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Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) is known to be a common pathogen causing human respiratory infections. On December 7, 2022, the Chinese government announced 10 new measures of Prevention and Control of COVID-19, marking the onset of the post-COVID-19 era. This study aimed to investigate the epidemiological characteristics of MP infections among children from January 2021 to June 2023.

Arginine vasopressin (AVP) plays a main role in maintaining the homeostasis of fluid balance and vascular tone and in regulating the endocrine stress response in response to osmotic, hemodynamic and stress stimuli. However, the difficulty in measuring AVP limits its clinical application. Copeptin, the C-terminal part of the AVP precursor, is released in an equimolar concentration mode with AVP from the pituitary but is more stable and simple to measure. Therefore, copeptin has emerged as a promising surrogate marker of AVP with excellent potential for the diagnosis, differentiation and prognosis of various diseases in recent decades. However, its application requires further validation, especially in the pediatric population. This review focuses on the clinical value of copeptin in different pediatric diseases and the prospects for its application as a potential biomarker. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chimeric receptor antigen T cell (CAR‐T cell) therapy has demonstrated effectiveness and therapeutic potential in the immunotherapy of hematological malignancies, representing a promising breakthrough in cancer treatment. Despite the efficacy of CAR‐T cell therapy in B‐cell lymphoma, response variability, resistance, and side effects remain persistent challenges. The tumor microenvironment (TME) plays an intricate role in CAR‐T cell therapy of B‐cell lymphoma. The TME is a complex and dynamic environment that includes various cell types, cytokines, and extracellular matrix components, all of which can influence CAR‐T cell function and behavior. This review discusses the design principles of CAR‐T cells, TME in B‐cell lymphoma, and the mechanisms by which TME influences CAR‐T cell function. We discuss emerging strategies aimed at modulating the TME, targeting immunosuppressive cells, overcoming inhibitory signaling, and improving CAR‐T cell infiltration and persistence. Therefore, these processes enhance the efficacy of CAR‐T cell therapy and improve patient outcomes in B‐cell lymphoma. Further research will be needed to investigate the molecular and cellular events that occur post‐infusion, including changes in TME composition, immune cell interactions, cytokine signaling, and potential resistance mechanisms. Understanding these processes will contribute to the development of more effective CAR‐T cell therapies and strategies to mitigate treatment‐related toxicities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR) has been regarded as a permeability factor in proteinuria, though its role in primary nephrotic syndrome remains to be elucidated further. Methods Plasma samples and clinical information from 176 children with primary nephrotic syndrome were collected and concentrations of suPAR were measured. We evaluated the correlation between suPAR concentrations and clinical features, and the value of the plasma suPAR level in predicting steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS). Results There is a significant difference in plasma suPAR concentration between SRNS and steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome (SSNS) groups (44.1 [+ or -] 26.0 vs. 53.5 [+ or -] 67.0, p < 0.05). The area under the curve (AUC) was 0.80, with p < 0.001 for the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis using suPAR to predict SRNS. The suspicious range for predicting SRNS was estimated to be 07.0 pg/ml to 43.5 pg/ml ([chi square] = 14.775, p = 0.001). Conclusions From ROC curve analysis, we demonstrated the significance of the suPAR level in predicting SRNS with a high specificity but low sensitivity. However, the clinical value of suPAR to predict steroid resistance and guide therapy remains to be investigated further. Keywords suPAR * Steroid resistance * Primary nephrotic syndrome, Introduction Soluble urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR) is the soluble form of the urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR). As a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored protein on the cell membrane, uPAR can bind [...]