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Any abnormality of the uterine cavity can result in reduced endometrial receptivity, which negatively affects embryo implantation and leads to lower clinical pregnancy rates. The effects of improved uterine cavity environment on in vitro fertilization (IVF)/intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI)-embryo transfer (ET) treatment outcome are unclear. This study aimed to investigate the impact of improved uterine cavity abnormalities on the pregnancy outcomes of infertile patients undergoing IVF/ICSI-ET.Retrospective study.Single-center.Women with infertility who underwent fresh cycles of IVF/ICSI-ET.We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 31 057 cycles of women with infertility undergoing IVF/ICSI-ET with hysteroscopy and treated at the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University Reproductive Medicine Center from August 2009 to May 2018. According to the previous condition of their uterine cavity, patients were divided into the normal uterine cavity, single uterine cavity abnormality, and complex uterine cavity abnormality groups. Differences in general conditions and pregnancy-assisted outcomes were compared among the groups, which were screened according to propensity score matching.In 3005 cycles after propensity score matching screening, there were no statistically significant differences in the implantation and clinical pregnancy rates of patients with successfully treated uterine cavity abnormalities and lesions (p.05). The miscarriage rate was significantly higher in the complex uterine cavity abnormality group than in the normal (p = .001) and single uterine cavity abnormality groups (p = .002). Logistic regression analysis showed that the female partner's age (adjusted odds ratio, 1.12; 95% confidence interval, 1.05-1.19; p = .001) and history of intrauterine adhesions (adjusted odds ratio, 1.44; 95% confidence interval, 1.12-1.85; p = .005) were independent risk factors for miscarriage.The age of the female partner and history of intrauterine adhesions increased the miscarriage rate in patients undergoing IVF/ICSI-ET.

The newly discovered glymphatic system acts as pseudolymphatic vessels subserving brain waste clearance and is functionally dependent on astrocytic aquaporin-4 channels. The glymphatic system primarily functions during sleep as an interchange between cerebrospinal fluid and interstitial fluid, with cerebrospinal fluid flowing into the parenchyma via the perivascular spaces and then exchanging with interstitial fluid. The discovery of meningeal lymphatics helps refine the conceptual framework of glymphatic pathway, as certain waste products collected alongside perivascular spaces ultimately drain into the cervical lymph nodes via meningeal lymphatics, whose function regulates the functioning of the glymphatic system. The glymphatic and meningeal lymphatic systems are critical for the homeostasis of central nervous system, and their malfunctions complicate cerebral dysfunction and diseases. The present review will shed light on the structure, regulation, functions, and interrelationships of the glymphatic system and meningeal lymphatics. We will also expound on their impairments and corresponding targeted intervention in neurodegenerative diseases, traumatic brain injury, stroke, and infectious/autoimmune diseases, offering valuable references for future research.

Pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) is a leading cause of maternal mortality. Paeoniflorin has been reported to alleviate hypertension, thus relieving the injury of target organ. This study aimed to investigate the role of paeoniflorin in PIH development by regulating SIRT1 in rats. The mean arterial pressure (MAP), urine protein and histopathological damage of placenta in gestational hypertension rats were, respectively, detected by noninvasive tail-artery pressure measuring instrument, BCA method and H&E staining. The viability of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) treated with paeoniflorin or/and H2O2 was observed by CCK-8 assay. SIRT1 protein expression in HUVECs treated with paeoniflorin or/and H2O2 was analyzed by Western blot. Tunel assay, wound healing assay and tube formation assay were used to detect the apoptosis, migration and tube formation of HUVECs administrated with paeoniflorin or/and H2O2 or/and EX527 (SIRT1 inhibitor). As a result, MAP, urine protein and histopathological damage of placenta were enhanced in PIH rats, which were then alleviated by paeoniflorin. Paeoniflorin decreased the levels of sFlt-1, PlGF and VEGF in serum and placental tissues of gestational hypertension rats as well as the inflammatory response and oxidative stress. In addition, paeoniflorin promoted the expressions of SIRT1 and NO/eNOS and inhibited the production of iNOS in gestational hypertension rats to improve vascular endothelial cell injury. However, SIRT1 inhibition could suppress the protective effects of paeoniflorin on endothelial dysfunction of H2O2-induced HUVECs. In conclusion, paeoniflorin could improve gestational hypertension development by upregulating SIRT1.

Nanocellulose aerogel is the third generation aerogel, and its highly interconnected porous network structure makes it an extraordinary thermal insulation material. However, there are abundant hydroxyl groups on the surface of cellulose nanofibrils, which causes the nanocellulose aeogels to absorb moisture in the air and the environment easily, thereby destroying their porous network structure and damaging their original thermal insulation performance. Herein, cellulose nanofibril (CNF) aerogels were prepared by freeze-drying and then modified by a facile two-step impregnation process. Firstly, the pure CNF aerogels were impregnated in the hydrolyzed sol with methyltriethoxysilane (MTES) as the silicon source; and then the silanol polycondensed in an alkaline environment to form polysiloxane particles. The silanization modification made the CNF aerogels superhydrophobic (water contact angle up to 155.2°) while retaining their original excellent thermal insulation performance (thermal conductivity of 0.03249 Wm−1 K−1) after being exposed to water, and the thermal conductivity increased (0.03249–0.04561 Wm−1 K−1) with the increase of cellulose nanofibril concentration (2.5–4.5 wt%). Compared with previous similar studies, the method is simpler and has the advantages of low cost and low risk.

Sepsis is a disease characterized by multiple organ failure caused by immune hyperactivation and cytokine storms. Studies have shown that the incidence of sepsis in melanoma patients is substantially lower compared to the general population. It is also observed that experimental tumor-bearing animals have high survival rates after sepsis induction, suggesting that tumors may suppress sepsis-associated immune overactivation, thereby alleviating sepsis. Based on the above-described findings, this work assesses whether tumor cells play an antisepsis role in mice through the secretion of exosomes. Analysis of exosome activity reveals that the induced exosomes (iExo) secreted by tumor cells following lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treatment improve sepsis to a greater extent than normal secretory exosomes. Further analysis reveals that iExo exert their protective effects mainly through seven key miRNAs. In vitro bionic simulation of exosomes is carried out using exosome mimics generated by loading the aforementioned microRNAs into hyaluronic acid-polyethylenimine nanoparticles. Exosome mimics at specific miRNA ratios alleviate sepsis in mice and cynomolgus monkeys, indicating that biomimetic simulation of tumor-suppressive exosomes may represent a promising therapeutic method for the treatment of sepsis and cytokine-storm-related conditions.

Village collective economic income insurance takes “administrative village” as applicant and insured and “collective economic income of village” as insured object. When village collective economic income is lower than the target income due to natural disasters, accidents, liability for breach of contract, market conditions and economic environment, the insurance company will be liable for the compensation according to the contract. A survey of Huai’an, the first pilot city of this insurance, shows that the village collective economic income insurance has played a certain role in promoting the village collective economic development, but still has some problems need to be overcame, such as limited insured, imperfect design, inadequate publicity, backward technology and means, and chaotic management. In the future, more attentions should be paid to differentiated design, precise publicity, digital application, standardized operation and scientific management, in order to improve the effect of guarantee of the village collective economic income insurance.

Pinin is a moonlighting protein localized in desmosomes and nucleus. It could promote the growth of hepatocellular carcinoma. Whether this protein can induce epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and malignant progression in HCC is unknown. This work found that Pinin prompts EMT in vitro and in vivo. Further mechanism study found that Pinin increases the level of N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification of RNA by interacting with METTL3, which in turn induces snail1 expression. These findings suggest that Pinin induces EMT by regulating m6A modification and, thus, could be a potential anticancer target for HCC therapy.

As a pioneer tropical pasture legume, stylo (Stylosanthes guianensis) is well adapted to growth-limiting factors in acid soils. Considering the importance of stylo, there is a need to improve Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation to enable development of elite cultivars. In this study, S. guianensis cv. RY5 was used to systematically optimize Agrobacterium-mediated transformation based on its plant regeneration. Results showed that Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing 0.2 mg/L 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 2 mg/L 6-benzylaminopurine (6-BA) was the optimal callus induction medium. MS medium supplemented with 2 mg/L 6-BA was suitable for shoot regeneration from cotyledon-derived calluses, and 0.5 mg/L indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and 0.5 mg/L indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) applications were beneficial for rooting. The highest transformation efficiency (67%) was obtained at an Agrobacterium concentration of optical density = 0.6 combined with an infection time of 15 min and 3 days of co-cultivation. Furthermore, 200 mg/mL carbenicillin (Carb) and 0.6 mg/L Basta® supplements were effective in eliminating excess bacterial growth and selecting transgenic plants, respectively. Subsequent polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis confirmed that the β-glucuronidase (GUS) and BAR genes were successfully integrated into the stylo genome. Wider testing of this improved protocol as a means of enhancing genetic improvement and gene function analysis of stylo seems warranted.

Wogonoside, a bioactive flavonoid component derived from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, has been reported to inhibit tumor growth in mice bearing various types of cancer cells such as breast cancer, lung cancer, and leukemia cells. However, whether wogonoside could inhibit tumor growth of endometrial cancer has not been elucidated. In this study, we explored the function of wogonoside on tumor growth and the underlying mechanism on endometrial cancer. Firstly, we investigated the effect of wogonoside on endometrial cancer cells and found that wogonoside could significantly decrease cell proliferation and metastasis. Mechanistically, wogonoside could aggravate the extent of ER stress and upregulate the phosphorylation level of Mammalian Ste20-like kinase 1, leading to the activation of the Hippo signaling pathway. Taken together, in vitro and in vivo data demonstrated that wogonoside could be a potent inducer of ER stress and could be further developed into a promising therapy for endometrial cancer.

Background Acute skin wounds may compromise the skin barrier, posing a risk of infection. Small intestinal submucosa (SIS) is widely used to treat acute and chronic wounds. However, the efficacy of SIS to accelerate wound healing still needs to be improved to meet clinical demands. To tackle this problem, platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is used due to its potency to promote proliferation, migration and adhesion of target cells. In this study, we applied PRP and SIS to skin wounds to explore their effects on wound healing by evaluating re-epithelialization, collagen production, angiogenesis and the inflammatory response. Methods A 1 × 1-cm full-thickness skin defect was established in mice. Sixty mice were divided into four treatment groups: PRP + SIS, PRP, SIS and control. On days 3, 5, 7, 10 and 14 post-surgery, tissue specimens were harvested. Haematoxylin and eosin, Masson’s trichrome, immunohistochemical and immunofluorescence double staining were used to visualize epidermal thickness, collagen and vascular regeneration and inflammation. Results Wound contraction in the PRP and PRP + SIS groups was significantly greater, compared with the other groups, on days 3 and 5 post-surgery. A histological analysis showed higher collagen expression in the PRP and PRP + SIS groups on day 7, which was associated with a thicker epidermal layer on day 14. In addition, immunohistochemical staining showed that CD31-positive blood vessels and vascular endothelial growth factor expression in the PRP + SIS and PRP groups were significantly higher, compared with the control group. Furthermore, immunofluorescence double staining showed that the number of M1 and M2 macrophages in the PRP + SIS and PRP groups was higher, compared with the control and SIS groups alone, on day 3. However, on day 7, the number of M1 macrophages dramatically decreased in the PRP + SIS and PRP groups. The ratio of M2 to M1 macrophages in the PRP + SIS and PRP groups was 3.97 and 2.93 times that of the control group and 4.56 and 3.37 times that of the SIS group, respectively. Conclusion Co-administration of SIS and PRP has a better effect on promoting angiogenesis, re-epithelialization and collagen regeneration in managing acute wound healing than either agent alone.

Based on the modern information technology mean, the traditional teaching methods have changed, new models are emerging. Hybrid is not a new concept of teaching, and the integration of interactive media, using online online mode, the combination of online video, audio, classroom instruction, practice fusion and offline, greatly improve the effect of classroom teaching, but in the process of practical application, there are also many problems, such as for no teacher to supervise, online learning interaction and enthusiasm of the students is greatly reduced, as a result of online “half-hearted” normal operation of the classroom practice, etc., these problems need through relevant measures to improve, to give full play to its positive hybrid teaching.

The standard terms of infant incubators with high clinical risk and high incidence of adverse events has been tested through the introduction of YY/T 0841-2011 standard, an on-site inspection scheme for using infant incubators has been proposed, the problems existing in the inspection are analyzed and reasonable suggestions are put forward, this paper provides a certain technical reference for the whole life cycle management of the infant incubator.

Background Worldwide, the treatment of complications associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus, including diabetic foot ulcer (DFU), results in an economic burden for patients and healthcare systems. This study aimed to use high-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing to investigate the changes in foot skin microbiome of patients with diabetes mellitus from a single center in China. Material/Methods Fifty-two participants were divided into 4 study groups: healthy controls (n=13); patients with short-term diabetes (10 years; n=13). Swabs were analyzed from the intact skin of the foot arch using high-throughput 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing. Results Microbiome phylogenic diversity varied significantly between the study groups (whole tree, P

It has been reported that the beta-adrenergic receptor blocker (propranolol) and the a-adrenergic receptor (AR) blocker (phentolamine) both can inhibit human endothelial cell (EC) angiogenesis in vitro. However, it is unknown whether this inhibition also acts on pericytes. The present study aimed to determine how pericytes react to treatment with an a-/β- AR blocker. In the study, cell proliferation assays and scratch assay were performed to assess the effect of phentolamine or propranolol on cell proliferation and migration. Western blot and ELISA were employed to determine changes in VEGF-A and Ang-1 expression levels. The results indicated that the nonselective a-/β- AR blocker inhibited the proliferation, migration, and secretion of pericytes. The use of the nonselective a-/β- AR blocker might have an impact on vascularization and vascular maturation. Our research suggests the rational use of nonselective a-/β- AR blockers to treat angiogenesis-dependent diseases.

Background In recent years, some studies have shown that there is a positive association between the number of oocytes retrieved and the cumulative live birth rate (CLBR) after fresh and frozen cycles of one oocyte retrieval. However, almost no studies have examined the association between the number of oocytes retrieved and the CLBR when using the “freeze-all” strategy. We performed this study to investigate the effects of an extreme oocyte yield during the first “freeze-all” cycle on the cumulative live birth rate among patients younger than 35 years old. Methods This was a retrospective cohort study performed in a university-affiliated reproductive medicine centre. Data obtained from 3276 women aged younger than 35 years who underwent their first “freeze-all” cycle (IVF/ICSI) were collected between January 2009 and December 2016. In all, 5025 frozen cycles took place during the follow-up period from January 2009 to December 2018. Patients were divided into five groups according to oocytes retrieved (group 1: 4–10 oocytes; group 2: 11–20 oocytes; group 3: 21–30 oocytes; group 4: 31–40 oocytes; group 5: > 40 oocytes). The primary outcome was the cumulative live birth rate. Results Unadjusted results showed that the cumulative live birth rate significantly increased as the number of oocytes retrieved increased and reached up to 93.82% in cases with yields of 21–30 oocytes (P P > 0.05). After adjusting for confounders, our results showed that the number of oocytes retrieved is an independent positive predictor of cumulative live birth rate when using a “freeze-all” strategy. (P P Conclusions Among women younger than 35 years old who underwent the “freeze-all” strategy, the number of oocytes retrieved positively correlated with the cumulative live birth rate. Taking both efficacy and safety into account, ovarian stimulation should be rational, and the upper limit of the oocyte yield should be no more than 30.

β-N-Acetylglucosaminidases (GlcNAcases) are important for many biological functions and industrial applications. In this study, a glycoside hydrolase family 20 GlcNAcase from Shinella sp. JB10 was expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3). Compared to many GlcNAcases, the purified recombinant enzyme (rJB10Nag) exhibited a higher specificity activity (538.8 µmol min−1 mg−1) or V max (1030.0 ± 82.1 µmol min−1 mg−1) toward p-nitrophenyl β-N-acetylglucosaminide and N,N′-diacetylchitobiose (specificity activity of 35.4 µmol min−1 mg−1) and a higher N-acetylglucosaminide tolerance (approximately 50% activity in 70.0 mM N-acetylglucosaminide). The degree of synergy on enzymatic degradation of chitin by a commercial chitinase and rJB10Nag was as high as 2.35. The enzyme was tolerant to most salts, especially 3.0–15.0% (w/v) NaCl and KCl. These biochemical characteristics make the JB10 GlcNAcase a candidate for use in many potential applications, including processing marine materials and the bioconversion of chitin waste. Furthermore, the enzyme has the highest proportions of alanine (16.5%), glycine (10.5%), and random coils (48.8%) with the lowest proportion of α-helices (24.9%) among experimentally characterized GH 20 GlcNAcases from other organisms.

Herein, a novel and efficient strategy was established to synthesize few-layer graphene-anchored Fe3O4 nanocomposites (FLG-anchored Fe3O4) through a facile ball-milling route followed by annealing treatment. The as-prepared FLG-anchored Fe3O4 nanocomposites, as an anode material of LIBs, presented remarkable electrochemical performances at a high temperature of 85 °C, i.e., an excellent reversible capacity of 1413 mA h g−1 at a current density of 1.0 A g−1 after 100 cycles and an impressive rate performance of 768 mA h g−1 at a large current density of 5.0 A g−1 even after 100 cycles. These superior performances can be considered as a comprehensive consequence of the following factors: (1) the robust anchor between in situ synthesized Fe3O4 nanoparticles and few-layer graphene via a Fe–O–C linkage maintains structural integrity, enabling excellent cycling stability even at high temperatures; (2) accelerated dynamic diffusion of Li+ ions during lithiation/delithiation at 85 °C leads to a decreased polarization effect, producing enhanced reversibility; (3) enhanced pseudocapacitive behaviour at high temperatures holds partial capacity contribution. Due to these attributes, this material is a reliable and promising candidate for an anode material for heavy-duty Li-ion batteries that operate under harsh environments.

With the development and application of foot robots, the control of machine leg is becoming more and more important. Generally, the machine leg has multiple joints and is equipped with a force sensor. However, the number of force sensors is limited and the pressure at each location cannot be measured. To solve this problem, a new connecting rod leg is provided and a sensorless compliant control method is proposed. As follows, the mechanical leg has two joints controlled by two brushless motors. The current loop is controlled by PI control. The position control is realized by active disturbance rejection control (ADRC). The three-phase current of the motor is obtained by ADC sampling of the control board. The current I d and I q of the brushless motor can be converted from the three-phase current. The I q is used to estimate the output torque of the motor, and this torque is used instead of the pressure sensor. By establishing a D-H parametric model, it is possible to coordinate the control of two joints. The experiment verified that it has good anti-interference ability and buffer capacity.

This paper designs a service robot-oriented face recognition system. For mobile robots, face recognition is a very important function among them. The system includes three parts: face acquisition and preprocessing, model establishment, and model training. Among them, the face collection link uses the face detection function in opencv, and optimizes the interference factors to establish its own data set. A convolutional neural network was designed and constructed, and the model was trained on its own data set. The accuracy rate obtained on the test set was 97.63%. Finally, the trained model was applied to the actual system. The system model is simple, occupies a small amount of memory, and can be applied to the actual application scenario of the robot moving forward, which can quickly and accurately detect and recognize human faces.

In this paper, a four dimensional (4D) hyperchaotic system is described, and this system contains four parameters. To analyze the complicated dynamic behavior of the 4D system, we drawn the 4D system’s bifurcation diagram, phase diagram, Lyapunov exponent diagram and others. by MATLAB. Theoretical analysis shown that the 4D system exists periodic, chaotic and hyperchaotic behaviors with parameter changes. In particular, within a certain range and error, the four Lyapunov indices of parameter c remain substantially constant and it has two Lyapunov indices greater than zero. Therefore, the hyperchaotic characteristics of the system are more obvious. Finally, a hyperchaotic circuit based on analog circuit is designed. Experimental results and numerical simulation results show that the new system has complex dynamic behavior.

Recently, the increasing degree of social aging has aroused more and more attention for elderly walking assistance. In view of the lack of balance assistive technology, this paper introduces a four-flywheel human body balance aided device on account of gyroscopic torque theory. In this paper, the mechanical analysis of the four flywheel structures is firstly carried out, the system state variables are embedded in the sliding mode surface, and the Lyapunov second method is used to determine the system input. Then, MATLAB is applied for the simulation of the dynamic model of this mechanism. The simulation results reveal that this balance assisting device can assist in human balance in all directions, which is able to respond quickly. Furthermore, even if the object is tilted at an angle of 30 degrees, it can quickly return the object to its vertical position.

To perform accurate and synchronous detection of the soluble solid contents (SSC) in fresh jujubes at different stages of maturity, hyperspectral imaging was used to establish robust models. The combined data constituting four maturation stages were used to build the grid-search least squares support vector machine (GS-LS-SVM) model. The determination coefficient (Rp2), the root-mean-square error (RMSEP), and the residual predictive deviation (RPD) of the prediction set for samples of the overall stages were 0.98, 1.10%, and 7.85, respectively. Furthermore, a successive projections algorithm (SPA) was used to extract the characteristic wavelengths of the combined data. An artificial bee colony (ABC) algorithm (for the prediction set, Rp2 = 0.98, RMSEP = 1.19%, RPD = 7.25) was used to improve the SPA-LS-SVM model, which was better than the SPA-GS-LS-SVM model (for the prediction set, Rp2 = 0.98, RMSEP = 1.24%, RPD = 6.96). Lastly, visualization of the SSC distribution map was performed based on the SPA-ABC-LS-SVM model, which clearly showed that the SSC gradually increased during maturation. The results indicated that it was realistic to construct a detection model of the multimaturity stage. This research also demonstrated that the combination of hyperspectral imaging and the ABC had good application values in the testing of agricultural products.

Plastic pollution is everywhere. It is common to see plastic bags floating in the air, food packaging discarded on the roadside, plastic drink bottles and takeaway meal boxes. The advent of plastic products, can be said to be a major progress in science and technology, providing great convenience for people’s travel, but its harm is also gradually highlighted, and the chemical properties of microplastics are stable, can exist in the environment for a long time. Due to the random disposal of garbage, the plastic waste is not properly disposed of, coupled with the plastic itself is difficult to degrade, resulting in plastic pollution permeated to every corner of the earth, and is closely related to the quality of life of each of us. In response, China has implemented a new “ban on plastic pollution” in order to control plastic pollution. Whether it can show its implementation effect remains to be tested by time. In order to promote the effectiveness of policy implementation, and puts forward we should strengthen the business whether efforts in supervising the illegal use plastic products, using the Internet to keep a biodegradable plastic bags of counterfeit monitoring, biodegradable bags subsequent more into the garbage collection process chain, vigorously supporting the production of biodegradable plastics industry enterprises, increase the propaganda guide the implementation of the “forbidden model”, “plastic limit”, etc., more measures control plastic pollution.

By the end of 2019, the coverage rate of residential communities in 46 cities, including municipalities directly under the Central Government, provincial capitals and cities separately listed in the state plan, has reached nearly 70%. The classification effect of household garbage is obvious, and it has become a new trend leading low-carbon life. However, it is undeniable that there are still many problems. To solve the problem, effective solutions should be adopted, such as multi-means auxiliary, increasing the intensity of administrative intervention, multi-channel publicity of the harm of non-classification of garbage, etc., so as to effectively improve the recycling of domestic garbage.

Skin microbial flora was believed to can implicate skin health, and many recent reports point out a close linkage between the dysbiosis of the microbiome with the disease. Changes of microbiota, including diversity, species, and abundance, have been demonstrated in disease states, and it was believed the changes may cause infection and chronicity of the debilitating wounds. And it was been found a reverse of the dysbiosis after the effective treatment, but it failed to find a positive effect of antibiotic therapy on skin disease without significant clinical infection. The microbiomes were compared to the 'second gene reservoir', and indicated that their co-existing with the human being is a result of co-evolution. The current studies have shown that the microbial community on the skin surface should have an ideal optimal state, which can effectively regulate the immune tolerance and help to avoid the invasion of external pathogenic bacteria, then the body can be in a relatively healthy state. In this paper, we hypothesized that failing to maintain the harmonious relationship between microbes and human beings is the reason we suffering from most skin diseases, including chronic non-healing wounds. Thus, the dysbiosis of skin microbiota theory can help us better understand the mechanism of wound formation and problems encountered in wound treatment.

Endometriosis is the major cause of progressive pelvic pain and subfertility. Up to 50% of reproductive-age women suffer from pelvic pain. Endometriosis is a classic indication for IVF. Compared with women whose inability to procreate is caused by simple tubal infertility, women with endometriosis often have lower pregnancy rates following in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection (IVF/ICSI). The administration of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonists prior to IVF/ICSI can improve the successful pregnancy rate. Whether a briefer treatment interval would be efficacious has not been studied. Eligible and consenting women will be randomly assigned to one of two treatments (one cycle of a GnRH agonist or two cycles of a GnRH agonist) prior to IVF/ICSI using a table of random numbers. The primary outcome of this trial is clinical pregnancy rate. Other outcomes include gonadotrophin (Gn) duration, the total dose of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) used, number of oocytes retrieved, number of embryos available for transfer, implantation rate, the abortion rate, live birth rate, and incidence of moderate-to-severe ovarian hyperstimulation. The sample size of this trial is estimated to be 421 participants for each of the two arms. Appropriate interim analyses will be conducted by a data monitoring and ethics committee (DMEC), and the final test will be an intention-to-treat analysis. This trial has been assigned the following registry number: NCT03006406 .