway (incomplete or no segregation, areas shared with patients with COVID-19). The primary outcome was 30-day postoperative pulmonary complications (pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, unexpected ventilation). RESULTS Of 9,171 patients from 447 hospitals in 55 countries, 2,481 were operated on in COVID-19–free surgical pathways. Patients who underwent surgery within COVID-19–free surgical pathways were younger with fewer comorbidities than those in hospitals with no defined pathway but with similar proportions of major surgery. After adjustment, pulmonary complication rates were lower with COVID-19–free surgical pathways (2.2% v 4.9%; adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.62; 95% CI, 0.44 to 0.86). This was consistent in sensitivity analyses for low-risk patients (American Society of Anesthesiologists grade 1/2), propensity score–matched models, and patients with negative SARS-CoV-2 preoperative tests. The postoperative SARS-CoV-2 infection rate was also lower in COVID-19–free surgical pathways (2.1% v 3.6%; aOR, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.36 to 0.76). CONCLUSION Within available resources, dedicated COVID-19–free surgical pathways should be established to provide safe elective cancer surgery during current and before future SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks.

Published
2021

45. Microsatellite primers for red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus)

Author

Karlsson, Sten, Renshaw, Mark A., Rexroad, III, Caird E., and Gold, John R.

Subjects
Channel bass -- Observations -- Methods -- Technology application, Fish-culture -- Technology application -- Methods, Aquaculture -- Technology application -- Methods, Tracking and trailing -- Methods -- Technology application, Zoology and wildlife conservation, Technology application, Observations, Methods
Abstract

In this note, we document polymerase-chain-reaction (PCR) primer pairs for 101 nuclear-encoded microsatellites designed and developed from a genomic library for red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus). Details of the genomic library [...]

Published
2008

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