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INTRODUÇÃO: Uma das limitações ao sucesso dos implantes é a contaminação com adesão de bactérias nas superfícies e formação dos biofilmes. Deste modo, é necessário o desenvolvimento de técnicas para inibir o crescimento das colônias, visando a redução de custos e a diminuição dos riscos para o paciente. O plasma consiste num gás ionizado, formado por espécies reativas de oxigênio e nitrogênio, que quando aplicado a implantes é capaz de melhorar a biocompatibilidade de suas superfícies. OBJETIVO: Comparar o efeito do plasma atmosférico a frio (CAP) e de uma modalidade de plasma térmico de baixa pressão, a nitretação, na prevenção de contaminação bacteriana. MÉTODOS: Foram utilizados três tipos de superfícies de discos de Ti: polida (grupo controle), nitretada e tratada por CAP. Primeiramente, os discos foram lixados de maneira gradual, polidos e limpos por tratamento de ultrassom. Uma parte dos discos foi destinada a realizar o tratamento a CAP, em outra foi realizado o tratamento por nitretação. O CAP foi obtido nas seguintes condições: a aplicação durou 15 minutos com uma distância de 20 ± 1 mm entre a amostra e o aparelho com tensão de 15Kv, frequência de 600Hz e 1 L/min de hélio sobre as amostras. A nitretação foi realizada a uma temperatura de 450°C durante 1h com pressão de 1 mbar em atmosfera nitretante (36N2 e 24H2). As cepas de Pseudomonas aeruginosas foram cultivadas aerobiamente a 37 °C com meio Brain Heart Infusion Broth (BHI) durante 24 horas para formação das colônias. Para avaliar a adesão das bactérias foram incubadas alíquotas de 1mL de suspensão bacteriana sobre os três tipos de superfície por quatro horas. Após esse tempo de incubação, as amostras foram submetidas ao processamento e análise de microscópio eletrônico de varredura. RESULTADOS: As amostras tratadas por CAP apresentaram a menor taxa de unidades formadoras de colônia (UFC), predominando bactérias isoladas, ausência da formação de biofilme e poucos detritos celulares. CONCLUSÃO: As superfícies tratadas por CAP apresentaram maior capacidade de prevenção da adesão e proliferação bacteriana, quando comparadas com as superfícies nitretadas. Essa capacidade aliada às vantagens do método, como fácil manuseio e menor custo, tornam uma promissora ferramenta para tratamento de implantes biomédicos.

We evaluated the effect of open and closed systems used for ovarian tissue vitrification on the microbiological load and preservation of preantral follicles (PAFs) in the red-rumped agoutis. The ovaries from eight females were recovered and fragmented, with four cortexes fragments immediately fixed and evaluated (fresh group). The other fragments were processed for the solid-surface vitrification method (SSV) or an ovarian tissue cryosystem (OTC) using fetal calf serum, ethylene glycol, and sucrose as cryoprotectants, stored for two weeks, and rewarmed. Subsequently, fragments were subjected to a 24-h in vitro culture and assessed for microbiological load, PAF morphology, and DNA integrity. There was no fungal contamination; however, the vitrified samples from two individuals showed bacterial contamination of 79 200 colony forming units per milliliter (CFU)/mL for SSV and 3120 CFU/mL for OTC. From those samples, a total of eight different types of bacterial colonies were isolated and identified as coagulase-negative Staphylococci and Gram-positive bacilli. Regarding PAF morphology, both systems provided adequate preservation, with values higher than 70% normal follicles observed before and after culture. The TUNEL assay revealed that both SSV (52.39%) and OTC (41.67%) could preserve DNA integrity after vitrification and after 24 h of culture. In summary, both open and closed systems were equally efficient in preserving agouti ovarian tissues, especially concerning the preantral follicle morphology and DNA integrity; however, the OTC seems to provide a less adequate environment for bacterial proliferation.

O estudo desenvolvido a partir da questão: quais práticas, normas e métodos seriam representativos da cultura escolar institucionalizada em escolas do sudeste goiano, na primeira metade do século XX? A presença de práticas, normas e métodos investigadas em três instituições escolares, cuja amostra contemplou duas escolas confessionais e uma escola agrícola federal, por meio da consulta a fontes dos acervos escolares, buscou aspectos distintos da cultura escolar interna. No percurso metodológico, dedicado a localizar os documentos, caracterizar as fontes por afinidade e semelhança, a fim de obter as variáveis que corroborassem na interpretação dos vestígios das marcas da cultura escolar nas instituições, com foco nas práticas, normas e métodos inscritos nos documentos oficiais, referenciado em autores e obras da vertente da história das instituições escolares. Nos resultados evidenciamos a existência de práticas, normas e métodos, observando semelhanças e singularidades, tanto no formato quanto na organização didático pedagógica das referidas instituições, dentre os quais destacam-se: os fins e objetivos educacionais, a ênfase no disciplinamento da conduta interna (regulamentos, normas, programas de ensino, horários, calendários); as interfaces da escola com a sociedade local e regional; a prescrição de condutas e rotinas; o culto de símbolos e rituais internos; as manifestações de obediência, disciplinamento e transgressão; os níveis de status e as distinções representativas da educação escolarizada. The study developed from the question: which practices, rules and methods would be representative of the school culture institutionalized in schools from the southeast of Goiás, in the first half of the 20th century? The presence of practices, norms and methods investigated in three school institutions, whose sample included two confessional schools and a federal agricultural school, through the consultation of sources from the school archives, sought distinct aspects of the internal school culture. In the methodological path, dedicated to locate the documents, characterize the sources by affinity and similarity, in order to obtain the variables that would corroborate in the interpretation of the traces of the marks of the school culture in the institutions, with focus on the practices, rules and methods registered in the official documents, referenced in authors and works of the branch of the history of school institutions. The results show the existence of practices, norms and methods, observing similarities and singularities, both in the format and in the didactic and pedagogical organization of the institutions: the educational purposes and objectives, the emphasis on the disciplining of internal conduct (regulations, norms, teaching programs, schedules, calendars); the interfaces of the school with local and regional society; the prescription of conduct and routines; the cult of symbols and internal rituals; the manifestations of obedience, disciplining and transgression; the levels of status and the representative distinctions of schooling.

Infecções do trato respiratório inferior são um problema comum tanto em equinos adultos quanto potros e pode variar desde infecções virais leves a infecções bacterianas severas. A pleuropneumonia é uma afecção caracterizada por inflamação do parênquima pulmonar associada a colonização bacteriana, desenvolvimento de abscessos pulmonares e/ou pneumonia, com posterior extensão à pleura visceral e ao espaço pleural. Este artigo tem por objetivo relatar os achados clínicos e abordagem terapêutica em um caso de pleuropneumonia séptica em potro. Os principais achados clínicos observados foram letargia, anorexia, febre, taquicardia, taquipnéia, esforço respiratório aumentado e pleurodinia. Staphylococcus sp. foi isolado na cultura bacteriano do fluido pleural. O protocolo terapêutico consistiu na instituição de terapia antimicrobiana, anti-inflamatória, além de cuidados de suporte. O protocolo antimicrobiano inicial escolhido foi penicilina associada à gentamicina e metronidazol. Flunixina Meglumina foi utilizado como agente anti-inflamatório. O protocolo terapêutico adotado foi eficaz na resolução da enfermidade, e nenhuma complicação foi observada durante o período de acompanhamento clínico.

RESUMO No Nordeste brasileiro, cuja vegetação predominante é Caatinga, muitas plantas nativas ou exóticas são potencialmente ricas em propriedades curativas, porém pouco exploradas ainda pela ciência. O trabalho foi realizado durante agosto de 2011 a junho de 2012, onde foram coletadas amostras bacterianas dos tetos dos animais através de swabs estéreis. Isolados e devidamente identificados, os microrganismos foram sujeitos a antibiogramas com os meios alternativos, controles positivos e negativo através da técnica de difusão em Ágar de poço. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a ação dos extratos de Favela (Cnidoscolus phyllacanthus), Catingueira (Caesalpinia pyramidalis) e Nim (Azadiracta indica) sobre bactérias isoladas de tetos de cabras no assentamento de Cordão de Sombra no Município de Mossoró-RN. ABSTRACT In Northeast Brazil, whose predominant vegetation is Caatinga, many native or exotic plants are potentially rich in healing properties, but little explored yet by science. The work was conducted during August 2011 to June 2012, where bacterial samples were collected from the teats of animals through sterile swabs. Once isolated and properly identified, the microorganisms were subjected to antibiograms with alternative means, positive and negative controls through the well agar diffusion technique. The objective of the work was to evaluate the action of extracts of Favela (Cnidoscolus phyllacanthus), Catingueira (Caesalpinia pyramidalis) and Neem (Azadiracta indica) on bacteria isolated from teats of goats in the settlement Cordão de Sombra in the Municipality of Mossoró-RN.

The water quality evaluation with reference to parameters of drinkability is made through a series of analyses, which are physicochemical or microbiological. This study aims to evaluate the physicochemical and microbiological parameters of drinking water distribution network in the western part of the Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. Water samples were collected in several neighborhoods, and divided into 5 zones. In each of those five points two samples were collected: Water receiver of water distribution network and household water collector. In relation to the physical parameters, color and turbidity recorded higher results in the collectors of homes, and identified the lack of maintenance. For the studied microbial tests, the presence of coliform group bacteria was verified, being the major contamination in the receivers. This was justified by the lack of maintenance and prohibition of sealing of these collectors, allowing the access of rodents, insects and other carriers of microorganisms. Therefore, the water consumed at the collection points in the western zone of the RN / Brazil presents adequate physicochemical and microbiological indices in disagreement with the legislation that regulates water portability. Key words: Water quality, coliforms, microorganisms, portability, water supply.

SummaryWe compare the efficiency of mechanical or enzymatic methods, and their combination, for the isolation of ovarian preantral follicles (PFs) from collared peccaries. The ovaries from six females were subjected to the different methods investigated here. For the enzymatic method, ovary fragments were exposed to collagenase type IV in TCM-HEPES medium; the mechanical procedure was based on ovarian cortex dissociation by using a scalpel blade. The residual solution obtained after the mechanical isolation was subjected to the enzymatic procedure. The number of isolated PFs was quantified and classified as primordial, primary, or secondary; their viability was assessed using trypan blue dye assay. To confirm the results, PFs derived from the most efficient method were evaluated for integrity using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and subjected to a 24 h in vitro culture for subsequent evaluation of viability by using fluorescent probes. A higher number of PFs (P < 0.05) was obtained from the enzymatic method (961.7 ± 132.9) in comparison with the mechanical method (434.3 ± 88.9), but no difference was observed between the two methods and their combination (743.2 ± 92.8). The trypan blue assay showed that the enzymatic method (98.7 ± 0.6%) provided the highest percentage of viable follicles (P < 0.05). Furthermore, SEM confirmed the ultrastructural integrity of the surface architecture of peccary PFs isolated by the enzymatic procedure; epifluorescence microscopy was used to confirm their viability (86.0%). In conclusion, we suggest that the enzymatic method investigated here is useful for the isolation of viable ovarian PFs from collared peccaries.

Microorganisms are becoming resistant to the commonly used chemical disinfectants. Thereby, these chemical products should now be replaced by natural ones. In this context, this research aimed to evaluate the disinfectant activity of the extract and decoction of Libidibia ferrea leaves in different surfaces. Thus, two forms of jucá leaf extraction (decoction and hydroalcoholic extraction) were tested through the diffusion disk technique from Kirby and Bauer, growth curve, acceptability test with the population, and surface test. Results showed sensibility to decoction of S. aureus and E. faecalis strains; however, for the extract, the strains that demonstrated sensibility were S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, Micrococcus spp. Corynebacterium spp., and S. Typhimurium in the diffusion disk test. A reduction of the bacterial charge throughout the growth curve was seen through the absorbance values after 24 hours to the strains of E. coli, E. feacalis, Micrococcus spp. and K. pneumoniae in the concentration of 100 mg/mL of the decoction and extract. Regarding the surfaces test, there was a reduction in the bacterial charge in all tested strains. Therefore, the L. ferrea may be used as an effective alternative disinfectant measure.

Studies on semen and sperm cells are critical to develop assisted reproductive technologies for the conservation of the collared peccary. The objective of the study was to compare the effect of different antibiotics on the bacterial load and sperm quality during short-term storage of peccary semen. Fresh semen samples from 10 males were extended in Tris-egg yolk or Tris-Aloe vera supplemented with streptomycin-penicillin (SP; 1 mg/mL - 1000 IU/mL or 2 mg/mL - 2000 IU/mL) or gentamicin (30 µg/mL or 70 µg/mL) before storage at 5°C. Bacterial load and sperm motility, membrane integrity and function, mitochondrial activity, and morphology, were evaluated at different time points for 36 h. The SP and gentamicin treatments concentration inhibited (p < 0.05) bacterial growth for 36 h regardless of the extender. Compared to the other treatments, Tris-egg yolk plus 70 µg/mL gentamicin maintained the sperm parameters for longer, including total motility (41.9 ± 6.1%) at 24 h, and membrane integrity (58.3 ± 2.1%) at 36 h. In contrast, the highest SP concentration in both extenders impaired sperm membrane integrity at 36 h (p < 0.05). For the liquid storage of collared peccary semen, it therefore is recommended to use Tris extender supplemented with egg yolk and gentamicin (70 µg/mL).

Background : Histomoniasis is a disease caused by Histomonas meleagridis , a flagellated protozoan that can cause severe necrotizing hepatitis and typhlitis in several bird species. The disease has a cosmopolitan distribution. In experimental infection, peacocks ( Pavo spp.) showed susceptibility to histomoniasis, however there are few reports on natural histomoniasis in this species. In northeastern Brazil, reports about its occurrence in avian species are scarce and nonexistent in peacocks. Therefore, this report aims to describe the epidemiological and clinicopathological aspects of a histomoniasis case in a peacock ( Pavo cristatus ) in the Brazilian semiarid region. Case : A 3-month-old male peacock with a history of apathy and anorexia was attended in the Veterinary Hospital of the Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Arido (UFERSA), Mossoro, RN, Brazil. The animal was raised extensively in a farm without basic sanitary measures, also with a history of living with animals of different species. After clinical examination, in which intense apathy and weight loss were confirmed, the bird was submitted to emergency therapeutic measures, however there was no clinical improvement and the bird died. At necropsy, intense diffuse bilateral necrotizing typhlitis and multifocal to coalescent necrotizing hepatitis were observed. Fragments of the organs were collected in 10% formaldehyde buffered with phosphate-saline buffer for histopathological analysis and cecal content were collected for microbiological analysis. Histopathology of the cecum revealed transmural necrotizing typhlitis associated with myriads of trophozoites morphologically compatible with Histomonas meleagridis . The same microorganisms observed in association with necrotizing hepatitis lesions, which allowed the diagnosis of histomoniasis. Also, the bacterium Pantoea agglomerans was isolated from the cecal content. Discussion : The macroscopic and microscopic findings allowed the diagnosis and the first recording of histomoniasis in peacock in the semi-arid region of Rio Grande do Norte. The bird was raised in an extensive breeding and without sanitary management, such as the use of anthelmintics, which may favor infection by the nematode Heterakis gallinarum , that’ transmits the protozoan Histomonas meleagridis . The contamination, which begins by the orofecal route, happens through the ingestion of eggs of the nematode contaminated with H. meleagridis that pass through the gastrointestinal tract, reaching the ceca and causing intense lesions in the organ, such as the bilateral transmural typhlitis that we observed in this case. From ceca, the protozoan has access to the bloodstream and reaches the liver, where it causes necrotic hepatitis, also present in the peacock. Both cecal and hepatic lesions were associated with myriads of microorganisms morphologically compatible with H. meleagridis , which allowed the diagnosis of the disease. The challenge in diagnosing this disease occurs mainly due to nonspecific clinical signs, such as apathy and weight loss, the only signs reported by the breeder and observed in this peacock. Confirmation of the occurrence of histomoniasis in any region is important to establish the disease among the differential diagnoses for the species, as in this case. Since this is the first report of peacock histomoniasis in the semi-arid region of Rio Grande do Norte, it is evident the need to consider the disease among possible diagnoses in cases of nonspecific symptoms and it also demonstrates the need to implement control and prophylaxis measures in peacock breeding aiming to avoid losses of birds and economic losses to the breeders and to promote quality of life to the animals.

A qualidade adequada da água estuarina se faz necessária para a balneabilidade. Deste modo, é fundamental que a comunidade entenda a importância da qualidade de suas águas estuarinas, uma vez que influência diretamente na promoção da saúde e do bem-estar da população. O presente estudo teve por objetivo conhecer as condições de balneabilidade da orla estuarina da Reserva de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Estadual Ponta do Tubarão por meio da percepção ambiental dos moradores das comunidades de Chico Martins, Barreiras, Diogo Lopes e Sertãozinho, em Macau/RN. Foram realizadas 384 entrevistas, com o auxílio de um questionário semiestruturado com múltiplas respostas, que buscaram conhecer a percepção ambiental dos entrevistados quanto à balneabilidade. Os resultados obtidos afirmam que a maior parte dos moradores é do sexo masculino, com baixo nível de escolaridade e que a maioria pesca e vive há mais de 20 anos em sua comunidade. Ainda de acordo com os resultados obtidos, o maior número dos entrevistados utiliza a água do estuário para pesca ou lazer e considera a qualidade da água boa, embora confirme a existência de efluentes domésticos, a disposição inadequada de resíduos sólidos urbanos e a presença de animais domésticos na área de estuário. Com isso, concluiu-se que a população das comunidades pesquisadas da Reserva de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Estadual Ponta do Tubarão está caracterizada da seguinte forma: apesar do número elevado de esgotos, os moradores afirmam que a água estuarina é adequada para o consumo.

Aims To evaluate the applicability of the Mimosa tenuiflora and Eucalyptus urograndis pyroligneous acids (PAs) as alternative antiseptics in dairy goats. Methods and results Cytotoxicity was evaluated in vitro using bacteria, as well as in vivo using goats, and the influence of PAs on the physicochemical parameters of fresh milk were examined. The cytotoxicity of PAs was evaluated in terms of morphology, cell viability, and metabolic activity of goat tegumentary cells. The PA of M. tenuiflora had results similar to those of 2% iodine. For the in vitro tests, strains of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were used with the well technique, demonstrating inhibition halos greater than 9 mm. In the in vivo test, 15 animals were used per phase of the experiment, and the plate counting technique showed that there was antiseptic action of both extracts, with emphasis on the M. tenuiflora PA. Physicochemical analysis of the milk showed that neither PAs interfered with its physical-chemical parameters. Conclusions The PA of M. tenuiflora presented potential as an alternative antiseptic in dairy goats. Significance and impact of the study This study demonstrates the use of PA as an antimicrobial agent in animals.

The use of antibacterial substances as additives in extenders for ensuring the sanitary quality of the semen employed in reproductive biotechniques and preserving it from bacterial deterioration has been reported since the mid-twentieth century. However, the deleterious effects of these drugs on the sperm quality as well as their effectiveness in controlling bacterial growth in the preserved semen have been questioned. The aim of this review was to report the antimicrobials primarily used in the extenders added to the semen of mammals, and to present alternatives to their use. Among the various mammalian species, there is a large variation regarding the antimicrobial types added to semen extenders as cephalosporins (ceftiofur, cefdinir, eg) and quinolones (ofloxacin, ciprofloxacin), alone or in combination with large action spectra substances as penicillin-streptomycin and gentamicin-tylosin-lincomycin-spectinomycin. To combat problems related to bacterial resistance to these drugs, the emergence of alternatives is increasingly evident. Among these alternatives, use of physical methods as centrifugation and filtration, as well as the use of antimicrobial peptides and other substances from different origins have been highlighted for presenting antimicrobial potential.

A inexistência de saneamento básico possibilita que esgotos domésticos sejam lançados diretamente no estuário possibilitando o carreamento de variedades de micro-organismos patogênicos que põem em risco a saúde dos moradores. Objetivou-se então, conhecer os parâmetros microbiológicos, físico-químicos e os impactos ambientais do lançamento de efluentes domésticos e da disposição inadequada de resíduos sólidos urbanos no estuário da Reserva de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Estadual Ponta do Tubarão (RDSEPT). As coletas de 50 amostras de água foram realizadas nas comunidades de Chico Martins, Barreiras, Diogo Lopes e Sertãozinho em cinco pontos georreferenciados distintos. Os parâmetros microbiológicos foram mensurados através da técnica NMP para coliformes totais, coliformes termotolerantes, Escherichia coli e Enterococcus sp. Os parâmetros físico-químicos mensurados foram pH, salinidade através de um medidor multiparâmetro com GPS (Modelo HI 9828) e os impactos ambientais negativos por meio de check-list e registros fotográficos. Quanto aos coliformes totais e termotolerantes, foram encontrados valores dentro dos limites estabelecidos na legislação em 90% das amostras, e 100% das amostras de Escherichia coli e Enterococcus sp. foram consideradas próprias na categoria excelente. Por outro lado, por meio do check-list, foram georreferenciados 205 pontos de lançamento de efluentes domésticos e 7 áreas de disposição inadequada de resíduos sólidos urbanos em área de estuário, esses dados classificam que classifica a água do estuário como inapropriada para o banho. Concluiu-se que as águas da orla estuarina da RDSEPT apresentam os índices físico-químicos de acordo com os padrões estabelecidos e estão contaminadas com bactérias de origem fecal, com concentrações inferiores aos limites permitidos. A B S T R A C T The lack of basic sanitation makes it possible for domestic sewage to be discharged directly into the estuary, making it possible to carry varieties of pathogenic microorganisms that endanger the health of the residents. The objective was to know the microbiological, physical-chemical and environmental impacts of the discharge of domestic effluents and the inadequate disposal of urban solid waste in the estuary of the Ponta do Tubarão State Sustainable Development Reserve (RDSEPT). The samples of 50 water samples were taken in the communities of Chico Martins, Barreiras, Diogo Lopes and Sertãozinho in five different georeferenced points. Microbiological parameters were measured using the NMP technique for total coliforms, thermotolerant coliforms, Escherichia coli and Enterococcus sp. The physical-chemical parameters measured were pH, salinity through a multi-parameter GPS meter (Model HI 9828) and negative environmental impacts through check-list and photographic records. As for total and thermotolerant coliforms, values within the limits established in the legislation were found in 90% of the samples, and 100% of the Escherichia coli and Enterococcus sp. were considered proper in the excellent category. On the other hand, through the checklist, 205 points of domestic effluent discharge and 7 areas of inadequate disposal of urban solid waste in an estuary area were georeferenced, these data classify the estuarine water as inappropriate for bathing. It was concluded that the estuarine waters of the RDSEPT present the physico-chemical indices according to established standards and are contaminated with fecal bacteria, with concentrations below the limits allowed Keywords: estuary, water quality, environmental monitoring.

Microorganisms resistant to conventional antimicrobial substances are becoming more prevalent . Accordingly , natural alternat ives have been sought with the use of extracts from medicinal plants whose purpose is to find new compounds with recognized antimicrobial activity. This work aims to show the efficacy of the cajá ( Spondias mombin L.) leaf decoction using the microplate dil ution technique against Staphylococcus sp , a bacterial strain isolated from cases of subclinical mastitis in dairy goat matrices. The 5% probability test was used to compare the means among the studied treatments. Leaf extract from the cajá was effective a t concentrations of 1:1 and 1:2 against all strains of Staphylococcus coagulase negative, regardless of storage temperatures. All strains were resistant to a moxicillin + c lavulanate, a mpicillin, c efepime and c eftazidime, being characterized with a multires istant profile.

A inexistencia de saneamento basico possibilita que esgotos domesticos sejam lancados diretamente no estuario possibilitando o carreamento de variedades de micro-organismos patogenicos que poem em risco a saude dos moradores. Objetivou-se entao, conhecer os parâmetros microbiologicos, fisico-quimicos e os impactos ambientais do lancamento de efluentes domesticos e da disposicao inadequada de residuos solidos urbanos no estuario da Reserva de Desenvolvimento Sustentavel Estadual Ponta do Tubarao (RDSEPT). As coletas de 50 amostras de agua foram realizadas nas comunidades de Chico Martins, Barreiras, Diogo Lopes e Sertaozinho em cinco pontos georreferenciados distintos. Os parâmetros microbiologicos foram mensurados atraves da tecnica NMP para coliformes totais, coliformes termotolerantes, Escherichia coli e Enterococcus sp. Os parâmetros fisico-quimicos mensurados foram pH, salinidade atraves de um medidor multiparâmetro com GPS (Modelo HI 9828) e os impactos ambientais negativos por meio de check-list e registros fotograficos. Quanto aos coliformes totais e termotolerantes, foram encontrados valores dentro dos limites estabelecidos na legislacao em 90% das amostras, e 100% das amostras de Escherichia coli e Enterococcus sp. foram consideradas proprias na categoria excelente. Por outro lado, por meio do check-list, foram georreferenciados 205 pontos de lancamento de efluentes domesticos e 7 areas de disposicao inadequada de residuos solidos urbanos em area de estuario, esses dados classificam que classifica a agua do estuario como inapropriada para o banho. Concluiu-se que as aguas da orla estuarina da RDSEPT apresentam os indices fisico-quimicos de acordo com os padroes estabelecidos e estao contaminadas com bacterias de origem fecal, com concentracoes inferiores aos limites permitidos. A B S T R A C T The lack of basic sanitation makes it possible for domestic sewage to be discharged directly into the estuary, making it possible to carry varieties of pathogenic microorganisms that endanger the health of the residents. The objective was to know the microbiological, physical-chemical and environmental impacts of the discharge of domestic effluents and the inadequate disposal of urban solid waste in the estuary of the Ponta do Tubarao State Sustainable Development Reserve (RDSEPT). The samples of 50 water samples were taken in the communities of Chico Martins, Barreiras, Diogo Lopes and Sertaozinho in five different georeferenced points. Microbiological parameters were measured using the NMP technique for total coliforms, thermotolerant coliforms, Escherichia coli and Enterococcus sp. The physical-chemical parameters measured were pH, salinity through a multi-parameter GPS meter (Model HI 9828) and negative environmental impacts through check-list and photographic records. As for total and thermotolerant coliforms, values within the limits established in the legislation were found in 90% of the samples, and 100% of the Escherichia coli and Enterococcus sp. were considered proper in the excellent category. On the other hand, through the checklist, 205 points of domestic effluent discharge and 7 areas of inadequate disposal of urban solid waste in an estuary area were georeferenced, these data classify the estuarine water as inappropriate for bathing. It was concluded that the estuarine waters of the RDSEPT present the physico-chemical indices according to established standards and are contaminated with fecal bacteria, with concentrations below the limits allowed Keywords: estuary, water quality, environmental monitoring.

AIM To evaluate the bacterial composition of collared peccary semen and foreskin mucosa, and to verify the sensitivity of isolates to antimicrobials used in semen conservation and to Aloe vera gel, which is an alternative external cryoprotectant. METHODS AND RESULTS Nine foreskin mucosa and ejaculate samples from adult animals were used. Sperm characteristics and bacterial load were evaluated in fresh semen. The preputial mucosa and semen bacterial isolates were identified and tested against five concentrations of each antimicrobial (streptomycin-penicillin and gentamicin) and A. vera gel. Corynebacterium sp. and Staphylococcus sp. were isolated in greater numbers than others in both semen (64·10 and 20·51%, respectively) and the foreskin mucosa (60·60 and 24·25%, respectively), and ranged from 0·4 to 21 × 105 colony-forming units (CFU) per ml. The average load of Corynebacterium sp. was negatively correlated (P

Este trabalho objetivou verificar se há a passagem, como herança cultural, do saber sobre as plantas medicinais de geração para geração nas comunidades rurais, se os moradores das comunidades do semiárido nordestino já tinham algum conhecimento sobre as propriedades do jucá (C. ferrea), e se, baseando-se nesse conhecimento prévio e cultural, eles aceitariam usar essa planta como desinfetante natural. Para tal foi realizada entrevistas em 388 residências, onde cada residência era entrevistada somente uma pessoa, no período de outubro de 2017 a setembro de 2018, realizadas em oitos comunidades tradicionais do município de Mossoró-RN (Cordão de Sombra 1 e 2, Hipólito 1 e 2, Independência, Solidão, Cabelo de Nêgo e Três Marias). Como resultados obteve-se que 54,4% (197) tinham idade superior a 50 anos, 64,1% (230) eram do sexo feminino e que 77% (278) dos entrevistados residiam na comunidade tradicional há mais de 10 anos. Quanto ao conhecimento das atividades medicinais do jucá foi observado que 81,5% (295) alegavam ter um conhecimento sobre a atividade medicinal do jucá, 53,9% (195) afirmaram já ter utilizado o jucá em pessoas como medicina alternativa e 93,3% (362) aceitariam utilizar o desinfetante a base do jucá. Desta forma, evidencia-se que o uso do jucá como desinfetante seria bem aceito e utilizado, pela população, em consequência de que já vem sendo utilizado para outros fins terapêuticos pelos moradores das comunidades tradicionais do entorno de Mossoró/RN.

As zoonoses são doenças transmissíveis entre os animais e os humanos, sendo a educação em saúde essencial para sua prevenção. A escola é um ambiente propício para abordar o tema, visto que a noção das crianças sobre zoonoses é um ponto essencial na saúde pública, pois assumem papel de difusoras de informação. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar o conhecimento de crianças de escolas públicas sobre zoonose. Foram entrevistados 80 alunos de escolas públicas em Mossoró/RN, entre 8 a 11 anos. Foi aplicado um questionário sobre o conceito de zoonose. Depois, foram realizadas atividades educativas sobre o tema e reaplicação dos questionários. Antes da realização das atividades, 100% responderam não conhecer zoonose. Após a reaplicação, 61,25% conheciam zoonose, porém 38,75% continuavam a não conhecer. Visto que houve alteração positiva no padrão de respostas dos alunos após as atividades em sala de aula, as ações educativas podem ser importantes na construção do conhecimento sobre zoonoses.

Foi avaliada a eficiência do decocto das folhas de cajá (Spondias mombin L.) como antisséptico no pós-cirúrgico de gatossubmetidos à orquiectomia e ovariosalpingohisterectomia. Para tal, foram submetidos à castração 45 gatos sem raça definida,divididos em três grupos. O primeiro grupo como controle positivo com Solução Alcoólica de Clorexidine a 0,5%; segundogrupo controle negativo com água destilada estéril; e o grupo teste com o decocto de cajá à concentração de 100 mg/mL.Todos os animais, independentemente da idade e sexo, tiveram cicatrização visível em tempo similar. Animais tratadoscom o decocto apresentaram uma redução significativa do crescimento bacteriano. Além disso, observou-se uma melhorcicatrização das feridas cirúrgicas dos animais tratados no grupo teste. Todas as estirpes bacterianas isoladas apresentaramhalo de inibição para clorexidine e para Spondias mombin L. Portanto, o decocto das folhas da Spondias mombin L. apresentoueficácia antisséptica nas feridas cirúrgicas de gatos submetidos à orquiectomia e ovariosalpingohisterectomia. This survey evaluated mombin leaves (Spondias mombin L.) decoction efficiency as an antiseptic during post-surgeryperiod on cats submitted to orchiectomy and ovariosalpingohisterectomy. For this purpose, 45 castrated mongrels catswere divided into three groups, the first group as a positive control using 0.5% chlorhexidine-alcohol solution, the seconda negative control group using sterile distilled water and, finally, the test group using mombin leaves decocted with aconcentration of 100 mg/mL. All animals, independent of age and sex, had visibly healed in most cases in a similar time.Animals treated with mombin leaves decoction presented a significant reduction of bacterial growth. In addition, theanimals treated in the test group had better surgical wound healing. All isolated bacterial strains presented inhibitionhalo for chlorhexidine and for Spondias mombin L. Thus, the decoction of Spondias mombin L. leaves proved antisepticefficacy in the surgical wounds of cats submitted to orchiectomy and ovariosalpingohisterectomy.

Os exames microbiológicos são meios de diagnósticos utilizados para identificar microrganismos causadores de doenças e oferecer um direcionamento para a escolha de tratamento com maior chance de sucesso. O objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar um estudo retrospectivo dos exames microbiológicos de pequenos animais, executados no Laboratório de Microbiologia Veterinária da Universidade Federal Rural do Semiárido,no período de 2014 a 2018. A metodologia aplicada para a identificação dos agentes etiológicos foi a citologia, cultivo e provas bioquímicas. Foram analisados 127 exames, sendo que a maioria dos fungos identificados era Malassezia pachydermatis–50% (23/46). Quanto às bactérias, a maioria era Staphylococcus sp. – 52,9%(9/17).A maior parte desses microrganismos foi isolada de suabes otológicos.

O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a possibilidade do uso do ácido undecilênico, extraído a partir do óleo de mamona (Ricinus communis), como antisséptico em cães (Canis lupus familiaris). Para tanto, foi utilizado um protótipo de esteira, fabricada com a resina da mamona, coberta com tapete adesivo impregnado com o ácido, sobre o qual os animais do estudo caminhavam. O trabalho foi desenvolvido com 54 cães e as amostras dos suabes dos coxins foram coletadas dos membros anteriores direito (controle) e esquerdo (teste), sendo que as amostras controle e teste foram colhidas, respectivamente, antes e depois da utilização da esteira. Após a coleta, os suabes eram acondicionados em caixas isotérmicas com gelo reciclável e encaminhados para processamento no Laboratório de Microbiologia Veterinária. Após período de incubação a 37ºC por 24 à 48h foi realizada a contagem individual de cada placa em UFC/ml, os resultados foram obtidos a partir das médias das duplicatas para cada diluição. Dos 54 animais, 81,48% apresentaram redução da população microbiana, 14,81% apresentaram ausência de variação da população microbiana e 3,70% apresentaram aumento da população microbiana. Considerando-se apenas os resultados viáveis observou que 95,65% apresentaram redução da população microbiana, portanto pode-se concluir que o ácido undecilênico possui ação antisséptica, reduzindo consideravelmente a população de micro-organismos presentes nos coxins dos cães.

The aim of this study was to evaluate environmental effects in a semiarid region on collared peccary seminal plasma content and sperm motility. Ejaculates from 12 mature males were obtained during the peak of rainy and dry periods of the Caatinga biome. Samples were evaluated for semen volume, pH, as well as sperm concentration, morphology, osmotic response, membrane integrity, chromatin condensation, and kinetic motility. Seminal plasma was evaluated for ions and organic compounds. The values for chloride, iron, magnesium, phosphorus, citric acid, cholesterol, triglycerides, total proteins, albumin, and fructosamine were similar during the dry and rainy periods; however, concentrations of fructose (849.2 mg/dL compared with 119.4 mg/dL) and calcium (32.3 mg/dL compared with 15.6 mg/dL) were greater during the rainy compared with dry period (P 0.05). There were correlations (P 0.05) among values for semen variables and biochemical contents, particularly between fructose and sperm velocity average pathway (r = 0.65), velocity straight line (r = 0.78), velocity curvilinear (r = 0.57), amplitude lateral head (r = 0.62), linearity (r = 0.41), and subpopulation with a medium velocity (r = -0.75). Furthermore, values for relative humidity were positively correlated with concentrations of fructose (r = 0.49), while air temperature (r = -0.43) and wind velocity values (r = 0.66) were negatively affected by concentration of fructose (P 0.05). There were novel results regarding collared peccary seminal plasma biochemistry indicating there are important correlations with values for semen variables that are affected by the environment in a semiarid climate.

Castor bean ( Ricinus communis ) is a tropical plant that is distributed widely across the world. In the semiarid region of northeastern Brazil, R. communis is largely cultivated mainly for the production of non-edible oil used in the manufacture of biodiesel. Considering the interest in expanded castor bean seed production for increasing biodiesel production in Brazil, the present study aimed to determine whether the pollen of R. communis is toxic to honey bees ( Apis mellifera ). Pollen samples were collected, dried, and added to food at doses of 0 (control), 2.5%, 5.0%, and 10%. Each dose of plant material was fed to 120 honey bees, which were observed daily until the last one died. Statistical comparison of the survival curves was performed using Kaplan–Meier survival analysis. The pollen of R. communis significantly ( P