46 results on '"Caillouet, L."'
Search Results
2. Health information exchange--a public policy challenge for healthcare professionals and administrators
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Caillouet, L. Philip
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Medical informatics -- Laws, regulations and rules ,Health care industry -- Laws, regulations and rules ,Medical personnel -- Laws, regulations and rules ,Health care industry ,Government regulation ,Business, international ,American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 - Abstract
The realization of a long-standing vision of a world in which patient information can follow seamlessly and securely as healthcare consumers self-navigate a universe of independent healthcare providers may be just around the corner. With federal seed monies flowing since the 2009 enactment of American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA) and its embedded Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health (HITECH) Act, Health Information Exchange (HIE) activities have expanded dramatically. It is still in doubt, however, as to whether this top-down seeding and fertilization will bring forth a sustainable crop of HIEs, because in perhaps a majority of instances providers are ill-prepared to contribute toward reaping the desired harvest. Are expectations set too high? Are incentives misaligned? This study explores how top-down public policy regarding HIE implementation may not be a good match for the bottom-up reality in private medical practices and community hospitals. Keywords: Electronic Health Record (EHR), Health Information Exchange (HIE), Health Information Technology (HIT), HIT for Clinical and Economic Health (HITECH) Act, Office of the National Coordinator for HIT (ONCHIT), INTRODUCTION In Act 2, Scene 1 of William Shakespeare's The Tempest, Antonio is literally reflecting on past shipwrecks and future destinies when he says '... what's past is prologue, what [...]
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- 2012
3. Intercomparison of spatio-temporal extreme low-flow events in France since 1871
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Caillouet, L., Alexandre Devers, Jean-Philippe Vidal, Eric Sauquet, Claire Lauvernet, Graff, B., Vannier, O., Compagnie Nationale du Rhône (CNR), RiverLy (UR Riverly), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), and Irstea Publications, Migration
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[SDE] Environmental Sciences ,INTERCOMPARAISON ,SPATIO-TEMPOREL ,LOW-FLOWS ,INTERCOMPARISON ,[SDE]Environmental Sciences ,FRANCE ,HISTORICAL ,SPATIO-TEMPORAL ,HISTORIQUE ,ETIAGES - Abstract
International audience; Ce travail présente une étude des évènements d'étiage extrême ayant eu lieu depuis 1871 pour un grand nombre de bassins faiblement anthropisés en France. Il a pour but d'évaluer et de comparer leurs caractéristiques afin d'améliorer notre connaissance des étiages historiques. Un second objectif est de fournir une sélection d'évènements de référence utilisables lors d'études hydro-climatologiques. La profondeur historique des observations de débit est généralement limitée aux 50 dernières années, période trop restreinte pour explorer l'évolution à long terme des étiages extrêmes et les impacts associés. Afin de pallier cette limite, ce travail utilise un ensemble de reconstructions hydrométéorologiques en France sur les 140 dernières années, fondé sur : (1) une descente d'échelle probabiliste de la Twentieth Century Reanalysis, baptisée SCOPE (Caillouet et al., 2016, 2018), (2) une réanalyse météorologique haute résolution combinant les produits de cette descente d'échelle et les observations historiques de Météo-France, baptisée FYRE (Devers et al., 2018), et (3) une modélisation hydrologique continue qui utilise cette dernière réanalyse comme données d'entrée. FYRE permet de corriger des biais sur la variabilité climatique multidécennale et des incertitudes importantes présents dans les reconstitutions de SCOPE. Le jeu de données résultant est un ensemble de 25 séries équiprobables de débit journalier restitué sur un réseau de référence de 662 stations en France sur la période 1871-2012. Les évènements d'étiage extrême sont identifiés grâce à une combinaison d'un seuil fixe et d'un seuil variable. Cette procédure est appliquée aux 25 séries reconstruites afin de caractériser de façon probabiliste des évènements historiques reconstruits et observés sur la période récente. Une procédure de regroupement spatial est ensuite développée à l'échelle de la France afin d'assembler spatialement des évènements locaux d'étiage extrême au sein d'un même évènement spatio-temporel à l'échelle de la France. À la suite de cette étape, un évènement peut être étudié à l'échelle locale ou nationale grâce à son étendue spatiale, sa durée, ou sa sévérité et ce, de façon probabiliste suivant la méthodologie proposée par Caillouet et al. (2017). Ce travail permet ainsi d'identifier et de comparer entre eux des évènements extrêmes passés peu connus (1878, 1893, 1942-1949) ou encore récents mais peu documentés (1972, 1978, 1985), en plus des évènements connus (1921, 1976, 1989-1990, 2011). Une bonne cohérence est trouvée entre les évènements reconstruits et des sources narratives sur les sécheresses historiques. Pour la première fois, les évènements d'étiage extrême sont qualifiés de façon homogène sur 140 ans pour 662 bassins faiblement anthropisés, permettant ainsi des analyses détaillées de l'effet de la variabilité du climat sur es étiages.
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- 2019
4. Comparison of historical climate time series for the Meuse and Moselle catchments
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Delus, C., Grelier, B., Francois, D., Drogue, G., Vidal, J. P., Caillouet, L., Devers, A., Sauquet, E., Claire Lauvernet, Irstea Publications, Migration, Université de Lorraine (UL), Compagnie Nationale du Rhône (CNR), RiverLy (UR Riverly), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), and CRC
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[SDE] Environmental Sciences ,COMPARISON ,PRECIPITATION ,[SDE]Environmental Sciences ,MOSELLE ,HISTORICAL RECONSTRUCTION ,MEUSE ,COMPARAISONS ,PRECIPITATIONS ,RECONSTRUCTION HISTORIQUE - Abstract
National audience; La reconstitution de séries climatiques historiques suscite ces dernières années un intérêt croissant, qu'il s'agisse d'étudier la variabilité des climats du passé, de positionner le changement climatique dans le long terme, ou encore d'améliorer la connaissance des épisodes extrêmes dans le cadre de la prévention des risques naturels. Dans le cadre d'une recherche sur les extrêmes hydrologiques de la Meuse et de la Moselle (projet RECRET), nous avons réalisé des reconstitutions de longues séries climatiques (Delus et al., 2018) qui seront utilisées pour alimenter un modèle pluie-débit afin de simuler des séries de débits historiques. Les reconstitutions climatiques reposent sur une base de données climatologique inédite. Cette base de données a été utilisée pour élaborer des grilles spatialisées à partir desquelles sont établies des séries de précipitations et de températures moyennes de bassins versants depuis janvier 1860. Les données climatologiques historiques peuvent être affectées de biais liés à des changements d'instrumentation, d'observateur ou encore de localisation de poste. De plus, ces données sont souvent discontinues, ce qui ne permet pas de procédure d'homogénéisation et de critique des données. La validité des séries climatiques est donc difficile à établir. Pour permettre une évaluation relative des séries, nous proposons de comparer les séries reconstituées à des reconstructions climatiques issues de différents travaux : (i) SCOPE Climate, qui propose à l'échelle de la France des reconstructions de précipitations et de températures journalières sur une grille de 8 km depuis 1871 à partir d'informations sur la circulation atmosphérique (Caillouet et al., 2016, 2017) ; (ii) FYRE Climate, qui intègre les observations historiques au sol dans les reconstructions SCOPE Climate par un processus d'assimilation de données (Devers et al., 2018) ; (iii) une reconstruction des précipitations et températures mensuelles de bassin sur la période 1659-2017, élaborée à partir des champs de pression atmosphérique et en altitude, sur la base des travaux de Grelier (2017) ; (iv) la base de données E-OBS 17.0 hébergée sur le site "European Climate Assessment & Dataset" qui propose des données de précipitations et températures journalières spatialisées selon une grille de résolution de 0.25° sur la période 1950-2017 (Haylock et al., 2008) ; (v) la réanalyse de surface Safran disponible sur une grille de 8 km sur la France Métropolitaine depuis 1958 (Vidal et al., 2010). En l'absence de série de référence, l'étude se concentrera sur la cohérence entre les estimations issues de ces différentes méthodes et sur une analyse de la dispersion constatée selon la profondeur des données. La comparaison portera plus précisément sur les séries de précipitations et températures mensuelles moyennes sur la période 1871-2012 de quatre sous bassins versants de la Meuse et de la Moselle (Moselle à Épinal et à Hauconcourt, Meurthe à Malzéville et Meuse à Saint-Mihiel). Le choix de ces sous-bassins est lié à la disponibilité de données hydrométriques historiques qui seront utilisées ultérieurement dans ce projet pour valider les reconstitutions hydro-climatologiques proposées.
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- 2019
5. SCOPE Climate: a 142-year daily high-resolution ensemble meteorological reconstruction dataset over France
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Caillouet, L., Vidal, Jean-Philippe, Sauquet, Eric, Graff, B., Soubeyroux, J.M., RiverLy (UR Riverly), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), INRS MONTREAL QUEBEC CAN, Partenaires IRSTEA, Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Compagnie Nationale du Rhône (CNR), and Météo France
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CLIMATE ,HIGH RESOLUTION ,CLIMAT ,[SDE]Environmental Sciences ,FRANCE ,ENSEMBLE ,HISTORICAL RECONSTRUCTION ,HAUTE RÉSOLUTION ,RECONSTRUCTION HISTORIQUE - Abstract
International audience; SCOPE Climate (Spatially COherent Probabilistic Extended Climate dataset) is a 25-member ensemble of 142-year daily high-resolution reconstructions of precipitation, temperature, and Penman-Monteith reference evapotranspiration over France, from 1 January 1871 to 29 December 2012. SCOPE Climate provides an ensemble of 25 spatially coherent gridded multivariate time series. It is derived from the statistical downscaling of the Twentieth Century Reanalysis (20CR) by the SCOPE method, which is based on the analogue approach. SCOPE Climate performs well in comparison to both dependent and independent data for precipitation and temperature. The ensemble aspect corresponds to the uncertainty related to the SCOPE method. SCOPE Climate is the first century-long gridded high-resolution homogeneous dataset available over France and thus has paved the way for improving knowledge on specific past meteorological events or for improving knowledge on climate variability, since the end of the 19th century. This dataset has also been designed as a forcing dataset for long-term hydrological applications and studies of the hydrological consequences of climate variability over France.
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- 2019
6. Connecting Our Resources: Louisianaʼs Approach to Community Health Network Development
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Broussard, Marsha, Blackwell, Robyn, Caillouet, L. Philip, Nichols, Kristy Holloway, and Shipman, Margaret
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- 2003
7. Impact de la variabilité multidécennale sur les estimations de débits d'étiage de référence sur la France
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Vidal, J.P., Caillouet, L., Devers, A., Sauquet, E., RiverLy (UR Riverly), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), and IRSTEA LYON UR RIVERLY FRA
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low water ,MULTIDECADAL VARIABILITY ,LOW-FLOWS ,VARIABILITÉ MULTIDÉCENNALE ,[SDE]Environmental Sciences ,FRANCE ,ETIAGE ,time variability ,VARIABILITE TEMPORELLE ,ETIAGES - Abstract
International audience; Low-flow statistics support the definition of legal thresholds used for estimating environmental flows, and for designing water structures or maximum abstraction levels. In France, the most used low-flow statistics is the annual monthly minimum flow with a 5-year return period (called QMNA5). Such low-flow statistics are moreover usually estimated from observations over the last few decades. Streamflow observations are indeed barely available before the end of the 1960s in France. This works aims at demonstrating that such low-flow estimates are highly dependent on the period chosen for calculation, as a consequence of the large multidecadal climate - and thus hydrological - variability. The basis for this analysis is the SCOPE Hydro dataset, a 25-member ensemble daily streamflow reconstruction for more than 600 near-natural catchments in France covering the period 1871-2012 (Caillouet et al., 2017). The SCOPE Hydro dataset had been derived through a hydrometeorological reconstruction approach that combines a statistical downscaling of the Twentieth Century Reanalysis (Compo et al., 2011) and catchment-scale hydrological modelling. A complementary dataset is the Safran Hydro dataset, derived from the same hydrological models but using the Safran meteorological reanalysis from 1958 onwards (Vidal et al., 2010). The QMNA5 low-flow statistics are here computed for all catchments over 7 consecutive 20-year periods, from (1) observations, (2) the Safran Hydro dataset, starting with 1971-1990, and (3) the SCOPE Hydro dataset, starting with 1871-1890. QMNA5 values are estimated by fitting a lognormal distribution, and in a probabilistic way to take account of sampling uncertainty. The performance of SCOPE Hydro is first assessed by its ability to reproduce low-flows statistics as derived from both observations and Safran hydro over the recent overlapping periods. Results of the long-term analysis show a large multidecadal variability of QMNA5 estimates over the 7 periods covering the end of the 19th century and the whole 20th century. They notably show significantly higher values between the most recent period (1991-2010) and some earlier periods, notably 1871-1990 and 1911-1930. These results are consistent with the identification of extreme spatio-temporal low-flow events at the scale of France previously derived from the SCOPE Hydro dataset (Caillouet et al., 2017). They critically question current practices for estimating legal streamflow thresholds, which generally use a short and recent period for determining low-flow statistics and associated uncertainty.
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- 2018
8. Impact of multidecadal climate variability on policy-relevant low-flow estimates over France
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Vidal, Jean-Philippe, Caillouet, L., Devers, Alexandre, Sauquet, Eric, RiverLy (UR Riverly), and Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)
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MULTIDECADAL VARIABILITY ,LOW-FLOWS ,VARIABILITÉ MULTIDÉCENNALE ,[SDE]Environmental Sciences ,FRANCE ,ETIAGES - Abstract
International audience; Low-flow statistics support the definition of legal thresholds used for estimating environmental flows, and for designing water structures or maximum abstraction levels. In France, the most used low-flow statistics is the annual monthly minimum flow with a 5-year return period (called QMNA5). Such low-flow statistics are moreover usually estimated from observations over the last few decades. Streamflow observations are indeed barely available before the end of the 1960s in France. This works aims at demonstrating that such low-flow estimates are highly dependent on the period chosen for calculation, as a consequence of the large multidecadal climate - and thus hydrological - variability. The basis for this analysis is the SCOPE Hydro dataset, a 25-member ensemble daily streamflow reconstruction for more than 600 near-natural catchments in France covering the period 1871-2012 (Caillouet et al., 2017). The SCOPE Hydro dataset had been derived through a hydrometeorological reconstruction approach that combines a statistical downscaling of the Twentieth Century Reanalysis (Compo et al., 2011) and catchment-scale hydrological modelling. A complementary dataset is the Safran Hydro dataset, derived from the same hydrological models but using the Safran meteorological reanalysis from 1958 onwards (Vidal et al., 2010). The QMNA5 low-flow statistics are here computed for all catchments over 7 consecutive 20-year periods, from (1) observations, (2) the Safran Hydro dataset, starting with 1971-1990, and (3) the SCOPE Hydro dataset, starting with 1871-1890. QMNA5 values are estimated by fitting a lognormal distribution, and in a probabilistic way to take account of sampling uncertainty. The performance of SCOPE Hydro is first assessed by its ability to reproduce low-flows statistics as derived from both observations and Safran hydro over the recent overlapping periods. Results of the long-term analysis show a large multidecadal variability of QMNA5 estimates over the 7 periods covering the end of the 19th century and the whole 20th century. They notably show significantly higher values between the most recent period (1991-2010) and some earlier periods, notably 1871-1990 and 1911-1930. These results are consistent with the identification of extreme spatio-temporal low-flow events at the scale of France previously derived from the SCOPE Hydro dataset (Caillouet et al., 2017). They critically question current practices for estimating legal streamflow thresholds, which generally use a short and recent period for determining low-flow statistics and associated uncertainty.
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- 2018
9. Challenges in the quantification and management of future water resources
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Martin, E., Arnaud, P., Barreteau, O., Caillouet, L., Graff, B., Perrin, Charles, Sauquet, Eric, Vidal, Jean-Philippe, Thirel, Guillaume, Therond, Olivier, Risques, Ecosystèmes, Vulnérabilité, Environnement, Résilience (RECOVER), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Gestion de l'Eau, Acteurs, Usages (UMR G-EAU), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-AgroParisTech-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), RiverLy (UR Riverly), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Compagnie Nationale du Rhône (CNR), Hydrosystèmes continentaux anthropisés : ressources, risques, restauration (UR HYCAR), AGroécologie, Innovations, teRritoires (AGIR), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-AgroParisTech-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, and Irstea Publications, Migration
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[SDE] Environmental Sciences ,CHANGEMENT CLIMATIQUE ,WATER RESOURCES ,CLIMATE CHANGE ,[SDE]Environmental Sciences ,RESSOURCES EN EAU ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS - Abstract
[Departement_IRSTEA]Eaux [TR1_IRSTEA]ARCEAU [ADD1_IRSTEA]Hydrosystèmes et risques naturels [ADD2_IRSTEA]Adaptation des territoires au changement global; International audience
- Published
- 2018
10. Analyse des étiages historiques
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Jean-Philippe Vidal, Caillouet, L., Alexandre Devers, Eric Sauquet, Graff, B., Hydrologie-Hydraulique (UR HHLY), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Compagnie Nationale du Rhône (CNR), and Irstea Publications, Migration
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[SDE] Environmental Sciences ,[SDE]Environmental Sciences ,LOW FLOWS ,FRANCE ,HISTORICAL RECONSTRUCTION ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS ,RECONSTRUCTION HISTORIQUE - Abstract
National audience
- Published
- 2017
11. SCOPE Climate: a high-resolution ensemble meteorological downscaling of the Twentieth Century Reanalysis over France from 1871 to 2012
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Caillouet, L., Vidal, Jean-Philippe, Sauquet, Eric, Graff, B., Hydrologie-Hydraulique (UR HHLY), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Compagnie Nationale du Rhône (CNR), IRSTEA LYON UR HHLY FRA, and CNR LYON FRA
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DESCENTE D'ÉCHELLE STATISTIQUE ,STATISTICAL DOWNSCALING ,CHANGEMENT D'ECHELLE ,DESCENTE D’ÉCHELLE STATISTIQUE ,[SDE]Environmental Sciences ,climatology ,scale conversion ,CLIMATOLOGIE ,HISTORICAL RECONSTRUCTION ,RECONSTRUCTION HISTORIQUE - Abstract
International audience; This work presents SCOPE Climate, a daily high-resolution ensemble reconstruction of precipitation and temperature fields in France over the 1871-2012 period. The objective is to fill in the spatial and temporal data gaps in surface observations in order to improve our knowledge on the local-scale climate variability from the late nineteenth century onwards. The SCOPE Climate dataset has been obtained through the statistical downscaling of the NOAA Twentieth Century global extended atmospheric reanalysis (20CR) with the SCOPE method (Spatially COherent Probabilistic Extension method). SCOPE extends the SANDHY method (Stepwise Analogue Downscaling Method for Hydrology) originally developed for daily quantitative precipitation forecast. SCOPE consists in refining analogues dates and associated predictand values found through the application of SANDHY with locally optimized predictor domains over France. It first includes two additional analogy levels with large-scale 2m-temperature and sea surface temperature as predictors. The driest analogue dates are then removed to correct for the remaining wet bias. Finally, the Schaake Shuffle procedure ensures the spatial coherence of 8-km precipitation and temperature fields for each of the 25 ensemble members of the SCOPE Climate dataset. SCOPE Climate presents very little bias in comparison to the reference Safran surface reanalysis on their common period (1958-2012). There is a slight overestimation of precipitation in spring (around 10%), and an underestimation/overestimation (within 1 °C) in summer/winter mean temperature, respectively. The seasonal variability of both precipitation and temperature is well reconstructed and SCOPE Climate is able to capture the increasing trend in temperature since the 1990s. This high-resolution daily dataset allows for the first time detailed long-term analyses of meteorological trends in a comprehensive way over the whole country. In particular, SCOPE Climate highlights the large multidecadal variability in precipitation that occurred over the last 140 years.
- Published
- 2017
12. Transferability of an ensemble downscaling method across time periods and predictor datasets
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Radanovics, S., Caillouet, L., Vidal, Jean-Philippe, Sauquet, Eric, Bontron, G., Ben Daoud, A., Graff, B., Hydrologie-Hydraulique (UR HHLY), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Compagnie Nationale du Rhône (CNR), and Irstea Publications, Migration
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[SDE] Environmental Sciences ,STATISTICAL DONWSCALING ,DESCENTE D’ÉCHELLE STATISTIQUE ,[SDE]Environmental Sciences ,TRANSFÉRABILITÉ ,VALIDATION ,TRANSFERABILITY - Abstract
International audience; Perfect prognosis statistical downscaling methods (SDMs) are calibrated using predictors from a given large-scale reanalysis over a given period, and subsequently applied with predictors from Global Climate Models (GCMs). Their temporal transferability, i.e. their robustness in a different period – and therefore a different climate – is rarely tested. Similarly the sensitivity to a change in the reanalysis chosen for calibration remains an open issue in statistical downscaling. These two transferability issues are however crucial in the evaluation of any perfect prognosis method. This work proposes transferability experiments with the SANDHY (Stepwise Analogue Downscaling method for Hydrology) ensemble method optimized locally over France for daily precipitation downscaling. Eight experiments therefore explore the performance sensitivity of SANDHY to all possible combinations of: (1) the choice of the spatial domain of predictors over which analogy is sought, optimized over the 1982-2002 period, but with either the ERA-40 or 20CR reanalysis, (2) the choice of the candidate analogue situations, taken over the same 1982-2002 period but from either ERA-40 or 20CR predictors, and (3) the target situations to be downscaled, taken from the same reanalysis as the candidate situations for coherence, but defined as either the 1982-2002 period or the fully independent 1958-1978 period. Conclusions from this panel of experiments may be summarized as follows using the Continuous Ranked Probability Skill Score as a performance measure: (1) Optimizing predictor domains with 20CR data leads to only slightly lower performance than with those optimized with ERA-40 data, (2) using candidate analogue situations from 20CR predictors instead of ERA-40 predictors leads to a decrease in performance, and (3) the performance is slightly higher in the northern half of France when simulating the 1958-1978 period, and lower over the southern part, especially in the Cévennes area exposed to a high interannual variability. The spatial pattern in temporal transferability may be partly explained by the pattern in changes in total precipitation between the two periods. Additional experiments with hybrid predictor datasets from ERA-40 and 20CR are under way to hopefully identify the specific 20CR predictors that lead to a lower overall performance.
- Published
- 2017
13. Ensemble analogue downscaling of the Twentieth Century Reanalysis over France for 140-year-long hydrological reconstructions
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Vidal, Jean-Philippe, Caillouet, L., Sauquet, Eric, Graff, B., Hydrologie-Hydraulique (UR HHLY), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Compagnie Nationale du Rhône (CNR), and Irstea Publications, Migration
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[SDE] Environmental Sciences ,HYDROLOGY ,STATISTICAL DOWNSCALING ,DESCENTE D’ÉCHELLE STATISTIQUE ,[SDE]Environmental Sciences ,HISTORICAL RECONSTRUCTION ,CLIMATOLOGIE ,CLIMATOLOGY ,RECONSTRUCTION HISTORIQUE - Abstract
International audience; The record length of streamflow observations is generally limited to the last 50 years even in data-rich countries like France. This is not enough to properly explore the long-term hydrometeorological variability, which is a key to better disentangle the effects of anthropogenic climate change from natural variability. In order to overcome this limit, the SCOPE (Spatially COherent Probabilistic Extension) ensemble analogue downscaling method is used to bridge the scale gap between the large-scale Twentieth Century Reanalysis and local meteorological variables relevant for catchment-scale hydrology. SCOPE extends the SANDHY method (Stepwise Analogue Downscaling Method for Hydrology) originally developed for daily quantitative precipitation forecast. SCOPE consists in refining analogues dates and associated predict and values found by applying SANDHY with locally optimized predictor domains over France. SCOPE first includes two additional analogy levels with large-scale 2m-temperature and sea surface temperature as predictors. The driest analogue dates are then removed to correct for the remaining wet bias. Finally, the Schaake Shuffle procedure ensures the spatial coherence of 8-km precipitation and temperature fields for each of the 25 ensemble members of this meteorological reconstruction called SCOPE Climate. SCOPE Climate presents very little bias in comparison to the reference Safran surface reanalysis on their common period (1958-2012). There is a slight overestimation of precipitation in spring (around 10%), and an underestimation/overestimation (within 1 deg C) in summer/winter mean temperature, respectively. SCOPE Climate is able to capture the seasonal variability of precipitation and temperature as well as the increasing trend in temperature since the 1990s. It also highlights the large multi decadal variability in precipitation that occurred over the last 140 years. A continuous hydrological modelling using SCOPE Climate as forcings then allowed reconstructing 25-member ensembles of daily streamflow time series for more than 600 near-natural catchments in France over the 1871-2012 period. The resulting SCOPE Hydro reconstruction dataset was recently used to identify and characterize spatiotemporal extreme low-flow events in a homogeneous way over France and over a 140-year period. This analysis built on innovative aspects for defining local extreme low-flow events and for matching events across the whole country. On top of recent events like 1976 or 1989-1990, it brought forward the outstanding 1921 and 1940s events but also older and less known ones that still are the most severe ones to date in specific regions, like 1893 in the North-East of France and 1878 around the Mediterranean coast. The SCOPE Climate and SCOPE Hydro thus pave the way for further analyses of long-term meteorological and hydrological variability and trends in a comprehensive way over the whole France.
- Published
- 2017
14. Caractérisation des sécheresses et étiages extrêmes
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Soubeyroux, J.M., Vidal, Jean-Philippe, Caillouet, L., Météo France, Hydrologie-Hydraulique (UR HHLY), and Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)
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DROUGHTS ,[SDE]Environmental Sciences ,LOW FLOWS ,CHARACTERIZATION - Abstract
National audience; Les sécheresses récurrentes que connaît la France depuis l'été 2003 et notamment celle du printemps 2011, de l'été 2015 ou encore de ce printemps, ont rappelé la sensibilité de nos systèmes aux extrêmes hydrologiques et à la disponibilité de la ressource en eau, et des enjeux de l'adaptation dans la perspective du changement climatique. Les sècheresses, qui se définissent comme un déficit hydrique anormal sur une période prolongée se déclinent en différents types, météorologique pour un déficit de cumul de précipitation, agricole ou édaphique pour l'humidité des sols, hydrologique pour les débits des cours d'eau ou le niveau des nappes. La caractérisation des situations de sécheresse ou d'étiages sévères impliquent aussi de pouvoir passer de données locales à une notion d'événement intégrant des dimensions spatiales, temporelles et aussi une métrique sur l'intensité du phénomène. S'il n'existe pas d'indicateur de sécheresse universel, l'Organisation Mondiale de la Météorologie a préconisé l'utilisation du Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI), pouvant être adapté à d'autres variables hydrologiques comme l'indice d'humidité des sols (Soil Wetness Index) caractérisant le pourcentage d'eau du sol disponible pour la végétation (projet ClimSec). Ces indicateurs utilisés en opérationnel pour le suivi hydrologique national permettent aussi une analyse de la variabilité passée des sècheresses à partir de chroniques pluviométriques anciennes ou de réanalyses hydrométéorologiques. La disponibilité de chroniques anciennes homogènes et suffisamment denses est ainsi indispensable pour qualifier le caractère exceptionnel d'un évènement extrême. Ainsi, on peut analyser les sècheresses météorologiques depuis la fin du XIXème siècle à partir des séries pluviométriques homogénéisées tandis que le diagnostic sur les situations de sécheresses du sol est principalement disponible depuis 1959. En matière d'étiage sévère, les données de débit sont principalement disponibles depuis les années 1950 en France et des méthodes de reconstruction des étiages plus anciens ont dû être développées pour mettre en perspective les situations observées ces dernières années par rapport aux évènements majeurs de la fin du XIXème siècle et début du XXème siècle. De nombreux outils et diagnostics sont donc aujourd'hui disponibles pour cette caractérisation des situations de sécheresse en temps réel mais les besoins opérationnels s'élargissent à présent sur les horizons prévisionnels allant de la saison aux échéances du changement climatique. Dans le cadre du projet Euporias, financé par l'Union Européenne, un prototype de prévision saisonnière hydrologique a été développé avec l'EPTB Seine Grands Lacs et évalué en termes de service rendu à l'utilisateur. En climat futur, les résultats du projet ClimSec (2008-2011) sur l'évolution attendue des sécheresses en France pourront être prochainement remis à jour dans le cadre du projet CHIMERE avec l'Agence de l'Eau Rhin Meuse.
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- 2017
15. Incertitudes de descente d'échelle et hydrologique dans les reconstructions hydrométéorologiques sur le XXe siècle sur la France
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Vidal, J.P., Caillouet, L., Dayon, G., Boe, J., Sauquet, E., Thirel, G., Graff, B., Hydrologie-Hydraulique (UR HHLY), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Hydrosystèmes et Bioprocédés (UR HBAN), Compagnie Nationale du Rhône (CNR), Irstea Publications, Migration, CERFACS TOULOUSE FRA, Partenaires IRSTEA, Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), IRSTEA LYON UR HHLY FRA, URA 1875 CNRS CERFACS TOULOUSE FRA, IRSTEA ANTONY UR HBAN FRA, and CNR LYON FRA
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[SDE] Environmental Sciences ,CHANGEMENT D'ECHELLE ,HYDROLOGIE ,statistical uncertainty ,hydrology ,UNCERTAINTY ,scale conversion (expert) ,MULTI-DECADAL VARIABILITY ,HYDROMETEOROLOGIE ,change of scale ,HISTORICAL RECONSTRUCTIONS ,RECONSTRUCTIONS HISTORIQUES ,CLIMATE ,HYDROLOGY ,DOWNSCALING ,VARIABILITÉ MULTI-DECENNALE ,INCERTITUDE ,CLIMAT ,[SDE]Environmental Sciences ,DESCENTE D'ECHELLE ,hydrometeorology - Abstract
National audience; This work proposes a comparison of different hydrometeorological reconstruction datasets built on the downscaling of the NOAA 20th century global extended reanalysis (20CR, Compo et al., 2011). It aims at assessing the quality of these reconstructions and improving our knowledge of the multi-decadal hydrometeorological variability over the 20th century. The historical depth of hydrological observations is generally limited to the last 50 years, which is not enough to properly explore the natural hydrometeorological variability, a key to better understand the effects of anthropogenic climate change. In order to overcome this limit, downscaling methods are used to bridge the scale gap between extended large scale reanalyses that are available from the late 19th century onwards, such as 20CR, and local meteorological variables relevant for catchment-scale hydrology. A continuous hydrological modelling using the high-resolution meteorological reconstructions as forcings allows then to reconstruct 20th century streamflow time series. The results from two downscaling methods and two hydrological models are here compared for a reference network of stations in France over the whole 1900-2012 period. The statistical downscaling methods provide either probabilistic or deterministic meteorological fields used as forcings in a conceptual lumped or a physically-based distributed hydrological model. Comparing the different hydrometeorological time series allows (1) quantifying the uncertainties related to the downscaling and the hydrological modelling, and (2) assessing their relative contributions across catchments and across time periods.
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- 2017
16. Ensemble reconstruction of spatio-temporal extreme low-flow events in France since 1871
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Caillouet, L., Vidal, Jean-Philippe, Sauquet, Eric, Devers, Alexandre, Graff, B., Hydrologie-Hydraulique (UR HHLY), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), and Compagnie Nationale du Rhône (CNR)
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EVENEMENT EXTREME ,CHANGEMENT D'ECHELLE ,HYDROLOGIE ,hydrology ,scale conversion (expert) ,MODELISATION ,change of scale ,HISTORIQUE ,modelling ,low water ,[SDE]Environmental Sciences ,ETIAGE ,history ,[SDU.STU.HY]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology ,extreme event - Abstract
International audience; The length of streamflow observations is generally limited to the last 50 years even in data-rich countries like France. It therefore offers too small a sample of extreme low-flow events to properly explore the long-term evolution of their characteristics and associated impacts. To overcome this limit, this work first presents a daily 140-year ensemble reconstructed streamflow dataset for a reference network of near-natural catchments in France. This dataset, called SCOPE Hydro (Spatially COherent Probabilistic Extended Hydrological dataset), is based on (1) a probabilistic precipitation, temperature, and reference evapotranspiration downscaling of the Twentieth Century Reanalysis over France, called SCOPE Climate, and (2) continuous hydrological modelling using SCOPE Climate as forcings over the whole period. This work then introduces tools for defining spatio-temporal extreme low-flow events. Extreme low-flow events are first locally defined through the sequent peak algorithm using a novel combination of a fixed threshold and a daily variable threshold. A dedicated spatial matching procedure is then established to identify spatio-temporal events across France. This procedure is furthermore adapted to the SCOPE Hydro 25-member ensemble to characterize in a probabilistic way unrecorded historical events at the national scale. Extreme low-flow events are described and compared in a spatially and temporally homogeneous way over 140 years on a large set of catchments. Results highlight well-known recent events like 1976 or 1989-1990, but also older and relatively forgotten ones like the 1878 and 1893 events. These results contribute to improving our knowledge of historical events and provide a selection of benchmark events for climate change adaptation purposes. Moreover, this study allows for further detailed analyses of the effect of climate variability and anthropogenic climate change on low-flow hydrology at the scale of France.
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- 2017
17. Water resources and climate change in Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur Region
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Nicault, A., Arnal, C., Arnaud, P., Aspe, C., Bidet, Yannick, Brigode, P., Caillouet, L., Chanzy, Andre, Chiu, V., Douvinet, J., Francart, C., Garrone, C., Graff, B., Grémont, M., Grillas, P., Hérivaux, Cécile, Jacque, M., Kaldonski, N., Kuentz, A., Maréchal, J.C., Martin, P., Mathevet, T., Maughan, N., Monière, C., Olivari, G., Prats, J., Richard, S., Rieu, Thierry, Rivet, F., Roche, N., Roux, D., Sauquet, Eric, Schimmelpfennig, I., Soubeyroux, J.M., Vallet-Coulomb, C., Vennetier, M., Vidal, Jean-Philippe, Wilhelm, B., GREC PACA MARSEILLE FRA, Partenaires IRSTEA, Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM), Risques, Ecosystèmes, Vulnérabilité, Environnement, Résilience (RECOVER), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Laboratoire Population-Environnement-Développement (LPED), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Météo France, COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA), Hydrologie-Hydraulique (UR HHLY), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université Jean Moulin - Lyon 3 (UJML), Université de Lyon, Études des Structures, des Processus d’Adaptation et des Changements de l’Espace (ESPACE), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Avignon Université (AU)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), MAISON REGIONALE DE L'EAU BARJOLS FRA, Compagnie Nationale du Rhône (CNR), Station Biologique de la Tour du Valat, Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Avignon Université (AU), INSTITUT METEOROLOGIQUE ET HYDROLOGIQUE SMHI SWE, EDF (EDF), Ecosystèmes continentaux et risques environnementaux (ECCOREV), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Agence de l'eau Rhône Méditérranée Corse, Gestion de l'Eau, Acteurs, Usages (UMR G-EAU), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-AgroParisTech-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Collectivités territoriales Autres (partenariat avec la sphère publique (sans AO)), and irstea
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CHANGEMENT CLIMATIQUE ,[SDE]Environmental Sciences ,PROVENCE ALPES COTE D’AZUR ,RESSOURCE EN EAU ,RÉGION PROVENCE-ALPES-CÔTE D'AZUR - Abstract
La région Provence-Alpes-Côte d’Azur est un territoire contrasté d’un point de vue géographique et démographique. Ce contraste existe également en termes de disponibilité de la ressource en eau. Les différences de ressources, importantes au nord (Alpes du Sud) et limitées au sud (basse Provence) sont aggravées par l’existence, en zone méditerranéenne, d’une période sèche estivale. Ces facteurs déterminent des étiages très prononcés pouvant aller jusqu’à des assecs sur de longues parties des talwegs. L’inégalité territoriale vis à-vis de la ressource en eau a engendré la réalisation de nombreuses infrastructures de transfert de l’eau au cours du temps, suivant en cela les développements économiques et démographiques de la région. Ces aménagements ont fortement réduit les inégalités territoriales d’accès à la ressource en eau et ont permis, grâce notamment aux stockages, de s’affranchir d’une partie des contraintes saisonnières et géographiques. Mais lors des années de forte sécheresse (2003-2007), les tensions restent toutefois perceptibles et l’équilibre autour de la multiplicité des usages pourrait s’avérer fragile dans un futur soumis au changement climatique. Les incertitudes sur l’évolution de la ressource en eau (quantité et qualité) sont très grandes. Les fortes incertitudes sur les prévisions des précipitations, la complexité des systèmes hydrologiques, la forte pression humaine sur ces systèmes et le manque de connaissances (surtout concernant le suivi instrumental des cours d’eau) rendent extrêmement difficile la modélisation de ces systèmes, et donc l’évaluation de l’impact du changement sur la ressource future. Malgré tout, les résultats des travaux scientifiques sur la ressource en eau dans le futur montrent une trajectoire commune et cohérente pour la région Provence-Alpes-Côte d’Azur. En considérant un scénario climatique médian, les débits annuels moyens, la recharge des aquifères, ou l’humidité du sol, seront probablement tous affectés par une diminution comprise entre 10 et 30 % vers 2050. Cette tendance devrait s’accentuer à la fin du siècle. La diminution des débits ne sera pas également répartie sur l’année. Le printemps et l’été seront plus particulièrement touchés, avec une diminution des débits qui pourrait atteindre 50 % dans certains secteurs en raison d’une sécheresse estivale plus sévère en intensité et en durée. La diminution du manteau neigeux, de plus de 50 % au-dessous de 1800 m, et sa fonte plus précoce viendront également renforcer les étiages estivaux et printaniers. Dans le contexte du changement climatique, les ressources en eau montrent donc une tendance générale à la baisse et avec un manque d’eau accru en été. Ce ne sera pas sans conséquence sur les usages et le partage de l’eau. À la lueur de ces résultats, comment appréhender dès aujourd’hui la gestion de la ressource pour assurer un accès à tous dans le futur, en tenant compte à la fois des contraintes géographiques et culturelles spécifiques à notre territoire régional, mais aussi des transformations économiques et démographiques potentielles ? Sachant aussi que les écosystèmes aquatiques ne devront pas être écartés des réflexions et des mesures d’adaptation qui en découleront. En effet, une attention toute particulière doit être portée à la protection et la conservation de la biodiversité de ces écosystèmes déjà fortement impactés par les activités humaines (prélèvements, rejets, artificialisation des cours d’eau etc.). Il s’avère nécessaire aujourd’hui d’intégrer les enjeux de l’eau dans l’aménagement du territoire afin d’assurer une gestion durable de la ressource et des milieux aquatiques. Il s’agira à la fois d’optimiser l’équilibre entre les différents usages (énergie, agriculture, eau potable) et entre utilisation des ressources locales et le recours au transfert d’eau, de préserver le bon état des eaux et des milieux, mais aussi de favoriser l’innovation et les zones de sauvegarde de ressources stratégiques. Une telle approche intégrée est déjà mise en oeuvre par l’Assemblée pour une Gouvernance Opérationnelle de la Ressource en eau et des Aquifères (AGORA) de la Région Provence-Alpes-Côte d’Azur, avec pour objectif, entre autres, de favoriser simultanément une culture de l’eau et des pratiques partagées entre acteurs ainsi que des outils adaptés pour l’action. Nous n’avons pas traité dans ce document les problématiques liées aux aléas hydrologiques. Ces événements météorologiques extrêmes, pluies torrentielles, inondations, avalanches et mouvements de terrains imputables au rôle hydromécanique de l’eau, sont des phénomènes naturels potentiellement destructeurs, mais que nous n’avons pas rattachés ici à la ressource en eau. En effet, ces phénomènes sont plutôt considérés à travers les risques qu’ils présentent pour une population donnée, c’est-à-dire par la probabilité de dommages occasionnés aux personnes et aux biens dans des situations d’occurrence aléatoire. De plus, il est encore aujourd’hui très difficile de faire un lien entre aléa hydrologique et changement climatique, les discussions à ce sujet restant ouvertes.
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- 2017
18. Les ressources en eau et le changement climatique en Provence-Alpes-Côte d’Azur
- Author
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Nicault, A., Arnal, C., Arnaud, P., Aspe, C., Bidet, Yannick, Brigode, P., Caillouet, L., Chanzy, Andre, Chiu, V., Douvinet, J., Francart, C., Garrone, C., Graff, B., Grémont, M., Grillas, P., Hérivaux, Cécile, Jacque, M., Kaldonski, N., Kuentz, A., Maréchal, J.C., Martin, P., Mathevet, T., Maughan, N., Monière, C., Olivari, G., Prats, J., Richard, S., Rieu, Thierry, Rivet, F., Roche, N., Roux, D., Sauquet, Eric, Schimmelpfennig, I., Soubeyroux, J.M., Vallet-Coulomb, C, Vennetier, M., Vidal, Jean-Philippe, Wilhelm, B., GREC PACA MARSEILLE FRA, Partenaires IRSTEA, Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM), Risques, Ecosystèmes, Vulnérabilité, Environnement, Résilience (RECOVER), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Laboratoire Population-Environnement-Développement (LPED), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Météo-France Direction Interrégionale Sud-Est (DIRSE), Météo-France, COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA), Hydrologie-Hydraulique (UR HHLY), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université Jean Moulin - Lyon 3 (UJML), Université de Lyon, Études des Structures, des Processus d’Adaptation et des Changements de l’Espace (ESPACE), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), MAISON REGIONALE DE L'EAU BARJOLS FRA, Compagnie Nationale du Rhône (CNR), Station Biologique de la Tour du Valat, Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), INSTITUT METEOROLOGIQUE ET HYDROLOGIQUE SMHI SWE, EDF (EDF), Ecosystèmes continentaux et risques environnementaux (ECCOREV), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Agence de l'eau Rhône Méditérranée Corse, Gestion de l'Eau, Acteurs, Usages (UMR G-EAU), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-AgroParisTech-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Collectivités territoriales Autres (partenariat avec la sphère publique (sans AO)), irstea, Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Météo France, Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Avignon Université (AU)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Avignon Université (AU), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), and Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)
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CHANGEMENT CLIMATIQUE ,[SDE]Environmental Sciences ,PROVENCE ALPES COTE D’AZUR ,RESSOURCE EN EAU ,RÉGION PROVENCE-ALPES-CÔTE D'AZUR - Abstract
[Departement_IRSTEA]Territoires [TR1_IRSTEA]SEDYVIN; La région Provence-Alpes-Côte d’Azur est un territoire contrasté d’un point de vue géographique et démographique. Ce contraste existe également en termes de disponibilité de la ressource en eau. Les différences de ressources, importantes au nord (Alpes du Sud) et limitées au sud (basse Provence) sont aggravées par l’existence, en zone méditerranéenne, d’une période sèche estivale. Ces facteurs déterminent des étiages très prononcés pouvant aller jusqu’à des assecs sur de longues parties des talwegs. L’inégalité territoriale vis à-vis de la ressource en eau a engendré la réalisation de nombreuses infrastructures de transfert de l’eau au cours du temps, suivant en cela les développements économiques et démographiques de la région. Ces aménagements ont fortement réduit les inégalités territoriales d’accès à la ressource en eau et ont permis, grâce notamment aux stockages, de s’affranchir d’une partie des contraintes saisonnières et géographiques. Mais lors des années de forte sécheresse (2003-2007), les tensions restent toutefois perceptibles et l’équilibre autour de la multiplicité des usages pourrait s’avérer fragile dans un futur soumis au changement climatique. Les incertitudes sur l’évolution de la ressource en eau (quantité et qualité) sont très grandes. Les fortes incertitudes sur les prévisions des précipitations, la complexité des systèmes hydrologiques, la forte pression humaine sur ces systèmes et le manque de connaissances (surtout concernant le suivi instrumental des cours d’eau) rendent extrêmement difficile la modélisation de ces systèmes, et donc l’évaluation de l’impact du changement sur la ressource future. Malgré tout, les résultats des travaux scientifiques sur la ressource en eau dans le futur montrent une trajectoire commune et cohérente pour la région Provence-Alpes-Côte d’Azur. En considérant un scénario climatique médian, les débits annuels moyens, la recharge des aquifères, ou l’humidité du sol, seront probablement tous affectés par une diminution comprise entre 10 et 30 % vers 2050. Cette tendance devrait s’accentuer à la fin du siècle. La diminution des débits ne sera pas également répartie sur l’année. Le printemps et l’été seront plus particulièrement touchés, avec une diminution des débits qui pourrait atteindre 50 % dans certains secteurs en raison d’une sécheresse estivale plus sévère en intensité et en durée. La diminution du manteau neigeux, de plus de 50 % au-dessous de 1800 m, et sa fonte plus précoce viendront également renforcer les étiages estivaux et printaniers. Dans le contexte du changement climatique, les ressources en eau montrent donc une tendance générale à la baisse et avec un manque d’eau accru en été. Ce ne sera pas sans conséquence sur les usages et le partage de l’eau. À la lueur de ces résultats, comment appréhender dès aujourd’hui la gestion de la ressource pour assurer un accès à tous dans le futur, en tenant compte à la fois des contraintes géographiques et culturelles spécifiques à notre territoire régional, mais aussi des transformations économiques et démographiques potentielles ? Sachant aussi que les écosystèmes aquatiques ne devront pas être écartés des réflexions et des mesures d’adaptation qui en découleront. En effet, une attention toute particulière doit être portée à la protection et la conservation de la biodiversité de ces écosystèmes déjà fortement impactés par les activités humaines (prélèvements, rejets, artificialisation des cours d’eau etc.). Il s’avère nécessaire aujourd’hui d’intégrer les enjeux de l’eau dans l’aménagement du territoire afin d’assurer une gestion durable de la ressource et des milieux aquatiques. Il s’agira à la fois d’optimiser l’équilibre entre les différents usages (énergie, agriculture, eau potable) et entre utilisation des ressources locales et le recours au transfert d’eau, de préserver le bon état des eaux et des milieux, mais aussi de favoriser l’innovation et les zones de sauvegarde de ressources stratégiques. Une telle approche intégrée est déjà mise en oeuvre par l’Assemblée pour une Gouvernance Opérationnelle de la Ressource en eau et des Aquifères (AGORA) de la Région Provence-Alpes-Côte d’Azur, avec pour objectif, entre autres, de favoriser simultanément une culture de l’eau et des pratiques partagées entre acteurs ainsi que des outils adaptés pour l’action. Nous n’avons pas traité dans ce document les problématiques liées aux aléas hydrologiques. Ces événements météorologiques extrêmes, pluies torrentielles, inondations, avalanches et mouvements de terrains imputables au rôle hydromécanique de l’eau, sont des phénomènes naturels potentiellement destructeurs, mais que nous n’avons pas rattachés ici à la ressource en eau. En effet, ces phénomènes sont plutôt considérés à travers les risques qu’ils présentent pour une population donnée, c’est-à-dire par la probabilité de dommages occasionnés aux personnes et aux biens dans des situations d’occurrence aléatoire. De plus, il est encore aujourd’hui très difficile de faire un lien entre aléa hydrologique et changement climatique, les discussions à ce sujet restant ouvertes.
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- 2017
19. The European 2015 drought from a hydrological perspective
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Laaha, G., Gauster, T., Tallaksen, L., Vidal, J.P., Stahl, K., Prudhomme, C., Heudorfer, B., Vlnas, R., Ionita, M., Van Lanen, H. A. J., Adler, M.J., Caillouet, L., Delus, C., Fendekova, M., Gailliez, S., Hannaford, J., Kingston, D., Van Loon, A., Mediero, L., Osuch, M., Romanowicz, R., Sauquet, E., Stagge, J. H., Wong, W.K., University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), University of Oslo (UiO), Hydrologie-Hydraulique (UR HHLY), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), University of Freiburg [Freiburg], Centre for Ecology and Hydrology [Wallingford] (CEH), Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), University of Defence in Brno (UoD), Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung (AWI), Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), National Institute of Hydrology and Water Management [Roumanie] (NIHWM), Centre d'Etude et de Recherche en Géographie de l'Aménagement des Paysages et de l'Environnement (CERGAPE - LOTERR), Université de Lorraine (UL), Department of Hydrogeology, Comenius University in Bratislava, Service Public de Wallonie, University of Otago [Dunedin, Nouvelle-Zélande], University of Birmingham [Birmingham], Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Institute of Geophysics [Warsaw], Polska Akademia Nauk = Polish Academy of Sciences (PAN), Norwegian Water Resources and Energy Directorate (NVE), University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences (BOKU), University of Defence [Czech Republic], Wageningen University and Research Centre [Wageningen] (WUR), National Institute of Hydrology and Water Management [Roumanie], Comenius University [Bratislava], and Polska Akademia Nauk (PAN)
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SECHERESSE ,HYDROLOGIE ,[SDE]Environmental Sciences ,hydrology ,drought ,[SDU.STU.HY]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology - Abstract
International audience; In 2015 large parts of Europe were affected by drought. In this paper, we analyze the hydrological footprint (dynamic development over space and time) of the drought of 2015 in terms of both severity (magnitude) and spatial extent and compare it to the extreme drought of 2003. Analyses are based on a range of low flow and hydrological drought indices derived for about 800 streamflow records across Europe, collected in a community effort based on a common protocol. We compare the hydrological footprints of both events with the meteorological footprints, in order to learn from similarities and differences of both perspectives and to draw conclusions for drought management. The region affected by hydrological drought in 2015 differed somewhat from the drought of 2003, with its center located more towards eastern Europe. In terms of low flow magnitude, a region surrounding the Czech Republic was the most affected, with summer low flows that exhibited return intervals of 100 years and more. In terms of deficit volumes, the geographical center of the event was in southern Germany, where the drought lasted a particularly long time. A detailed spatial and temporal assessment of the 2015 event showed that the particular behavior in these regions was partly a result of diverging wetness preconditions in the studied catchments. Extreme droughts emerged where preconditions were particularly dry. In regions with wet preconditions, low flow events developed later and tended to be less severe. For both the 2003 and 2015 events, the onset of the hydrological drought was well correlated with the lowest flow recorded during the event (low flow magnitude), pointing towards a potential for early warning of the severity of streamflow drought. Time series of monthly drought indices (both streamflow- and climate-based indices) showed that meteorological and hydrological events developed differently in space and time, both in terms of extent and severity (magnitude). These results emphasize that drought is a hazard which leaves different footprints on the various components of the water cycle at different spatial and temporal scales. The difference in the dynamic development of meteorological and hydrological drought also implies that impacts on various water-use sectors and river ecology cannot be informed by climate indices alone. Thus, an assessment of drought impacts on water resources requires hydrological data in addition to drought indices based solely on climate data. The transboundary scale of the event also suggests that additional efforts need to be undertaken to make timely pan-European hydrological assessments more operational in the future.
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- 2017
20. Reconstruction hydrométéorologique d'ensemble sur la France depuis 1871
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Vidal, Jean-Philippe, Caillouet, L., Dayon, G., Boé, J., Sauquet, Eric, Thirel, Guillaume, Graff, B., Irstea Publications, Migration, Hydrologie-Hydraulique (UR HHLY), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), CERFACS TOULOUSE FRA, Partenaires IRSTEA, Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Hydrosystèmes et Bioprocédés (UR HBAN), and Compagnie Nationale du Rhône (CNR)
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STREAMFLOW ,[SDE] Environmental Sciences ,[SDE]Environmental Sciences ,DÉBIT ,HYDROCLIMATOLOGY ,HYDROCLIMATOLOGIE ,HISTORICAL RECONSTRUCTION ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS ,RECONSTRUCTION HISTORIQUE - Abstract
International audience
- Published
- 2017
21. Reconstruction hydrométéorologique ensembliste des évènements spatio-temporels d’étiage extrême en France depuis 1871
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Caillouet, L., Jean-Philippe Vidal, Eric Sauquet, Alexandre Devers, Graff, B., Hydrologie-Hydraulique (UR HHLY), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Compagnie Nationale du Rhône (CNR), and Irstea Publications, Migration
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[SDE] Environmental Sciences ,[SDE]Environmental Sciences ,FRANCE - Abstract
National audience; La profondeur historique des observations de débit est généralement limitée aux 50 dernières années et offre de fait un échantillon trop restreint d’événements d’étiage extrêmes pour explorer de manière approfondie l’évolution à long terme de leurs caractéristiques et des impacts associés. Afin de surmonter cette limitation, ce travail s’appuie sur deux jeux de données hydrométéorologiques sur la France : (1) SCOPE Climate (Caillouet et al. 2016a), une reconstruction météorologique journalière probabiliste à haute résolution basé sur une régionalisation de la réanalyse globale étendue 20CR (Compo et al., 2011), et (2) SCOPE Hydro (Caillouet et al., 2016b), une reconstruction journalière probabiliste des débits sur plus de 600 bassins versant faiblement anthropisés, issue d’une modélisation hydrologique continue utilisant SCOPE Climate comme données d’entrée. SCOPE Hydro fournit ainsi un ensemble de 25 reconstructions équiprobables des débits pour un réseau hydrométrique de référence sur la période 1871-2012. Les événements d’étiage extrêmes sont identifiés localement par une combinaison de deux seuils permettant de retenir les périodes où le débit s’écarte du cycle saisonnier normal et présente aussi des valeurs absolues très faibles. Une procédure d’agrégation spatiale de ces événements locaux est ensuite développée afin de caractériser de manière spatio-temporelle les événements d’étiage extrême à l’échelle de la France. Cette procédure est enfin adaptée au contexte ensembliste proposé par SCOPE Hydro. Ces événements spatio-temporels d’étiage extrême sont caractérisés par leur durée, sévérité et extension spatiale. Plusieurs événements émergent de l’analyse, certains récents et très bien documentés comme 1976 et 1989-1990, certains plus anciens mais relativement connus comme 1921, mais aussi plusieurs ayant eu des conséquences socio-économiques importantes au XIXe siècle, notamment en 1878 sur la bordure Méditerranéenne ou 1893 sur une grande moitié Nord de la France. L’évolution sur 140 ans de ces événements met de plus en lumière l’importante variabilité climatique décennale à multi-décennale et ses effets sur l’hydrologie des basses eaux, avec une alternance de périodes humides et de périodes propices aux étiages sévères (décades 1890, 1940, 1970 ou période post-2000).
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- 2016
22. A 140-year high-resolution probabilistic meteorological dataset over France: A contribution to climate services
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Caillouet, L., Vidal, Jean-Philippe, Sauquet, Eric, Graff, B., Hydrologie-Hydraulique (UR HHLY), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Compagnie Nationale du Rhône (CNR), IRSTEA LYON UR HHLY FRA, and CNR LYON FRA
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PROBABILISTIC DOWNSCALING ,RECONSTRUCTION MÉTÉOROLOGIQUE ,SCALE CONVERSION (Expert) ,CHANGEMENT D'ECHELLE ,PROBABILISTIC MODEL ,METEOROLOGY ,FRANCE ,METEOROLOGIE ,DESCENTE D’ÉCHELLE PROBABILISTE ,DESCENTE D'ÉCHELLE PROBABILISTE ,HAUTE RÉSOLUTION ,CHANGE OF SCALE ,ATMOSPHERIC PRECIPITATION ,PRECIPITATION ATMOSPHERIQUE ,MODELE PROBABILISTE ,[SDE]Environmental Sciences ,TEMPERATURE ,HIGH-RESOLUTION ,METEROLOGICAL RECONSTRUCTION - Abstract
National audience; Une reconstruction météorologique probabiliste à haute résolution sur la France depuis 1871 – Contribution aux services climatiques.
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- 2016
23. La sécheresse européenne de 2015 du point de vue hydrologique
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Laaha, G., Gauster, T., Delus, C., Vidal, Jean-Philippe, Van Loon, A., Heudorfer, B., Prudhomme, C., Kingston, D., Rets, E., Sauquet, Eric, Van Lanen, H., Stagge, J. H., Hannaford, J., Stahl, Konrad, Haslinger, K., Caillouet, L., Tallaksen, L., Mediero, L., Gudmundsson, L., Kireeva, M., Hänel, M., Adler, M.J., Osuch, M., Fendekova, M., Ionita Scholz, M., Frolova, N., Vlnas, R., Romanowicz, R., Gailliez, S., Chelcea, S., Wong, W.K., University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Université de Lorraine (UL), Hydrologie-Hydraulique (UR HHLY), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), UNIVERSITY OF BIRMINGHAM GBR, Partenaires IRSTEA, Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), INSTITUTE OF HYDROLOGY FREIBURG DEU, Centre for Ecology and Hydrology [Bangor] (CEH), Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), Loughborough University, University of Otago [Dunedin, Nouvelle-Zélande], RUSSIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES MOSCOW RUS, Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), University of Oslo (UiO), CENTRAL INSTITUTE FOR METEOROLOGY AND GEODYNAMICS ZAMG VIENNA AUT, UNIVERSIDAD POLITECNICA DE MADRID ESP, ETH ZURICH CHE, MOSCOW STATE UNIVERSITY MOSCOW RUS, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague (CZU), National Institute of Hydrology and Water Management [Roumanie] (NIHWM), Institute of Geophysics [Warsaw], Polska Akademia Nauk = Polish Academy of Sciences (PAN), Comenius University in Bratislava, ALFRED WEGENER INSTITUTE FOR POLAR AND MARINE RESEARCH BREMERHAVEN DEU, TGM WRI VUV TG MASARYK WATER RESEARCH INSTITUTE CZE, SERVICE PUBLIC DE WALLONIE CHATELET BEL, and NORWEGIAN WATER RESOURCES AND ENERGY DIRECTORATE OSLO NOR
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EUROPE ,[SDE]Environmental Sciences - Abstract
International audience; The year 2015 was hot and dry in many European countries. A timely assessment of its hydrological impacts constitutes a difficult task, because stream flow records are often not available within 2-3 years after recording. Moreover, monitoring is performed on a national or even provincial basis. There are still major barriers of data access, especially for eastern European countries. Wherever data are available, their compatibility poses a major challenge. In two companion papers we summarize a collaborative initiative of members of UNESCO’s FRIEND-Water program to perform a timely Pan-European assessment of the 2015 drought. In this second part we analyse the hydrological perspective based on streamflow observations. We first describe the data access strategy and the assessment method. We than present the results consisting of a range of low flow indices calculated for about 800 gauges across Europe. We compare the characteristics of the 2015 drought with the average, long-term conditions, and with the specific conditions of the 2003 drought, which is often used as a worst-case benchmark to gauge future drought events. Overall, the hydrological 2015 drought is characterised by a much smaller spatial extend than the 2003 drought. Extreme streamflows are observed mainly in a band North of the Alps spanning from E-France to Poland. In terms of flow magnitude, Czech, E-Germany and N-Austria were most affected. In this region the low flows often had return periods of 100 years and more, indicating that the event was much more severe than the 2003 event. In terms of deficit volumes, the centre of the event was more oriented towards S-Germany. Based on a detailed assessment of the spatio-temporal characteristics at various scales, we are able to explain the different behaviour in these regions by diverging wetness preconditions in the catchments. This suggest that the sole knowledge of atmospheric indices is not sufficient to characterise hydrological drought events. We claim that assessment of impacts on water resources requires hydrological data and additional efforts of Pan-European dimension need to be undertaken to make hydrological assessments more operational in the future.
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- 2016
24. Hydrometerological reconstruction of spatio-temporal extreme low flows in France since 1871
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Caillouet, L., Vidal, Jean-Philippe, Sauquet, Eric, Graff, B., Irstea Publications, Migration, Hydrologie-Hydraulique (UR HHLY), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), and Compagnie Nationale du Rhône (CNR)
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MODÉLISATION HYDROLOGIQUE ,[SDE] Environmental Sciences ,HYDROLOGICAL MODELLING ,LOW FLOWS ,DESCENTE D’ÉCHELLE ,RECONSTRUCTION HISTORIQUE ,EXTREMES ,DOWNSCALING ,EXTREME ,[SDE]Environmental Sciences ,HISTORICAL RECONSTRUCTION ,DROUGHT ,CLIMATOLOGY ,ETIAGES - Abstract
National audience; Reconstruction hydrométéorologique des événements spatio-temporels d’étiage extrêmes en France depuis 1871
- Published
- 2016
25. Hydrology needed to manage droughts: the 2015 European case
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Van Lanen, H.A.J., Laaha, G., Kingston, D.G., Gauster, T., Ionita, M., Vidal, Jean-Philippe, Vlnas, R., Tallaksen, L.M., Stahl, K., Hannaford, J., Delus, C., Fendekova, M., Mediero, L., Prudhomme, C., Rets, E., Romanowicz, R.J., Gailliez, S., Wong, W.K., Adler, M.J., Blauhut, V., Caillouet, L., Chelcea, S., Frolova, N., Gudmundsson, L., Hanel, M., Haslinger, K., Kireeva, M., Osuch, M., Sauquet, Eric, Stagge, J.H., Van Loon, A.F., Wageningen University and Research Centre [Wageningen] (WUR), University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences (BOKU), University of Otago [Dunedin, Nouvelle-Zélande], Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung (AWI), Hydrologie-Hydraulique (UR HHLY), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, University of Oslo (UiO), University of Freiburg [Freiburg], Centre for Ecology and Hydrology [Wallingford] (CEH), Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), Centre d'Etude et de Recherche en Géographie de l'Aménagement des Paysages et de l'Environnement (CERGAPE - LOTERR), Université de Lorraine (UL), Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University [Bratislava], Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Russian Academy of Sciences [Moscow] (RAS), Institute of Geophysics Polish Academy of Sciences, Service Public de Wallonie, Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), National Institute of Hydrology and Water Management, Lomonosov Moscow State University (MSU), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zürich [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Masaryk University, Central Institute for Meteorology and Geodynamics [Vienna] (ZAMG), University of Birmingham [Birmingham], Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Czech University of Life Sciences Prague (CZU), Comenius University in Bratislava, Institute of Geophysics [Warsaw], Polska Akademia Nauk = Polish Academy of Sciences (PAN), National Institute of Hydrology and Water Management [Roumanie] (NIHWM), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), and Masaryk University [Brno] (MUNI)
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HYDROLOGY ,SECHERESSE ,[SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes ,HYDROLOGIE ,[SDU.STU.HY]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology ,DROUGHT - Abstract
International audience; It is generally accepted that drought is one of the most costly weather-related natural hazards. In 2015, a long-lasting drought hit Europe, particularly affecting central and eastern Europe. In some regions it was the driest (North Slovakia) and in others (Czech Republic and Poland) it was the second driest summer of the last 50 years (following 2003). Key questions are: (i) how extreme are these events, not only in terms of hydro-meteorological characteristics but also impacts? and (ii) how are these impacts managed?
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- 2016
26. From hydrological trend detection to the exploration of relations between climate variability and hydrological variability
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Vidal, Jean-Philippe, Renard, Benjamin, Lang, M., Sauquet, Eric, Giuntoli, I., Bard, Antony, Sun, Xun, Caillouet, L., Hydrologie-Hydraulique (UR HHLY), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Centre for Ecology and Hydrology [Bangor] (CEH), Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY NEW YORK USA, Partenaires IRSTEA, Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), and Irstea Publications, Migration
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[SDE] Environmental Sciences ,CLIMATE VARIABILITY ,CLIMATE CHANGE ,[SDE]Environmental Sciences ,HYDROLOGICAL VARIABILITY ,TRENDS ,VARIABILITÉ HYDROLOGIQUE ,DETECTION - Abstract
National audience; From hydrological trend detection to the exploration of relations between climate variability and hydrological variability.
- Published
- 2015
27. Reconstruction of meteorological droughts in France since 1871 through the probabilistic downscaling of a global atmospheric reanalysis
- Author
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Caillouet, L., Vidal, Jean-Philippe, Sauquet, Eric, Haond, Marjorie, Hydrologie-Hydraulique (UR HHLY), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Compagnie Nationale du Rhône (CNR), and Irstea Publications, Migration
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[SDE] Environmental Sciences ,METEOROLOGICAL DROUGHTS ,[SDE]Environmental Sciences ,FRANCE ,PRECIPITATION DOWNSCALING ,HISTORICAL RECONSTRUCTION ,ANALOGUE METHOD - Abstract
International audience; Hydroclimate projections for the 21st century agree on an increase in low flow severity that could undermine current water management practice and require drastic measures for adapting water uses and for sharing resources among different economic sectors (irrigation, hydropower production, etc.). Understanding droughts and low flows is all the more crucial in this current context of adaptation to climate change. A deep knowledge of the major historical droughts in France constitutes a perfect framework to assess the recent observed events but also future events projected by climate change impact studies. Indeed, a fundamental way of adapting to climate change tomorrow is to adapt to climate variability today. This work proposes a reconstruction of precipitation fields in France over the last century built on the NOAA 20th century global atmospheric reanalysis (20CR). This reanalysis provides for the first time an evolution of atmospheric circulation at high temporal resolution since 1871, assimilating surface pressure observations only. The coarse spatial resolution of 20CR however prevents using directly surface variables like precipitation at the scale of a French catchment. The Sandhy (Stepwise ANalogue Downscaling method for Hydrology) statistical downscaling method is used here to bridge the scale gap between 20CR and precipitation relevant for catchment-scale hydrology. This method is based on the idea that similar large scale circulation patterns (predictors) lead to similar local precipitation (predictand). For a given target large scale situation, the dates with the most similar large scale situations in an archive are identified, and the corresponding local scale observations are selected as the targeted local scale predictions. For each target date, Sandhy gives an ensemble of 125 analogue dates and corresponding precipitation values, taking into account equifinality in the optimization of predictor geographical domains. Such an optimization is moreover done independently for 608 climatically homogeneous zones covering France. Sandhy draws here analogue dates from an archive covering the 1958-2008 period for which local precipitation is also available through the Safran near-surface reanalysis. It is then applied to target situations given by 20CR over the whole 1871-2012 period to derive an ensemble of 125 equally plausible gridded precipitation time series. Precipitation data are then monthly aggregated for each time series to compute the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) at different time scales and therefore characterize meteorological drought events in a probabilistic way. The SPI critically allows for comparing historical events and their spatio-temporal development. Results allow us to identify severe events for periods with few available precipitation observations, such as the record-breaking 1921 drought. Such an event – much more severe than the recently experienced ones like 1976 or 2003 – may thus serve as a benchmark reference event for adaptation purposes.
- Published
- 2014
28. Hydrometeorological reconstruction of droughts and low flows in France: 1871-2012
- Author
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Caillouet, L., Vidal, Jean-Philippe, Sauquet, Eric, Hydrologie-Hydraulique (UR HHLY), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), and Irstea Publications, Migration
- Subjects
[SDE] Environmental Sciences ,HIGH RESOLUTION ,STATISTICAL DOWNSCALING ,[SDE]Environmental Sciences ,HISTORICAL RECONSTRUCTION - Abstract
Hydroclimate projections for the 21st century agree on an increase in low flow severity that could undermine current water management practice and require drastic measures for adapting water uses and for sharing resources among different economic sectors (irrigation, hydropower production, etc.). Understanding droughts and low flows is all the more crucial in this current context of adaptation to climate change. A deep knowledge of the major historical droughts in France constitutes a perfect framework to assess the recent observed events but also future events projected by climate change impact studies. Indeed, a fundamental way of adapting to climate change tomorrow is to adapt to climate variability today. This work proposes a reconstruction of precipitation fields in France over the last century built on the NOAA 20th century global atmospheric reanalysis (20CR). This reanalysis provides for the first time an evolution of atmospheric circulation at high temporal resolution since 1871, assimilating surface pressure observations only. The coarse spatial resolution of 20CR however prevents using directly surface variables like precipitation at the scale of a French catchment. The Sandhy (Stepwise ANalogue Downscaling method for Hydrology) statistical downscaling method is used here to bridge the scale gap between 20CR and precipitation relevant for catchment-scale hydrology. This method is based on the idea that similar large scale circulation patterns (predictors) lead to similar local precipitation (predictand). For a given target large scale situation, the dates with the most similar large scale situations in an archive are identified, and the corresponding local scale observations are selected as the targeted local scale predictions. For each target date, Sandhy gives an ensemble of 125 analogue dates and corresponding precipitation values, taking into account equifinality in the optimization of predictor geographical domains. Such an optimization is moreover done independently for 608 climatically homogeneous zones covering France. Sandhy draws here analogue dates from an archive covering the 1958-2008 period for which local precipitation is also available through the Safran near-surface reanalysis. It is then applied to target situations given by 20CR over the whole 1871-2012 period to derive an ensemble of 125 equally plausible gridded precipitation time series. Results allow us to identify severe events for periods with few available precipitation observations, such as the record-breaking 1921 drought. Such an event – much more severe than the recently experienced ones like 1976 or 2003 – may thus serve as a benchmark reference event for adaptation purposes.
- Published
- 2014
29. Probabilistic precipitation and temperature downscaling of the Twentieth Century Reanalysis over France
- Author
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Caillouet, L., primary, Vidal, J.-P., additional, Sauquet, E., additional, and Graff, B., additional
- Published
- 2015
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30. Understanding the effects of climate change on water quality: a case-study assessment on rivers and lakes in England (WT0972). Final report 31st January 2013
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Hutchins, Mike, Elliott, Alex, Caillouet, L., Williams, Richard, Hutchins, Mike, Elliott, Alex, Caillouet, L., and Williams, Richard
- Abstract
The main objective of the study was to quantify the effects that the climate likely to prevail in the 2050s might produce on the phytoplankton populations and water temperatures in lakes and rivers in England. There are four questions that are of importance to regulatory bodies: • How and when will climate change have a discernible and significant impact on water quality? • Will the changes require a change in monitoring or management practice? • How significant are these changes relative to other pressures? • How should these expected changes be planned for? The study has contributed to the first of these by using case studies based on three lakes and two rivers to demonstrate modelling tools and data sets that are available to be used for assessing climate change impacts on water quality. The climate related factors controlling phytoplankton growth are, air temperature (through river temperature), solar radiation and river flows (lake outflows). River flows are expected to change in the future in response to changing rainfall patterns and evaporation is likely to increase. Phytoplankton grow faster went there is more light and they have longer to grow in rivers and lakes if the water is moving more slowly through them (the residence time of the water is increased). Temperature changes will favour different species, with increases in water temperature favouring the potentially toxic Cyanobacteria species. A modelling approach was taken using the climate data based on and flow data derived from the UKCP09 scenarios. In total 11 scenarios of flow, air temperature and solar radiation (amongst other climate data) were available and these were run through the QUESTOR model for the rivers Thames and Ure (a tributary of the Yorkshire Ouse) and the PROTECH model for three contrasting lakes (Windermere, Bassenthwaite and Esthwaite). The flow regimes for each scenario had been generated from the data underpinning the UKCP09 scenarios as part of the Environment Agencies’ Futu
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- 2013
31. Assessing the sensitivity to environmental change of phytoplankton and Arctic charr populations in Llyn Padarn using the PROTECH and LOX models
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Elliott, J.A., Bell, V.A., Caillouet, L., Winfield, I.J., Elliott, J.A., Bell, V.A., Caillouet, L., and Winfield, I.J.
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- 2013
32. Maximizing Community Physicians' Readiness for Clinical System Implementation
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Caillouet, L. Philip
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Posters - Published
- 1997
33. HEALTH INFORMATION EXCHANGE - A PUBLIC POLICY CHALLENGE FOR HEALTHCARE PROFESSIONALS AND ADMINISTRATORS.
- Author
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Philip Caillouet, L.
- Subjects
MEDICAL sciences ,MEDICAL practice ,HEALTH policy ,COST effectiveness ,PUBLIC health ,SOCIETIES - Abstract
The article discusses how public policy and Government Health Organizations encourage implementation of Health Information Exchange (HIE) to achieve desired societal goals like improvement of quality, safety, efficiency, care coordination and public health. It has been informed that self-interests healthcare providers prioritize receiving desired public welfare outcome in cost-effective manner, but it is not as desired in private medical practices and community hospitals.
- Published
- 2012
34. An integrated approach to the design of fault tolerant computing systems.
- Author
-
Caillouet, L. Philip and Shriver, Bruce D.
- Published
- 1974
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. An Integrated Approach to the Design of Fault Tolerant Computing Systems
- Author
-
Caillouet, L. Phillip, Shriver, Bruce D., Caillouet, L. Phillip, and Shriver, Bruce D.
- Abstract
This paper offers an introduction to a research effort in fault tolerant computer architecture which has been organized at the University of Southwestern Louisiana (USL). It is intended as an overview of several topics which have been isolated for study, and as an indication of preliminary undertakings with regards to one particular topic. This first area of concentration lnvolves the systematic design of fault tolerant computing systems via a multi-level approach. Efforts are being initiated also in the areas of diagnosis of microprogrammable processors via firmware, fault data management across levels of virtual machines, development of a methodology for realizing a firmware hardcore on a variety of hosts, and delineation of a minimal set of resources for the design of a practical host for a multi-level fault tolerant computing system. The research is being conducted under the auspices of Project Beta at USL.
- Published
- 1974
36. Ensemble reconstruction of severe low flow events in France since 1871
- Author
-
Caillouet, L., Jean-Philippe Vidal, Eric Sauquet, Alexandre Devers, Graff, B., Irstea Publications, Migration, Hydrologie-Hydraulique (UR HHLY), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), and Compagnie Nationale du Rhône (CNR)
- Subjects
MODÉLISATION HYDROLOGIQUE ,[SDE] Environmental Sciences ,HYDROLOGICAL MODELLING ,LOW FLOWS ,FRANCE ,SÉCHERESSE ,CLIMATOLOGIE ,DESCENTE D’ÉCHELLE ,RECONSTRUCTION HISTORIQUE ,DOWNSCALING ,EXTREME ,EXTRÊMES ,[SDE]Environmental Sciences ,ÉTIAGES ,HISTORICAL RECONSTRUCTION ,DROUGHT ,CLIMATOLOGY - Abstract
International audience; This work presents a study of severe low flow events that occurred from 1871 onwards for a large number of near-natural catchments in France. It aims at assessing and comparing their characteristics to improve our knowledge on historical events and to provide a selection of benchmark events for climate change adaptation purposes. The historical depth of streamflow observations is generally limited to the last 50 years and therefore offers too small a sample of severe low flow events to properly explore the long-term evolution of their characteristics and associated impacts. In order to overcome this limit, this work takes advantage of a 140-year ensemble hydrometeorological dataset over France based on: (1) a probabilistic precipitation and temperature downscaling of the Twentieth Century Reanalysis over France (Caillouet et al., 2015), and (2) a continuous hydrological modelling that uses the high-resolution meteorological reconstructions as forcings over the whole period. This dataset provides an ensemble of 25 equally plausible daily streamflow time series for a reference network of stations in France over the whole 1871-2012 period. Severe low flow events are identified based on a combination of a fixed threshold and a daily variable threshold. Each event is characterized by its deficit, duration and timing by applying the Sequent Peak Algorithm. The procedure is applied to the 25 simulated time series as well as to the observed time series in order to compare observed and simulated events over the recent period, and to characterize in a probabilistic way unrecorded historical events. The ensemble aspect of the reconstruction leads to address specific issues, for properly defining events across ensemble simulations, as well as for adequately comparing the simulated characteristics to the observed ones. This study brings forward the outstanding 1921 and 1940s events but also older and less known ones that occurred during the last decade of the 19th century. For the first time, severe low flow events are qualified in a homogeneous way over 140 years on a large set of near-natural French catchments, allowing for detailed analyses of the effect of climate variability and anthropogenic climate change on low flow hydrology. Caillouet, L., Vidal, J.-P., Sauquet, E., and Graff, B. (2015) Probabilistic precipitation and temperature downscaling of the Twentieth Century Reanalysis over France, Clim. Past Discuss., 11, 4425-4482, doi:10.5194/cpd-11-4425-2015
37. Hydrometeorological reconstruction of snow-influenced streamflow series in France since 1871
- Author
-
Jean-Philippe Vidal, Caillouet, L., Eric Sauquet, Graff, B., Gouttevin, I., Guillaume Thirel, Alexandre Devers, Hydrologie-Hydraulique (UR HHLY), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Compagnie Nationale du Rhône (CNR), Hydrosystèmes et Bioprocédés (UR HBAN), and Irstea Publications, Migration
- Subjects
[SDE] Environmental Sciences ,HYDROLOGY ,SNOW ,[SDE]Environmental Sciences ,FRANCE ,HISTORICAL RECONSTRUCTION ,TRENDS ,RECONSTRUCTION HISTORIQUE - Abstract
International audience; The length of streamflow records is generally limited to the last 50 years. It therefore prevents studying the long-term evolution of streamflow regimes. In order to overcome this limit, this work takes advantage of a 140-year ensemble hydrometeorological dataset over France based on: (i) a probabilistic precipitation and temperature downscaling of the global Twentieth Century Reanalysis over France (Caillouet et al., 2016a), and (ii) a continuous hydrological modelling that uses the high-resolution meteorological reconstructions as forcings over the whole period (Caillouet et al., 2016b). The resulting SCOPE Hydro dataset provides an ensemble of 25 equally plausible daily streamflow time series for a reference network of more than 600 stations in France over the 1871-2012 period. A subset of 184 stations located in all French mountain ranges (Alps, Pyrenees, Massif Central, Jura and Vosges) is specifically targeted here. This work aims at studying the long-term evolution of streamflow in mountainous catchments where the regime is largely influenced by snow accumulation and snowmelt processes. Results show a high interannual variability of the seasonal snowmelt component of streamflow, pondered by a relatively large multidecadal variability highlighting periods with large (1910s) or small (1950s, post-1980 period) snowmelt.
38. Ensemble reconstruction of severe low flow events in France since 1871 through statistical downscaling and hydrological modelling
- Author
-
Caillouet, L., Jean-Philippe Vidal, Eric Sauquet, Alexandre Devers, Graff, B., Irstea Publications, Migration, Hydrologie-Hydraulique (UR HHLY), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), and Compagnie Nationale du Rhône (CNR)
- Subjects
MODÉLISATION HYDROLOGIQUE ,[SDE] Environmental Sciences ,DOWNSCALING ,HYDROLOGICAL MODELLING ,EXTREME ,[SDE]Environmental Sciences ,LOW FLOWS ,FRANCE ,HISTORICAL RECONSTRUCTION ,DROUGHT ,CLIMATOLOGY ,DESCENTE D’ÉCHELLE ,RECONSTRUCTION HISTORIQUE - Abstract
International audience; This work presents a study of severe low flow events that occurred from 1871 onwards for a large number of near-natural catchments in France. It aims at assessing and comparing their characteristics to improve our knowledge on historical events and to provide a selection of benchmark events for climate change adaptation purposes.The historical depth of streamflow observations is generally limited to the last 50 years and therefore offers too small a sample of severe low flow events to properly explore the long-term evolution of their characteristics and associated impacts. In order to overcome this limit, this work takes advantage of a 140-year ensemble hydrometeorological dataset over France based on: (1) a probabilistic precipitation and temperature downscaling of the Twentieth Century Reanalysis over France (Caillouet et al., 2016), and (2) a continuous hydrological modelling that uses the high-resolution meteorological reconstructions as forcings over the whole period. This dataset provides an ensemble of 25 equally plausible daily streamflow time series for a reference network of stations in France over the whole 1871-2012 period. Severe low flow events are identified based on a combination of a fixed threshold and a daily variable threshold. Each event is characterized by its deficit, duration and timing by applying the Sequent Peak Algorithm. The procedure is applied to the 25 simulated time series as well as to the observed time series in order to compare observed and simulated events over the recent period, and to characterize in a probabilistic way unrecorded historical events. The ensemble aspect of the reconstruction leads to address specific issues, for properly defining events across ensemble simulations, as well as for adequately comparing the simulated characteristics to the observed ones.This study brings forward the outstanding 1921 and 1940s events but also older and less known ones that occurred during the last decade of the 19th century. For the first time, severe low flow events are qualified in a homogeneous way over 140 years on a large set of near-natural French catchments, allowing for detailed analyses of the effect of climate variability and anthropogenic climate change on low flow hydrology
39. Histoire d'étiages. Rétrospective sur les 150 dernières années avec la réanalyse hydrologique FYRE Hydro
- Author
-
Jean-Philippe Vidal, Alexandre Devers, Caillouet, L., Claire Lauvernet, Eric Sauquet, Graff, B., Vannier, O., RiverLy (UR Riverly), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Compagnie Nationale du Rhône (CNR), and Irstea Publications, Migration
- Subjects
[SDE] Environmental Sciences ,XXE SIECLE ,REANALYSE HYDROLOGIQUE ,[SDE]Environmental Sciences ,LOW FLOWS ,FRANCE ,HYDROLOGICAL REANALYSIS ,20TH CENTURY ,ETIAGES - Abstract
International audience; Notre connaissance des étiages historiques était jusqu'ici en grande partie limitée par les observations hydrométriques disponibles, qui deviennent rares et disséminées avant les années 1960. Les récents travaux sur une réanalyse hydroclimatique de long terme sur plus de 600 bassins versants faiblement anthropisés en France permettent à présent de combler ces lacunes d'information hydrologique dans l'espace et le temps. La réanalyse FYRE Hydro combine de façon innovante une chaîne de modélisation hydrométéorologique à l'ensemble des observations hydrométéorologiques disponibles sur ces bassins (précipitations, température, et débits). Cette réanalyse nous offre l'opportunité de retracer en continu l'histoire des étiages en France depuis la fin du XIXe siècle jusqu'aux premières décennies du XXIe siècle, couvrant ainsi les épisodes marquants comme 1893, 1906, 1921 ou plus récemment 1976 1989, et 2011, mais aussi les successions d'années sèches comme dans les années 1940. Cette réanalyse historique ouvre ainsi la voie pour replacer les évolutions futures dans une perspective historique de long terme marquée elle par la variabilité naturelle du climat.
40. An Integrated Approach to the Design of Fault Tolerant Computing Systems
- Author
-
Caillouet, L. Phillip, primary and Shriver, Bruce D., additional
- Published
- 1974
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. Effects of brownification and warming on algal blooms, metabolism and higher trophic levels in productive shallow lake mesocosms.
- Author
-
Feuchtmayr H, Pottinger TG, Moore A, De Ville MM, Caillouet L, Carter HT, Pereira MG, and Maberly SC
- Subjects
- Climate Change, Ecosystem, Environmental Monitoring, Eutrophication, Global Warming, Lakes
- Abstract
An increase of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in inland waters has been reported across the northern temperate region but the effects of this on whole lake ecosystems, often combined with other anthropogenic stressors like nutrient inputs and warming, are poorly known. The effects of these changes on different component of the ecosystem were assessed in an experiment using twenty-four large (3000L) outdoor mesocosms simulating shallow lakes. Two different temperature regimes (ambient and ambient +4 °C) combined with three levels of organic matter (OM, added as filtered peaty water), simulating the DOC increase that is predicted to take place over the next 4 to 21 years were used. Neither temperature nor OM had significant effects on net ecosystem production, respiration or gross primary production. Phytoplankton chlorophyll a concentration was not significantly affected by warming, however in summer, autumn and winter it was significantly higher in mesocosms receiving intermediate OM levels (July-Feb DOC concentrations 2-6 mg L
-1 ). Summer cyanobacterial blooms were highest in intermediate, and lowest in the highest OM treatments. OM concentration also influenced total macroinvertebrate abundance which was greater in spring and summer in mesocosms with intermediate and high OM. Fish abundance was not significantly affected by OM concentration, but abundance was greater in ambient (55 fish subsample-1 ) compared to heated mesocosms (17 fish subsample-1 ) and maximum abundance occurred two weeks later compared to heated mesocosms. The results suggest that changes in OM may have a greater effect on shallow lakes than temperature and that phytoplankton, especially cyanobacteria, benefit from intermediate OM concentrations, therefore, nuisance algal blooms might increase in relatively clear shallow eutrophic lakes where DOC concentrations increase., (Copyright © 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. Eye of the storm: analysis of shelter treatment records of evacuees to Acadiana from Hurricanes Katrina and Rita.
- Author
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Caillouet LP, Paul PJ, Sabatier SM, and Caillouet KA
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Ambulatory Care Facilities, Child, Child, Preschool, Documentation standards, Emergency Medical Services, Female, Humans, Infant, Louisiana, Male, Middle Aged, Texas, Triage, Cyclonic Storms, Disaster Planning, Emergency Shelter organization & administration, Medical Records standards
- Abstract
Objective: The objective of this study is to gain insight into the medical needs of disaster evacuees, through a review of experiential data collected in evacuation shelters in the days and weeks following Hurricanes Katrina and Rita in 2005, to better prepare for similar events in the future. Armed with the information and insights provided herein, it is hoped that meaningful precautions and decisive actions can be taken by individuals, families, institutions, communities, and officials should the Louisiana Gulf Coast-or any other area with well-known vulnerabilities-be faced with a future emergency., Design: Demographic and clinical data that were recorded on paper documents during triage and treatment in evacuation shelters were later transcribed into a computerized database management system, with cooperation of the Department of Health Information Management at The University of Louisiana at Lafayette. Analysis of those contemporaneously collected data was undertaken later by the Louisiana Center for Health Informatics., Setting: Evacuation shelters, Parish Health Units, and other locations including churches and community centers were the venue for ad hoc clinics in the Acadiana region of Louisiana., Patients, Participants: The evacuee-patients-3,329 of them-whose information is reflected in the subject dataset were among two geographically distinct but similarly distressed groups: 1) evacuees from Hurricane Katrina that devastated New Orleans and other locales near Louisiana and neighboring states in late August 2005 and 2) evacuees from Hurricane Rita that devastated Southwest Louisiana and neighboring areas of Texas in September 2005. Patient data were collected by physicians, nurses, and other volunteers associated with the Operation Minnesota Lifeline (OML) deployment during the weeks following the events., Interventions: Volunteer clinicians from OML provided triage and treatment services and documented those services as paper medical records. As the focus of the OML "mission of mercy" was entirely on direct individually specific evaluation and care, no population-based experimental hypothesis was framed nor was the effectiveness of any specific intervention researched at the time., Main Outcome Measure(s): This study reports experiential data collected without a particular preconceived hypothesis, because no specific outcome measures had been designed in advance., Results: Data analysis revealed much about the origins and demographics of the evacuees, their hurricane-related risks and injuries, and the loss of continuity in their prior and ongoing healthcare., Conclusions: The authors believe that much can be learned from studying data collected in evacuee triage clinics, and that such insights may influence personal and official preparedness for future events. In the Katrina-Rita evacuations, only paper-based data collection mechanisms were used-and those with great inconsistency-and there was no predeployed mechanism for close-to-real-time collation of evacuee data. Deployment of simple electronic health record systems might well have allowed for a better real-time understanding of the unfolding of events, upon arrival of evacuees in shelters. Information and communication technologies have advanced since 2005, but predisaster staging and training on such technologies is still lacking.
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. The Health Informatics Center of Acadiana--informing health policymaking in post-Katrina/Rita Louisiana.
- Author
-
Caillouet LP
- Subjects
- Disasters, Health Care Surveys methods, Health Services Accessibility, Health Services Research, Humans, Insurance, Health economics, Louisiana, Public Health Administration, Community Health Services organization & administration, Health Policy, Public Health Informatics, Public Health Practice
- Abstract
A "healthy communities" initiative in Louisiana led to creation of the Health Informatics Center of Acadiana(HICA) at The University of Louisiana at Lafayette, in the south central United States. Since hurricanes Katrina and Rita devastated the Louisiana coast in 2005, HICA's role has taken on heightened significance. HICA identifies vulnerable populations, documents their risk factors, and evaluates interventions intended to improve community health. HICA collaborates with the Louisiana Department of Health and Hospitals and the Lafayette Community Health Consortium (LCHC), the latter formed for coordination among local healthcare providers and agencies. Both HICA and LCHC were created when "Bonne Santé à Lafayette!"--a locally developed community health improvement plan--was implemented. This paper reports on methods and experiences of HICA and LCHC, offering these as models for addressing community concerns elsewhere. Of special interest is the discussion of Louisiana HABITS, a consumer survey methodology that HICA has developed to measure healthcare access barriers, to provide information that healthcare organizations and governments need to implement workable business strategy and public policy.
- Published
- 2007
44. Inventing the future of physicians and information technology: methods and results of the 1997 Lafayette Parish Medical Society Information Systems and Information Technology Project.
- Author
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Caillouet LP, Lipstate J, and Carroll DJ
- Subjects
- Data Collection, Education, Medical, Continuing, Humans, Louisiana, Forecasting, Medical Informatics, Societies, Medical
- Abstract
This paper challenges physicians to consider how to best invent a future in which they can personally leverage emerging information and communication technologies to maximize their effectiveness and efficiency as care givers. One Louisiana State Medical Society component medical society has already posed this challenge to its members. The paper describes the 1997 Lafayette Parish Medical Society Physicians' Information Systems and Information Project, conducted on behalf of the society by faculty of the Healthcare Administration MBA Program at the University of Southwestern Louisiana. Specific recommendations for application of health care information technologies by physicians and by health care institutions, based on findings and conclusions of the project, are highlighted.
- Published
- 1999
45. Experts debate the future of healthcare computing--discussion.
- Author
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Barber NF, Caillouet LP, Ciotti VG, and Lohman PM
- Subjects
- Computer Communication Networks, Computer Security, Cost Control, Medical Records Systems, Computerized, United States, Forecasting, Management Information Systems trends, Technology trends
- Abstract
Healthcare Financial Management engaged four healthcare information systems experts in a discussion about the future of computing and technology in the healthcare industry. The four experts agree that as the healthcare industry consolidates, managed care advances, and healthcare reform legislation continues to be debated, demands for increased connectivity and new applications will be met by new healthcare information systems products based on new technology.
- Published
- 1994
46. Competent management fueled by good information systems.
- Author
-
Caillouet LP
- Subjects
- Consultants, United States, Management Information Systems standards, Nursing Homes organization & administration
- Published
- 1989
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